Presentation on ecology on the topic "protection and rational use of natural resources." Modern problems of nature conservation Natural monuments of the Chelyabinsk region

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Natural resources and conservation

Lesson objectives Educational: Formation of students' knowledge about natural resources, based on their various classifications. Introduction to protected areas, their types and significance. Developmental: Formation of mental operations: analysis, comparison, conclusions. Formation of skills in working with Internet resources. Educational: Create conditions for the formation of self-education skills based on independent activities. Create conditions for the formation of an ecological culture among students.

People have long known that destroying nature is unprofitable, because humans are dependent on nature. Why are they doing this?

The environment is the totality of natural conditions. Natural resources are components of nature that are used or can be used in human economic activity.

Types of natural resources Mineral (fossils); Land; Climatic; Water; Biological; Space.

Natural resources exhaustible inexhaustible

Exhaustible resources renewable non-renewable

2 1 3 4 5 6 Distribute natural resources according to degree of depletion

Food for thought Biological resources are constantly restored if the conditions necessary for this are maintained, and the rate of use does not exceed the rate of natural regeneration (animals - several years; forests - 60-80 years; soils that have lost fertility - several thousand years). Exceeding the rate of consumption over the rate of reproduction leads to depletion or complete disappearance of the resource

Practical work Description of the features of various types of protected areas Objectives: Identify and characterize the types of protected areas. Get acquainted with the protected areas of the Lipetsk region. Continue to develop skills in working with various sources of information. Equipment: instruction cards, computer, Internet resources, teaching aids.

Progress of work Get acquainted with the educational material about protected areas on the pages of the textbook “Geography of Russia” and “Geography and Ecology of the Lipetsk Region”. Find and review data on the protected areas of your native region on the website of the Administration of the Lipetsk Region and the Wikipedia encyclopedia website on the Internet. Fill out the table. Explain in what type of protected areas the best results in nature conservation can be obtained? Why?

Types of protected areas What problems are solved What economic activities are allowed Examples Reserve Biosphere Reserve Reserve National Park Natural Monument Work performed by:

Summary What are natural resources? What groups are natural resources divided into based on their degree of exhaustibility? What types of protected areas exist in our country and region? What types of protected areas provide the best results in nature conservation? Why? How should people treat the environment in order to preserve it for future generations?

Characteristics of natural resources as part of national wealth Characteristics of natural resources as part of national wealth Protection of water resources Protection of water resources Protection of land resources Protection of land resources Forestry, reserves, national parks Forestry, reserves, national parks Statistics of protection, reproduction of resources of flora and fauna Statistics protection, reproduction of flora and fauna resources Geological - exploration work and mineral reserves Geological - exploration work and mineral reserves

Characteristics of natural resources as part of national wealth Natural resources are studied within the framework of environmental statistics. Environmental statistics are the basis for information support for the creation of cadastres of natural resources (land, water, forest).

Natural resources are classified and grouped according to different criteria: unproduced (gifts of nature), unproduced (gifts of nature) and produced (man-made); by type - aquatic, forest, mineral, etc.; by type - aquatic, forest, mineral, etc.; by purpose - economic, health, etc.; by purpose - economic, health, etc.; by region; by region;

On explored and potential; into explored and potential; according to the degree of exploration; according to the degree of exploration; by type of ownership; by type of ownership; into practically inexhaustible (solar energy, tidal energy, etc.) and exhaustible (renewable and non-renewable). into practically inexhaustible (solar energy, tidal energy, etc.) and exhaustible (renewable and non-renewable).

Renewable natural resources can be restored and reproduced (water, forest resources, atmospheric air, flora and fauna). The possibility of reproducing a certain part of the resources predetermines the need for another grouping: gifts of nature (non-produced assets) and elements of the artificial natural environment (produced assets). Non-renewable natural resources cannot be reproduced and renewed for many generations (land, mineral resources, etc.). Exhaustible Resources

Natural resources studied by statistics are the land fund, forest fund, mineral reserves, surface and ground water. The subject of natural resources statistics are quantitative characteristics: The subject of natural resources statistics are quantitative characteristics: availability; availability; composition, composition, condition and rationality of use of all their components; condition and rationality of use of all their components;

Their changes under the influence of natural processes and anthropogenic, including environmental, activities, their results and associated costs; their changes under the influence of natural processes and anthropogenic, including environmental, activities, their results and associated costs; as well as trends and patterns of all changes identified on this basis. as well as trends and patterns of all changes identified on this basis.

A specific feature of natural resource statistics is that it has a pronounced intersectoral nature. The purpose of statistics is to regularly and timely provide information to government bodies at various levels and all interested economic entities about the availability and condition of natural resources and all components, about their changes to enable rational use of resources. regularly and timely provide information to government bodies at various levels and all interested economic entities about the availability and condition of natural resources and all components, about their changes to enable rational use of resources.

Among other tasks solved by natural resource statistics, it is necessary to highlight: development of a system of indicators and methods for their calculation; development of a system of indicators and methods for their calculation; collection, processing and analysis of information; collection, processing and analysis of information; characteristics of the availability, quality, condition and placement of all components; their valuation; characteristics of the availability, quality, condition and placement of all components; their valuation; study of the dynamics of the volume of resources and reserves involved in economic circulation; study of the dynamics of the volume of resources and reserves involved in economic circulation; assessment of losses of natural resources during their development, extraction, use, etc. assessment of losses of natural resources during their development, extraction, use, etc.

Natural resource potential is the ability of all components of the natural resources of a country, region, world to ensure their own reproduction and restoration, production of products and services, and maintenance of appropriate living conditions for the population.

The irrational use of natural resources as production scales expanded and the barbaric attitude towards them led to their significant depletion in our richest country. The preservation of natural resource potential and its reproduction are to a certain extent ensured by the creation of protected areas, national parks, hunting grounds and farms. Environmental protection activities are also of no small importance.

The development of environmental protection activities is a necessary prerequisite for overcoming the crisis situation in the environment. The environmental crisis is characterized by a contradiction between industrial consumption of natural resources and nature's ability to self-regenerate.

For a positive change in the current situation, the following condition must be met: (a + b) S

The characteristics of the results of environmental activities have their own specifics. The characteristics of the results of environmental activities have their own specifics. This is a special methodological problem in statistics. Natural resources are taken into account by statistics in physical terms. With the development of market relations, the need arose to develop a methodology for the valuation of natural resources.

The current Constitution and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part 1) provide for a variety of forms of ownership of land and other natural resources. The current Constitution and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part 1) provide for a variety of forms of ownership of land and other natural resources. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Subsoil” defines that subsoil within the borders of the territory of the Russian Federation, including underground space, minerals contained in the subsoil, energy and other resources, are state property. Resources extracted from the subsoil (according to the terms of the license) may also be in other forms of ownership. Subsoil areas for federal purposes are given special consideration. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Subsoil” determines that the subsoil within the borders of the territory of the Russian Federation, including underground space, minerals contained in the subsoil, energy and other resources, are state property. Resources extracted from the subsoil (according to the terms of the license) may also be in other forms of ownership. Subsoil areas for federal purposes are given special consideration.

In 1990, the Russian Federation Law “On Land Reform” was adopted; In 1990, the Russian Federation Law “On Land Reform” was adopted; in 1991 – Land Code of the RSFSR. in 1991 – Land Code of the RSFSR. Thanks to which the monopoly of state ownership of land was eliminated in Russia, other forms of land ownership appeared, for example, private ownership of land appeared. Thanks to which the monopoly of state ownership of land was eliminated in Russia, other forms of land ownership appeared, for example, private ownership of land appeared. Of the 5.2 million transactions with land plots in 1999, 90% were transactions for the lease of state-owned land.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation to some extent regulates issues of land circulation, but this is not enough, since civil legislation deals only with property relations and does not take into account the characteristics of land as a natural resource. Land and natural resources are not the fruit of human labor, so there is no type of valuation for them other than market value.

Protection of water resources. Protection of water resources – Protection of water resources is an activity aimed at preserving and restoring water bodies. Water resources statistics is a sub-branch of environmental and natural resources statistics that studies water resources, their composition and condition, the provision of the economy with water resources, water intake, water consumption, water disposal, as well as activities aimed at preserving and restoring water bodies. Water resources statistics is a sub-branch of environment and natural resources statistics that studies water reserves, their composition and condition, the provision of the economy with water resources, water intake, water consumption, water disposal, as well as activities aimed at preserving and restoring water bodies.

The objects of statistical monitoring of water resources are: water users of various water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, underground horizons); water users of various water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, underground horizons); use and loss (discharge) of water, amount of pollutants; use and loss (discharge) of water, amount of pollutants; organization of water protection zones, afforestation, grassing of lands, clearing and dredging, regulation of small river channels. organization of water protection zones, afforestation, grassing of lands, clearing and dredging, regulation of small river channels. The unit of statistical observation in the sub-sector is all legal entities-water users. The unit of statistical observation in the sub-sector is all legal entities-water users.

The condition of water resources depends on the level of treatment of discharged wastewater. There are three types of cleaning: mechanical (primary); mechanical (primary); biological (secondary); biological (secondary); chemical (tertiary). chemical (tertiary).

There are three categories of wastewater entering surface wastewater facilities: normatively (conditionally) clean; normatively (conditionally) pure; regulatory-cleared; regulatory-cleared; contaminated (insufficiently cleaned and without cleaning). contaminated (insufficiently cleaned and without cleaning). When characterizing the level of water pollution, the actual content of a particular pollutant is compared with its maximum permissible concentration (MPC).

The form of statistical observation is statistical reporting and sample surveys. The form of statistical observation is statistical reporting and sample surveys. A summary of data on water resources is produced by economic regions, regions of Russia, regions of the Far North and equivalent territories, cities and sectors of the economy. A summary of data on water resources is produced by economic regions, regions of Russia, regions of the Far North and equivalent territories, cities and sectors of the economy.

The main objects of accounting for water resources statistics are the water resources themselves, their use and protection. The main objects of accounting for water resources statistics are the water resources themselves, their use and protection. The main indicators characterizing: water intake; water intake; water consumption; water consumption; water disposal, discharge of contaminated wastewater into natural water bodies. water disposal, discharge of contaminated wastewater into natural water bodies.

Protection of land resources. Land conservation statistics – Land conservation statistics are a subfield of environment and natural resources statistics. It characterizes the degree of rationality and protection of land resources in terms of their pollution by harmful substances, irrational use, as well as reclamation and restoration of disturbed lands. It also takes into account the damage caused, work to combat water and air erosion, deflation, flooding and waterlogging, salinization, etc.

The unit of statistical observation is legal entities carrying out work related to land disturbance. The unit of statistical observation is legal entities carrying out work related to land disturbance. The form of statistical observation is annual statistical reporting. The form of statistical observation is annual statistical reporting. The summary of statistical data is carried out at territorial and sectoral levels. A summary of statistical data is made in territorial and sectoral sections. The main indicators are the Main indicators are disturbed, reclaimed and waste lands.

According to the international classification, the land fund is distributed according to economic purpose, agricultural areas - according to land, agricultural areas - according to land, soils - according to qualitative composition, soils - according to qualitative composition, lands - according to the degree and sources of pollution. land - according to the degree and sources of pollution. The land report contains the most complete information about land resources. They are used in a generalized form to analyze the structure of the land fund by region.

The amount from the loss of a potential harvest due to land contamination is determined by the formula The amount from the loss of a potential harvest due to land contamination is determined by the formula S = PQ (P1 - P2) where P is the contaminated area of ​​land; Q – volume of agricultural products per 1 hectare of land; P1, P2 – purchase price of agricultural products before and after contamination, thousand rubles/unit. where P is the contaminated area of ​​land; Q – volume of agricultural products per 1 hectare of land; P1, P2 – purchase price of agricultural products before and after contamination, thousand rubles/unit.

Forestry, nature reserves, national parks. Forest resource statistics is a branch of statistics that characterizes the state and protection of the most valuable natural resource and component of the environment. Forest resource statistics is a branch of statistics that characterizes the state and protection of the most valuable natural resource and component of the environment. The objects of statistical observation in forestry are the presence, condition, use, restoration of forests, and measures to care for the forest. The objects of statistical observation in forestry are the presence, condition, use, restoration of forests, and measures to care for the forest. The unit of statistical observation is forestry enterprises, timber industry enterprises and other enterprises and organizations performing reforestation work, regardless of the sources of their financing. The unit of statistical observation is forestry enterprises, timber industry enterprises and other enterprises and organizations performing reforestation work, regardless of the sources of their financing.

The form of statistical observation is annual statistical reporting and data from state five-year forest censuses. The form of statistical observation is annual statistical reporting and data from state five-year forest censuses. A summary of statistical data is produced for economic regions, regions of the Russian Federation, ministries and departments, for the Lake Baikal zone and areas inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North. A summary of statistical data is produced for economic regions, regions of the Russian Federation, ministries and departments, for the Lake Baikal zone and areas inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North. The main indicators of forestry statistics are the forest fund, forested area, reforestation, planting and sowing of forests, various types of logging and protection of forests from pests and diseases. The main indicators of forestry statistics are the forest fund, forested area, reforestation, planting and sowing of forests, various types of logging and protection of forests from pests and diseases.

Forests, depending on their economic importance, location and environmental functions performed, are divided into three groups: Group I – forests of water protection, protective and sanitary-hygienic significance; Group II – forests with a developed transport network, high population density, and having limited operational value; Group III – forests of multi-forest areas, which are mainly of operational importance.

Statistics of protection and reproduction of flora and fauna resources. Statistics of protection and reproduction of resources of the animal and plant world - Statistics of protection and reproduction of resources of the animal and plant world - a subfield of statistics of the environment and natural resources. sub-branch of environment and natural resources statistics. She studies the forms of conservation and reproduction of the resources of the animal and plant world, the forms of conservation and reproduction of the resources of the animal and plant world, the presence and area of ​​nature reserves, the presence of rare and endangered species of animals and plants in them, the presence and area of ​​nature reserves, the presence of rare and endangered species in them animals and plants, biotechnical measures for the conservation and reproduction of wild animals and birds. biotechnical measures for the conservation and reproduction of wild animals and birds.

The unit of statistical observation is nature reserves, game reserves and natural national parks, as well as commercial agricultural and other enterprises and organizations carrying out measures for the protection and reproduction of wild animals. The unit of statistical observation is nature reserves, game reserves and natural national parks, as well as commercial agricultural and other enterprises and organizations carrying out measures for the protection and reproduction of wild animals. The form of statistical observation is annual statistical reporting. The form of statistical observation is annual statistical reporting. A summary of statistical data is produced for Russia, individual regions, areas inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North, nature reserves, ministries and departments. A summary of statistical data is produced for Russia, individual regions, areas inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North, nature reserves, ministries and departments. The main indicators of statistics on the protection and reproduction of flora and fauna resources are nature reserves, hunting areas, natural (national) parks, game reserves and game reserves (except for game reserves). The main indicators of statistics on the protection and reproduction of flora and fauna resources are nature reserves, hunting areas, natural (national) parks, game reserves and game reserves (except for game reserves).

Geological exploration and mineral reserves. Statistics of geological exploration work Statistics of geological exploration work studies indicators that give an idea of ​​the search for exploration of mineral deposits, exploration of mineral deposits, characterizes the state of the country's mineral resource base (volume and composition of mineral resources, the nature of their changes, accounting for newly identified, assessment of the readiness of deposits for industrial development, provision of reserves of existing enterprises). characterizes the state of the country's mineral resource base (volume and composition of minerals, the nature of their changes, accounting for newly identified ones, assessment of the readiness of deposits for industrial development, availability of reserves at existing enterprises).

The objects of statistical observation are work on studying the subsoil on the territory of Russia in order to identify reserves of mineral raw materials for the most important types of minerals of national economic importance. The objects of statistical observation are work on studying the subsoil on the territory of Russia in order to identify reserves of mineral raw materials for the most important types of minerals of national economic importance. The unit of statistical observation is legal entities that are granted the right to conduct geological exploration work. The unit of statistical observation is legal entities that are granted the right to conduct geological exploration work. The forms of statistical observation are annual and quarterly statistical reporting. The forms of statistical observation are annual and quarterly statistical reporting. The data is compiled across Russia, by territory, by large deposits, as well as by departments and associations. The data summary is carried out for Russia, for the territory, for large deposits, as well as departments and associations. The main indicators of geological exploration statistics are the costs of geological exploration, deep exploration drilling for oil and gas, regional geological study of subsoil and mineral reserves. The main indicators of geological exploration statistics are the costs of geological exploration, deep exploration drilling for oil and gas, regional geological study of subsoil and mineral reserves.

In statistics, stocks are studied for almost 100 species. In statistical reporting, balance reserves of mineral resources are reflected in categories A, B, C1, C2 (depending on the degree of their geological exploration). Explored reserves are balance reserves of categories A + B + C1, on the basis of which it is possible to design the construction of mining enterprises. Explored reserves are balance reserves of categories A + B + C1, on the basis of which it is possible to design the construction of mining enterprises. Unexplored reserves, assumed on the basis of data on the features of the geological exploration structure of the study area, are classified as forecast (geological). Unexplored reserves, assumed on the basis of data on the features of the geological exploration structure of the study area, are classified as forecast (geological).

Summary statistical data on mineral reserves are presented in the form of balance sheets by territorial breakdown for each type of mineral raw material and exploration category. Separately, there are indicators of availability of reserves at the beginning and end of the reporting period, availability of reserves at the beginning and end of the reporting period, increase as a result of geological exploration, increase as a result of geological exploration, loss in production, loss in production, losses in the subsoil, losses in the subsoil, write-off of unconfirmed reserves . write-off of unconfirmed reserves. According to the degree of exploration, the reports provide data on explored reserves (A, B, C1) and preliminary estimated reserves (C2). Investments – Investments are cash, targeted bank deposits, shares, shares and other securities, technologies, machines, equipment, licenses, including trademarks, loans, any other property or property rights, intellectual values ​​invested in objects of business and other types of activity in order to generate profit (income) and achieve a positive social effect. Investments

Investment activity: making investments (investing) making investments (investing) a set of practical actions for the implementation of investments. a set of practical actions to implement investments. Investments are classified by: types of investments - financial, investments in non-financial assets; types of investments - financial, investments in non-financial assets; sources of investment - own, attracted; sources of investment - own, attracted; forms of ownership - domestic, foreign; forms of ownership - domestic, foreign; terms – long-term and short-term. terms – long-term and short-term.

The reporting unit in statistical practice when monitoring investment activities: enterprises and customers as investors making financial investments; enterprises and customers as investors making financial investments; contractors who are objects of financial investments. contractors who are objects of financial investments. Financial investments are investments of cash, material and other assets; investment of funds, material and other assets; securities of other legal entities, interest-bearing bonds of state and local loans, authorized (share) capital of other legal entities created in the country, capital of enterprises abroad, etc., securities of other legal entities, interest-bearing bonds of state and local loans, authorized (share) capital of other legal entities created in the country, capital of enterprises abroad, etc., loans provided to a legal entity by another legal entity. loans provided to a legal entity by another legal entity.

Investments in non-financial assets are investments in fixed capital, investments in fixed capital, capital repair costs, capital repair costs, investments in the acquisition of land plots and environmental management facilities, investments in the acquisition of land plots and environmental management facilities, investments in intangible assets (patents , licenses, software products, research and development, etc.), investments in intangible assets (patents, licenses, software products, research and development, etc.), for growth inventories of material working capital. for the increase in inventories of working capital. Net financial investment is the difference between the net acquisition of financial assets and the net incurrence of financial liabilities.

Sources of financing the investment process are: Own funds (profit, depreciation, savings, amounts paid by insurance authorities, etc., other types of assets - fixed assets, land, industrial property, etc.). Own funds (profit, depreciation; savings; amounts paid by insurance authorities, etc., other types of assets - fixed assets, land, industrial property, etc.). Raised funds (bank loans, funds from the sale of shares, charitable and other contributions, etc.; various forms of borrowed funds, including repayable government loans, loans from foreign and institutional investors, bond issues, as well as bills and other funds; funds from the federal budget and budgets of the constituent entities of the Federation; funds from extra-budgetary funds; foreign investments, etc.). Raised funds (bank loans, funds from the sale of shares, charitable and other contributions, etc.; various forms of borrowed funds, including repayable government loans, loans from foreign and institutional investors, bond issues, as well as bills and other funds; funds from the federal budget and budgets of the constituent entities of the Federation; funds from extra-budgetary funds; foreign investments, etc.).

The average market return of all shares circulating on the market (rM) is determined by the formula The average market return of all shares circulating on the market (rM) is determined by the formula where ri is the return of the i-th share (in fractions of one); xi – relative market value of the i-th share, equal to the total market value of all issued shares of this name, divided by the sum of the total market values ​​of all shares present on the market; N is the number of names of all shares available on the market. where ri is the profitability of the i-th stock (in fractions of one); xi is the relative market value of the i-th share, equal to the total market value of all issued shares of this name, divided by the sum of the total market values ​​of all shares present on the market; N is the number of names of all shares available on the market. In this formula, wealth at the beginning of the period is understood as the purchase price of securities, and wealth at the end of the period is the market price of securities at the end of the period with the addition of all income payments on them for the specified period. In this formula, wealth at the beginning of the period is understood as the purchase price of securities, and wealth at the end of the period is the market price of securities at the end of the period with the addition of all income payments on them for the specified period.

Educational:
1. Create conditions for the formation and deepening of knowledge
students about natural resources, based on their various
classifications.
2. Form an idea of ​​protected areas, their types and significance.
Educational:
1. Create conditions for the formation of mental operations:
analysis, comparison, conclusions.
2. Create conditions for developing skills in working with
computer programs.
Educational:
1. Create conditions for the formation of self-education skills
based on independent activities.
2. Create conditions for the formation of an environmental culture

Description of the person:
dependence, thirst for independence,
many needs
17th century French mathematician and philosopher
Pascal Blaise

People have known for a long time that
destroy nature
unprofitable, because a person
dependent on nature.
Why are they doing this?

The environment is
a set of natural conditions.
Natural resources - components
nature that are used
or can be used in
economic activity
person.

Types of natural resources

Mineral (fossil);
Land;
Climatic;
Water;
Biological;
Space.

Organize natural resources into groups
1
4
3
2
5
6

Natural
resources
exhaustible
inexhaustible

Exhaustible
resources
renewable
non-renewable

Exhaustible
resources
renewable
non-renewable
Potentially
renewable

Food for thought

Biological resources are constantly
restored if saved
necessary conditions for this, and the speed
usage does not exceed the rate
natural rebirth (animals -
several years; forests – 60-80 years; soil,
those who have lost fertility – several
millennia).
Exceeding the rate of expenditure over
the rate of reproduction leads to
depletion or complete disappearance
resource

Practical work: Description of the features of various types of protected areas

Goals:
Identify and characterize types of protected areas.
Get acquainted with the protected areas of the Khabarovsk Territory.
Continue to develop skills in working with various sources
information.
Equipment: instruction cards, computer, textbooks??????
Work progress:
1. Read the educational material about protected areas on page ??? textbook
“Geography of Russia” and Geography of the Khabarovsk Territory.
2. Study the material about protected areas presented in the folder “Nature Conservation”,
located on the C drive.
3. Find and read data about protected areas of the Khabarovsk Territory on the website
Government of the Khabarovsk Territory on the Internet.
4. Fill out the table:
5. Explain in what form of protected areas it is possible to obtain the best results in
nature conservation? Why?

Work completed:
Types of protected areas
Reserve
Biosphere
reserve
Reserve
National
park
Monument
nature
What problems are being solved?
What economic
activity is permitted
Examples

Slide 2

Take care of these lands, these waters, even loving every little epic. Take care of all animals within nature. Kill only the beasts within yourself. (E. Yevtushenko).

Slide 3

New lesson words: natural resources and their types; natural environment; rational environmental management; alternative energy sources; protected natural areas.

Slide 4

Natural environment (environment) – a set of natural conditions

Slide 5

Natural resources are components of nature used to meet the material and cultural needs of society.

Slide 6

Environmental management is a complex science that deals with developing solutions to problems that arise in the course of the relationship between society and nature, in which natural properties are extracted from the natural environment. Main directions: preservation and enhancement of natural benefits; maintaining human health and preserving the aesthetic properties of natural complexes is rational (reasonable).

Slide 7

Types of environmental management

1Make a diagram of “Types of environmental management” (p. 222) 2 Which scientists formed the basis of environmental management? rational irrational

Slide 8

Alternative energy sources:

Internal heat of the Earth; Wind; Sun; Ebbs and flows; Surf; Currents.

Slide 9

Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland. M.M. Prishvin

Slide 10

Protected areas-

These are areas of land, water surface, air space above them, where PCs and objects of special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health significance are located. A special regime for nature protection has been established and they have been removed from economic activity.

Slide 11

Fill out the diagram:

Specially protected areas, nature reserves, national parks, nature reserves of the Chelyabinsk region

Slide 12

Red Book of Russia

We must save them! Amur tiger Apollo Golden eagle Muskrat Mandarin duck Snow leopard Bison

Slide 13

Ilmensky State Reserve

Ilmensky State Reserve named after. V.I. Lenin of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is the only mineralogical reserve in the world. Created in 1920, as stated in the decree of the Council of People's Commissars: "In view of the exceptional scientific significance of the Ilmen Mountains in the Southern Urals near Miass...". On the territory of the reserve, the subsoil and the entire complex of wildlife are protected, and they are being intensively studied. Scientific expeditions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, specialists from other countries work annually on the territory of the reserve, and students of Russian universities undergo internships. The uniqueness of the subsoil and wildlife elevate the Ilmensky Nature Reserve to the status of a national treasure. Old building

Slide 14

“Mineralogical paradise”, “Mecca of mineralogists of the whole world”, “natural museum of mineralogical objects”, “standard mineralogical object” - what epithets were given to Ilmen... Indeed, the mineral world of Ilmen is extremely diverse, which is due to the long history of the development of this part of the earth’s crust (2 billion years) and the complexity of its geological structure. The most interesting mineralogical objects are exposed in small mine workings, which are called mines. mine amazonite corundum tourmaline

Slide 15

Slide 16

Biological diversity Ilmen. The flora and fauna of the reserve are unique. This uniqueness is determined by its position on the border of the mountain-taiga zone (from the west) and the forest-steppe zone (from the east). Flora and fauna include many rare species of plants and animals, as well as endemic species Short-eared owl Swallowtail slipper

Slide 17

National parks of the Chelyabinsk region.

Taganay Zyuratkul

Slide 18

Slide 19

Arkaim

ARKAIM - architectural monument ARKAIM ARKAIM (Arkayim), archaeological. complex, including a fortified settlement and adjacent economic sites, a burial ground, and a number of unfortified villages. Name "A." (possibly from the Turkic (Bash.) "arch" ("arka") - "ridge", "back", "base") given by the name of the hill and tract. The complex is located in the Chelyabinsk region (on the territory of the east of Bashkortostan), on the Bolshaya Karaganka river, and its lev. tributary of the Utyaganka River, in the foothill valley in the east. slopes of the Ural mountains. The monument dates back to the 2nd quarter of the 2nd millennium BC. (17-16 centuries BC). Radiocarbon dates are 3600-3900 years ago. The complex has been studied since 1987 by archaeologists. expedition of the Chelyabinsk University under the leadership of G. B. Zdanovich.

Slide 20

Natural monuments of the Chelyabinsk region.

Turgoyak Uvildy

Slide 21

Homework Give specific examples of the influence of the natural environment on various aspects of human life? One of the principles of rational environmental management states: “Neither an individual, nor society, nor science has the right to a constant increase in the share of exhaustible resources used.” Think about the meaning of these words. Are there types of protected areas in the Chelyabinsk region? What components of nature are protected in them?

View all slides

1 slide

2 slide

The role of nature in the life of human society. For humans, as for any other biological species, nature is the environment for life and the source of existence. As a biological species, a person needs a certain composition and pressure of atmospheric air, clean natural water with salts dissolved in it, plants and animals, and earthly temperature.

3 slide

Human influence on nature. As a biological species, humans, through their life activities, influence the natural environment no more than other living organisms. However, this influence is incomparable to the enormous impact that humanity has on nature through its work. The transformative influence of human society on nature is inevitable; it intensifies as society develops and the number and mass of substances involved in economic circulation increases.

4 slide

Human influence on nature. The changes introduced by man have now acquired such a large scale that they have become a threat to disrupt the balance existing in nature and an obstacle to the further development of productive forces. For a long time, people looked at nature as an inexhaustible source of the material goods they needed. However, faced with the negative consequences of their impact on nature, they gradually came to be convinced of the need for its rational use and protection.

5 slide

Nature conservation. Nature conservation is a system of scientifically based international, state and public measures aimed at the rational use, reproduction and protection of natural resources, at protecting the natural environment from pollution and destruction in the interests of existing and future generations of people.

6 slide

Nature conservation. The main goal of nature conservation is to support the dynamic balance of natural processes, preserve the biological diversity of plants, animals, microorganisms, providing favorable conditions for the life of present and future generations of people. Progressive sustainable development of human society is impossible without rational environmental management, which refers to the totality of all forms of exploitation of natural resources and effective measures for their conservation and restoration.

7 slide

Exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources. Naturally, in connection with different historical stages in the development of human society, the problems of using natural resources and nature conservation also change. Man is a relatively young inhabitant of the Earth; he joined its ecological systems about 3.5 million years ago. At that time, the impact of people on the environment was insignificant due to their small numbers.

8 slide

Exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources. About 1.5 million years ago, the number of people did not exceed 500 thousand individuals. People roamed in small groups, collecting edible plants, hunting animals, and catching fish. Traces of their influence were quickly smoothed out by nature as soon as gatherers, hunters and fishermen left their campsites. The first to be domesticated was the wolf, which helped people hunt animals; later, cattle was domesticated, then horses.

Slide 9

Exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources. Approximately 10-12 thousand years ago, under favorable conditions, people switched to a sedentary lifestyle and began to engage in farming. The initial phase of transformation of the natural environment is associated with the development of animal husbandry and agriculture. The growth of transformative activities of human society associated with the development of industry continues to this day.

10 slide

Exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources. So, in the first half of the 20th century. Of particular concern was the very rapid depletion of natural resources and the possible death of humanity due to the complete depletion of ore deposits and oil. Nowadays, threatening environmental pollution, disturbance of natural biocenoses, deforestation, soil erosion, and the disappearance of rare species of animals and plants are in first place. Natural objects and phenomena that people use in the labor process are called natural resources. These include atmospheric air, water, soil, minerals, solar radiation, climate, vegetation, and fauna. According to the degree of their depletion, they are divided into exhaustible and inexhaustible.

11 slide

Exhaustible resources Exhaustible resources, in turn, are divided into renewable and non-renewable. Non-renewable resources include those resources that are not regenerated or are renewed hundreds of times slower than they are consumed. These include oil, coal, metal ores and most other minerals. The reserves of these resources are limited, their protection comes down to careful use. Renewable natural resources - soil, vegetation, wildlife, as well as mineral salts such as Glauber's salt and table salt, deposited in lakes and sea lagoons. These resources are constantly restored if the conditions necessary for this are maintained, and the rate of use does not exceed the rate of natural regeneration.

12 slide

Inexhaustible resources. Inexhaustible resources include water, climate and space. The total reserves of water on the planet are inexhaustible. They are based on the salty waters of the World Ocean, but they are still little used. In certain areas, the waters of the seas and oceans are polluted with oil, waste from household and industrial enterprises, and the removal of fertilizers and pesticides from fields, which worsens the living conditions of marine plants and animals. Fresh water, necessary for humans, is an exhaustible natural resource. The problem of fresh water is becoming more acute every year due to the shallowing of rivers and lakes, increasing water consumption for irrigation and industrial needs, and water pollution from industrial and household waste.

Slide 13

Principles and rules of nature conservation. Economic activity causes numerous changes in nature, the consequences of which must be predicted. In the process of long-term use of natural resources, general principles and rules for the rational use and conservation of nature were developed.

Slide 14

Principles and rules of nature conservation. The first principle boils down to the fact that all natural phenomena have multiple meanings for humans and must be assessed from different points of view. Each phenomenon must be approached taking into account the interests of different branches of production and the preservation of the restorative power of nature itself.

15 slide

Principles and rules of nature conservation. The second principle is the need for strict consideration of local conditions when using and protecting natural resources. It is called the rule of regionality. This is especially true for the use of water and forest resources.

16 slide

Principles and rules of nature conservation. The third principle, arising from the mutual connection of objects and phenomena in nature, is that the protection of one object simultaneously means the protection of other objects closely related to it.