The problem of relationships between people arguments. The problem of respecting other people's work The problem of respecting a person

Essay on the Unified State Exam according to the text:" Among the many shameful acts that I have committed in my life, one is most memorable to me.In the orphanage, there was a loudspeaker hanging in the corridor, and one day a voice was heard from it, unlike anyone else, and for some reason - most likely just the dissimilarity - irritated me..." (ByV.P. Astafiev) .

Full text

(1) Among the many shameful acts that I have committed in life, one is most memorable to me. (2) In the orphanage, there was a loudspeaker hanging in the corridor, and one day a voice was heard from it, unlike anyone else, and for some reason - most likely just the dissimilarity - irritated me. (3) “Ha... Yells like a stallion!” - I said and pulled the speaker plug out of the socket. (4) The singer’s voice broke off. (5) The kids reacted sympathetically to my action, since in childhood I was the most singing and reading person. (6) ...Many years later in Essentuki, in a spacious summer hall, I listened to a symphony concert. (7) All the musicians of the Crimean orchestra, who had seen and experienced in their time, with the glorious, ant-like young conductor Zinaida Tykach, patiently explained to the public what and why they would play, when, by whom and on what occasion this or that musical work was written. (8) They did this, as it were, with an apology for their intrusion into the life of citizens so oversaturated with spiritual values, being treated and simply fattening at the resort, and the concert began with Strauss’s dashing overture in order to prepare listeners overtired by culture for the second, more serious part. (9) But the fabulous Strauss, the fiery Brahms, and the flirtatious Offenbach did not help - already from the middle of the first part of the concert, the listeners, who had crowded into the hall for the musical event only because it was free, began to leave the hall. (10) Yes, if they just left him like that, silently, cautiously - no, they left him with indignation, shouting, and abuse, as if they had been deceived in their best desires and dreams. (11) The chairs in the concert hall are old, Viennese, with round wooden seats, knocked together in a row, and every citizen, rising from his seat, considered it his duty to slam the seat indignantly. (12) I sat, huddled in myself, listening to the musicians strain themselves to drown out the noise and swearing in the hall, and I wanted to ask forgiveness for all of us from the dear conductor in a black tailcoat, from the orchestra members, who work so hard and persistently to earn their honest , poor bread, apologize for all of us and tell us how I was in childhood... (13) But life is not a letter, there is no postscript in it. (14) What does it matter that the singer whom I once insulted with a word, her name is the great Nadezhda Obukhova, became my most favorite singer, that I “corrected” and cried more than once while listening to her. (15) She, the singer, will never hear my repentance and will not be able to forgive me. (16) But, already elderly and gray-haired, I shudder at every clap and rattle of a chair in the concert hall... when musicians with all their strength, capabilities and talent try to convey the suffering of an early-suffered myopic young man wearing defenseless round glasses. (17) He, in his dying symphony, the unfinished song of his aching heart, has been stretching out his hands into the hall for more than a century and pleadingly crying out: “(18) People, help me! (19) Help!.. (20) Well, if you can’t help me, at least help yourself!..”

Everyone has their own business in this life. It seems to me that the work of any person should be respected, be it the work of a carpenter, engineer, teacher or musician. Every diligent and dedicated person to his work is worthy of attention and respect. The problem of impoliteness, rudeness, and indifference towards human labor is raised in this text.

Reflecting on the problem, the author tells us a story about a Crimean orchestra that played for free for vacationers in Essentuki. Most of the listeners did not like the classical works, and people behaved rudely, noisily leaving their seats right during the musical event: “...they left with indignation, shouts, and abuse, as if they had been deceived in the best desires and places.” The lyrical hero felt shame for the behavior of the vacationers, who do not respect the musicians who “... are trying with all their strength, capabilities and talent to convey the suffering of the composer.”

I completely agree with the author. To support my words, I would like to cite a parable that I once heard from my grandmother. The story told about a father who invited his son to throw money honestly earned by the head of the family into the fireplace. The son hesitated, but after his father’s insistence he burned the bills, then the father suggested throwing away the money the son himself had earned. The hero could not, citing the fact that he spent too much effort on earning them. This is how badly we sometimes treat other people’s hard work. The parable makes you think about respect for other people's work.

Undoubtedly, a person’s work evokes respect from others. The hero of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is a true worker. He believes that only back-breaking work can achieve a goal. Bazarov, by birth, is the son of a simple doctor, so he achieved a lot only through his own efforts and boundless thirst for knowledge. Despite controversial views on life and some reckless actions, it is impossible not to feel respect for our hero. So both the yard boys and the servants of the Kirsanov family, with whom Bazarov was visiting, were drawn to Evgeniy, although he did not think of seeking their favor. Indeed, one may not love this hero, but one cannot help but respect him, because work is not easy for anyone.

It seems to me that a person should be judged not only by his own work, but also by how he treats others. The ability to honor the work of others is what truly inspires respect.

(341 words, not including quotes)

After reading many texts, we found the most popular problems regarding old age. All of them will be useful in writing an essay for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The arguments we selected taking into account the specifics of the criteria form the basis of this work. All of them are available for download in table format at the end of the article.

1. A.S. Pushkin in his story “The Station Warden” writes about Samson Vyrin, who was abandoned by his daughter Dunya, leaving with a young officer. The old man really missed her and wanted to take care of her, but the kidnapper of his daughter simply pushed the visiting parent out the door. Some time after the death of the caretaker, some lady came to the grave site with three children and lay there for a long time. After that, she gave a nickel to the brewer’s son, who took her there, and left. This was the same Dunya who could not come to terms with the idea that she had ruined her children’s grandfather with her indifference
2. K. G. Paustovsky in the story “Telegram” writes about an elderly woman Katerina Petrovna from the distant village of Zaborye. She had only one daughter, who lived in Leningrad, and they did not see each other for three years. The old woman didn’t want to interfere, so she almost didn’t get in touch. Her daughter only occasionally transferred money to her. One day Katerina Petrovna asked Nastya to come, but she didn’t have time: she ended up in the village only on the second day after the funeral. The daughter felt guilty before her mother for her lonely old age, and stealthily left the village so that no one would see.

The role of old age in human life

1. The German writer Hermann Hesse wrote in the text “On Old Age” that old age is a new stage in a person’s life. According to the author, people should accept and acknowledge their old age. At this stage, you need to complete a large number of tasks, no less than at a young age. If a person evades them and despises his old age, he will turn out to be an unworthy representative of this stage of life.
2. In L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, the old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky is present. Despite his advanced age, the hero of the work is full of vital energy. He works constantly: writes memoirs, does calculations in higher mathematics, gardens, and looks after buildings. In addition, the prince is interested in what is happening in the sphere of politics and the military situation in Russia. Old age does not at all prevent Nikolai Bolkonsky from leading a busy lifestyle.

The problem of perception of old age

1. The story by K. G. Paustovsky “The Old Cook” describes an elderly man who is seriously ill, and is fully aware and accepts his imminent death. He wants to confess before his death, but does not have the opportunity to invite a priest. Therefore, instead of the worshiper, a simple passer-by comes. He forgives the old cook's sins and even grants him a wish. With the help of music, he helps the dying person see the past. The old man recognizes his name and calmly departs to another world.
2. MM. Prishvin in the story “The Old Mushroom” describes an elderly man who talked about old age. One day his friend was called an old mushroom, and he remembered how he went to the forest. There was a russula, from which the birds and the narrator himself drank after the rain. That is, this mushroom was beneficial, and later had to produce seeds in order to produce offspring. The narrator's companion was also useful, despite his old age.

Disrespect for older generations

1. A.P. Chekhov in the play “The Cherry Orchard” talks about an old servant named Firs, who loved, respected his masters and served them all his long life. One day the residents of the house had to move. They were going to send the elderly man to the hospital, but this was far from their priority. As a result, the gentlemen left, forgetting Firs alone in the boarded up house. There he died.
2. In the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" mentions the protagonist's uncle, who became seriously ill and was dying. Eugene looked after him, but it was a burden to him, and to himself he thought about how tiring such a pastime was. Onegin dreamed of the patient’s speedy death in order to quickly throw off the burden of responsibility and receive an inheritance. The author conveys the following thought of a young man: “What a base deceit to amuse a half-dead.” However, such thoughts smack of cynicism and reveal the petty and selfish nature of the speaker. We, young and healthy, owe our lives and everything we have to these “half-dead” people.

Age inappropriate

1. In I. A. Bunin’s story “Youth and Old Age” we are talking about a Kurd who told a parable to a handsome Greek. The main idea was that a person should perform only his functions, without wasting his life on earning wealth and protecting it. Then he will remain young mentally, and will be old only in body. Kurd argues that you need to maintain your humanity and dignity, then you won’t become grouchy with age.

Everyone has their own thing to do in this life. In my opinion, the work of any person should be respected, be it the work of a janitor, an engineer, a musician or a scientist. Those who work diligently are worthy of attention and respect.

Disrespectful attitude towards people. This is one of the problems raised by the author in the text.

In our society you can often see disrespectful and uncultured attitudes towards people. People who are too lazy to throw their garbage into the garbage chute leave it in the hallways, making life difficult for themselves and their neighbors. Children who want to buy themselves an expensive gadget demand it from their parents, not realizing how hard it was for them to get the money. Teenagers and adults write on walls with paint, damaging architectural monuments and other people's property.

As a child, the hero disrespected the work of the singer, who later became his beloved. In the orphanage where he used to live, there was a loudspeaker, and one day the singer’s voice was heard in it, which annoyed the boy, and then he pulled the plug of the loudspeaker without anyone’s permission. This act became one of the most shameful in the hero’s life.

Many years later he ended up in Essentuki, where a free symphony concert was held. The musicians tried to explain to the public what they would play and what these works were about, but many listeners did not like the classical works; they behaved rudely, noisily leaving their seats during the musical event: “they left with indignation, shouts, and curses, as if they had deceived them in their best desires and dreams.” The hero of the work felt shame for the behavior of the vacationers, who did not respect the musicians who “. . They are trying with all their strength, capabilities and talent to convey the composer’s suffering.”

The author is convinced that one cannot be so indifferent and disrespectful towards the work of other people. By showing disrespect to others, we insult them. "Help!. . Well, if you can’t help me, at least help yourself! . »

Authors of both Russian and foreign literature addressed this problem. In the story “Coraline” by Neil Gaiman, the main character was dissatisfied with her parents, believed that they paid little attention to her, did not want to help them around the house, or obey them. One day, Coraline found a small door in her new house, through which appeared exactly the same world, the same mom and dad. Only instead of eyes they had buttons and they were very kind and caring, they cooked well and were real wizards. The comparison was not in favor of the real world and Coraline began to spend a long time visiting her new parents. But the truth turned out to be terrible, another world was created by a witch who wanted to lure Coraline and deprive her of the opportunity to communicate with her real parents. At the end of the story, the main character realized that she loves her mom and dad for who they are, and she doesn’t need anyone else.

Also, in the novel “The Martian Chronicles,” Ray Bradbury describes the story of the fascinating discovery, rapid settlement and ruthless robbery of the planet Mars by earthlings. People who arrived from Earth and wanted to populate Mars do not respect the work of the Martians, who built their homes, enriched their culture, developed all the time they lived on the planet, they try to find as much expensive jewelry, precious metals and their deposits as possible, but not in order to help the Martians in their desire to improve the world, but only in order to collect it and take it to Earth, where they can be sold. People disrespect their art, do not enjoy the beautiful architecture and nature that the inhabitants of Mars try to preserve, they only destroy everything in their path in search of expensive loot.

Thus, a person must be judged not only by his own work, but also by how he treats others. The ability to honor the work of other people is something that is worthy of respect.

The focus is on the figure of Emelyan Pugachev - a rebel, a man who opposed the authorities. What prompted him to do this? Why did he not only encroach on the throne himself, but also lead the people with him? How did the people believe the impostor? Why? Under the burden of years, we can forget the historical context in which the idea of ​​​​rebellion was born. People (note, not slaves, not cattle), being in serfdom from their not always humane masters (remember, for example, Skotinin from “The Minor”), were forced to obey their will, unquestioningly listening to every, even delusional, demand. The idea of ​​a good king lived in the heart of every person. A brave, daring, desperate rebel took responsibility and decided to give people freedom, albeit short-lived, albeit ephemeral, but freedom. The degree of his courage can only be assessed by understanding the fairy tale told to Grinev. Pugachev initially knew the final outcome of the events into which he plunged his country. But he was not afraid, did not loot and disappeared. No, he went to the scaffold to prove how inhuman power can plunge a country into the horror of a merciless bloody massacre.

2. A.A. Akhmatova "Requiem"

The poem was written at a time when Stalin's repressions brought the entire country to its knees, when the author of the poem herself stood in line to be handed over to her son, who was condemned as an enemy of the people. The poem was formed from memories and living impressions:

It was when I smiled
Only dead, glad for the peace.

The lyrical heroine draws a parallel between the fate of her contemporary and her old compatriot, whose husband was executed as a Streltsy rebel

I will be like the Streltsy wives,
Howl under the Kremlin towers.

Death stars stood above us
And innocent Rus' writhed
Under bloody boots
And under the black tires there is marusa.

3. M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”

The main character of the novel is the Master, a man living in the terrible time of Stalinist repressions. Having written a novel about Pontius Pilate, he touched upon the problem of a person’s responsibility for a decision made. His main character in the novel The Master, the procurator of Judea, a man invested with almost unlimited power, doubts that he is right. This phenomenon is practically unacceptable for the authorities. For the era of Stalinism, a person in power has no right to doubt that his decision is fair. This means that such a work is a priori harmful. The master is arrested. This act broke him, made him weak-willed. Thus, a person who opposed the authorities found himself outlawed and himself subjected to repression.

4. A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"

The story is dedicated to the fate of a man who found himself in a camp on charges of treason, although his whole fault was that he was in captivity for several days, but came out of encirclement and was ready to defend his Motherland further. However, his action seemed like a betrayal to the authorities. While serving his sentence, Ivan Denisovich carefully preserves his human dignity, he works and complies with all the requirements of the law that prevails in the zone. This is a kind of denial of Shukhov’s guilt. This person is always and everywhere law-abiding. Why is he disliked by the authorities? It’s just that the authorities are looking for enemies, and who is among them today is of little importance.

Sloppiness in clothing is, first of all, disrespect for the people around you, and also disrespect for yourself. It's not about being dressed smartly.

In dandy clothing there is, perhaps, an exaggerated idea of ​​one's own elegance, and for the most part the dandy is on the verge of the ridiculous. You must dress cleanly and neatly, in the style that suits you best, and depending on your age. Sportswear will not make an old man an athlete if he does not play sports. A “professor’s” hat and a black formal suit are impossible on the beach or in the forest picking mushrooms.

How should we evaluate our attitude towards the language we speak? Language, even more than clothing, testifies to a person’s taste, his attitude towards the world around him, towards himself.

There are various kinds of sloppiness in human language. If a person was born and lives away from the city and speaks his own dialect, there is no sloppiness in this. I don’t know about others, but I like these local dialects, if they are strictly maintained. I like their melodiousness, I like local words, local expressions. Dialects are often an inexhaustible source of enrichment of the Russian literary language. Once in a conversation with me, the writer Fyodor Aleksandrovich Abramov said: “Granite was exported from the Russian North for the construction of St. Petersburg and the word was exported - the word in stone blocks of epics, lamentations, lyrical songs... “Correct” the language of epics - translate it into Russian standards literary language is simply to spoil epics.”

It’s a different matter if a person lives in a city for a long time, knows the norms of the literary language, and retains the forms and words of his village. This may be because he thinks they are beautiful and is proud of them. This doesn't bother me. Let him sing and retain his usual melodiousness. In this I see pride in my homeland - my village. This is not bad, and it does not humiliate a person. It is as beautiful as a now forgotten blouse, but only on a person who has worn it since childhood and is accustomed to it. If he put it on to show off in it, to show that he is “truly country,” then this is both funny and cynical: “Look what I am like: I didn’t give a damn about the fact that I live in the city. I want to be different from all of you!”

Flaunting rudeness in language, like flaunting rudeness in manners, sloppiness in clothing, is a very common phenomenon, and it mainly indicates a person’s psychological insecurity, his weakness, and not at all his strength. The speaker tries to suppress in himself with a rude joke, harsh expression, irony, cynicism the feeling of fear, apprehension, sometimes just apprehension. By using rude nicknames from teachers, it is the weak-willed students who want to show that they are not afraid of them. This happens semi-consciously. I'm not even talking about the fact that this is a sign of bad manners, lack of intelligence, and sometimes cruelty. But the same underlying reason underlies any rude, cynical, recklessly ironic expressions in relation to those phenomena of everyday life that somehow traumatize the speaker. By this, rudely speaking people seem to want to show that they are above those phenomena that they are actually afraid of. The basis of any slang, cynical expressions and swearing is weakness. People who “spit words” demonstrate their contempt for traumatic events in life because they bother them, torment them, worry them, because they feel weak and not protected against them.

A truly strong and healthy, balanced person will not speak loudly unnecessarily, will not swear or use slang words. After all, he is sure that his word is already significant.

Our language is a vital part of our overall behavior in life. And by the way a person speaks, we can immediately and easily judge who we are dealing with: we can determine the degree of intelligence of a person, the degree of his psychological balance, the degree of his possible “complexity” (there is such a sad phenomenon in the psychology of some weak people, but I don’t have the opportunity to explain it now - this is a big and special question).

You need to learn good, calm, intelligent speech for a long time and carefully - listening, remembering, noticing, reading and studying. But even though it is difficult, it is necessary, necessary. Our speech is the most important part of not only our behavior (as I already said), but also our personality, our soul, mind...

(D.S. Likhachev)

Composition

The main problem posed by D.S. Likhachev in this text is the problem of a person’s relationship to language. What role does speech play in creating a person’s image? What is behind rudeness, swearing, cynical expressions? These are the questions the author asks.

This problem is very relevant for our modern life. A careless attitude towards words is typical of the younger generation, who have mastered the language of SMS texts and Internet users. This primitive language impoverishes the spiritual world of young people. That is why D.S. Likhachev wants to draw the attention of readers to this problem.

The scientist believes that our language is the most important component of our communication. And a person’s speech often shapes his image in the eyes of others. At the same time, the author does not condemn dialect speech; he understands that this language “does not require correction.” But rudeness, violation of literary norms, cynical expressions, unfounded irony - all these phenomena cause sincere indignation of the scientist. He notes that behind all this is not only a lack of education and lack of intelligence, but also the internal weakness of people, their fear, and vulnerability to life’s phenomena. In the finale, he calls on us to “learn good, calm, intelligent speech.”

Text by D.S. Likhacheva is very bright, imaginative, expressive. Revealing his point of view, he uses a variety of means of artistic expression: comparison (“it’s as beautiful as a now-forgotten braid”), epithet (“recklessly ironic expressions”), rows of homogeneous terms (“The speaker strives for a rude joke, harsh expression, irony , with cynicism, suppress the feeling of fear, apprehension, sometimes just apprehension”).

Violations of the culture of speech are also explored by K. Chukovsky in his book “Alive as Life. Stories about the Russian language". This writer is very concerned about the rapid development of clericalism in our country and the primitiveness of youth jargon. He also believes that such language simplifies our thinking.

Thus, according to S. Lvov, language is closely connected with our thinking, psychology, and way of life. Language forms a person’s image and reveals his inner world. And here I involuntarily remember the words of Socrates: “Speak so that I can see you.”