Real world The characters in the poem attract the reader. Wanderers look for the happy ones among those who are near them. One of these people are clergy.
The image and characterization of the priest in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is similar to reality, but the text also contains consonance with famous fairy-tale characters.
The first person you meet
Of the seven arguing, the opinion that the priest is happy belongs to Luke. The man's name means light. The name Luke is given to people who see the positive in everyone. Luke instills faith in the divine purpose of man. Why did the author decide to show the priest first? The answer can be found in real life peasant. Birth, death, holidays in Rus' began with priests. They accompanied all the main events in the life of a person of any class. The priests were responsible for the connection between the earthly and the heavenly, the real and the otherworldly, the material and the spiritual.Life of a priest
The rural church is the place of worship of the character in the poem. The author does not describe individual appearance features. Pop is typical and almost faceless. The only epithet is a stern face. The clergyman’s earnings are income from peasants. He is not much different from beggars: he begs by asking for his labor. The priest does not demand payment; everyone gives him as much as he can. The character understands that the villages are becoming poor, and his life is becoming more difficult. He wants happiness for the man. It's easier to profit from the rich. The priest explains to the wanderers why he takes from the peasants: this is payment for work, means to feed his family members. If you take payment only with words of gratitude, the priest’s family will go around the world. It is hard for conscientious clergy to take dimes from the bony hands of the sick and poor. The calloused hands of givers themselves ask for help. Rich merchants and landowners move to the cities, leaving the villages under the supervision of their servants and managers.The life and behavior of clergymen often became the subject of ridicule. Pop knows this. In songs, fairy tales, and ditties, not only the priest himself is ridiculed, but also his wife, daughter, and children. This is not always fair, but their fame runs ahead. Even the signs among the people do not please the priest: “Who are you afraid of meeting?” It's a bad sign if a priest appears on the way. There is no respect among the people for the servants of faith in God; they have lost respect for themselves.
Positive character traits of the hero
The wanderers met a priest who cannot be clearly named negative character. He sincerely tells the walkers that one cannot be indifferent to human grief. Death cannot upset anyone. The priest worries when he sees orphans and widows. The habit is not developed:“There is no heart that can bear... the death rattle, the funeral sob, the orphan’s sadness...”
The soul hurts, breaks, but does not become callous.
Patience. Priests more often receive a parish by inheritance. From infancy they get used to life in the Faith and do not complain about God.
Ability to listen and support. The priest finds words for peasant women losing their breadwinner, for mothers burying their children, for the sick and wretched.
Courage. The priest must come to the dying or sick at any time of the day. He goes in the rain, wind, snow. You have to walk at night, through the forest. Priests have no companions, they have only faith.
Negative traits of clergy
Among the priestly class there are different characters. Most of them are negative, which is why people treat them with such disdain. Priests live off the labor of others. They, like merchants, take servants into the house and force them to work for their family.What traits are most typical of priests:
- cynicism;
- parasitism;
- acquisitiveness;
- greed;
- coarseness;
- gluttony.
One more pop appears on the pages of the poem - Ivan. He is the hero of Matryona's story. From his words one can understand that there is nothing to pay the people for sacred rituals:
“...for a wedding, for a confession, they owe years.”
Ivan is indifferent, cruel and cynical. He jokes about the mother’s grief and sees no sin in torturing the baby’s body in front of the suffering woman. He drinks with the authorities, scolds the poor parish. There is no sympathy in Ivan's priest.
What is happiness for a priest? People's trust in religion, submission, humility. But all this goes back to the distant past. Life has changed. People's poverty and the disappearance of the landowner class undermined the priest's well-being. The priest's feelings are the opposite. He feels sorry for the man, but where can he get the money? Sympathy for the people's grief will not satisfy you. The class of priests is heterogeneous. Not everyone was compassionate; most hypocritically and cruelly robbed peasants who believed in the need for religious rituals.
PART ONE
PROLOGUE
On the main road in Pustoporozhnaya volost, seven men meet: Roman, Demyan, Luka, Prov, old man Pakhom, brothers Ivan and Mitrodor Gubin. They come from neighboring villages: Neurozhayki, Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Razutov, Znobishina, Gorelova and Neelova. Men argue about who lives well and freely in Rus'. Roman believes that he is a landowner, Demyan - an official, and Luka - a priest. Old man Pakhom claims that the minister lives best, the Gubin brothers live best as a merchant, and Prov thinks that he is a king.
It's starting to get dark. The men understand that, carried away by the argument, they have walked thirty miles and now it is too late to return home. They decide to spend the night in the forest, light a fire in the clearing and again begin to argue, and then even fight. Their noise causes all the forest animals to scatter, and a chick falls out of the warbler’s nest, which Pakhom picks up. The mother warbler flies up to the fire and asks in a human voice to let her chick go. For this, she will fulfill any desire of the peasants.
The men decide to go further and find out which of them is right. Warbler tells where you can find a self-assembled tablecloth that will feed and water them on the road. The men find a self-assembled tablecloth and sit down to feast. They agree not to return home until they find out who has the best life in Rus'.
Chapter I. Pop
Soon the travelers meet the priest and tell the priest that they are looking for “who lives happily and freely in Rus'.” They ask the church minister to answer honestly: is he satisfied with his fate?
The priest replies that he carries his cross with humility. If men think that happy life- this is peace, honor and wealth, then he has nothing like that. People don't choose the time of their death. So they call the priest to the dying person, even in the pouring rain, even in the bitter cold. And sometimes the heart cannot stand the tears of widows and orphans.
There is no talk of any honor. They make up all sorts of stories about priests, laugh at them and consider meeting with a priest bad omen. And the wealth of the priests is not what it used to be. Previously, when noble people lived on their family estates, the incomes of the priests were quite good. The landowners gave rich gifts, were baptized and married in the parish church. Here they had a funeral service and were buried. These were the traditions. And now the nobles live in the capitals and “abroad”, that’s all there church ceremonies are coping. But you can’t take much money from poor peasants.
The men bow respectfully to the priest and move on.
CHAPTER II. Country fair
The travelers pass several empty villages and ask: where have all the people gone? It turns out that there is a fair in the neighboring village. The men decide to go there. There are a lot of dressed-up people walking around the fair, selling everything from plows and horses to scarves and books. There are a lot of goods, but there are even more drinking establishments.
Old man Vavila is crying near the bench. He drank all the money and promised his granddaughter goatskin boots. Pavlusha Veretennikov approaches his grandfather and buys shoes for the girl. The delighted old man grabs his shoes and hurries home. Veretennikov is known in the area. He loves to sing and listen to Russian songs.
CHAPTER III. drunken night
After the fair, there are drunk people on the road. Some wander, some crawl, and some even lie in the ditch. Moans and endless drunken conversations can be heard everywhere. Veretennikov is talking with peasants at a road sign. He listens and writes down songs and proverbs, and then begins to reproach the peasants for drinking too much.
A well-drunk man named Yakim gets into an argument with Veretennikov. He says that common people many grievances have accumulated against landowners and officials. If you didn’t drink, it would be a big disaster, but all the anger dissolves in vodka. There is no measure for men in drunkenness, but is there any measure in grief, in hard work?
Veretennikov agrees with such reasoning and even drinks with the peasants. Here the travelers hear a beautiful young song and decide to look for the lucky ones in the crowd.
CHAPTER IV. Happy
Men walk around and shout: “Come out happy! We’ll pour some vodka!” People crowded around. The travelers began to ask about who was happy and how. They pour it to some, they just laugh at others. But the conclusion from the stories is this: a man’s happiness lies in the fact that he sometimes ate his fill, and God protected him in difficult times.
The men are advised to find Ermila Girin, whom the whole neighborhood knows. One day, the cunning merchant Altynnikov decided to take the mill away from him. He came to an agreement with the judges and declared that Ermila needed to immediately pay a thousand rubles. Girin did not have that kind of money, but he went to the marketplace and asked honest people to chip in. The men responded to the request, and Ermil bought the mill, and then returned all the money to the people. For seven years he was mayor. During that time, I didn’t pocket a single penny. Only once he excluded his younger brother from the recruits, and then he repented in front of all the people and left his post.
The wanderers agree to look for Girin, but the local priest says that Yermil is in prison. Then a troika appears on the road, and in it is a gentleman.
CHAPTER V. Landowner
The men stop the troika, in which the landowner Gavrila Afanasyevich Obolt-Obolduev is riding, and ask how he lives. The landowner begins to remember the past with tears. Previously, he owned the entire district, he kept a whole regiment of servants and gave holidays with dances, theatrical performances and hunting. Now “the great chain has broken.” The landowners have land, but there are no peasants to cultivate it.
Gavrila Afanasyevich was not used to working. It is not a noble thing to do housekeeping. He only knows how to walk, hunt, and steal from the treasury. Now his family nest has been sold for debts, everything is stolen, and the men drink day and night. Obolt-Obolduev bursts into tears, and the travelers sympathize with him. After this meeting, they understand that they need to look for happiness not among the rich, but in the “Unbroken province, Ungutted volost...”.
PEASANT WOMAN
PROLOGUE
The wanderers decide to search happy people among women. In one village they are advised to find Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, nicknamed “the governor’s wife.” Soon the men find this beautiful, dignified woman of about thirty-seven. But Korchagina doesn’t want to talk: it’s hard, the bread needs to be removed urgently. Then the travelers offer their help in the field in exchange for a story of happiness. Matryona agrees.
Chapter I. Before marriage
Korchagina spends her childhood in a non-drinking, friendly family, in an atmosphere of love from her parents and brother. Cheerful and agile Matryona works a lot, but also loves to go for a walk. A stranger, the stove maker Philip, is wooing her. They are having a wedding. Now Korchagina understands: she was only happy in her childhood and girlhood.
Chapter II. Songs
Philip brings his young wife to his big family. It’s not easy there for Matryona. Her mother-in-law, father-in-law and sisters-in-law do not allow her to live, they constantly reproach her. Everything happens exactly as it is sung in the songs. Korchagina endures. Then her first-born Demushka is born - like the sun in a window.
The master's manager pesters a young woman. Matryona avoids him as best she can. The manager threatens to give Philip a soldier. Then woman walking for advice to grandfather Savely, father-in-law, who was one hundred years old.
Chapter III. Saveliy, Holy Russian hero
Savely looks like a huge bear. He for a long time served hard labor for murder. The cunning German manager sucked all the juice out of the serfs. When he ordered four hungry peasants to dig a well, they pushed the manager into the hole and covered it with earth. Among these killers was Savely.
CHAPTER IV. Demushka
The old man's advice was of no use. The manager, who did not allow Matryona passage, suddenly died. But then another problem happened. The young mother was forced to leave Demushka under the supervision of her grandfather. One day he fell asleep, and the child was eaten by pigs.
The doctor and the judges arrive, perform an autopsy, and interrogate Matryona. She is accused of intentionally killing a child, in conspiracy with an old man. The poor woman is almost losing her mind with grief. And Savely goes to the monastery to atone for his sin.
CHAPTER V. She-Wolf
Four years later, the grandfather returns, and Matryona forgives him. When Korchagina’s eldest son, Fedotushka, turns eight years old, the boy is given to help as a shepherd. One day the she-wolf manages to steal a sheep. Fedot chases after her and snatches out the already dead prey. The she-wolf is terribly thin, she leaves behind bloody trail: I cut my nipples on the grass. The predator looks doomedly at Fedot and howls. The boy feels sorry for the she-wolf and her cubs. He leaves the carcass of a sheep to the hungry beast. For this, the villagers want to whip the child, but Matryona accepts the punishment for her son.
CHAPTER VI. Difficult year
A hungry year is coming, in which Matryona is pregnant. Suddenly news comes that her husband is being recruited as a soldier. The eldest son from their family is already serving, so they shouldn’t take the second one, but the landowner doesn’t care about the laws. Matryona is horrified; pictures of poverty and lawlessness appear before her, because her only breadwinner and protector will not be there.
CHAPTER VII. Governor's wife
The woman walks into the city and arrives at the governor’s house in the morning. She asks the doorman to arrange a date for her with the governor. For two rubles, the doorman agrees and lets Matryona into the house. At this time, the governor's wife comes out of her chambers. Matryona falls at her feet and falls into unconsciousness.
When Korchagina comes to her senses, she sees that she has given birth to a boy. The kind, childless governor's wife fusses with her and the child until Matryona recovers. Together with her husband, who was released from service, the peasant woman returns home. Since then, she has not tired of praying for the health of the governor.
Chapter VIII. The Old Woman's Parable
Matryona ends her story with an appeal to wanderers: do not look for happy people among women. The Lord dropped the keys to women's happiness into the sea, and they were swallowed by a fish. Since then they have been looking for those keys, but they can’t find them.
LAST
Chapter I
I
Travelers come to the banks of the Volga to the village of Vakhlaki. There are beautiful meadows there and haymaking is in full swing. Suddenly music sounds and boats land on the shore. It is old Prince Utyatin who has arrived. He inspects the mowing and swears, and the peasants bow and ask for forgiveness. The men are amazed: everything is like under serfdom. They turn to the local mayor Vlas for clarification.
II
Vlas gives an explanation. The prince became terribly angry when he learned that the peasants had been given free rein, and he was struck down. After that, Utyatin began to act weird. He doesn’t want to believe that he no longer has power over the peasants. He even promised to curse his sons and disinherit them if they spoke such nonsense. So the heirs of the peasants asked them to pretend in front of the master that everything was as before. And for this they will be granted the best meadows.
III
The prince sits down to breakfast, which the peasants gather to gawk at. One of them, the biggest quitter and drunkard, had long ago volunteered to play the steward in front of the prince instead of the rebellious Vlas. So he crawls in front of Utyatin, and the people can barely contain their laughter. One, however, cannot cope with himself and laughs. The prince turns blue with anger and orders the rebel to be flogged. One lively peasant woman comes to the rescue, telling the master that her son, the fool, laughed.
The prince forgives everyone and sets off on the boat. Soon the peasants learn that Utyatin died on the way home.
Feast - FOR THE WHOLE WORLD
Dedicated to Sergei Petrovich Botkin
Introduction
The peasants rejoice at the death of the prince. They walk and sing songs, and the former servant of Baron Sineguzin, Vikenty, tells an amazing story.
About the exemplary slave - Yakov Verny
There lived one very cruel and greedy landowner, Polivanov, who had a faithful servant, Yakov. The man suffered a lot from the master. But Polivanov’s legs became paralyzed, and faithful Yakov became an indispensable person for the disabled man. The master is not overjoyed with the slave, calling him his brother.
Yakov’s beloved nephew once decided to get married, and asks the master to marry the girl whom Polivanov had his eye on for himself. The master, for such insolence, gives up his rival as a soldier, and Yakov, out of grief, goes on a drinking binge. Polivanov feels bad without an assistant, but the slave returns to work after two weeks. Again the master is pleased with the servant.
But new trouble is already on the way. On the way to the master's sister, Yakov suddenly turns into a ravine, unharnesses the horses, and hangs himself by the reins. All night the master drives away the crows from the poor body of the servant with a stick.
After this story, the men argued about who was more sinful in Rus': landowners, peasants or robbers? And the pilgrim Ionushka tells the following story.
About two great sinners
Once upon a time there was a gang of robbers led by Ataman Kudeyar. The robber killed many innocent souls, but the time has come - he began to repent. And he went to the Holy Sepulcher, and received the schema in the monastery - everyone does not forgive sins, his conscience torments him. Kudeyar settled in the forest under a hundred-year-old oak tree, where he dreamed of a saint who showed him the way to salvation. The murderer will be forgiven when he cuts down this oak tree with the knife that killed people.
Kudeyar began to saw the oak tree in three circles with a knife. Things are going slowly, because the sinner is already advanced in age and weak. One day, the landowner Glukhovsky drives up to the oak tree and begins to mock the old man. He beats, tortures and hangs slaves as much as he wants, but sleeps peacefully. Here Kudeyar falls into a terrible anger and kills the landowner. The oak tree immediately falls, and all the robber’s sins are immediately forgiven.
After this story, the peasant Ignatius Prokhorov begins to argue and prove that the most grave sin- peasant. Here is his story.
Peasant sin
For military services, the admiral receives from the empress eight thousand souls of serfs. Before his death, he calls the elder Gleb and hands him a casket, and in it - free food for all the peasants. After the death of the admiral, the heir began to pester Gleb: he gives him money, free money, just to get the treasured casket. And Gleb trembled and agreed to hand over important documents. So the heir burned all the papers, and eight thousand souls remained in the fortress. The peasants, after listening to Ignatius, agree that this sin is the most serious.
At this time, a cart appears on the road. A retired soldier is riding on it to the city to collect his pension. He is sad that he needs to get all the way to St. Petersburg, and the “piece of iron” is very expensive. The peasants invite the servant to sing and play the spoons. The soldier sings about his hard lot, about how unfairly he was awarded a pension. He can barely walk and his injuries were considered “minor.” The peasants chip in a penny and collect a ruble for the soldier.
EPILOGUE
Grisha Dobrosklonov
The local sexton Dobrosklonov has a son, Grisha, who is studying at the seminary. The guy is endowed with wonderful qualities: smart, kind, hardworking and honest. He composes songs and plans to go to university, dreams of improving the lives of the people.
Returning from a peasant celebration, Grigory composes new song: “The army is rising - innumerable! The strength in her will be indestructible! He will definitely teach his fellow villagers to sing it.
Rus' is a country in which even poverty has its charms. After all, the poor, who are slaves to the power of the landowners of that time, have time to reflect and see what the overweight landowner will never see.
Once upon a time, on the most ordinary road, where there was an intersection, men, of whom there were seven, accidentally met. These men are the most ordinary poor men whom fate itself brought together. The men just recently left serfdom, and are now temporarily in bondage. They, as it turned out, lived very close to each other. Their villages were adjacent - the villages of Zaplatova, Razutova, Dyryavina, Znobishina, as well as Gorelova, Neelova and Neurozhaika. The names of the villages are very peculiar, but to some extent, they reflect their owners.
Men are simple people and willing to talk. That is why, instead of just continuing their long journey, they decide to talk. They argue about which of the rich and noble people lives better. A landowner, an official, a boyar or a merchant, or maybe even a sovereign father? Each of them has its own own opinion, which they cherish, and do not want to agree with each other. The argument flares up more and more, but nevertheless, I want to eat. You cannot live without food, even if you feel bad and sad. When they argued, without noticing it, they walked, but in the wrong direction. Suddenly they noticed it, but it was too late. The men gave a distance of as much as thirty miles.
It was too late to return home, and therefore decided to continue the argument right there on the road, surrounded by wildlife. They quickly light a fire to keep warm, since it’s already evening. Vodka will help them. The argument, as always happens with ordinary men, develops into a brawl. The fight ends, but it doesn't give anyone any results. As always happens, the decision to be there is unexpected. One of the company of men sees a bird and catches it; the mother of the bird, in order to free her chick, tells them about the self-assembled tablecloth. After all, men on their road meet many people who, alas, do not have the happiness that men are looking for. But they do not despair of finding a happy person.
Read the summary of Who Lives Well in Rus' by Nekrasov chapter by chapter
Part 1. Prologue
Seven temporary men met on the road. They began to argue about who lives funny, very freely in Rus'. While they were arguing, evening came, they went for vodka, lit a fire and began to argue again. The argument turned into a fight, while Pakhom caught a small chick. The mother bird flies in and asks to let her child go in exchange for a story about where to get a self-assembled tablecloth. The comrades decide to go wherever they look until they find out who lives well in Rus'.
Chapter 1. Pop
Men go on a hike. They pass through steppes, fields, abandoned houses, meeting both rich and poor. They asked the soldier they met about whether he was living a happy life, and the soldier responded by saying that he shaved with an awl and warmed himself with smoke. We passed by the priest. We decided to ask him how life was in Rus'. Pop claims that happiness does not lie in prosperity, luxury and tranquility. And he proves that he has no peace of mind, night and day they can call him to the dying man, that his son cannot learn to read and write, that he often sees sobs and tears at the coffins.
The priest claims that the landowners have scattered across native land and from this there is now no wealth, as there used to be, for the priest. IN old times he attended weddings of rich people and made money from it, and now everyone has left. He told me that he used to come to a peasant family to bury the breadwinner, but there was nothing to take from them. The priest went on his way.
Chapter 2. Country Fair
Wherever men go, they see stingy housing. A pilgrim washes his horse in the river, and the men ask him where the people from the village have gone. He replies that the fair is today in the village of Kuzminskaya. The men, coming to the fair, watch how honest people dance, walk, and drink. And they look at how one old man asks people for help. He promised to bring a gift to his granddaughter, but he doesn’t have two hryvnia.
Then a gentleman appears, as the young man in a red shirt is called, and buys shoes for the old man’s granddaughter. At the fair you can find everything your heart desires: books by Gogol, Belinsky, portraits, and so on. Travelers watch a performance with Petrushka, people give the actors drinks and a lot of money.
Chapter 3. Drunken night
Returning home after the holiday, people fell into ditches from drunkenness, women fought, complaining about life. Veretennikov, the one who bought the shoes for his granddaughter, walked along arguing that Russians are good and smart people, but drunkenness spoils everything, being a big disadvantage for people. The men told Veretennikov about Nagy Yakima. This guy lived in St. Petersburg and after a quarrel with a merchant he went to prison. One day he gave his son various pictures that hung on the walls, and he admired them more than his son. One day there was a fire, so instead of saving money, he started collecting pictures.
His money melted and then merchants gave only eleven rubles for it, and now the pictures hang on the walls in the new house. Yakim said that men don’t lie and said that sadness will come and people will be sad if they stop drinking. Then the young people began to hum the song, and they sang so well that one girl passing by couldn’t even hold back her tears. She complained that her husband was very jealous and she sat at home as if on a leash. After the story, the men began to remember their wives, realized that they missed them, and decided to quickly find out who was living well in Rus'.
Chapter 4. Happy
Travelers, passing by an idle crowd, look for happy people in it, promising to pour them a drink. The clerk came to them first, knowing that happiness does not lie in luxury and wealth, but in faith in God. He talked about what he believes and that makes him happy. Next, the old woman talks about her happiness; the turnip in her garden has grown huge and appetizing. In response, she hears ridicule and advice to go home. Afterwards the soldier tells the story that after twenty battles he remained alive, that he survived hunger and did not die, that this made him happy. He gets a glass of vodka and leaves. The stonecutter wields a large hammer and has immense strength.
In response, the thin man ridicules him, advising him not to boast about his strength, otherwise God will take away his strength. The contractor boasts that he carried objects weighing fourteen pounds with ease to the second floor, but Lately lost his strength and was about to die in hometown. A nobleman came to them and told them that he lived with his mistress, ate very well with them, drank drinks from other people's glasses and developed a strange illness. He was wrong in his diagnosis several times, but in the end it turned out that it was gout. The wanderers kick him out so that he does not drink wine with them. Then the Belarusian said that happiness is in bread. Beggars see happiness in giving a lot. The vodka is running out, but they haven’t found a truly happy person, they are advised to look for happiness from Ermila Girin, who runs the mill. Yermil is awarded to sell it, wins the auction, but has no money.
He went to ask the people in the square for a loan, collected money, and the mill became his property. The next day, he returned their money to all the good people who helped him in difficult times. The travelers were amazed that the people believed Ermila’s words and helped. Good people said that Ermila was the colonel’s clerk. He worked honestly, but he was driven away. When the colonel died and the time came to choose a mayor, everyone unanimously chose Yermil. Someone said that Ermila did not correctly judge the son of the peasant woman Nenila Vlasyevna.
Ermila was very sad that he could let the peasant woman down. He ordered that the people judge him, young man awarded a fine. He quit his job and rented a mill and established his own order on it. They advised travelers to go to Girin, but the people said that he was in prison. And then everything is interrupted because a footman is whipped on the side of the road for theft. The wanderers asked for the continuation of the story, and in response they heard a promise to continue at the next meeting.
Chapter 5. Landowner
The wanderers meet a landowner who mistakes them for thieves and even threatens them with a pistol. Obolt Obolduev, having understood the people, started a story about the antiquity of his family, that while serving the sovereign he had a salary of two rubles. He remembers feasts rich in various foods, servants, of whom he had a whole regiment. Regrets the lost unlimited power. The landowner told how kind he was, how people prayed in his house, how spiritual purity was created in his house. And now their gardens have been cut down, their houses have been dismantled brick by brick, the forest has been plundered, not a trace remains of their former life. The landowner complains that he is not created for such a life; after living in the village for forty years, he will not be able to distinguish barley from rye, but they demand that he work. The landowner is crying, the people sympathize with him.
Part 2. The Last One
The wanderers, walking past the hayfield, decide to mow a little, they are bored with their work. The gray-haired man Vlas drives the women out of the fields and asks them not to disturb the landowner. Landowners catch fish in boats in the river. We moored and went around the hayfield. The wanderers began to ask the man about the landowner. It turned out that the sons, in collusion with the people, were deliberately indulging the master so that he would not deprive them of their inheritance. The sons beg everyone to play along with them. One man, Ipat, serves without playing along, for the salvation that the master gave him. Over time, everyone gets used to deception and lives like that. Only the man Agap Petrov did not want to play these games. Utyatina grabbed the second blow, but again he woke up and ordered Agap to be publicly flogged. The sons put the wine in the stable and asked them to shout loudly so that the prince could hear them up to the porch. But soon Agap died, they say from the prince’s wine. People stand in front of the porch and play a comedy; one rich man can’t stand it and laughs loudly. A peasant woman saves the situation and falls at the prince’s feet, claiming that it was her stupid one who laughed. little son. As soon as Utyatin died, all the people breathed freely.
Part 3. Peasant woman
They send to the neighboring village to Matryona Timofeevna to ask about happiness. There is hunger and poverty in the village. Someone caught a small fish in the river and talks about how once upon a time a larger fish was caught.
Theft is rampant, people are trying to steal something. Travelers find Matryona Timofeevna. She insists that she doesn’t have time to rant, she needs to remove the rye. The wanderers help her; while working, Timofeevna begins to willingly talk about her life.
Chapter 1. Before marriage
In her youth the girl had a strong family. IN parental home She lived without knowing troubles, she had enough time to have fun and work. One day Philip Korchagin appeared, and the father promised to give his daughter as a wife. Matryona resisted for a long time, but eventually agreed.
Chapter 2. Songs
Next, the story is about life in the house of the father-in-law and mother-in-law, which is interrupted by sad songs. They beat her once for being slow. Her husband leaves for work, and she gives birth to a child. She calls him Demushka. Her husband's parents began to scold her often, but she endured everything. Only the father-in-law, old man Savely, felt sorry for his daughter-in-law.
Chapter 3. Savely, the Holy Russian hero
He lived in an upper room, did not like his family and did not allow them into his house. He told Matryona about his life. In his youth he was a Jew in a serf family. The village was remote, you had to get there through thickets and swamps. The landowner in the village was Shalashnikov, but he could not get to the village, and the peasants did not even go to him when called. The rent was not paid; the police were given fish and honey as tribute. They went to the master and complained that there was no rent. Having threatened with flogging, the landowner still received his tribute. After some time, a notification comes that Shalashnikov has been killed.
The rogue came instead of the landowner. He ordered trees to be cut down if there was no money. When the workers came to their senses, they realized that they had cut a road to the village. The German robbed them to the last penny. Vogel built a factory and ordered a ditch to be dug. The peasants sat down to rest at lunch, the German went to scold them for idleness. They pushed him into a ditch and buried him alive. He ended up in hard labor and escaped from there twenty years later. During hard labor he saved up money, built a hut and now lives there.
Chapter 4. Demushka
The daughter-in-law scolded the girl for not working enough. She began to leave her son to his grandfather. Grandfather ran to the field and told him that he had overlooked and fed Demushka to the pigs. The mother’s grief was not enough, but the police began to come often; they suspected that she had killed the child on purpose. They buried the baby in a closed coffin, and she mourned him for a long time. And Savely kept reassuring her.
Chapter 5. Patrimony
As soon as you die, the work stops. The father-in-law decided to teach a lesson and beat the bride. She began to beg to kill her, and her father took pity. The mother mourned at her son’s grave all day and night. In winter, my husband returned. Grandfather left from grief, first into the forest, then into the monastery. After that, Matryona gave birth every year. And again a series of troubles began. Timofeevna's parents died. Grandfather returned from the monastery, asked his mother for forgiveness, and said that he had prayed for Demushka. But he never lived long; he died very hard. Before his death, he spoke about three paths of life for women and two paths for men. Four years later, a praying mantis comes to the village.
She kept talking about some beliefs and advised not to feed breast milk children by fast days. Timofeevna did not listen, then she regretted it, she says God punished her. When her child, Fedot, was eight years old, he began to herd sheep. And somehow they came to complain about him. They say that he fed the sheep to the she-wolf. Fedot’s mother began to question him. The child said that before he could blink an eye, a she-wolf appeared out of nowhere and grabbed the sheep. He ran after him and caught up, but the sheep was dead. The she-wolf howled, it was clear that she had cubs somewhere in the hole. He took pity on her and gave her the dead sheep. They tried to flog Fetod, but his mother took all the punishment upon herself.
Chapter 6. Difficult year
Matryona Timofeevna said that it was not easy for the she-wolf to see her son like that. He believes that this was a harbinger of famine. My mother-in-law spread all the gossip around the village about Matryona. She said that her daughter-in-law cawed out hunger because she knew how to do such things. She said that her husband was protecting her. And if it weren’t for her son, she would have been beaten to death with stakes long ago as before for such a thing.
After the hunger strike, they began to take children from villages to serve. They took her husband's brother first, she was calm that her husband would be with her in difficult times. But my husband was also taken away from the queue. Life becomes unbearable, her mother-in-law and father-in-law begin to mock her even more.
Picture or drawing Who lives well in Rus'
Other retellings for the reader's diary
- Summary of Leskov Lev of Elder Gerasim
An instructive story about a rich and successful old man Gerasim, who after an illness gave away all his wealth to those in need and went into the desert. It was in the desert that he realized how wrong he had been living his life. Gerasim settled in a small hole
- Summary of Derzhavin Felitsa
The ode was written in 1782 - the first work that made the poet famous, and besides this, it is the image of a new style for poetry in Russia.
- Brief summary of Blue Dragonfly Prishvina
- Summary of Ekimov Night of Healing
A grandson comes to visit his grandmother for skiing. The ski trip captivated him so much that it was too late to go home - he needed to spend the night. A portrait of a classic caring and kind grandmother is drawn. She's constantly fussing around the house
- Brief summary of Paustovsky Snow
Tatyana Petrovna, daughter Varya and nanny were evacuated from Moscow to small town. They settled with a local old man. A month later Potapov died. Grandfather had a son who served in the Black Sea Fleet.
The work of Russian literature of the 19th century does not lose its relevance. The search for happiness can continue. Things have changed a bit modern Russia. Summary Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” in chapters and parts will help you find the desired episode and understand the plot.
1 part
Prologue
Seven men from different villages gathered on the road and began to argue about who would live happily and freely in Rus'. The meeting place and the names of the villages were chosen by the author with meaning. County - Terpigorev (we endure grief), volost - Pustoporozhnaya (empty or empty). Villages with names that convey the main characteristics of peasant life:
- clothing made from patches – Zaplatovo;
- things with holes - Dyryavino;
- without shoes – Razutovo;
- shivering from illness and fear - Znobishino;
- burnt houses - Gorelovo;
- no food - Neelovo;
- constant crop failures - crop failure.
- landowner;
- official;
- merchant;
- boyar;
- minister;
- tsar.
"The tablecloth will do everything"
The warbler promised. The bird warned that you should not ask the tablecloth for more food than your stomach can handle, and only 1 bucket of vodka. If these conditions are not met, the desire will lead to disaster for the 3rd time. The men found a tablecloth and had a feast. They decided that they would find out who lived happily on Russian soil, and only then would they return home.
Chapter 1 Pop
The peasants continued their journey. They met a lot of people, but no one asked about life. All the wanderers were close to them: the bast worker, the artisan, the beggar, the coachman. The soldier could not be happy. He shaves with an awl and warms himself with smoke. Closer to night they met a priest. The peasants stood in a row and bowed to the holy man. Luka began to ask the priest whether he was living comfortably. The priest thought about it and began to talk. He simply kept silent about his years of study. The priest has no peace. He is called to a sick, dying person. My heart aches and hurts for orphans and people leaving for another world. The priest has no honor. They call him offensive names, avoid him on the way, and make up fairy tales. They don’t like either the priest’s daughter or the priest. The priest is not held in high esteem by all classes. Where does the priest get his wealth? Previously, there were many nobles in Rus'. Children were born on estates and weddings took place. Everyone went to the priests, wealth grew and multiplied. Now everything has changed in Rus'. The landowners scattered across the foreign land, leaving only ruined possessions in their homeland. The priest complains about the appearance of schismatics who live among the Orthodox. The life of the priests is becoming more and more difficult; only poor peasants provide income. What can they give? Just a dime and a pie for the holiday. The priest finished his sad story and moved on. The men attacked Luka, who claimed that priests live freely.Chapter 2 Rural fair
The comrades move on and end up at a fair in the village of Kuzminskoye. They hope to meet someone there who is truly happy. The village is rich, commercial and dirty. Kuzminsky has everything that is found in Rus'.- Dirty hotel with a beautiful sign and a tray with dishes.
- Two churches: Orthodox and Old Believers.
- School.
- A paramedic's hut where patients are bled.
Chapter 3 drunken night
The men moved along the road, meeting drunks. They“they crawled, they lay, they rode, they floundered.”
Sober wanderers walked, looking around and listening to speeches. Some were so bad that it’s scary how the Russian people drink themselves to death. Women argue in a ditch about who has a harder life. One goes to hard labor, the other is beaten by her sons-in-law.
The wanderers hear the familiar voice of Pavlusha Veretennikov. He praises the smart Russian people for their proverbs and songs, but is upset about drinking to the point of stupor. But the man doesn’t let him write down the thought. He began to prove that peasants drink on time. During the harvest, people are in the field, who works and feeds the whole country? For a drinking family, a non-drinking family. And trouble comes to everyone equally. Ugly, drunken men are no worse than those who were eaten by midges, eaten by swamp reptiles. One of the drunks was Yakim Nagoy. The worker decided to compete with the merchant and ended up in prison. Yakim loved paintings; because of them, he almost burned down in a fire. While taking pictures, I didn’t have time to pull out the rubles. They merged into a lump and lost value. The men decided that the Russian man could not be overcome by hops.
Chapter 4 Happy
Wanderers are looking for happiness in the festive crowd at the bazaar. But all the arguments of those they meet seem absurd. There are no truly happy people. A man's happiness does not impress wanderers. They are sent to Yermil Girin. He collected money from people in an hour. All the peasants chipped in and helped Yermil buy the mill and resist the merchant Altynnikov. A week later, Yermil returned everything to the last penny, no one demanded anything extra from him, no one was left offended. Someone didn’t take one ruble from Girin, he gave it to the blind. The men decided to find out what kind of witchcraft Yermil possesses. Girin honestly served as headman. But he couldn’t send his brother to the army, so he replaced him with a peasant. The act exhausted Yermil’s soul. He returned the peasant home and sent his brother to serve. He resigned as headman and rented the mill. Fate still took its toll on the man; he was sent to prison. The wanderers move on, realizing that this is not the happiest person in Rus'.Chapter 5 landowner
The wanderers meet the landowner. The ruddy landowner was 60 years old. And here the author tried. He chose a special surname for the hero - Obolt-Obolduev Gavrila Afanasyevich. The landowner decided that they were going to rob him. He pulled out a pistol, but the men calmed him down and explained the essence of their dispute. Gavrila Afanasyevich was amused by the peasants’ question. He laughed his fill and began to talk about his life. He started with family tree. The men quickly understood what was being said. The landowner's ancestor was Oboldui, who is already more than 2 and a half centuries old. He amused the empress by playing with animals. On the other hand, the family originates from a prince who tried to set fire to Moscow and was executed for this. The landowner was famous; the older the tree, the more eminent the family. The family's wealth was such that it seemed possible not to think about the future. The forests are full of hares, the rivers are full of fish, the arable land is filled with grain. Houses were built with greenhouses, gazebos and parks. The landowners celebrated and walked. Hunting was his favorite pastime. But gradually, along with it, the power of the Russian landowner goes away. Peasants give gifts to the master from all over the vast country. The free life quickly ended. The houses were dismantled brick by brick, everything began to fall into disrepair. There is still land left to work on. The landowner doesn't know how to work, he spends his whole life“lived on the labor of others.”
The peasants realized that the landowner was not the one they were looking for.
Part 2. Last One
Chapter 1
The wanderers reached the Volga. There was a cheerful mowing going on all around. The wanderers saw how a wonderful old man was swaggering over the peasants. He forced the heroic haystack to be swept away. It seemed to him that the hay was not dry. It turned out to be Prince Utyatin. The wanderers were surprised why the peasants behaved this way, if they had long been given their freedom and the estate belonged not to the prince, but to them. Vlas explains to his comrades what the matter is.Chapter 2
The landowner was very rich and important. He didn't believe it was canceled serfdom. He was struck. The children and their wives arrived. Everyone thought that the old man would die, but he recovered. The heirs of their father's wrath were frightened. One of the ladies said that serfdom had been returned. I had to persuade the serfs to continue behaving as before, until freedom. They promised to pay for all the parent's quirks. The prince's orders were as ridiculous as they were absurd. One of the old men could not stand it and spoke out to the prince. He was ordered to be punished. They persuaded Agap to drink and scream as if he was being beaten. They drank the old man to death, and by morning he died.Chapter 3
The peasants, believing in the promises of their heirs, behave like serfs. Prince Posledysh dies. But no one keeps the promises; the promised lands do not go to the peasants. There is a legal battle going on.Part 3. Peasant woman
The men decided to look for happy people among the women. They were advised to find Matryona Timofeeva Korchagina. Wanderers walk through the fields, admiring the rye. Wheat does not make them happy; it does not feed everyone. We reached the desired village - Klin. The peasants were surprised at every step. Strange, absurd work was going on throughout the village. Everything around was being destroyed, broken or damaged. Finally, they saw the reapers and reapers. Beautiful girls changed the situation. Among them was Matryona Timofeevna, popularly nicknamed the governor’s wife. The woman was approximately 37 - 38 years old. The woman’s appearance is attractive with beauty:- large stern eyes;
- wide, tight posture;
- rich eyelashes;
- dark skin.
Chapter 1 Before marriage
Matryona was happy in her parents' house. Everyone treated her well: father, brother, mother. The girl grew up hardworking. She has been helping with housework since she was 5 years old. She grew up to be a kind worker who loved to sing and dance. Matryona was in no hurry to get married. But stove maker Philip Korchagin appeared. The girl thought it over all night, cried, but after looking at the guy more closely, she agreed. There was happiness only on the night of the matchmaking, as Matryona said.Chapter 2 Songs
The wanderers and the woman sing songs. They talk about the hard life in someone else's house. Matryona continues the story about her life. The girl ended up in a huge family. The husband went to work and advised his wife to remain silent and endure. Matryona worked for her eldest sister-in-law, the pious Martha, looked after her father-in-law, and pleased her mother-in-law. It occurred to Philip’s mother that it would be better for rye to grow from stolen seeds. The father-in-law went to steal, he was caught, beaten and thrown into the barn, half dead. Matryona praises her husband, and the wanderers ask if he beat her. The woman is talking. Philip beat him for not answering a question quickly when his wife was lifting a heavy pot and could not speak. The wanderers sang a new song about their husband’s whip and relatives. Matryona gave birth to a son, Demushka, when her husband went to work again. Trouble came again: the master’s manager, Abram Gordeevich Sitnikov, liked the woman. He didn't give way. Of the whole family, only grandfather Savely felt sorry for Matryona. She went to him for advice.Chapter 3 Saveliy, Holy Russian hero
Grandfather Savely looked like a bear. He hasn’t cut his hair for 20 years, he’s bent over with age. According to documents, my grandfather was already more than 100 years old. He lived in a corner - in a special upper room. He didn’t allow family members to visit him; they didn’t like him. Even his own son scolded his father. They called my grandfather branded. But Savely was not offended:“Branded, but not a slave!”
The grandfather rejoiced at the family’s failures: while they were waiting for matchmakers, beggars came to the window, and they beat up the father-in-law in the pub. Grandfather collects mushrooms and berries, catches birds. In winter he talks to himself on the stove. The old man has many sayings and favorite sayings. Matryona and her son went to the old man. The grandfather told the woman why he was called the branded one in the family. He was a convict who buried the German Vogel alive in the ground. Savely tells the woman how they lived. Times were prosperous for the peasants. The master could not get to the village because there were no roads. Only bears worried the residents, but the men easily dealt with them without guns:
"with a knife and a spear."
The grandfather tells how he got scared and why his back bent. He stepped on the sleepy bear, was not afraid, drove the spear into her and raised her like a chicken. My back crunched from the weight; in my youth it ached a little, but in my old age it became bent. In a lean year, Shalashnikov reached them. The landowner began to tear “three skins” from the peasants. When Shalashnikov died, a German, a strange and quiet man, was sent to the village. He forced them to work, unbeknownst to them, the peasants cut a clearing to the village, and a road appeared. Hard labor came with her. The German spirit is to let it go around the world. The Russian heroes endured and did not break. Peasant
“The axes lay there for the time being.”
The German ordered to dig a well and came to scold him for his slowness. Hungry men stood and listened to his whining. Saveliy quietly pushed him with his shoulder, and the others did the same. They carefully threw the German into the pit. He shouted and demanded a rope and a ladder, but Savely said:
“Pump it up!”
The hole was filled quickly, as if it had never happened. Next came hard labor, prison, and floggings. The old man’s skin has become as if it had been tanned, the grandfather jokes, and that’s why it has been worn “for a hundred years” because it has endured so much. Grandfather returned to his homeland while there was money, he was loved, then they began to hate him.
Chapter 4. Demushka
Matryona continues the story about her life. She loved her son Demushka and took him with her everywhere, but her mother-in-law demanded that the child be left with his grandfather. The woman was loading compressed sheaves of rye when she saw Savely crawling towards her. The old man roared. He fell asleep and did not notice how the pigs ate the child. Matryona experienced terrible grief, but the interrogations of the police officer were even more terrible. He found out whether Matryona and Savely cohabited, whether she killed her son in conspiracy and added arsenic. The mother asked to bury Demushka according to Christian custom, but they began to cut the child, “torture and plaster.” The woman almost went crazy from anger and grief, she cursed Savely. Lost in her mind, she went into oblivion, when she woke up, she saw that her grandfather was reading a prayer over a small coffin. Matryona began to persecute the old man, and he asked for forgiveness and explained that Demushka had melted the old man’s petrified heart. All night Savely read a prayer over the child, and the mother held a candle in her hands.Chapter 5. She-Wolf
20 years have passed since her son died, and the woman still regrets his fate. Matryona stopped working and was not afraid of her father-in-law’s reins. I couldn’t make any more promises with my grandfather Savely. The old man sat in his little room out of grief for 6 days and went into the forest. He cried so much that the whole forest groaned with him. In the fall, my grandfather went to the Sand Monastery to repent for what he had done. Life began to take its course: children, work. Her parents died, Matryona went to cry at Demushka’s grave. I met Savelia there. He prayed for Dema, Russian suffering, for the peasantry, and asked to remove the anger from his mother’s heart. Matryona reassured the old man, saying that she had forgiven him a long time ago. Savely asked to look at him as before. The woman’s kind look pleased the grandfather. The “hero” died hard: he didn’t eat for 100 days and withered away. He lived 107 years and asked to be buried next to Demushka. The request was fulfilled. Matryona worked for the whole family. My son was sent to work as a shepherd at the age of 8. He did not keep track of the lamb, and the she-wolf carried it away. The mother did not allow the crowd to flog her son. Fedot said that the enormous she-wolf grabbed the sheep and ran. The boy rushed after her, boldly took the animal from the gray woman, but took pity on her. The she-wolf was covered in blood, her nipples were cut up by grass. She howled as pitifully as a mother cries. The boy gave her the sheep, came to the village and told everything honestly. The headman ordered the assistant shepherd to be forgiven and the woman to be punished with rods.Chapter 6. Difficult year
A hungry year has come to the village. The peasants looked for reasons in their neighbors; Matryona was almost killed for wearing a clean shirt for Christmas. My husband was drafted into the army, and poverty became almost unbearable. Matryona sends her children to beg. The woman can’t stand it and leaves the house at night. She sings a song to the wanderers that she really likes.Chapter 7. Governor's wife
Matryona ran at night to ask the governor for help in the city. The woman walked all night, silently praying to God. In the morning I reached the cathedral square. I found out that the doorman's name was Makar and began to wait. He promised to let us in in two hours. The woman walked around the city, looked at the monument to Susanin, which reminded her of Savely, and was frightened by the cry of a drake that had fallen under the knife. I returned to the governor’s house early and managed to talk with Makar. A lady in a sable fur coat was coming down the stairs, and Matryona threw herself at her feet. She begged so much that she began giving birth in the governor’s house. The lady baptized the boy and chose his name Liodor. Elena Alexandrovna (the lady) returned Philip. Matryona wishes the lady only joy and goodness. The husband's family is grateful to their daughter-in-law; with a man in the house, hunger is not so bad.Chapter 8. The Woman's Parable
The woman was glorified in the area and began to be called by a new name - governor's wife. Matryona has 5 sons, one is already in the army. Korchagina sums up her story:“...It’s no business to look for a happy woman among women!...”
The wanderers are trying to find out if the woman has told everything about her life, but she only tells them about troubles and grief:
- Anthrax;
- Work instead of a horse;
- The whip and the loss of the firstborn.
Part 4 Feast for the whole world
The wanderers settled down at the end of the village under a willow tree. They remember the master - the Last One. During the feast they begin to sing and share stories.Song Merry. It is sung by priests and street people like a dance song. Only the vakhlak did not sing. A song about the hard lot of the Russian peasant.
“It is glorious to live in holy Rus' for the people”:
He has no milk - the master took away the cow for offspring, there are no chickens - the judges of the zemstvo council ate them, the children are taken away: the king - the boys, the master - the daughters.
Corvee song. The second song is sad and drawn-out. The hero of the story is the unkempt Kalinushka. Only his back is painted with rods and lashes. Kalinushka drowns his grief in the tavern, sees his wife only on Saturday, and “comes back” to her from the master’s stable.
About an exemplary slave - Yakov Verny. The story is narrated by the servant Vikenty Alexandrovich. Main character story - a gentleman, cruel and evil. For bribes, he acquired a village for himself and established his own law. The gentleman’s cruelty was not only towards the servants. He married off his own daughter, whipped the guy and “drove (the children) away naked.” Polivanov had a servant - Yakov. He served his master as faithful dog. The slave took care of the master and pleased him as best he could. The old man began to get sick, his legs gave out. Yakov carried him in his arms like a child. Yakov's nephew Grisha grew up. Yakov asked permission to marry the girl Arisha, but the master himself liked the girl, so he sent Grigory as a recruit. The slave was tanning. He drank for 2 weeks, the master felt what it was like for him without an assistant. Yakov returned and devotedly began to look after the landowner again. They went to visit their sister. The landowner sat carefree in the carriage, Yakov took him to the forest. The master was frightened when he saw that they had turned off the road towards a ravine. He got scared and decided that death awaited him. But the slave laughed evilly:
“I found a murderer!”
Yakov didn't want to
“...getting your hands dirty with murder...”
He made a rope and hanged himself in front of the master. He lay in the ravine all night, driving away birds and wolves. The next morning a hunter found him. The gentleman realized what sin he had committed against his faithful servant.
The story "About two great sinners." Ionushka began to tell the story of Father Pitirim from Solovki. Twelve robbers with ataman Kudeyar committed rampage in Rus'. Suddenly, the robber Kudeyar's conscience awoke. He began to argue with her, trying to gain the upper hand. He cut off the beauty's head and killed the captain. But conscience won. The chieftain disbanded the gang and went to pray. For a long time he sat under the oak tree, asking God. The Lord heard the sinner. He suggested that he cut down a century-old tree with a knife. The chieftain began to work, but the oak tree did not give in to him. Pan Glukhovsky came to him. He began to boast that he kills easily and sleeps peacefully, without remorse. Kudeyar could not stand it and stabbed the master in the heart. The oak collapsed at that very moment. God forgave the sins of one sinner, freeing the world from another villain.
Peasant sin. The widower ammiral received 8 thousand souls from the empress for his service. The ammiral leaves a will to the headman. The free ones are hidden in the casket. After the death of the ammiral, a relative finds out from Gleb where the will is kept and burns the will. Peasant sin is betrayal among one's own. He is not forgiven even by God.
Song Hungry. The men sing it in chorus, like a chased march, the words approach like a cloud and draw in the soul. The song is about hunger, a man’s constant desire for food. He is ready to eat everything alone, dreams of cheesecake on a large table. The song is sung not by voice, but by a hungry gut.
Grisha Dobrosklonov joins the wanderers. He tells the peasants that the main thing for him is to achieve a good life for the peasants. They sing a song about the lot of people's and working life. The people ask God for little - light and freedom.
Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov
Gregory lived in the family of a poor, seedy peasant. He was the son of a clerk who boasted about his children, but did not think about their food. Gregory remembered the song that his mother sang to him. Song "Salty". The essence of the song is that the mother managed to salt her son’s piece of bread with her tears. The guy grew up with love for his mother in his heart. Already at the age of 15 he knows for whom he would give his life. Two roads stretch before a person:- Spacious, where people inhumanly fight among themselves for the sake of passions and sin.
- Close where honest people suffer and fight for the oppressed.
Nekrasov’s work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is an excellent example of how to write images in a work in order to produce the maximum desired effect on the reader. Nekrasov is an excellent writer, who in his work was able to convey all the thoughts that he wanted, without departing from the narrative of the work. It is worth highlighting the character Pop in the work “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
The priest is an ordinary clergyman in the church, in whom there is practically nothing outwardly remarkable, but, nevertheless, in character and inner world he is very, very different from his colleagues in the shop. And it differs in the following features.
He's quite a character unique character, since it does not contrast with the other characters, clearly standing out against their background, which gives the reader the opportunity to analyze him separately from all the other characters presented in the work. He is quite independent, he thinks broadly and openly, without forcing himself into a framework, even though he is a representative of a religion, for which, by the way, free-thinking is not at all characteristic, which makes Pop a very distinctive character only for this reason. He is also quite brave and a kind person, ready to help anyone and anytime, no matter who it is, he will always come to the aid of a person if that person needs help.
Pop's entire character is built on the desire to help others, to do good for them, however, since he is a man of religion, then, accordingly, religious canons also play an important role for him. He fiercely defends the ideals of Orthodoxy, not allowing anyone to shake his faith. He believes that the canons of Orthodoxy are the only true religion, which should be taken on faith, since it corrects a person’s behavior in the direction desired by the state, towards submission, but he is not even against this fact, but on the contrary, he actively supports this policy, since he believes that Rus' will collapse without the assistance of Orthodoxy and without something to believe in.
I believe that it was precisely this idea that Nekrasov tried to convey to us through the image of the Priest in his work “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
Essay Pop in the work of Nekrasov Who lives well in Rus'
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was written by N.A. Nekrasov after the abolition of serfdom. Its whole point is that the serfs, who dreamed of living freely, now do not know what to do. For landowners, such a reform is like death. For example, one of the characters, Prince Utyatin, is deceived that serfdom was not abolished, because if he finds out the truth, he will have a stroke. Nekrasov in this poem depicts the relationship different people to this reform. The writer wants to find out in his work who lives well in Rus'? To do this, he introduced characters of peasants who walk around and ask various people their opinions.
So the peasants met the priest and asked if the priest was happy. He replied that he had neither wealth, nor peace, nor honor. And this, according to the priest, was happiness. The priest says that peasants are never happy: either there is no harvest, or there is quite a lot of harvest, but some other misfortune is sure to happen. Pop also expresses his unhappiness in the fact that he has no peace. That he has to go at any time, when called, either to a person’s funeral, or to the birth of babies, and his soul hurts for human suffering. And it’s quite difficult for clergy to get an education.
Pop's image is quite diverse. For example, at first he appears to us as a man who has to exploit the peasants and take away the last. On the other hand, he feels sorry for the peasants, he is not indifferent to the opinion of the people. It was Pop who raised the topic of peasant girls who work tirelessly. But how does the common class relate to the priest? Peasants have always treated the clergy with disrespect. The priest tells how the people are ironic about the priest's wealth, that the peasants are gossiping about bribes from the landowners and collecting the last pennies from the people. One day the old woman gave him her last copper nickels and the priest took them, because if he didn’t take them, he would have nothing to live on. But he also understands that the old woman herself needed them. The priest himself serves in rural areas, runs a large temple.
From the image of the priest we see the life of the entire clergy and intelligentsia of that time. The state does not help them, the people mock them, although they call priests at any time the peasants wish. With the abolition of serfdom, all the rich landowners who contributed to their living scattered throughout to different parties. And they live hard on the alms of the peasants.
Several interesting essays
- Features of classicism in the work Woe from Wit
Comedy in verse “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedova reflected the life of the nobility at the beginning of the 19th century. The main topic There was a conflict between conservative old generations and innovative youth.
- The image and characteristics of Fyodor Podtelkov in the novel Quiet Don by Sholokhov
One of the brightest and central characters in the work " Quiet Don"Fyodor Podtelkov is considered a Cossack of the Red Guard. Fedor was hardy and confident, also a brave Bolshevik
Every inhabitant of the planet faces a choice in life. Difficult choice in a person's life is the choice of profession. You need to choose it based on your personal preferences and desires.
To understand the sense of your life, you need to first come to your senses. Life is a theater, life is a game, life is a battlefield - many writers themselves used such metaphors to characterize their own and many others’ lives.
It seems that the share of the skin people was written even before the people were born. And growing up, people are living as if according to the script, unable to change anything in their lives. Ale, I respect that the master of his future is skinned.
What a sign: a bird flew into the window (a tit flew in)
Apricot jam in syrup for the winter
Why do you dream about red hair?
Zucchini like milk mushrooms - recipes for preparing for the winter
I dreamed of light - what could this mean?