What birds are called migratory? Let's learn more about migratory and wintering birds.

19.10.2019

How do wintering birds differ from migratory birds? Beautiful pictures of birds, simple stories about each bird and questions for a quiz on the topic “Birds”. The further the progress of science and technology goes, the more disconnected from the surrounding nature our children grow up.

Sometimes they cannot say the names of plants and birds that are often found within the city, let alone the inhabitants of the wild forest, especially the winter forest, which children are even less likely to visit than the summer forest. Therefore, it will be useful for every child to conduct a lesson on birds in winter.

Thematic lesson for children “wintering and migratory birds”

A thematic lesson is structured very simply if wintering and migratory birds depicted in photographs or drawings are used - pictures with names are simply necessary for children, otherwise they will not be able to form stable visual images and remember information that is new to them. Visual perception is usually well developed already in preschool age, so you can start studying such material with preschool children.

A lesson on the topic of wintering birds traditionally begins with a simple question - why does it become difficult for birds to live in cold regions in winter? This is how we voice the main problem of the lesson and look for its solution.

Typically, children offer answer options indicating uncomfortable living conditions in winter: cold, fear of freezing. This theory is refuted by the fact that the birds have well-developed plumage, which means they are not afraid of the cold. (Let's remember goose or swan down, which is used to stuff down jackets - warm winter clothes that people wear with pleasure in any frost).

We gradually lead the child to think about what other needs each representative of the animal kingdom has, including birds. We come to the key need of a living organism - nutrients, and remember what is usually included in the diet of birds: insects, berries and other fruits.

Riddles about birds:

To better remember the information received, invite your child to play a kind of quiz - you ask riddle questions, and he names the bird and finds its image among the photographs. Questions could go something like this:

A fisherman bird, a lover of small fish (kingfisher).
He sits on a hill, guarding his prey. As soon as the fly appeared, it immediately appeared in the beak (flycatcher).
It flies over the fields, over the meadows in the sky, singing a melodious song loudly (lark).
This bird is not too lazy to look for bugs in the tree all day (woodpecker).
It will crawl up and down the trunk until it finds food for itself (nuthatch).
At night, a clever little warbler sings and imitates birds.
In winter, it is clearly visible: you can’t hide its bright red color (bullfinch) in the snow.
Bird of peace and goodness, inhabitant of the city (dove).
This little gourmet loves large insects: he turns a bush of a thorny plant into a restaurant (shrike).
In winter, he goes on a tour (schur) through the fir trees, larches, and pines.
This nimble daredevil (starling) will find all the worms on the arable land.
In winter, wherever rowan berries are preserved, you can hear its trill (waxwing).
A girl lives in a hollow - a bright bird (tit).
He builds a house under the eaves and lives happily in it (swallow).
A small, nimble robin gallops across the clearing in search of food.
He will find food anywhere, and if necessary, he will steal it (crow).
Small and timid, lives near people (sparrow).

Such simple questions with hints help children learn basic information.

Migratory birds pictures for children

In winter, all insects hide from the cold - therefore, birds that feed exclusively on this type of food have to fly to warmer climes. This group includes (we show pictures and study birds that migrate from one climate zone to another):

The flycatcher is an inconspicuous-looking, but very agile bird. It catches its prey on the fly, stalking it from an open hill or other elevated area.

The garden warbler is a vocal bird that loves to organize night concerts, imitating the voices of other birds. It feeds exclusively on insects.

The starling is a well-known inhabitant of the children's numerous spring new buildings - birdhouses. It tries to settle close to humans, as it loves to eat fruits, grains and worms thrown to the surface of the earth during plowing. Sings well and can imitate the voices of other birds.

Swallow - previously lived in rocky areas, but has adapted well to life in the city. It is one of the dexterous hunters, capturing prey - insects - right in the air. A distinctive feature of swallows is the ability to build unique nests under the canopy of the roof of a building. These nests are formed from lumps of earth, which are glued together by the bird's sticky saliva. Soft bedding is placed inside - grass, wool. A pair of swallows can return to one nest for several years in a row, repairing it if necessary.

The Robin is a bright bird that prefers to live on the surface of the ground, in thickets of grass or low bushes. It moves by jumping, looking for worms, snails and other insects. Considered one of the most vocal singers.

The Shrike is a quiet bird that loves to feast on large insects. To make the prey easier to eat, she impales it on plant thorns or barbed wire, and then plucks off small pieces.

The lark is one of the loudest representatives of birds, living in open areas. Its color helps it camouflage itself from predators by blending into the general background of the grass and soil. Unlike other migratory birds, it feeds on the seeds of grass and cereals (wheat, rye, buckwheat, millet), which in winter cannot be obtained from under the snow cover.

The kingfisher is a small bird that lives near bodies of water. A fisherman by nature, he feeds on small fish, frogs, freshwater shrimp and aquatic insects (he can eat about a dozen small fish a day). Forced to fly away in winter because water bodies freeze over at this time.

Wintering birds pictures for children

But birds, whose diet is more varied and unpretentious, can constantly live in the same place. These include:

The woodpecker is a famous forest pest fighter. By extracting larvae and harmful insects from under the bark of trees, he thereby builds houses (hollows) for other birds and small animals - tits, flycatchers, squirrels. It feels great in the winter forest because insects go into torpor and it becomes easier to get them out.

The bullfinch is a handsome red-breasted animal, an inhabitant of forests, gardens and parks. In winter, its bright color makes it more noticeable, so there is a misconception that bullfinches arrive in our region only with the onset of cold weather. It feeds on seeds, buds and some insects. Of berries such as rowan and viburnum, only the seeds are eaten away, leaving the pulp.

Shchur is a close relative of the bullfinch, a singer by nature. It loves the seeds of coniferous trees, so in winter, uniting in flocks, the gar travel through coniferous forests, collecting crops.

The sparrow is one of our most well-known neighbors; it feeds on any plant food that it can find near human habitation: cereals, berries, tree buds and food waste. In winter, it needs human help.

The tit is a forest nurse who helps trees get rid of insect pests. In summer it feeds exclusively on insects, but in winter it willingly eats sunflower seeds, meat and dairy products discarded by humans.

The crow is a noisy omnivorous bird that loves to steal eggs or prey from other animals and birds. In winter, it often looks for food in landfills and garbage dumps.

The waxwing is a taiga resident with a unique wing color: the tips of the largest feathers on them are painted bright red, which is noticeable only upon close examination. Lives in large flocks, in summer feeding on insects (catches them in flight), berries and young shoots, and in winter on berries remaining on the surface, including rowan. Therefore, in the cold season, it often moves to country and garden areas.

The pigeon is a favorite of children and adults, who often pamper it with seeds and pieces of bread in squares and parks. It eats mainly plant foods, but in the summer it does not refuse insects. It differs from other birds in its ability to drink water, sucking it in, as a person does through a straw, while other birds have to take a few drops of water into their beak and tilt their head up so that the liquid gets inside.

The nuthatch is a small forest dweller that, in search of its main food - insects - climbs back and forth along tree trunks, including upside down. Closer to autumn, he switches to plant foods - seeds and fruits. It loves nuts and acorns, from which it extracts the core by boring a hole with its beak. It makes reserves from seeds, hiding them in crevices of tree bark and covering them on top with pieces of moss and lichens.

It has been experimentally established that they cannot stay in the air for more than 15 minutes. If you don't allow the birds to perch, they will drop dead. This was the case in the middle of the last century in China. Considering sparrows to be pests, the authorities declared “war” on them. The birds could not avoid reprisals.

Migratory birds act differently. They are able to save themselves not only from human wrath, but also from frost. Without rest, birds fly hundreds of kilometers. The goal is the south with an abundance of food and warmth. However, migratory birds can become sedentary.

In England this spring, swallows flew a month and a half later than usual, and several other bird species completely refused to move. The reason is the increase in average annual temperature. Over the past decade, it has increased by 1 degree. Russia has not yet been affected by climate change. The list of migratory birds in our country remains the same.

Wood Accentor

It is confused with the forest pipit, warbler, and warbler. The Accentor is one of those birds that only ornithologists know, although it is common in forests. Hunters come across birds along with goldfinches and buntings.

The bird's appearance is inconspicuous. The plumage is brown-gray. The size is small. The body weight of the Accentor does not exceed 25 grams. Many people confuse a bird with a sparrow. There is a deal of truth in it. Accentor belongs to the order Passeriformes.

The Accentor feeds on insects. This prompts the bird to fly south. However, the bird stays until the coldest weather and returns early in the spring. True, this backfires on the Accentor. Having arrived, the bird immediately lays eggs. There is no vegetation yet. It is impossible to hide the masonry. The eggs are eaten by predators. Chicks hatch only from the second clutch.

The Accentor's tolerance to cold is reinforced by its ability to change its protein diet to a plant-based diet. Instead of insects, the bird can eat berries and seeds. Therefore, in regions with a temperate climate, dunnocks do not fly away at all. Birds from the northern regions of the country are flocking to the south.

Few people know the Accentor, it is very similar to a sparrow, and is often confused with a more familiar bird

Reed Bunting

Outwardly, it also looks like a sparrow and also belongs to the passerine order. The bird prefers to settle in the forest-steppes of southern Russia. It looks for thickets of bushes and reeds in them. They serve as a reliable shelter for the bird.

Names of migratory birds, as can be seen, is often associated with external features or those related to nutrition and lifestyle. The last option is relevant for the Orioles. They often settle in willow thickets along the banks of water bodies.

However, linguists and historians associate the name of the bird rather with the word “moisture”. The ancient Slavs considered the oriole a harbinger of rain.

The oriole is considered a harbinger of rain

Crane

Appeared earlier than most birds. The crane family is more than 60,000,000 years old. Representatives of 15 species survived to the 21st century.

Gray herons are shy. Seeing danger, the birds take off from their place. At the same time, herons often abandon their chicks to the mercy of fate. The wren, for example, pretends to be wounded and, at its own peril and risk, carries predators along with it, protecting its offspring.

Fieldfare

This . The bird is active, seems fussy, and constantly repeats “chuck, chuck, chuck.” The characteristic sound gives away the fieldfare. Most often, a din of many voices is created. Pairs of birds nest next to each other. There are usually 30-40 families of fieldfare in a colony.

Listen to the singing of the fieldfare

Birds settle in copses and parks. Approximately half of the individuals survive the winter in Russia, wandering from place to place in search of food. The other half of the blackbirds fly to Asia Minor and northern Africa.

They have developed a unique way of protecting themselves from enemies. The birds spray them with their droppings. This is what blackbirds do, for example, with crows. The latter feast on both fieldfare and their eggs.

Redstart

This is a passerine bird with a red tail. Its brightness is reminiscent of flames. The young ones really have a dull coloration. It becomes bright by the age of one and a half years.

Of the 14 species of redstart, the nigella lives in Russia. With the exception of the tail, she has black plumage. From the south, males return to Russia first to build nests. Birds build them in thickets of bushes, hollows, and on tree branches. When the houses are ready, females and young animals arrive. As a rule, this is the beginning of May.

Redstarts feed on small insects. When the beak is free, the birds sing. It seems that the birds do this continuously. The redstarts managed to attract attention with their singing and coloring. In 2015, the species was declared bird of the year.

In the photo there is a redstart bird

Warbler

A dense bird up to 11 centimeters long. There are 3 species living in Russia. They live everywhere except the Far East and Yakutia. In other territories, warblers make nest-huts.

Warblers have a pleasant voice timbre. Males especially love to sing during the nesting period. Trills are interspersed with whistling. You can listen to them at home. are easily tamed. In captivity, birds live up to 12 years. In nature, the age of birds is 2-3 years.

Without being domesticated, the warbler flies south in mid-September. Birds return by early April.

Deryaba

Refers to blackbirds. The species is also called the great gray. Not all individuals fly south. Those who dare to stay switch in winter from protein food in the form of larvae and insects to frozen berries.

Deryaba is timid. Therefore, it is difficult to see the bird in nature, even though it is feathered and the size of a dove. The deryaba is the largest of its kind.

Mistle Thrush

Nightingale

Songs spread through the forests when they become covered with leaves. Before the greenery appears, the birds do not trill, although they arrive in Russia earlier. As a rule, birds return 6-7 days before nature blooms.

Listen to the nightingale trill

Love for the nightingale is expressed in folk tales, monuments and museums dedicated to the bird. In Kursk, for example, there is an exhibition “The Kursk Nightingale”. This museum contains crafts depicting birds and books about them. In publications you can read that nightingales build nests near water in bushes or among enemies.

Nightingales feed exclusively on pests of fields and forests. Caterpillars and beetles get into the stomachs of birds. Songbirds are not ready to switch to plant foods, so in the fall they rush to warmer climes.

In total, about 60 species of migratory birds nest in Russia. Many of them are subspecies of one bird, as is the case with the warbler. In preparation for departure, the birds eat to their fill. You need to stock up on energy, because it’s not always possible to refresh yourself on the road.

If the journey is difficult and there is little preparation for it, migratory flocks may die. Thus, thousands of swallows do not return to their homeland every year. Having perished along the way, they forever remain a symbol of courage, the desire to explore new horizons no matter what.

Ruppel's griffon vulture flies at 11,300 meters. This is the highest flying bird. However, Ruppel's vulture, named after the German zoologist, is not migratory. The feathered creature lives, although in the north of the continent, in Africa. There is no need to “run” from the cold.

It is from them that all migratory birds hide. Some of them are afraid of the frost itself. Others cannot feed themselves in the absence of insects. Among migratory birds, by the way, there are also record holders for flight altitude. Some flocks cannot be seen from the ground.

Gray crane

Most part of time migratory birds They stay at an altitude of approximately 1500 meters. Periodically, cranes land and rest. Among flying birds, gray birds are the second in size and weight.

The first place is shared by the swan, condor, and albatross. Each of the trio gains a mass of about 15 kilos. The weight of the gray crane is approaching 13 kilograms.

The Himalayas stand on the migration route of gray cranes. You cannot jump over them at an altitude of 1500 meters. Here the cranes climb 10.5 kilometers. The gray crane is listed in the International Red Book.

The population size has been “decimated” by intensive human economic activity. Birds are dying from pesticides and also not finding places to nest, because the swamps beloved by cranes are being drained.

mountain goose

Gains almost 9 km altitude. This is how a bird jumps over Mount Everest. The air above him is thin. Therefore, the bar-headed goose has voluminous lungs. They are 2 times larger than those of other geese. Externally, the mountain goose differs from its relatives in two black stripes running from the eyes to the back of the head.

The head itself is white. There are brownish feathers on the neck and chest. The body of the bird is predominantly gray. There are about 15 thousand mountain geese in the world. Therefore, the species was given conservation status.

Whooper swan

Among swans, he is the most numerous and one of the largest. The bird weighs 13 kilograms. At the same time, the swan rises to 8300 meters into the sky. Snow-white whooper swan. The tundra swan is also completely white, but it is smaller. There are also completely black birds with a black neck,

Not all whoopers fly south in winter. Birds remain if there is enough food and it is relatively warm. Accordingly, swans that settle near the thermal power plant often lead a sedentary lifestyle. There are bodies of water there that remain warm all year round.

Mallard

This duck prefers to winter in Spain. Some mallards, like mucking swans, lead a sedentary lifestyle if conditions permit. In cities on rivers blocked by hydroelectric power stations, ducks are fed, and in warm water there are plenty of fish, crustaceans, and algae.

In flight, the mallard rises to 6.5 thousand meters. A flexible neck helps in flight. It has 25 vertebrae. A giraffe has 2 times less.

Godwit

During flights, he reaches an altitude of 6.1 kilometers. The Godwit travels 11 thousand kilometers without landing. This is the path over the Pacific Ocean. The godwit weighs about 300 grams. With a low mass and typical fat burning during movement, the bird should not fly 11 thousand kilometers without landing.

This is inevitable death. The Godwit bypasses it, emptying its intestines before flying. During it, the digestive organs atrophy. The advantage is economical energy consumption. During an hour of flight, the bird loses only 0.40% of its body weight. Most small birds take 1.5-2%.

The aerodynamics of its body contribute to its even longer flight. When scientists studied the flight duration of birds, a couple of females were implanted with transmitters, and the males were simply attached to their bodies. The males died during the flight. The transmitters reduced the aerodynamics of godwits in flight.

White stork

Migratory bird routes extend between Europe, Asia and Africa. The birds spend the winter in the latter. In flight, the stork rises 4.9 thousand kilometers. Birds move in flocks. Each contains about 1 thousand individuals. In addition to the white stork, there are 6 more species. Not all are migratory. The marabou stork, for example, is sedentary.

song thrush

It does not differ in flight altitude, but it develops a respectable speed - up to 24 meters per second. The song thrush is a passerine and therefore small. The bird's body length does not exceed 28 centimeters. The weight is approximately 50 grams.

Externally, the song thrush is distinguished by its gray plumage, rounded wing edges, rectangular host, short legs and beak. The feathered eyes are also set on the sides of the head. Therefore, in search of food, the thrush tilts it not forward, but to the side.

Robin

Migratory birds are flying at a kilometer altitude in splendid isolation. Robins do not roam in flocks. However, birds also stay solitary on the ground. The robin is smaller than a sparrow and belongs to the thrush family. The bird is distinguished by its anthracite-black eyes and beak. Olive-gray plumage. The breast and front part are reddish-red.

Robins are found in cities because they are not afraid of people. However, birds are poorly tamed. Therefore, you won’t find melodiously singing robins, related to nightingales, on sale.

Oriole

It makes flights at an altitude of about a kilometer. In an hour, the oriole covers 40-45 kilometers. In addition to speed, flight is distinguished by the wave-like nature of its movement. The oriole is slightly larger in size than the starling. However, the bird is noticeable from a distance because it is brightly colored.

There are fully and partially yellow varieties of willow. The color is golden, rich. Migratory birds in autumn travel from Europe to Africa. There the birds stop at the southern tip of the Sahara.

forest pipit

This 15-centimeter bird is not found only at the poles. In warm areas, pipits lead a sedentary lifestyle. The other population is migratory. There are about 40 species of skates in nature.

The differences between them are slight. Sometimes even ornithologists get confused in identifying a bird. The differences between the sexes of skates are also blurred. Each species has a distinct way of singing. It is used to identify skates. But they rarely sing when ordered.

Lark

Group of migratory birds stays at an altitude of 1900 meters. The flight is fast. Body structure helps. The lark's tail is short, and the wings are large and sweeping for a 70-gram bird. The lark's plumage imitates the color of the soil. In chernozem areas the birds are dark, and in clayey areas they are reddish.

This allows them to camouflage themselves while searching for food on the ground. Larks are among the first to return from warmer climes, heralding the arrival of spring. In warm winters, birds arrive by the end of February.

Lapwing

It flies low, but is distinguished by its maneuverability. Therefore, lapwings are rarely shot by hunters. Birds deviate from the shot. There are more than 20 species of lapwings. They belong to the plovers family. Among their relatives, lapwings are the largest.

In Russia, for example, the lapwing, about 30 centimeters long, nests. The bird weighs 250-330 grams. Most lapwings have crests on their heads. The exception is the soldier's look. Its representatives are also the largest, weighing 450 grams.

Martin

Swallow is another answer to the question, what birds are migratory. The flocks move south at an altitude of about 4 thousand meters. However, swallows do not differ in speed; they cover no more than 10 kilometers in an hour. Swallows are birds of the passerine order. The name of the bird comes from the common Slavic word “lasta”. The verb denoted flights back and forth.

There are 4 types of swallows. The black plumage of the tree has a purple tint. The ground swallow is brown-gray with a white belly, breast, and fragments on the neck and head.

Village birds are distinguished by their blue-black backs and wings. The abdomen is pinkish. Representatives of the urban species are similar to the village ones, but with a whitish chest.

Wood Accentor

This is a passerine bird, weighs 25 grams, and is inconspicuous in appearance. Accentor is mistaken for warbler, tree pipit, warbler, lark and the same sparrow. Usually only ornithologists can accurately identify the species.

Accentor may refuse to fly when living in warm and temperate regions. Birds of the species have adapted to replacing a summer diet of insects with a winter diet of plant debris, berries, and nuts. A shortage of plant foods in winter is observed only in the northern regions. From there the Accentors fly south.

Black swift

It is not only migratory, but also the most flyer; it may not sit on the ground for 4 years. Wings that are disproportionate to the body help. Their span is 40 centimeters. The body length of the black swift does not exceed 18 centimeters.

Fifty-gram swifts differ not only in their wingspan, but also in their life expectancy. Little ones often pass away in their 30s. For miniature birds, this is almost the limit of longevity.

Wren

It is one of the smallest birds on the planet. The wren competes with hummingbirds and kinglets for the palm. The wren does not exceed 12 centimeters in length and weighs about 10 grams. Externally, the bird is dense, round, with a short neck.

There are several types of wrens. In warm regions, birds live all year round. However, sometimes it’s not the weather that gets in the way of life. This is how the New Zealand wren disappeared. There were no land predators in the territories he occupied, in particular Stevens Island.

The lighthouse was rebuilt. A caretaker was appointed there. The man brought with him a cat named Tibbles. The cat single-handedly wiped out the New Zealand wren population. Now this view can only be seen in photographs and paintings.

Reed Bunting

Otherwise called reed. The sixteen-centimeter birds with a brownish-variegated coloration can easily hide among the reeds. Reed bunting weighs about 15 grams. Long flights with such a mass are difficult. Therefore, if the weather permits, buntings lead a sedentary lifestyle.

When winter forces them, birds migrate, that is, they move within one region or country. Only a third of buntings are migratory in the classical sense, traveling to other states, to other continents.

Klintukh

This is a wild pigeon. He has a dark lower back. This distinguishes the clintukh from brown and rock pigeons. They prefer to live in flat areas. Clintukhi are more often found in mountainous areas, far from people.

During flights, clownfishes stay in flocks, often but powerfully flap their wings, and move at a speed of about 30 kilometers per hour.

Finch

Not all migratory birds are preparing for a long journey. Part of the finches population is sedentary. In particular, birds live year-round in the foothills of the Caucasus. If finches fly away for the winter, they go not to Africa, but to Europe. There, birds are attracted to the Mediterranean region.

The finch is a finch and is the same size as a sparrow. The color of the head and neck of the bird is blue-blue. The finch's forehead and tail are black. The chest, throat and cheeks are red-burgundy. Before flying south, finches molt. The colors become faded. In winter, finches are rather brown.

Tiemaker

Refers to plovers. This is the genus. The same family belongs to the Ringed Plover. Among them, the bird stands out with a black stripe on its neck. The mark resembles a tie. The forehead, throat, breast, underwings and belly of the ruffed one are white.

The rest of the plumage is brownish-smoky. The beak and paws of the ruffed lizard are yellow, but become dull as they fly away to warmer regions. The colors of the feathers are also fading. The cheeks, in particular, become brown, and the back darkens.

Fieldfare

This is a large representative of thrushes. The bird has a gray head and rump. The back of the bird is brown. The tail of the fieldfare is black. In flight, the fieldfare has visible white armpits. Birds demonstrate them when moving to northern Africa and Asia Minor for the winter.

Redstart

The fifteen-centimeter passerine bird has many subspecies. In Russia there are 3: Siberian, nigella and garden. The latter loves deciduous trees with hollows. The Siberian redstart, on the contrary, prefers to settle in coniferous forests. Chernushka gravitates towards mountain landscapes.

The bird is called a redstart because it has an orange-red tail. The belly, chest and sides are colored to match it, and the upper body is gray with brown and white splashes. In autumn, redstarts flock to Africa and the Arabian Islands. There birds find insects - their food supply.

Nightingale

The bird is uniformly brown, the size of a sparrow. Melodic singing adds beauty. It is impossible to hear it in winter - the nightingales fly south. Nightingales arrive at the moment the first leaves bloom.

The birds accompany him with trills day and night. As the sun sets, the sounds of the forest fade away for the most part. Therefore, the nightingale’s singing can be heard especially clearly.

Warbler

The warbler is smaller than a sparrow. The body length of the bird does not exceed 13 centimeters. The wingspan is 17 centimeters. The feathers of the bird are brownish-sandy, with an olive tint in some places. The warbler is also distinguished by a thin, shield-shaped beak. It is black, like the feathered paws.

Wryneck

Belongs to woodpeckers. Most of them gouge holes in trees for nesting. The whirligig uses the hollows of its relatives. The whirligig has a long and flexible neck. She is constantly spinning.

Hence the name of the bird. She twists her neck, looking for insects and defending herself. Enemies confuse the bird with a snake. To make it even more convincing, the whirligig has learned to hiss.

Coot

Coots - black migratory birds. They are from the rail family and lead a waterfowl lifestyle. There is a leathery growth above the coot's beak. He is featherless. It turns out that the bird has a bald forehead. Hence the name of the species.

The leathery growth of young coots is red. In adult birds, the formation turns white. The iris of the eyes remains scarlet.

The length of the coot is about 40 centimeters. The bird weighs 0.5 kilograms. Sometimes one and a half kilogram specimens are found. The coot goes to warmer climes after the first frost. The “impetus” for flight is ice on water bodies. This makes it difficult to catch fish and eat algae.

Tern

She has a bright orange beak and legs. The tern has a black cap on its head. Below it is white plumage, turning gray to the tail. The length of the tern is about 30 centimeters. The bird weighs on average 130 grams.

The tern settles in inland waters. Birds move 100 miles away from the coastline. This is approximately 182 kilometers.

Cuckoo

It is also migratory. Therefore, you can turn to the cuckoo with a certain question only in the warm season. Then the birds go to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Indonesia, Indochina, and Ceylon.

The cuckoo's flight altitude varies between night and day. During daylight hours, birds are several hundred meters above the ground. It's easier to find food here. At night, cuckoos fly at a kilometer altitude.

Cuckoos hardly make any stops along the way. The final destination is selected depending on the place of summer stay. So, from Europe, cuckoos prefer to migrate to Africa. The birds of the eastern regions fly to Asia.

The first of the migratory birds to leave their homes are insectivores. Then those that feed on fresh herbs, seeds, and fruits fly away. Waterfowl are the last to set off. The size pattern also works. Large birds stay in nesting areas longer. Small birds fly south with the first days of autumn.

In winter, our feathered friends - wintering birds - are cold and hungry. We will talk about them in our Internet lesson on the world around us.

Let's figure out what kind of birds there are.

Migratory- birds that, with the onset of cold days, fly to places rich in food,
Wintering(sedentary) - those of our feathered friends who stay with us for the winter.

What birds winter in our forests?

Crossbill

The bird got its name from its beak, which resembles ticks. Crossbills feed on spruce and pine seeds all winter. The seeds of these plants ripen by winter. This means that the most food for crossbills is available at this time of year. Therefore, these birds hatch their chicks in winter. There is snow and frost all around, and there are babies in the nest. But the cold is not scary for them, because they are always full.

Bullfinches

Because of its ability to appear with the first snow, it was called the bullfinch. Most often in photographs or paintings these birds are depicted sitting on rowan branches. Its berries are their favorite food. Moreover, they do not eat the pulp, but only peck out the seeds. Because of this, gutted red crumbs of berries are always scattered on the snow under the tree. In winter, bullfinches eat the seeds of alder, maple, ash, hornbeam, and elderberries. In the summer, in the fields, they feast on the seeds of quinoa, burdock, horse sorrel and other herbs.

Woodpecker

Who among us has not heard the tireless drummer of our forests, the woodpecker, knocking and hammering on wood? But you can recognize a woodpecker not only by its knocking, but also by its characteristic cry, similar to “ki-ki-ki.” Everyone calls him the forest doctor because he heals trees - he pulls out harmful insects and their larvae from the trunk and from under the bark. With its cone-shaped sharp beak, the woodpecker chisels the bark of a tree every hour. It makes a funnel up to 10 cm deep and takes out the insect with its sticky tongue. The tongue is long, up to 4 cm.

Waxwing

You will see this bird here only in winter - it flies to us for the winter from the north. You recognize her by her beautiful plumage, large crest and sharp, loud voice. The waxwing got its name from the sounds it makes when singing: svi-ri-ri. In winter, their main food is the berries of rowan berries, viburnum, rose hips, lingonberries, and indeed any berry bushes. Waxwings eat a lot and fill their stomachs tightly. But most of these berries are not digested, so in winter the place where the crested beauties feasted is easy to recognize. Under a bare tree, the snow is strewn with bright spots of semi-digested berries with seeds and peeled peels.

Sparrow

The sparrow is one of the most famous birds that live in the vicinity of human habitation. Here it finds good conditions for nesting and plenty of food; it nests in separate pairs, sometimes in colonies. Sparrow nests can be found in crevices of buildings, in burrows in clay ravines, and in tree hollows. The bird may also occupy the birdhouse and swallow's hole. Sparrows feed on seeds. They love hemp, sunflower, and wheat grains, but they will also peck bread crumbs. Watch how skillfully they fight in the yard with pigeons for their piece of bread.

Pigeon

Perhaps the most famous bird for city residents is the pigeon. These birds are so accustomed to life in the city that they are not at all afraid of people, often taking food directly from the palm of a person. In addition to seeds and bread, pigeons eat various grains, seeds, plants, and berries. Pigeons also drink a lot of water to soften solid food faster. These birds find places where they can hide from the cold, but at the same time fly out every day in search of food. Most often, the attics of residential buildings serve as such a refuge for them. In winter, it is very difficult for birds to find something to eat, and without food it is difficult for them to cope with the frost, so we must not forget about them and periodically feed the birds during the cold season so that they do not die.

Tit

The tit is a very active and fidgety bird: it won’t sit still.Its beak is sharp and strong, and its legs are very tenacious, which allows the bird to cling to a branch and hang upside down.He sings loudly: “Hin-hsin, ping-ping,” and can whistle and crackle. For her singing, she received the name “titmouse”.Tits make their nests in hollows, mouse holes, various crevices and voids. Tits live everywhere: in forests, mountains, villages, parks and gardens. In winter, tits fly closer to humans. These birds eat everything: grains, cereals, bread crumbs, pieces of meat, lard and even cottage cheese.

Magpie

Magpie lives in the forest. The nest is made from branches high up in a tree. A magpie flies through the forest - chirps, but flies up to the nest - falls silent, does not want to show it to anyone.The magpie finds different food for itself: it eats beetles, larvae, caterpillars, it is very fond of bird eggs, and steals them from the nests of other birds. For this they called her the thief magpie. He catches forty mice, frogs, and can even drag away a chicken.The magpie finds food at any time of the year; it is not afraid of winter. In winter, beetles and larvae do not appear, they hide from the cold under the bark of trees, and there are no eggs in bird nests in winter. So a magpie flies from the forest closer to the people.

Crow

. The crow is an omnivorous bird.All kinds of food waste are the usual and favorite food of crows, so large concentrations of these birds are often observed in city landfills. The crow feeds on insect larvae swarming in the dung. In the absence of animal food, the crow eats plants and their seeds, fruits and vegetables. A modern city crow can unseal a carton of milk, crack a walnut, soak a cracker in a puddle, or open a tin can. INsevere frosts, you can see huge flocks of them flying from place to place.The lifespan of a crow in nature is 15-20 years.

Test your knowledge about wintering birds

http://LearningApps.org/1216046 Birds of our region 1st grade

http://LearningApps.org/1141459 Mosaic

http://LearningApps.org/1891928 Wintering birds

Why you need to feed birds in winter

Feed the birds in winter.
Let it come from all over
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.
Their food is not rich.
I need a handful of grain
One handful -
And not scary
It will be winter for them.
It’s impossible to count how many of them die,
It's hard to see.
But in our heart there is
And it's warm for the birds.
How can we forget:
They could fly away
And they stayed for the winter
Together with people.
Train your birds in the cold
To your window
So that you don’t have to go without songs
Let's welcome spring.

Bird canteen

Watching birds in the winter dining room

You can not only feed the birds, but also watch them. And write down all your observations, i.e. try yourself as an ORNITHOLOGIST.

Questions to help you bird watching.

You can write by day which birds fly to the feeder.
How they behave, do they quarrel with each other, do they drive other birds away from the feeder.
What do they prefer from food?
Do they fly in flocks or alone?
What time do birds fly to the winter dining room?
Do they eat food directly in the feeder or grab a grain and fly away to another branch?

V. Bianki

He who is full is not afraid of the cold http://www.miksike.net/documents/main/lisa/teksty/golodno.htm

V. Bianki

Forest newspaper No. 12. Month Wait until spring.

Video about wintering birds

Wintering birds

https://youtu.be/aIQXxL8wRkM

Wintering birds. Educational video for kids

See tables.

List of migratory bird species

1. Gray Heron - Ardea cinerea	30. Fieldfare - Turdus pilaris
2. Buzzard - Buteo buteo	31. Deryaba - Turdus viscivorus
3. Harrier - Circus cyaneus	32. White-browed - Turdus iliacus
4. Hobby - Falco subbuteo	33. Song Thrush - Turdus philomelos
5. Kestrel - Falco tinnunculus	34. Blackbird - Turdus merula
6. Quail - Coturnix coturnix	35. Meadow stonechat - Saxicola rubetra
7. Crake - Crex crex	36. Common redstart - Phoenicurus phoenicurus
8. Coot - Fulica atra	37. Robin - Erithacus rubecula
9. Lapwing - Vanellus vanellus	38. Common nightingale - Luscinia luscinia
10. Tie - Charadrius hiaticula	39. Bluethroat - Luscinia svecica
11. Blackling - Tringa ochropus	40. Garden warbler - Sylvia borin
12. Woodcock - Skolopax rusticola	41. Gray warbler - Sylvia communis
13. Black-headed gull - Larus ridibundus	42. Whitethroat - Sylvia curruca
14. Common tern - Sterna hirundo	43. Black-headed Warbler - Sylvia atricapilla
15. Klintukh - Columbia oenas	44. Willow warbler - Phylloscopus trochilus
16. Common cuckoo - Cuculus canorus	45. Chiffchaff - Phylloscopus collibita
17. Common nightjar - Caprimulgus europaeus	46. Warbler - Phylloscopus sibilatrix
18. Black swift - Apus apus	47. Green warbler - Phylloscopus trochiloides
19. Spinner - Junx torquilla	48. Marsh warbler - Acrocephalus palustris
20. Barn Swallow - Hirundo rustica	49. Garden warbler - Acrocephalus dumetorum
21. City swallow - Delichon urbica	50. Badger warbler - Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
22. Shoreline - Riparia riparia	51. Common cricket - Locustella naevia
23. Sky lark - Alauda arvensis	52. River cricket - Locustella fluviatilis
24. Forest Pipit - Anthus trivialis	53. Gray flycatcher - Muscicapa striata
25. White wagtail - Motacilla alba	54. Pied Flycatcher - Ficedula hypoleuca
26. Common shrike - Lanius collurio	55. Lesser flycatcher - Ficedula parva
27. Common oriole - Oreolus oreolus	56. Finch - Fringila coelebs
28. Wren - Troglodytes troglodytes	57. Common lentil - Carpodacus erythrinus
29. Wood Accentor - Prunella modularis	58. Reed bunting - Emberiza schoeniculus


Birds. Ornithology in pictures. An invitation to the world of birds. Why do birds need feathers and beaks? Why do they fly to distant lands? How should you care for birds in winter? This book was created by people who sincerely love nature: the wonderful writer Nikolai Sladkov and the artist Ruben Varshamov.	Animal world. Migratory and wintering birds of Russia. Thematic dictionary in pictures. Flashcards.	Birds of the world. Dear book.

The book is dedicated to birds living on different continents of the planet. A book on thick cardboard with opening windows, funny drawings and details from the life of birds. Book from AST.	Encyclopedia from Rosman. The book tells about the diversity of the bird world: from huge ostriches that have lost the ability to fly, to small, inconspicuous birds that captivate us with their singing. Birds have mastered all continents and oceans, all earthly elements and landscapes. You will learn a lot of interesting things about the lifestyle, characteristics and habits of many representatives of the class of birds.	Birds. Complete encyclopedia. This book is about loving parents and faithful spouses, skillful builders and thrifty owners, ruthless predators and nectar connoisseurs, great singers and amazing dancers, knights and pirates - about those who conquered the sky millions of years ago.

List of wintering bird species

1. Mallard - Anas platyrhynchos	26. Magpie - Pica pica
2. Rough-legged Buzzard - Buteo lagopus	27. Fieldfare - Turdus pilaris
3. Goshawk - Accipiter gentilis	28. Blackbird - Turdus merula
4. Sparrowhawk - Accipiter nisus	29. Polovinka - Aegithalos caudatus
5. Hazel grouse - Bonasia bonasia	30. Yellow-headed kinglet - Regulus regulus
6. Rock dove - Columba livia	31. Great tit - Parus major
7. Gray owl - Strix aluco	32. Blue Tit - Parus caeruleus
8. Great-footed owl - Aegolius funereus	33. Blue tit - Rarus cyanus
9. Little Owl - Athene noctua	34. Moskovka - Parus ater
10. Sparrow's owl - Glaucidium passerinum	35. Puffball - Parus montanus
11. Zhelna - Dryocopus martius	36. Tufted tit - Parus cristatus
12. Gray Woodpecker - Picus canus	37. Common nuthatch - Sitta europaea
13. Three-toed woodpecker - Picoides tridactylus	38. Common pika - Certhia familiaris
14. Great Spotted Woodpecker - Dendrocopos major	39. Goldfinch - Carduelis carduelis
15. White-backed Woodpecker - Dendrocopos leucotos	40. Common greenfinch - Сarduelis chloris
16. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker - Dendrocopos minor	41. Siskin - Carduelis spinus
17. Gray Shrike - Lanius excubitor	42. Common Redpoll - Carduelis flammea
18. Common waxwing - Bombycilla garrulus	43. Schur - Pinicola enucleator
19. Common starling - Sturnus vulgaris	44. Spruce crossbill - Loxia curvirostra
20. Raven - Corvus corax	45. Pine crossbill - Loxia pyttyopsittacus
21. Hoodie - Corvus cornix	46. Common bullfinch - Purrhula purrhula
22. Rook - Corvus frugilegus	47. Common Grosbeak - Coccothraustes coccothraustes
23. Common jackdaw - Corvus monedula	48. Tree sparrow - Passer montanus
24. Nutcracker - Nucifraga caryocatactes	49. House sparrow - Passer domesticus
25. Jay - Garrulus glandarius	50. Common bunting - Emberiza citrinella

The manual contains 28 subject pictures on cardboard, original poems and riddles for them, and didactic games.

Card index of subject pictures. Issue 9. Domestic, migratory, wintering birds. Eat in ozone.

Migratory and wintering birds. 50 didactic games dedicated to the lexical topic "Migratory and wintering birds." Colored illustrative material is contained in the middle of the manual, can be easily removed from the book and can serve as demonstration or handout material.

Is the bullfinch a migratory bird?

No, not migratory!

Although we constantly see bullfinches only in winter, they are not migratory. In summer they live in forests where there is plenty of food. And in winter, bullfinches begin to fly long distances from forests in search of food and remain to spend the winter in the urban area. Also in winter, bullfinches peck the berries left on the trees, for example, hawthorn or rowan.