Ostrovsky's early plays. Biography – Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich

Born at the beginning of the 19th century famous writer and playwright A. N. Ostrovsky, whose biography is filled with participation in the bright events of theatrical and literary life Russia at that time.

Childhood and adolescence

The exact date of birth of the writer is April 12, 1823. His childhood and youth were spent in Zamoskvorechye. Nikolai Fedorovich, the father of the future writer, although he was the son of a priest, served as an official in court. Mother, Lyubov Ivanovna, died early. His father remarried a noblewoman when Alexander was 13 years old. The successful judicial career of Nikolai Fedorovich brought him the title of nobility and a decent fortune, with which he acquired several estates and, having moved to the village of Shchelykovo in 1848, became a real landowner.

After graduating from high school in Moscow in 1840, the young man entered, at the insistence of his father, the Faculty of Law at Moscow University. However, he studied legal issues for only three years. Theater became his true passion. He drops out of university. In the hope that he can correct his son’s theatrical inclinations, his father finds him a job as a scribe in Moscow. After working there for two years, Ostrovsky is transferred to the office of the commercial court. The years spent in legal practice did not pass without a trace for the future playwright. He borrowed many stories from real life.

A. N. Ostrovsky: biography of the early period

This period illuminates the writer’s life after graduation. From the moment he entered the university and met with the theater, the biography of Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky begins to change towards literary activity and dramaturgy. He took up literature seriously. Essay “Notes of a Zamoskvoretsky Resident”, simple comedy “Painting family happiness"and two scenes from future comedy were published. The comedy "Our People - Let's Be Numbered" was released in 1849. In the same year, against the will of his father, he marries a simple bourgeois woman. His father refuses him financial support.

A.N. Ostrovsky: biography of the “Muscovites” and “pre-reform” periods

Ostrovsky's dramaturgy is gaining strength. During the period 1852-1860 the following events occur:

• Production of the play “Don’t Get in Your Own Sleigh.”
• Publication of the play “Poverty is not a vice.”
• Ostrovsky is a member of the young editorial board of the Moskvityanin magazine.
• Since 1856 - cooperation with the Sovremennik magazine. Acquaintance with L. N. Tolstoy and I. S. Turgenev.
• 1856 - participation in a literary and ethnographic expedition along the Volga. A wealth of material has been collected for future works.

Ostrovsky: biography of the “post-reform” period A

• 1865 - he founded a school for talented theater lovers.
• 1870 - on his initiative, a school of playwrights was created.
• Successfully translating Cervantes and Shakespeare.
• Total number theatrical works reached 54.
• In 1872 he wrote verse comedy"Comedian of the 17th century."

His biography testifies to how rich and fruitful the writer’s life was. Ostrovsky A.N. died on June 14, 1886 in the Trans-Volga estate Shchelykovo.

Alexander Ostrovsky
Vasily Perov. Portrait of A.N. Ostrovsky ( 1877 )
Birth name:	Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	Moscow , Russian empire
Date of death:
A place of death:	Shchelyko ́ in , Kostroma province , Russian empire
Occupation:	playwright

Alexa ́ ndr Nikola ́ Evich Ostro ́ Vsky(March 31 ( 12th of April) 1823 - June 2 (14) 1886 ) - outstanding Russian playwright, corresponding member St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences .

Origin

The father of the future playwright, a graduate of the Moscow theological seminary, served in the Moscow City Court. His mother, from a family of the clergy, died in childbirth when Alexander was seven years old.

The younger brother is a statesman M. N. Ostrovsky .

Childhood and youth

The writer's childhood and youth passed in Zamoskvorechye. The father married a second time to the daughter of a Russified Swedish baron, who was not very involved in raising the children from her husband’s first marriage. Ostrovsky was left to his own devices and became addicted to reading as a child.

Beginning of literary activity: choice in favor of dramaturgy

IN 1840 upon graduating from high school he was enrolled in legal faculty Moscow University, but in 1843 I left because I didn’t want to retake the exam. At the same time he entered the office of the Moscow Conscientious Court, and later served in the Commercial Court ( 1845 -1851 ). This experience played a significant role in Ostrovsky's work.

He entered the literary field in the second half of the 1840s. as a follower Gogolian tradition oriented towards creative principles natural school . At this time, Ostrovsky created a prose essay “ Notes of a Zamoskvoretsky resident", first comedy(play " Family picture"was read by the author on February 14 1847 in the professor's circle S. P. Shevyreva and was approved by him).

The satirical comedy “Bankrupt” brought wide fame to the playwright (“ Our people - let's be numbered », 1849 ). Based on the plot (false bankruptcy of a merchant Bolshova, the deceit and callousness of his family members - daughter Lipochka and the clerk, and then son-in-law Podkhalyuzin, who did not buy his old father out of the debt hole, Bolshov’s later insight) were based on Ostrovsky’s observations on the analysis of family litigation, obtained during his service in the conscientious court. Ostrovsky’s strengthened mastery, a new word sounded on the Russian stage, were reflected, in particular, in the combination of the spectacularly developing intrigue and vivid everyday descriptive inserts (matchmaker’s speech, bickering between mother and daughter), slowing down the action, but also giving a sense of the specifics of life and customs merchant environment. A special role here was played by the unique, at the same time class, and individual psychological coloring character speeches .

Ostrovsky - "undoubtedly the first dramatic writer"

"Columbus of Zamoskvorechye"

Already in " Bankrupt"the cross-cutting theme of Ostrovsky's dramatic work has emerged: patriarchal, traditional life, as it was preserved in the merchant and bourgeois environment, and its gradual degeneration and collapse, as well as the complex relationships into which a person enters with a gradually changing way of life. Having created in forty years literary work fifty plays (some co-authored), which became the basis of the Russian public repertoire, democratic theater, Ostrovsky at different stages of his creative path imagined main topic of your creativity. So, having become in 1850 employee known for his pochvennicheskie direction of the magazine " Moskvitian"(editor M. P. Pogodin, employees A. A. Grigoriev , T. I. Filippov etc.), Ostrovsky, who was part of the so-called “young editorial staff,” tried to give the magazine a new direction - to focus on ideas national identity And identity, but not the peasantry (unlike the “old” Slavophiles), A patriarchal merchants .

In his subsequent plays " Don't get in your own sleigh », « Poverty is not a vice », « Don't live the way you want » ( 1852 -1855 ) the playwright tried to reflect poetry folk life: “To have the right to correct the people without offending them, you need to show them that you know what is good about them; This is what I’m doing now, combining the sublime with the comic,” he wrote during his “Muscovite” period. At the same time, the playwright became involved with the girl Agafya Ivanovna (who had four children from him), which led to a break in relations with his father. According to eyewitnesses, she was a kind, warm-hearted woman, to whom Ostrovsky owed much of his knowledge of Moscow life.

For "Moscowites" plays are characterized by famous utopianism in resolving conflicts between generations (in the comedy " Poverty is not a vice », 1854 , a happy accident upsets the marriage imposed by the tyrant father and hated by the daughter, arranges the marriage of a rich bride - Lyubov Gordeevna- with the poor clerk Mitya). But this feature of Ostrovsky’s “Muscovite” dramaturgy does not negate the realistic quality of the works of this circle. The image turns out to be complex, dialectically connecting seemingly opposite qualities. Lyubima Tortsova, the drunken brother of a tyrant merchant Gordeya Tortsova in the play written much later “ Warm heart » ( 1868 ). We love makes Gordey, who has lost his sober outlook on life because of his own vanity and passion, see the light false values. The play was staged for the first time January 15 1869 V Maly Theater to the benefit Provo Mikhailovich Sadovsky .

IN 1855 playwright, dissatisfied with his position in " Muscovite"(constant conflicts and meager fees), left the magazine and became close to the editors of the St. Petersburg " Contemporary » ( N. A. Nekrasov considered Ostrovsky “undoubtedly the first dramatic writer”). IN 1859 The first collected works of the playwright were published, which brought him both fame and human joy.

"Storm"

Subsequently, two trends in illuminating the traditional way of life - critical, accusatory and poetic - fully manifested themselves and were combined in Ostrovsky's tragedy " Storm » ( 1859 ). The work, written within the genre framework of social drama, is simultaneously endowed with tragic depth and historical significance of the conflict. Collision of two female characters - Katerina Kabanova and her mother-in-law Marfa Ignatievna ( Kabanikha) - in scale far exceeds the conflict between generations traditional for Ostrovsky’s theater. Character main character(named N. A. Dobrolyubov"a ray of light in dark kingdom") consists of several dominants: the ability to love, the desire for freedom, a sensitive, vulnerable conscience. Showing the naturalness and inner freedom of Katerina, the playwright simultaneously emphasizes that she is nevertheless flesh and blood patriarchal way of life .

Living by traditional values, Katerina, having cheated on her husband, surrendering to her love for Boris, takes the path of breaking with these values ​​and is acutely aware of this. The drama of Katerina, who exposed herself to everyone and committed suicide, turns out to be endowed with the features of the tragedy of an entire historical structure, which is gradually being destroyed and becoming a thing of the past. Seal eschatology, the feeling of the end also marks the attitude of Marfa Kabanova, Katerina’s main antagonist. At the same time, Ostrovsky’s play is deeply imbued with the experience of “poetry folk life» ( Apollon Grigoriev), song-folklore element, feeling natural beauty(features of the landscape are present in the stage directions and appear in the characters’ remarks).

Late stage of creativity

New heroes

The subsequent long period of the playwright’s work ( 1861 -1886 ) reveals the closeness of Ostrovsky’s search to the development paths of the contemporary Russian novel - from “ Messrs. Golovlevs » M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrina before psychological novels L. N. Tolstoy And F. M. Dostoevsky. The theme of “mad money”, greed, and shameless careerism of representatives of the impoverished nobility, combined with the wealth of psychological characteristics of the characters, and the ever-increasing art of plot-building by the playwright, sounds powerful in the comedies of the “post-reform” years. Thus, the “anti-hero” of the play “ Simplicity is enough for every wise man » ( 1868 ) Egor Glumov somewhat reminiscent Griboyedovsky Molchalina. But this is Molchalin new era: Glumov’s inventive mind and cynicism for the time being contribute to his beginning dizzying career. These same qualities, the playwright hints, in the finale of the comedy will not allow Glumov to disappear even after his exposure. The theme is the redistribution of life's goods, the emergence of a new social and psychological type - the businessman (“ Mad money », 1869 , Vasilkov), or even a predatory businessman from the nobility (“ Wolves and sheep », 1875 , Berkutov) existed in Ostrovsky’s work until the end of his writing career. IN 1869 Ostrovsky joined new marriage after death Agafya Ivanovna from tuberculosis. From his second marriage the writer had five children.

"Forest"

Genre and compositionally complex, full of literary allusions, hidden and direct quotes from Russian and foreign literature. classical literature (Gogol , Cervantes , Shakespeare , Moliere , Schiller) comedy " Forest » ( 1870 ) sums up the first post-reform decade. The play touches on themes developed by Russian psychological prose , - gradual ruin " noble nests", the spiritual decline of their owners, the stratification of the second estate and those moral conflicts in which people find themselves involved in new historical and social conditions. In this social, everyday and moral chaos, the bearer of humanity and nobility turns out to be a man of art - a declassed nobleman and provincial actor Neschastlivtsev.

In the drama genre

In addition to the “national tragedy” (“ Storm"), satirical comedy (" Forest"), Ostrovsky on late stage of his creativity he also creates exemplary works in the genre of psychological drama (“ Dowryless », 1878 , « Talents and fans », 1881 , « Guilty without guilt », 1884 ). In these plays, the playwright expands and psychologically enriches the stage characters. Correlating with traditional stage roles and commonly used dramatic moves, characters and situations are capable of changing in unexpected ways, thereby demonstrating ambiguity and inconsistency inner life human, the unpredictability of every everyday situation. Paratov- this is not only a “fatal man”, a fatal lover Larisa Ogudalova, but also a man of simple, rough everyday calculation; Karandyshev- Not only " small man”, tolerating the cynical “masters of life”, but also a person with immense, painful pride; Larisa is not only a lovelorn heroine, ideally different from her environment, but also under the influence of false ideals (“ Dowryless"). The playwright’s character is equally psychologically ambiguous. Negina (« Talents and fans"): the young actress not only chooses the path of serving art, preferring it to love and personal happiness, but also agrees to the fate of a kept woman, that is, she “practically reinforces” her choice. In the fate of a famous artist Kruchinina (« Guilty without guilt") and the ascent to theatrical Olympus and a terrible personal drama are intertwined. Thus, Ostrovsky follows a path comparable to the paths of his contemporary Russian realistic prose , - ways of increasingly deeper awareness of the complexity of the inner life of the individual, the paradoxical nature of the choices he makes.

Ostrovsky Theater

Monument to Ostrovsky at the Maly Theater in Moscow

It is with Ostrovsky that the Russian theater begins in its modern understanding: writer created drama school and a holistic concept of acting in the theater.

The essence of Ostrovsky's theater lies in the absence extreme situations and counteracting the actor's gut. Alexander Nikolaevich's plays depict ordinary situations with ordinary people, whose dramas go into everyday life and human psychology.

The main ideas of theater reform:

• the theater must be built on conventions (there is a 4th wall separating the audience from the actors);
• constancy of attitude towards language: mastery speech characteristics, expressing almost everything about the heroes;
• the bet is on the entire troupe, and not on one actor;
• “People go to watch the game, not the play itself - you can read it.”

Ostrovsky's theater required a new stage aesthetics, new actors. In accordance with this, Ostrovsky creates an acting ensemble, which includes such actors as Martynov , Sergey Vasiliev , Evgeny Samoilov , Prov Sadovsky .

Naturally, innovations met opponents. He was, for example, Shchepkin. Ostrovsky's dramaturgy required the actor to detach himself from his personality, which M. S. Shchepkin did not do. For example, he left the dress rehearsal of “The Thunderstorm” being very dissatisfied with the author of the play.

Ostrovsky's ideas were brought to their logical conclusion Stanislavsky .

Folk myths and national history in Ostrovsky’s dramaturgy

The “spring tale” occupies a special place in Ostrovsky’s heritage. Snow Maiden » ( 1873 ). At the beginning of 1873 Maly Theater was closed for renovation. Three troupes of the imperial Moscow theaters, drama, opera and ballet, were supposed to perform on stage Bolshoi Theater , and performances were needed in which all three troupes could be involved. The directorate approached Ostrovsky with a proposal to write a corresponding play. At the personal request of the playwright, the music was ordered for the 33-year-old P.I. Tchaikovsky, a young professor at the Moscow Conservatory, who was already the author of two outstanding symphonies and three operas. "Snow Maiden" stood on his creative path a bridge from the first composer's experiments and brilliant insights to " Swan Lake", "To Eugene Onegin". In "The Snow Maiden" Ostrovsky's poetic and utopian views on the possibility of harmonious relations between people are clothed in the form of a literary "fairy tale for the theater", in which images appear related to the images Slavic mythology . IN 1881 year on stage Mariinsky Theater the opera premiered successfully N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov "Snow Maiden", which the composer called his best work. A. N. Ostrovsky himself appreciated the creation Rimsky-Korsakov: "Music to my" Snow Maiden“amazing, I could never imagine anything more suitable for her and so vividly expressing all the poetry of the Russian pagan cult and this first snow-cold, and then uncontrollably passionate heroine of the fairy tale.”

The playwright also addresses historical genres - chronicles , tragedies , comedies written on topics Russian history : « Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk » ( 1861 , 2nd edition 1866 ), « Voivode » ( 1864 , 2nd edition 1885 ), « Dmitry the Pretender and Vasily Shuisky » ( 1866 ) and etc.. National history provides Ostrovsky with material for creating large, energetic characters, for the widespread use of the heroic principle in drama.

Demise

At the end of his life, Ostrovsky finally achieved material wealth (he received a lifetime pension of 3 thousand rubles), and also in 1884 took the position of head of the repertory department of Moscow theaters (the playwright dreamed of serving the theater all his life). But his health was undermined, his strength was exhausted. He died on his estate Shchelykovo from a hereditary disease - angina pectoris .

Municipal educational institution "Lyceum "School of Managers"

"The Life and Work of A.N. Ostrovsky"

Students of class 9B

Poltorykhina Anastasia.

Novomoskovsk 2010

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky is one of the most outstanding Russian playwrights, whose work became an important stage in the development of Russian literature And national theater. We can safely say that it was Ostrovsky’s works that laid the foundation for the Russian repertoire in the theater.

Ostrovsky's plays are known and loved by many generations of Russian viewers and readers. Filmed based on them art films, the questions that Ostrovsky raises in his works are still relevant today.

Childhood and youth

The Russian playwright was born on March 13, 1823 in Moscow, in the family of a court official. The future playwright's mother died early; the family had six children. Ostrovsky's father really wanted his son to follow in his footsteps. After graduating from the Moscow Gymnasium, Alexander entered the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. Ostrovsky never finished it.

In 1843, Ostrovsky was hired as a court scribe and worked in various Moscow courts until 1851. This period of his life greatly helped Ostrovsky in his future work. While working in the courts, he perfectly studied the world of the Russian merchants and the philistine class, which he later brilliantly described in his works. Many characters were taken by the playwright from his real life.

First plays

In 1847, Ostrovsky’s essays entitled “Notes of a Zamoskvoretsky Resident” were published in the newspaper “Moskovsky Gorodnogo Leaflet”. However, the playwright gained wide popularity after the publication of the play “Our People – Let’s Be Numbered.” This work, written in the comedy genre, was enthusiastically received by the public and received excellent reviews from critics. Gogol and Goncharov spoke approvingly of this play.

However, representatives of the merchant class did not like the work very much and after their complaint to the authorities, the play was banned from being staged, and its author was fired from his job. “We Will Be Numbered Our Own People” was allowed to be staged only after the death of Emperor Nicholas, in 1861. With the second play, Alexander Nikolaevich was much more fortunate. “Don’t Get in Your Own Sleigh” was written by him in 1852 and already in 1853 appeared on the stage of theaters. Since 1856, Ostrovsky has been constantly working for the Sovremennik magazine.

Since 1853, every year Moscow and St. Petersburg theaters staged new plays by the playwright, and all of them were favorably received by both the public and domestic critics.

At the peak of popularity

In 1856, Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky went to the Volga region to study the way of life of the inhabitants of the region. It was after this trip that Ostrovsky wrote one of his most striking plays - “The Thunderstorm”. In 1859, the first collected works of Ostrovsky were published, which were enthusiastically received by critics. In the 1860s Ostrovsky began studying Russian history, he was especially interested in the period of the Time of Troubles.

In 1863 he was awarded the Uvarov Prize and became a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In the 60s, the playwright founded the Artistic Circle, which gave a start in life to many future stars Russian stage. In 1874, on the initiative of Ostrovsky, the Society of Russian Dramatic Writers and Opera Composers was founded. In 1885, Alexander Nikolaevich became the head of the repertoire of all Moscow theaters.

All his life Ostrovsky worked extremely hard, this seriously undermined his health. In June 1886, he died on his estate in the Kostroma province. Emperor Alexander III granted a large sum for the playwright's funeral, and also awarded a pension to his widow and allocated funds for the education of his children.

Ostrovsky's plays show life and everyday life ordinary people, his works are very realistic, but at the same time pose deep and eternal problems to the viewer.

Ostrovsky can be called the founder Russian theater, he created a new theater school and a new concept of acting.

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky was born on April 12 (March 31, old style) 1823 in Moscow.

As a child, Alexander received good home education- studied ancient Greek, Latin, French, German, and subsequently English, Italian, Spanish.

In 1835-1840, Alexander Ostrovsky studied at the First Moscow Gymnasium.

In 1840 he entered Moscow University at the Faculty of Law, but in 1843, due to a collision with one of the professors, he left his studies.

In 1943-1945 he served in the Moscow Conscientious Court (a provincial court that considered civil cases through the conciliation procedure and some criminal cases).

1845-1851 - worked in the office of the Moscow Commercial Court, resigning with the rank of provincial secretary.

In 1847, Ostrovsky published in the newspaper "Moscow City Listok" the first draft of the future comedy "Our People - Let's Count Together" entitled "The Insolvent Debtor", then the comedy "Picture of Family Happiness" (later "Family Picture") and the prose essay "Notes of Zamoskvoretsky" resident."

Ostrovsky received recognition from the comedy “Our People - We Will Be Numbered” (original title “Bankrupt”), which was completed at the end of 1849. Before publication, the play received favorable reviews from writers Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Goncharov, and historian Timofey Granovsky. The comedy was published in 1950 in the magazine "Moskvityanin". Censorship, which saw the work as an insult to the merchant class, did not allow its production on stage - the play was first staged in 1861.

Since 1847, Ostrovsky collaborated as an editor and critic with the magazine "Moskvityanin", publishing his plays in it: "Morning young man", "An Unexpected Case" (1850), the comedy "Poor Bride" (1851), "Don't Get in Your Own Sleigh" (1852), "Poverty is not a Vice" (1853), "Don't Live the Way You Want" (1854 ).

After the publication of "Moskvityanin" ceased, Ostrovsky in 1856 moved to "Russian Messenger", where his comedy "At Someone Else's Feast a Hangover" was published in the second book of that year. But he did not work for this magazine for long.

Since 1856, Ostrovsky has been a permanent contributor to the Sovremennik magazine. In 1857 he wrote the plays “A Profitable Place” and “A Festive Sleep Before Dinner”, in 1858 - “The Characters Didn’t Get Along”, in 1859 - “The Kindergarten” and “The Thunderstorm”.

In the 1860s, Alexander Ostrovsky turned to historical drama, considering such plays necessary in the theater repertoire. He created a cycle of historical plays: "Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk" (1861), "The Voevoda" (1864), "Dmitry the Pretender and Vasily Shuisky" (1866), "Tushino" (1866), the psychological drama "Vasilisa Melentyeva" (1868 ).

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky is a writer, playwright and a person whose work has become the most important stage in the development of the Russian national theater. Alexander Nikolaevich was born on March 31, 1823, his father was an official lawyer, and his mother came from the lower clergy. He was born and raised in Moscow, as a child he lived in Zamoskvorechye, and he studied for five years at the First Moscow Gymnasium, later for three years at Moscow University at the Faculty of Law, and in 1843 he left the university. From this year until 1851, he served in the Moscow courts, the first work was written directly under the influence of this work, this work was “Notes of a Zamoskvoretsky Resident,” written in 1847. The same year marked the start of its dramatic direction; the first work, “Family Picture,” was written, which was originally called “Picture of Family Happiness.” A little later, three years later, he published the comedy “Bankrut”, later it was called “Our People - Let’s Be Numbered!” It was this work that opened Ostrovsky as a writer for such famous personalities, like Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, Timofey Nikolaevich Granovsky and others. But this comedy also caused a lot of noise, as a result of which Ostrovsky was placed under police supervision.

Ostrovsky ridiculed the merchants, their life, and behavior in his works. In 1851, he wrote the work “The Poor Bride,” in which he colorfully described the life of bureaucrats. At this time, he was actively working both as a writer and as an editor in the Moskvityanin magazine. A certain “young editorial staff” was created there, which included Alexander Nikolaevich; this community was strong friends even outside of work. In 1852, Ostrovsky wrote the play “Don’t Get in Your Own Sleigh,” in 1853, “Poverty is not a Vice,” and in 1854, “Don’t Live the Way You Want.” Ostrovsky's works reveal a change in his attitude towards the merchants.
Starting from the last works written by Ostrovsky, his dramatic abilities grew, and over the next three decades in the Moscow Maly and St. Petersburg Alexandrinsky theaters Every season they staged a new play of his.

Ostrovsky has been working for the Sovremennik magazine since 1856. Since 1851, his attitude towards the merchants, his style of criticism in his works became the same. In 1855, the work “At Someone Else’s Feast is a Hangover” was written. It was in this comedy that Ostrovsky first used the word “tyrant,” which was entrenched in Alexander Nikolaevich’s work for a long time.

In 1856, the comedy “Profitable Place” was written, which demonstrated the bribery of officials, and two years later the play “The Pupil” was written. And on next year The drama "The Thunderstorm" was written. This work has become a cult piece. It describes aspects of rudeness, bigotry, and the power of the rich and "elders" in a provincial town. In the 60s he writes one every year domestic comedy or drama. 1863 - “Hard Days”, 1864 - “Jokers”, 1865 - “The Deep”. At the same time, historical plays were also published: 1861 - “Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk”, 1864 - “The Voevoda”, 1866 - “Dmitry the Pretender and Vasily Shuisky”, as well as the work “Tushino”.

New breath touching satirical comedies was marked by the release in 1868 of the works “Enough Simplicity for Every Wise Man”, “Warm Heart”, in 1869 of the work “Mad Money”, in 1870 - “The Forest”, and in 1875 “Wolves and Sheep”. At the beginning of the 1870s, the play “Labor Bread” and the fairy tale “The Snow Maiden” were written.

The last years of his work became significant for his biography, as he wrote many works that are famous today. “Dowry” 1878, “ The last victim"at the same time, "Talents and Admirers" 1882. Ostrovsky's plays were made huge contribution in the development of the Russian scene. His dramaturgy gave many people an understanding of man. Alexander Nikolaevich lived interesting life, which has benefited many. The playwright died in 1886 on June 2.