Psychological tests: sanguine, choleric, melancholic. Who are you by temperament type: complete characteristics and features by age

19.10.2019

The term “temperament” is of Latin origin and translated means “ratio”. The first scientist to define four types of temperament was Hippocrates, who lived in the fifth century BC. He believed that a person contains four fluids: sangius (blood), flegma (phlegm), chole and melas chole (yellow and black bile, respectively). The type of reactions of a particular person, according to Hippocrates, depends on which liquid predominates. In subsequent eras, temperament types were divided into strong and weak. The strong are phlegmatic, and the weak are melancholic.

Sanguine is sociable and active

It is not difficult to distinguish from owners of other types of temperament. This is usually a sociable person who easily adapts to the situation. He is active and has expressive facial expressions. In a sanguine person, mental processes change easily and quickly, so he is almost never in danger of overwork. Sanguine people easily get along with people and calmly part with them. He copes well with any negotiations, but is much less successful in matters that require perseverance and constant effort. The processes of excitation and inhibition in sanguine people are balanced.

A phlegmatic person is not a lazy person at all

In a phlegmatic person, mental processes arise and change slowly. The owner of this type of temperament is generally characterized by low activity. He does not adapt too quickly and does not adapt well to the changed situation. He needs quite a long time for this. Outwardly, his temperament is manifested in the fact that the phlegmatic is inactive, speaks slowly, and his facial expressions are inexpressive. It is not easy to get him out of patience, but the one who succeeds usually regrets it very much later, because stopping a phlegmatic person is just as difficult as rousing him. A characteristic feature of all owners of this temperament is perseverance, perseverance, and the desire to bring what they started to completion. A phlegmatic person is a reliable life partner and business partner who usually strictly complies with the terms of the agreement.

Choleric - a person who is addicted

In a choleric person, mental processes arise and change rapidly. This is a quick-tempered, but easy-going person. He gets carried away easily, but just as quickly loses interest if he fails to achieve immediate success. However, a choleric person, thanks to his assertiveness and desire to invest all his strength in what interests him, often achieves excellent results. He is sharp in communication, proactive, energetic, but a rapid burst of activity very quickly gives way to indifference. Excitement in a choleric person prevails over inhibition.

Melancholic is focused on experiences

Melancholic is a weak psychological type. He is prone to excessively deep experiences even when there seems to be no reason for this. His feelings are stable, but they hardly appear outwardly. In the owner of this type of temperament, inhibition prevails over excitation. The slightest opposition unsettles you. He is characterized by fearfulness and indecisiveness, he is very vulnerable. Owners of this type of temperament prefer individual work to collective work.

The phlegmatic type of temperament is characterized by calmness, resistance to stress, peace of mind, as well as hard work, endurance, ability to make friends, and natural modesty. These and other qualities help phlegmatic people easily get along with people of different temperaments.

Instructions

A phlegmatic person is able to maintain equanimity in almost any stressful situation. You need to try very hard to piss him off, however, if you succeed, then he will completely pour out all the accumulated anger. Therefore, it is better not to shake his state, inert to external stimuli, but instead, simply enjoy communication with a very calm person, which is rare.

He is characterized by passivity in various kinds of matters. A phlegmatic person will prefer routine work that can be done without unnecessary fuss. This also has its advantages: phlegmatic people almost always achieve career growth, while representatives of others experience ups and downs. It can be assumed that in love they rarely show initiative due to their passivity. No, their self-esteem is fine, but at the same time they are childishly modest.

Representatives of this type of temperament have one of the rare qualities - the ability to listen to other people. They are excellent conversationalists because they rarely interrupt and are attentive to detail. Thanks to their calm character and ability to weigh the situation before taking or advising something, they find a common language with hot-tempered choleric people, fickle sanguine people, and sensitive melancholic people. At the same time, phlegmatic people do not strive to be the first to make contact, but they are able to easily maintain acquaintances that once took place.

Phlegmatic people have high intelligence, are diligent and efficient. They can easily spend one or several evenings carefully studying a scientific work or doing complex embroidery. In general terms, phlegmatic people are similar to track and field athletes who choose endurance running rather than short sprint distances. In communication, encourage any of their attempts to offer initiative, pay due attention to their positive traits, and from time to time offer participation in joint meetings, trips, as well as creative and business projects.

Video on the topic

Hippocrates divided humanity into 4 types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic. Choleric is a very energetic person. You can work and live peacefully with such a person, provided you obey him unquestioningly. To create a friendly atmosphere, it is better to fulfill all his requests and desires.

Instructions

To determine the type of temperament, set some task for the subject. If he immediately began to carry it out, without thinking into the details and without making plans, you have a choleric person in front of you.

When achieving a goal, a choleric person will definitely find many allies, because... he has an innate ability to persuade and lead people.

Most likely, your manager at work is choleric, because... They are characterized by the desire to dominate, the ability to correctly assess the situation, and the ability to manipulate others.

Argue with a choleric person. When participating in debates, people of this temperament always defend their point of view to the end, even knowing that they are wrong. Cholerics will never compromise. Possessing great self-confidence, they are not able to hear others and accept other people's opinions. Sometimes they lack a sense of tact.

If you have been communicating with a person of this type of character for a long time, you have never seen him sad or indifferent. Invite him to participate in a charity event, for example, in saving people during disasters, or in holding a political rally; a choleric person will never refuse such an idea.

In any situation, choleric people take the reins of power into their own hands. They are often surprised that other people cannot find the right way to solve a problem. The main thing for this type of people is achieving their goals.

The character is complex in such a way that he does not need friends. He always remains independent of other people's opinions. When a group is needed to achieve goals, he will be happy to work in a team, but only on such conditions as to be the first and the first to achieve the goals.

Please note

Among the famous choleric people are people such as Alexander Suvorov, Peter I, Alexander Pushkin.

One of the four types of human temperament - sanguine, at first glance, is very positive. In fact, cheerfulness, sociability, goodwill, non-conflict - all these character traits are very attractive. But is everything really so good for a sanguine person?

Instructions

A sanguine person is an incorrigible lover of life. And from this love of life come all the derived traits of his character.

He is energetic because he is constantly in search of new sensations and vivid impressions. And this energy manifests itself in everything. Even if he does some hard, unpleasant work, he does it energetically. If only in order to finish it quickly and start getting new, more pleasant impressions.

Temperament- This is an innate, cumulative system of human psychological characteristics. Psychologists distinguish 4 types of temperament: Melancholic, Sanguine, Choleric and Phlegmatic. In its “pure form,” none of the temperaments is found; as a rule, in addition to the predominant, so-called basic temperament, a person combines the traits of two or even three more types of temperament. Throughout life, under the influence of external factors, some traits of temperament may be smoothed out or, on the contrary, become more pronounced, but in general, the predominant type of temperament is laid down at birth.

Hat test)). Determining temperament from a picture.

Try to imagine yourself in the place of the person whose hat was “damaged” and choose the appropriate option without looking at the answers. You are asked to choose a picture from the cartoons, so the situation is a little exaggerated. At the same time, in life we do not always show our temperament and most often we suppress our reactions so as not to “scare” others. So at this point when testing, be honest with yourself.

Answers.

1. Choleric.

2. Melancholic.

3. Sanguine.

4. Phlegmatic.

Figured temperament test.

Choose the figure that is closest to you.

Answers

1. Square - phlegmatic.

2. Triangle - choleric.

3. Rectangle - Mixed type of temperament.

4. The circle is melancholic.

4. Zigzag - sanguine.

Description of temperament types.

Phlegmatic person

Unhurried, unperturbed, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy in the manifestation of emotions and feelings. Has logical judgments. He has a strong, balanced, efficient nervous system, a persistent, persistent worker, he gets things done to the end. Most often he is calm, restrained and constant in his feelings, his mood is even, he rarely loses his temper.
Capable of deep, stable and permanent feelings. Phlegmatic is peaceful, attentive, caring. Moderately talkative, does not like to chat about trifles. Saves energy and does not waste it. Facial expressions, speech, gestures and actions are slow and calm, restrained, emotionally inexpressive. He is thorough, reliable, and distinguished by the depth and constancy of his thoughts.
But a phlegmatic person has difficulty switching from one job to another, “swings” for a long time, does not adapt well to a new environment, is passive (low level of activity), has difficulty developing new habits and behavior patterns, but at the same time they become persistent. He is characterized by lethargy, laziness, indifference to others, and lack of will. Tends to do familiar work in familiar, familiar surroundings.

Choleric

Fast, passionate, impetuous, open, with quick mood changes. Choleric is active, mobile, optimistic, impulsive, but at the same time easily excitable and restless. A choleric person also has a strong nervous system, but he is unbalanced, quick-tempered, irritable, impatient, touchy, and vulnerable.
He may have emotional breakdowns. Due to conflict, he does not get along well with other people. A choleric person easily switches from one task/topic of conversation to another task/topic; he is characterized by sudden mood swings. He is highly excitable, has pronounced emotional experiences, and is unable to control his emotions.
The movements and speech of a choleric person are fast, intermittent, abrupt, impetuous, and impulsive. Prone to exhaustion, because when he is passionate about a task, he acts with all his might. In the interests of society, he is proactive, principled, active, and energetic.
In the absence of spiritual and personal growth, he is affective, irritable, hot-tempered, aggressive, unrestrained, and conflictual.

Sanguine

A lively, hot-tempered, active person, with frequent changes of mood and impressions, with a quick reaction to all the events happening around him, quite easily coming to terms with his failures and troubles. Sanguine is cheerful, friendly, talkative, flexible, and responsive.
He has a strong, balanced nervous system, high performance, while he is active and mobile, easily experiencing failures. He easily communicates with people, quickly gets along with people, switches easily, easily and quickly reacts to what is happening around him. At the same time, he strives for novelty, a change of impressions, is restless, and does not sufficiently regulate his impulses. He has rich, agile facial expressions, fast, expressive speech.
A sanguine person cannot do things that require concentration, attention, perseverance, or patience. He has a rapid change of feelings, but the feelings are shallow, he is prone to inconstancy and superficiality.

Melancholic

A person is easily vulnerable, prone to constantly experiencing various events, he reacts sharply to external factors. A melancholic person is highly impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable, touchy, but at the same time sensitive and empathetic, easily gets along with different people, and is non-conflict.
He has a weak nervous system, increased fatigue, low mental activity, and slowness. He is highly emotional, but tends to experience problems within himself, which leads to self-destruction. His feelings are deep, constant, stable, but at the same time poorly expressed. He has difficulty concentrating on anything for long periods of time.
A melancholic person experiences failures hard and acutely (they often give up), he is timid, shy, anxious, indecisive, unstable to stress, his speech is quiet, slow. He is withdrawn, uncommunicative, quiet, pessimistic, his mood changes easily, but at the same time he is melancholic and reasonable.
In a healthy environment, he is productive and can perform monotonous work that requires attention, perseverance, patience, and concentration. A deep, meaningful person. But under unfavorable circumstances, he becomes anxious, withdrawn, fearful, and vulnerable.

Scientists have noticed that the strongest and most outstanding individuals, as a rule, have a strong character and a pure type of temperament. Thus, O.V. Suvorov, A.S. Pushkin, I.P. Pavlov approached “pure” choleric people. Famous melancholic people: Mozart, Poganini. Sanguine - Yu. A. Gagarin. Many other equally famous people also had pure, or close to pure, types.

Character and temperament are usually quite strongly connected with each other; it depends on them how a person will behave in a given life situation. On our website you can also take a free patented character and temperament test, we hope that this will help you better understand yourself and the people around you. Good luck!

Possible answers to the questions: “yes”, “no”. The first answer that comes to your mind is correct. Write down your answers - "yes" - plus, "no" - minus - on a piece of paper.

1) Do you often crave new experiences in order to experience strong sensations?
2) Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand you, encourage you, and express sympathy?
3) Do you consider yourself a carefree person?
4) Is it true that it is very difficult for you to answer “no”?
5) Do you think about your affairs slowly and prefer to wait before acting?
6) Do you always keep your promises, even if it is not profitable for you?
7) Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?
8) Do you usually act and speak quickly, and do you spend a lot of time thinking?
9)Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?
10) Is it true that you can decide on anything in a dispute?
11) Do you feel embarrassed when you want to meet a person of the opposite sex who you like?
12) Does it happen that when you get angry, you lose your temper?
13) Do you often act under the influence of a momentary mood?
14)Are you often bothered by thoughts that you shouldn’t do or say something?
15) Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?
16)Are you easily offended?
17) Do you often like to be in company?
18) Do you sometimes have thoughts that you would like to hide from other people?
19) Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything in your hands burns, and sometimes you feel very lethargic?
20) Do you prefer to have fewer friends, but especially close ones?
21) Do you often dream?
22) When people shout at you, do you respond in kind?
23) Are you often bothered by feelings of guilt?
24)Are all your habits good and desirable?
25)Are you able to give free rein to your own feelings and have a lot of fun in a noisy company?
26) Do you consider yourself an excitable and sensitive person?
27) Are you considered a lively and cheerful person?
28) After something is done, do you often return to it in your mind and think that you could have done it better?
29)Are you usually silent and reserved when you are among people?
30) Do you sometimes gossip?
31) Does it ever happen that you can’t sleep because different thoughts are popping into your head?
32) Is it true that it is more pleasant and easier for you to read about what interests you in a book, although it is faster and easier to learn about it from friends?
33) Do you have palpitations?
34) Do you like work that requires constant attention?
35) Does it ever happen that you “shiver”?
36) Is it true that you always say only good things about people you know, even when you are sure that they will not know about it?
37) Is it true that you don’t like being in a company where they constantly make fun of each other?
38)Are you irritable?
39) Do you like work that requires quick action?
40) Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts about various troubles and “horrors” that could happen, although everything ended well?
41) Do you walk slowly and deliberately?
42) Have you ever been late for a date, work or school?
43) Do you often have nightmares?
44) Is it true that you are such a lover of conversation that you never miss an opportunity to talk with a stranger?
45) Do you have any pain?
46) Would you be upset if you couldn’t see your friends for a long time?
47) Can you call yourself a nervous person?
48)Are there people among your friends that you clearly don’t like?
49) Can you say that you are a confident person?
50)Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?
51)Is it difficult to really enjoy a party?
52) Does the feeling that you are somehow worse than others bother you?
53) Would you be able to bring some life into a boring company?
54)Does it happen that you talk about things that you don’t understand at all?
55)Are you worried about your health?
56) Do you like to make fun of others?
57) Do you suffer from insomnia?

DOUGH PROCESSING

If the “key” answer matches your answer, you add one point to yourself. If it does not match, zero points.

1. Confidence scale.

The answer is “yes” to questions: 6, 24, 36.

The answer is “no” to questions: 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.

Count the amount. If the result is 5 or more points, this means that you answered not as it really is, but as you would like or as is accepted in society. In other words, your answers are not reliable.

2. Extraversion scale.

The answer is "yes" to questions: 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 37, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56.

The answer is “no” to questions: 5, 15, 20, 29, 32, 34, 41, 51.

Count the amount.

3. Emotional stability scale.

Answer "yes" to questions: 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52 , 55, 57.

Having received the sums for the “Extraversion Scale” and “Emotional Stability Scale” values, mark them, respectively, on the horizontal axis “Introversion-extroversion” and the vertical axis “Emotional stability”. The intersection point will show your temperament type.

Draw coordinate axes: the horizontal axis is the “extroversion scale”, the vertical axis is the “emotional stability scale”. Each scale from 1 to 24 intersects at point 12. Mark your indicators on the axes. Find the intersection point. A point can lie on an axis if one of the scales is 12.

The result you got is your predominant temperament type. On the extraversion scale, you can see the type of personality orientation: extrovert or introvert.

Four types of melancholic people
Pure, pronounced melancholic: introversion (int.) - from 1 to 9, emotional. stability (em. mouth) - 16 to 24 points.

Melancholic phlegmatic: int. - from 1 to 9, um. mouth - 12 to 16 points.

Mild melancholic: int. - 9 to 12, um. mouth - 12 to 16 b.

Melacholic choleric: int. - from 9 to 12, um. mouth - 16 to 24 b.

Four types of phlegmatic people
Pure, pronounced phlegmatic: introversion (int.) - from 1 to 9, emotional. stability (em. mouth) - 1 to 9 points.

Phlegmatic sanguine: int. - from 9 to 12, um. mouth - 1 to 9 points.

Slightly phlegmatic: int. - 9 to 12, um. mouth - 9 to 12 b.

Phlegmatic melancholic: int. - from 1 to 9, um. mouth - 9 to 12 b.

Four types of choleric people
Pure, pronounced choleric: introversion (int.) - from 16 to 24, emotional. stability (em. mouth) - 16 to 24 points.

Choleric melancholic: int. - from 12 to 16, um. mouth - 16 to 24 points.

Mild choleric: int. - 12 to 16, um. mouth - 12 to 16 b.

Choleric sanguine: int. - from 16 to 24, em. mouth - 12 to 16 b.

Four types of sanguine people
Pure, pronounced sanguine person: introversion (int.) - from 16 to 24, emotional. stability (em. mouth) - 1 to 9 points.

Sanguine choleric: int. - from 16 to 24, em. mouth - 9 to 12 points.

Slightly sanguine: int. - 12 to 16, um. mouth - 9 to 12 b.

Sanguine phlegmatic: int. - from 12 to 16, um. mouth - 1 to 9 b.

General concepts about temperament

Each person has his own characteristics of mental activity.
Temperament is a characteristic of a person, namely:

pace,

rapidity,

rhythm,

intensity

these mental processes and states.

Temperament determines and ensures the speed, strength and balance of our reactions. It manifests itself in thinking, speech, and manner of communication.
At the same time, temperament does not affect interests, success, intelligence, business qualities - here we are able to independently develop our inclinations, turn them into abilities or forget about them.
The ability to make choices and take responsibility for them are indicators of a developed personality, and not manifestations of temperamental characteristics. Knowing your own type of temperament greatly simplifies the process of knowing yourself, accepting your manifestations and, as a result, choosing your own lifestyle.

Temperament human - a biological quality, innate, not acquired. Only 25% of 100% of temperament can be corrected. And this correction is our adjustment to the requirements of society (the world around us, society...). For what? For the purpose of a more efficient and successful existence.
Temperaments in their pure form are rare. Every person has something of choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. The question of who is better to be does not make sense, just like the question of what time of year is better. Each has its pros and cons. You need to know them and act, choosing an effective model of behavior depending on the situation. That is, do not follow the lead of natural qualities, but develop them.

Features of temperament must be taken into account when choosing a profession, but temperament should not be confused with character.

Kindness and cruelty

hard work and laziness,

neatness and sloppiness -

All these are character traits that are not inherent in nature, but are formed throughout life.

Smart or stupid

honest or deceitful

talented or untalented

Can be a person with any temperament. A person’s success does not depend on his temperament, but on the abilities, knowledge, skills and orientation of the individual.

Basic components of temperament

Analysis of the internal structure of temperament leads to the identification of three main, leading components. Each of these components has a complex multidimensional structure and different forms of psychological manifestations.

The sphere of general mental activity of a person.

the individual’s desire for self-expression, effective mastery and transformation of external reality;
intellectual and characterological characteristics, a complex of relationships and motives

The degree of activity extends from lethargy, inertia and passive contemplation at one pole to the highest degree of energy, powerful swiftness of action and constant ascent at the other.

Motor skills.

rapidity,
strength,
sharpness,
rhythm,
amplitude and
a number of other signs of muscle movement.

Features of muscle and speech motor skills can be observed more easily than others in humans. Therefore, a person’s temperament is often judged only by this component.

Emotionality.

Impressionability- a person’s susceptibility, his sensitivity to emotional influences, his ability to find the basis for an emotional reaction where such soil does not exist for others.
Impulsiveness- the speed with which emotion becomes the motivating force of actions and actions without prior thought and a conscious decision to carry them out.
Emotional lability- the speed with which a given emotional state ceases or one experience changes to another.

From the history of teachings about types of temperament

Hippocrates (5th century BC) first spoke about temperaments. He argued that people differ in the ratio of the 4 main “juices” of life that make up it:

blood,

phlegm,

yellow bile and

black bile

Claudius Galen (2nd century BC) continued. He developed the first typology of temperaments (treatise “De temperamentum”) According to his teaching, the type of temperament depends on the predominance of one of the juices in the body. They identified temperaments that are widely known today:

choleric (from the Greek chole - “bile”),

sanguine (from Latin sanguis - “blood”),

phlegmatic (from Greek - phlegma - “phlegm”),

melancholic (from the Greek melas chole - “black bile”)

I.P. Pavlov hypothesized that differences in behavior were based on some fundamental properties of nervous processes - excitation and inhibition. These properties include:

excitation strength

reflects the performance of the nerve cell. It manifests itself in functional endurance, i.e. in the ability to withstand long-term or short-term, but strong excitation, without passing into the opposite state of inhibition

braking force

is understood as the functional performance of the nervous system during the implementation of inhibition. Manifests itself in the ability to form various inhibitory conditioned reactions, such as extinction and differentiation

their poise

balance of excitation and inhibition processes. The ratio of the strength of both processes decides whether a given individual is balanced or unbalanced, when the strength of one process exceeds the strength of the other

their mobility/inertia

manifests itself in the speed of transition from one nervous process to another. The mobility of nervous processes is manifested in the ability to change behavior in accordance with changing living conditions. A measure of this property of the nervous system is the speed of transition from one action to another, from a passive state to an active one, and vice versa. The nervous system is more inert the more time or effort it takes to move from one process to another.

I.P. Pavlov distinguished between the strength of excitation and the strength of inhibition, considering them two independent properties of the nervous system.
The 4 types of nervous system identified by I.P. Pavlov correspond according to their main characteristics to the 4 classical types of temperament:

a strong, unbalanced type with a predominance of excitement - choleric;

strong, balanced, agile - sanguine;

strong, balanced, inert - phlegmatic;

weak type - melancholic

Description of temperament types.
Types of temperament according to I.P. Pavlov

I.P. Pavlov understood the type of nervous system as innate, relatively weakly susceptible to changes under the influence of environment and upbringing. According to Ivan Petrovich, the properties of the nervous system form the physiological basis of temperament, which is a mental manifestation of the type of nervous system.
Two things to note:

Weakness of the nervous system is not a negative property.

A strong nervous system copes more successfully with some life tasks (for example, in work associated with large and unexpected loads).
A weak nervous system copes more successfully with others (for example, in monotonous work conditions). A weak nervous system is a highly sensitive nervous system, and this is its advantage over a strong one.

The division of people into four types of temperament is very arbitrary. There are transitional, mixed, intermediate types. Pure temperaments are relatively rare.

Hans Eysenck studied the works of C. Jung, R. Woodworth, I.P. Pavlov, E. Kretschmer and other famous psychologists, psychiatrists and physiologists. He proposed three basic dimensions of personality:

neuroticism

extra/introversion

Extrovert- a person who is outward-looking, sociable, optimistic, with a wide circle of acquaintances, impulsive, acting under the influence of the moment. He needs contacts like air. He prefers to act, move forward, rather than reason.

Introvert- a person turned inward prefers to communicate only with close people, and distances himself from others. He is reserved, not sociable, shy, reserved, keeps his feelings under control, and is prone to introspection. An introvert likes to think about his actions.

Extroverts are much more tolerant of pain than introverts; they pause more during work to chat and drink coffee than introverts; excitement increases the effectiveness of their actions and actions, while for introverts it only interferes.

Introverts prefer theoretical and scientific jobs (eg, engineering and chemistry), while extroverts tend to prefer jobs that involve people (eg, sales, social services).

Introverts are more likely to admit to masturbating than extroverts; on the other hand, extroverts have sexual intercourse at an earlier age, more often and with a larger number of partners than introverts.

Introverts achieve greater academic success than extroverts. Also, students who leave college for psychiatric reasons are more likely to be introverts; while those students who leave for academic reasons are more likely to be extroverts.

Introverts feel more alert in the mornings, while extroverts feel more alert in the evenings. Moreover, introverts work better in the morning, while extroverts work better in the afternoon. In crisis situations, extroverts prefer to seek help and support from people, in communication with relatives and friends, in companies. Introverts crawl into their closet and hide from people.

psychoticism

The result of a combination of high and low levels of introversion and extraversion with high or low levels of stability and neuroticism became the four categories of people described by Eysenck. A high level of neuroticism (emotional instability/instability) is characteristic of melancholic and choleric people. Low level - for sanguine and phlegmatic people. But introversion is characteristic of melancholic and phlegmatic people, while extroversion is characteristic of choleric and sanguine people.

Description of temperament types.
Types of temperament according to G. Eysenck

Characteristics of temperament types according to G. Eysenck

G. Eysenck gave characteristics of “pure” types of temperament (that is, in the extreme angular positions of the quadrant). And we already realized that such types are extremely rare. Make adjustments accordingly when you receive test results. Moreover, the closer one type of temperament is to another, the more characteristics overlap.
For example, if you got the result: neuroticism 13, extraversion 17, then you are a sanguine choleric. Then you have the characteristics of both choleric and sanguine people, but not as pronounced as pure Cholerics and Sanguines. In different conditions, in different situations, you can exhibit both characteristics.
Remember that the literature often provides characteristics of “pure” types of temperaments.

Pure types of temperament

Phlegmatic person

Choleric

Sanguine

Melancholic

Parents will be able to determine their child's temperament. Since the temperamental characteristics of younger schoolchildren have a significant impact on educational activities. Any person must constantly take into account the temperamental characteristics of the people with whom he has to work and communicate. This is necessary for effective interaction with them, reducing the likelihood of conflict situations, and avoiding possible stress.

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Parent meeting on the topic “Definition of temperament”

The temperamental characteristics of younger schoolchildren have a significant impact on educational activities.

Temperament is a combination of individual psychological characteristics of a person that characterize the dynamic and emotional-volitional aspects of his behavior and activity. It acts as a kind of connecting link between the body, cognitive processes and personality. Taking into account the individual characteristics of students is necessary in relation to various aspects of their personality, including in relation to the temperamental characteristics of children.
The main personality traits include: temperament and character. Temperament is determined by the type of nervous system and reflects predominantly innate behavioral characteristics. Temperament expresses a person's attitude to the events occurring around him.
Any person must constantly take into account the temperamental characteristics of the people with whom he has to work and communicate. This is necessary for effective interaction with them, reducing the likelihood of conflict situations, and avoiding possible stress. There are no better or worse temperaments. Therefore, efforts when contacting a person should be aimed not at correcting him, but at the competent use of the virtues and advantages of temperament while simultaneously neutralizing negative manifestations.
The earliest classification of temperament types was developed in the 2nd century BC. Roman physician Claudius Galen. In this typology, there are four main types: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. As a rule, we should talk about the predominance of certain temperament traits, the relationship of temperaments, and their percentage in a person. In their “pure form,” individual types of temperament are rare. However, let us characterize the “pure” types of temperaments.

Choleric.

Characterized by increased excitability, actions are intermittent. He is characterized by sharpness and swiftness of movements, strength, impulsiveness, and vivid expression of emotional experiences. Due to imbalance, being carried away by a task, he tends to act with all his might and become more exhausted than he should. Having public interests, his temperament shows initiative, energy, and integrity. In the absence of spiritual life, choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, efficiency, lack of restraint, hot temper, and inability to self-control under emotional circumstances.

Sanguine.

Quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly gets along with people, and is sociable. Feelings arise and change easily, emotional experiences are usually shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. He is somewhat restless, needs new impressions, does not regulate his impulses sufficiently, and does not know how to strictly adhere to the established routine of life or work system. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out work that requires an equal expenditure of effort, prolonged and methodical tension, perseverance, stability of attention, and patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, and creative activity, superficiality and inconstancy develop.

Phlegmatic person.

It is characterized by a relatively low level of behavioral activity, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. Possesses slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods. Persistent and stubborn, he rarely loses his temper, is not prone to emotions, having calculated his strengths, brings things to the end, is even in relationships, moderately sociable, and does not like to chat in vain. Saves energy and doesn’t waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases a phlegmatic person may be characterized by “positive” traits - endurance, depth of thoughts, constancy, thoroughness, in others - lethargy, indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to perform only habitual actions.

Melancholic.

His reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus; there is depth and stability of feelings with weak expression. It is difficult for him to concentrate on anything for a long time. Strong influences often cause a prolonged inhibitory reaction in melancholic people (“give up”). He is characterized by restraint and muted speech and movements, shyness, timidity, and indecisiveness. Under normal conditions, a melancholic person is a deep, meaningful person who can be a good worker and successfully cope with life’s tasks. Under unfavorable conditions, he can turn into a closed, fearful, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to difficult internal experiences of life circumstances that do not deserve it.

The famous cartoonist H. Bidstrup once depicted the reaction of four people to the same incident: someone accidentally sat on the hat of a man resting on a bench. The result: the choleric person became furious, the sanguine person laughed, the melancholic person became terribly upset, and the phlegmatic person calmly put his hat on his head.

Instructions.

You are offered a set of personality traits one by one (80 questions). Answer positively (“Yes”) if this quality really manifests itself in you. Or it manifests itself in your child. Otherwise, select the answer "No".

The test result is the percentage of temperament types present in you.

DEFINITION OF TEMPERAMENT

1. You are restless and fussy	Yes	No
2. Uncontrollable, hot-tempered	Yes	No
3. Impatient	Yes	No
4. Cutting and straightforward in dealing with people	Yes	No
5. Decisive and proactive	Yes	No
6. Stubborn	Yes	No
7. Resourceful in an argument	Yes	No
8. Work in spurts	Yes	No
9. They are vindictive and touchy.	Yes	No
10. You have fast, passionate, confused speech	Yes	No
11. Unbalanced, prone to ardor	Yes	No
12. Aggressive	Yes	No
13. Risk takers	Yes	No
14. Intolerant of shortcomings	Yes	No
15. You have expressive facial expressions	Yes	No
16. Able to act and decide quickly	Yes	No
17. Relentlessly strive for new things	Yes	No
18. You have sharp, impetuous movements	Yes	No
19. Persistent in achieving your goal	Yes	No
20. Prone to sudden mood swings	Yes	No
21. You are cheerful and cheerful	Yes	No
22. Energetic and businesslike	Yes	No
23. Often don't finish things	Yes	No
24. Tend to overestimate themselves	Yes	No
25. Able to quickly grasp new things	Yes	No
26. Unstable in interests and inclinations	Yes	No
27. You easily experience failures and troubles	Yes	No
28. Easily adapt to different circumstances	Yes	No
29. Get down to business with passion	Yes	No
30. You quickly cool down if the matter ceases to interest you	Yes	No
31. Quickly get involved in a new job, quickly switch from one job to another	Yes	No
32. Be burdened by the monotony of everyday work	Yes	No
33. Sociable, responsive, do not feel constrained with new people	Yes	No
34. Maintaining composure in unexpectedly difficult situations	Yes	No
35. Hardy and able to work	Yes	No
36. You have lively, loud speech, with lively gestures and facial expressions	Yes	No
37. You are always in a cheerful mood	Yes	No
38. You fall asleep and wake up quickly	Yes	No
39. Often not collected, hasty in decisions	Yes	No
40. Sometimes they tend to skim the surface in business and get distracted	Yes	No
41. You are calm and cool-headed	Yes	No
42. Consistent and thorough in business	Yes	No
43. Cautious and reasonable	Yes	No
44. Know how to wait	Yes	No
45. They are silent and do not like to chat in vain	Yes	No
46. Have calm, even speech, without pronounced emotions, gestures or facial expressions	Yes	No
47. Restrained and patient	Yes	No
48. Finish what you start	Yes	No
49. Don’t waste your energy	Yes	No
50. Strictly adhere to a routine in life, a system in work	Yes	No
51. Easily restrain impulses	Yes	No
52. Little susceptible to approval or blame	Yes	No
53. Are not malicious, show condescension	Yes	No
54. Consistent in their interests and relationships	Yes	No
55. Be slow to get involved in work and switch from one task to another.	Yes	No
56. Equal in relationships with people	Yes	No
57. Love neatness and order in everything	Yes	No
58. Having difficulty adapting to new surroundings	Yes	No
59. Inert, inactive, lethargic	Yes	No
60. Have self-control	Yes	No
61. You are shy and self-conscious	Yes	No
62. You get lost in a new environment	Yes	No
63. Find it difficult to establish contact with strangers	Yes	No
64. Don't believe in yourself	Yes	No
65. Easily endure loneliness	Yes	No
66. Feeling depressed and confused when you fail	Yes	No
67. Tend to withdraw into oneself	Yes	No
68. You get tired quickly	Yes	No
69. You have weak, quiet speech, sometimes reduced to a whisper	Yes	No
70. Unwittingly adapt to a person’s character	Yes	No
71. Extremely sensitive to blame and approval	Yes	No
72. You place high demands on yourself and others	Yes	No
73. Prone to suspicious	Yes	No
74. Prone to daydreaming	Yes	No
75. Painfully sensitive and easily vulnerable	Yes	No
76. Impressionable to the point of corrosiveness	Yes	No
77. Overly touchy	Yes	No
78. Secretive and uncommunicative	Yes	No
79. Little active and timid	Yes	No
80. Strive to evoke sympathy and help from others	Yes	No

Test results.

The test has 4 groups of questions, each group contains 14 statements. The first 14 (from the first to the fourteenth statement) describe the choleric temperament. The second group, from the 15th to the 28th statement, describes a sanguine person. The third group, from 29 to 42 – phlegmatic type of temperament. And the last group, from 43 to 56, the statement describes the melancholic temperament.
If in any of the groups you received more than 10 pluses, then this type of temperament is dominant for you. If the number of pluses is 5-9, then these traits are expressed to a significant extent in you. And if there are less than 4 positive answers, then the traits of this type of temperament are weakly expressed.

To determine the type of temperament, there are specially designed questionnaires, there are quite a lot of them. Here's one of them. Its author is A. Belov.

After answering four blocks of questions, you will be offered a simple formula for the most accurate calculation of your temperament.

Using this technique you can also determine your child's temperament type.

Temperament test by A. Belov. Temperament formula:

Instructions.

Carefully read the list of properties inherent in a particular temperament, and put a “+” if the property is inherent in you, and a “-” sign if this property is not expressed in you.

Test material (questions).

1. If you:

1. Calm and cool-headed.

2. Consistent and thorough in business.

3. Be careful and reasonable.

4. You know how to wait.

5. They are silent and do not like to chat in vain.

6. You have calm, even speech, with stops, without sharply expressed emotions, gestures and facial expressions.

7. Restrained and patient.

8. Finish what you start.

9. Don't waste your energy.

10. Strictly adhere to the established routine in life and system in work.

11. You easily control your impulses.

12. Low sensitivity to approval and censure.

13. You are gentle and show a condescending attitude towards barbs directed at you.

14. Constant in their interests and relationships.

15. Slowly get involved in work and switch from one task to another.

16. Have equal relationships with everyone.

17. Love neatness and order in everything.

18. Having difficulty adapting to a new environment.

19. Have self-control.

20. Gradually meet new people.

2. If you:

1. Shy and self-conscious.

2. You get lost in a new environment.

3. Find it difficult to establish contact with new people.

4. Don't believe in your strength.

6. You feel depressed and confused when you fail.

7. They tend to withdraw into themselves.

8. You get tired quickly.

9. You have quiet speech, sometimes reduced to a whisper.

10. Unwittingly adapt to the character of your interlocutor.

11. Impressionable to the point of tearfulness.

12. Extremely sensitive to approval and blame.

13. You place high demands on yourself and others.

14. Prone to suspicion and suspiciousness.

15. Painfully sensitive and easily vulnerable.

16. Extremely touchy.

17. Secretive and uncommunicative, do not share your thoughts with anyone.

18. Inactive and timid.

19. Uncomplainingly submissive.

20. Strive to evoke sympathy and help from others.

3. If you:

1. Restless, fussy.

2. Uncontrollable, hot-tempered.

3. Impatient.

4. Harsh and straightforward in relationships with people.

5. Decisive and proactive.

6. Stubborn.

7. Resourceful in an argument.

8. You work in jerks.

9. Risk-prone.

10. Forgiving and non-offensive.

11. You have fast, passionate speech with confused intonations.

12. Unbalanced and prone to ardor.

13. Intolerant of shortcomings.

14. Aggressive bully.

15. You have expressive facial expressions.

16. Able to act and decide quickly.

17. Strive tirelessly for something new.

18. You have sharp, impetuous movements.

19. Persistent in achieving their goals.

20. Prone to sudden mood swings.

4. If you:

1. Cheerful and cheerful.

2. Energetic and businesslike.

3. Often do not finish what you start.

4. Tend to overestimate themselves.

5. Able to quickly grasp new things.

6. Unstable in interests and inclinations.

7. You easily experience failures and troubles.

8. Easily adapt to different circumstances.

9. Take on any new business with passion.

10. You quickly cool down if the matter ceases to interest you.

11. Quickly get involved in a new job and quickly switch from one job to another.

12. Be burdened by monotony, everyday, painstaking work.

13. Sociable and responsive, do not feel constrained with new people.

14. Hardy and efficient.

15. You have fast, loud, clear speech, accompanied by lively gestures and expressive facial expressions.

16. Maintain composure in unexpected, difficult situations.

17. You are always in a cheerful mood.

18. You quickly fall asleep and wake up.

19. You are often not collected and show haste in decisions.

20. Sometimes we tend to skim over the surface and get distracted.

Key to the temperament test.

Count the number of "+" for each temperament separately.

1 block - phlegmatic

Block 2 - melancholic

3 block - choleric

4 block - sanguine

Then calculate the percentage of positive answers for each type of temperament (the number of “+” for one type of temperament divided by the number of “+” for all four types of temperament and multiplied by 100%).

In its final form, your temperament formula will take something like this: T = 36% X + 35% C + 15% F + 14% M, which means that your temperament is 36% choleric, 35% sanguine, 15% phlegmatic and 14% melancholic.

Interpretation of the obtained values.

Phlegmatic person

New forms of behavior are developed slowly, but are persistent. Possesses slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods. Persistent and stubborn, he rarely loses his temper, is not prone to emotions, having calculated his strengths, brings things to the end, is even in relationships, moderately sociable, and does not like to chat in vain. Saves energy and doesn’t waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases a phlegmatic person may be characterized by “positive” traits - endurance, depth of thoughts, constancy, thoroughness, in others - laziness and a tendency to perform only habitual actions.

Melancholic

Has high sensitivity: there is a depth of feelings with little expression. He is characterized by restraint and muted speech and movements, modesty, and caution. Under normal conditions, a melancholic person is a deep, meaningful, responsible person who successfully copes with life’s tasks. Under unfavorable conditions, he can turn into a closed, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to difficult internal experiences of life circumstances that do not deserve it.