Download the presentation on the topic of chemistry and health. Chemistry and health

13.10.2023

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Chemistry and everyday human life Chemistry, having enormous potential, creates unprecedented materials, increases soil fertility, facilitates a person’s work, saves his time, clothes him, preserves his health, creates coziness and comfort for him, and changes the appearance of people. But the same chemistry can also become dangerous to human health, even deadly.

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Home first aid kit Hydrogen peroxide is an excellent antiseptic. Ammonia and an aqueous solution of ammonia stimulates the respiratory center. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the drugs that is widely used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antirheumatic agent. Medicines for the treatment of the cardiovascular system are validol, corvalol, nitro glycerin.

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Detergents and detergents Currently, synthetic detergents are widely used. The main one is synthetic surfactants, in which a long hydrocarbon limiting radical is connected to a sulfate or sulfonate group. In addition to surfactants, SMS also includes other components: bleach, softener, foaming agents, aromatic fragrances. The most common oxygen-containing bleaches are sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate.

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Chemical hygiene products and cosmetics Cosmetics and hygiene are closely related, since there are cosmetics (lotion, creams, shampoos, gels) that perform a hygienic function. Important hygiene products include, first of all, soaps and detergents.

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Dental care products The most important dental care products are toothpastes. The main components of toothpaste are as follows: abrasives, binders, foaming agents and thickeners. The first of them provide mechanical cleaning of teeth from plaque and polishing. The most commonly used abrasives are chemically precipitated calcium carbonate, as well as calcium phosphates and polymeric sodium metaphosphate.

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Deodorants Deodorants are produced in solid form, roll-on and in aerosol packaging. Aerosol cans use liquefied gases whose boiling point is very low. They easily pass into the gas phase and not only push the base out of the container, but, expanding, spray it into small droplets. For a long time, only chlorofluorocarbons performed this role.

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Cosmetics The pearlescent effect is created by bismuthyl salts or mica containing about 40% titanium oxide. Dilute aqueous solutions of highly soluble salts of lead, silver, copper, and bismuth are used as hair dyes. Hair lightening is done using a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Coloring shampoos contain p-phenylenediamine, resorcinol and other similar compounds.

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Fats Fats make up an essential part of our food. They are found in meat, fish, dairy products, and grains. Components of natural fat, important of which are phosphatides, sterols, vitamins, pigments and odor carriers. Phosphatides are actually also esters, but their composition, unlike fats, includes residues of phosphoric acid and amino alcohol. Sterols are natural polycyclic compounds of very complex configuration. A representative is cholesterol. Vitamins. They are rich in the liver of fish and sea animals, vegetable fats, and butter. Pigments are substances that give color to fats. Odor carriers are very diverse and complex in structure; there are more than 20 of them in butter.

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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the main energy providers for the human body. Glucose is a monosaccharide. Glucose is easily absorbed by the body, because in its molecule the carbon and hydrogen atoms are partially oxidized and combined with oxygen. Fructose is also a monosaccharide, an isomer of glucose. Sucrose is a disaccharide. In everyday life it's just sugar. Lactose is a disaccharide. Starch is a polysaccharide consisting of many units that are remnants of glucose molecules. Glycogen is similar in structure to starch, but differs from it in the greater branching of its molecules. Cellulose is a plant polysaccharide consisting of many units that are remnants of glucose molecules.

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“The role of chemistry in human life” - Make no mistake. Chemistry at a summer cottage. Sand. What was the granddaughter's answer? Masses. Chemistry in medicine. Cement powder. Mass of perhydrol. Solution. Calcium chloride solution. Hair salon worker. Chemistry in everyday life. Calculate the masses of the components. Grandmother. Chemistry in industry. Sum of mass. What was the answer? Calcium chloride solution is used in medicine.

“Polymer hydrogels” - Synthesis of polymer hydrogels. Polymer hydrogels in biology. Swelling and collapse. Such an “organ” can work completely autonomously. Polymer hydrogels. During infection, the acidity of the environment increases in the area of inflammation. A polymeric insoluble hydrogel, at normal blood pH (7.4), is capable of retaining antibiotics.

“Chemistry and human life” - Natural toxicants. Planetary system. Chemical basis of life. Protein is the basis of life. Nitrogen cycle in nature. Pollution. Chemistry and life. Biologically active nitrogen compounds. Components of the cycle. Nitrogen compounds. Biogenic elements. Natural pollutants. Living matter. Elements. Human activity.

"Chemistry and Environment" - Waste. Carbon monoxide. A lot of dust accumulates on carpeting. Cellulose binds water. Sulfuric and nitric acids, sulfates, nitrates. Fermentation. A mixture of gases that is formed from organic residues. Excessive algae growth. Repeating processes of transformation of substances, movement of atoms.

“The meaning of chemistry” - Soaps. Matches and lighters. Cosmetical tools. Chemistry and food. Foam glass. Chemistry and everyday human life. Squirrels. Candle and light bulb. Salt. Deodorants. Development of the food industry. Pencils. Items and products. Chemical hygiene and cosmetic products. Dental care products.

"Chemistry and Health" - Johann Rudolf Glauber found that one discovered substance has a strong laxative effect. He called it amazing salt. What process is used to obtain cream. Chemistry and health. Lactic acid products are good for health. Which flooring is healthier? in Rus' they always loved and knew how to drink tea.

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The presentation on the topic “Chemistry and Human Health” (grade 10) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Chemistry. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 31 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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Chemistry and health

Chemistry teacher of the highest category Chekmareva A.M.

Secondary school No. 7, Sosnovy Bor 2004

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Health issues in chemistry lessons

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Forms of work

Introduction of health issues into the content of the lesson: Health lessons “Nutrition and Health”, about drugs, tobacco and smoking; re-generalizing lessons Partial introduction of some questions into the content of the lesson - the importance of the substances studied in the topic for the human body, rules for handling substances Introduction of material into the content of calculation problems Optional classes and club work.

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Problems on basic concepts and laws of chemistry

From the list below, write down separately the names of substances and the names of bodies, observing the order in which they are written: pen, glass, glass, tin, pencil, plate, ceramics, glasses, mercury, aluminum, talc. By making a word from the first letters of substances, you will find out who is the author of the lines “Health is not everything, but everything without health is nothing.” Answer: Glass, Tin, Ceramics, Mercury, Aluminum, Talc

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Write down the Russian names of chemical elements: Ba, Al, Ni, N, Na. From the first letters of the names you will recognize the fruit, which is recommended for the prevention of aggressive manifestations; Answer: Banana. but it is better not to eat it on an empty stomach, as this contributes to the formation of gases. It turns out that frozen fruit tastes the same as vanilla ice cream, it is no less sweet, and it contains significantly less calories and fat.

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Determine how much copper substance contains 31 10²³ atoms. The answer will tell you the body's daily requirement for copper (in milligrams). Copper is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin and determines the antioxidant potential of blood serum.

Solution: n (Cu) = 31 10²³ / 6.02 10²³ = 5 (mol) Answer: 5 mg

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Knowing the quantitative content of chemical elements in the human body and their significance, it is possible to draw up various tasks.

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What amount of substance is carbon dioxide, occupying a volume of 134.4 liters? By calculating, you will find out how many minutes of life one smoked cigarette takes.

Solution: Vm (CO2) = 22.4 mol/l n (CO2) = 134.4 / 22.4 = 6 (mol). Answer: One smoked cigarette takes 6 minutes. life.

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You will find out the amount of noise in decibels that leads to complete deafness if you stay in it for several hours by calculating the molar mass of aluminum sulfide. The normal noise level is equal to the mass of 0.2 mol of aluminum sulfide.

Solution: M (Al2S3) = 150 g/mol Mass of 0.2 mol Al2S3 = 30 g Answer: The amount of noise that causes deafness is 150 dB. Normal noise level is 30 dB. The sound volume of music amplifiers in discos is 110 dB

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Calculate how much of the substance is: a) water weighing 162 grams, b) water weighing 180 grams. The answers you receive will tell you how many hours of sleep a middle school student needs to fully relax. Answer: sleep duration for middle school students is 9-10 hours, for high school students at least 8.5 hours

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Multivariate problems

Calculate what amount of substance is a) calcium oxide weighing 5.6 g b) potassium oxide weighing 4.7 g c) sulfur oxide (IV) weighing 16 g d) sulfur oxide (VI) weighing 5.12 g e) zinc oxide – 81g The answer will tell you how many mg of vitamins are contained in 100g of milk. Solution: a) vitamin A -0.10 mg b) vitamin B1 - 0.05 mg c) vitamin B2 - 0.17 mg d) vitamin PP - 0.08 mg e) vitamin C -1.00 mg

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By calculating the mass fractions of chemical elements in an ethyl alcohol molecule, you will find out what diseases arise as a result of alcohol abuse. The answers to the problem correspond to the numbers of diseases: 0.2 – flu, runny nose; 0.52 – peptic ulcer, enuresis; 0.13 – dementia, hallucinations; 0.48 – flat feet; 0.35 - impotence Solution: M (C2H6O) = 24 + 6 + 16 = 46 ω (C) = 24 / 46 = 0.52 ω (H) = 6 / 46 = 0.13 ω (O) = 16 / 46 = 0.35 For monohydric alcohols, with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, their hemolytic effect increases (hemolysis - destruction of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin into the external environment). Alcohols are hemolytic poisons (such as snake venoms)

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Draw up equations for chemical reactions, and by the number of substances involved in the reaction, you can determine the products that a) stimulate metabolism in the brain and thereby facilitate the learning process: sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid: 1-carrots; 2- pineapple; 3- peas; 4 – bread b) facilitate the perception of information and restore strength aluminum with a solution of sulfuric acid: 1 – tomato; 2- lemon; 3- grapefruit; 4 – sausages c) neutralize negative emotions: iron with chlorine: 1 – cucumber; 2- banana; 3- strawberry; 4 - apple Answer: a) carrots and pineapple (Na2CO3 + 2 HCl →); b) lemon – facilitates the perception of information, grapefruit restores strength (2Al + 3 H2SO4 →); c) banana and strawberry (2Fe + 3 Cl2 →)

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Write down the equations of chemical reactions and, based on the number of electrons involved in the oxidation process, determine how the surrounding colors affect the human condition: 1. Oxidation of aluminum red: 1-sadness, 2-calm, 3-activity and irritability, 4 - composure 2. Interaction zinc with hydrochloric acid yellow - 1 absentmindedness, 2 - activity and optimism, 3 - passivity and weakness, 4 - melancholy 3. Interaction of iron with chlorine green - 1 - excitement, 2 - aggressiveness, 3 - calmness, 4 - fatigue 4. Combustion sulfur blue - 1 - aggressiveness, 2 - openness, 3 - irritability, 4 - tenderness Answer: 1. Al - 3e → Al+3 red: 3 - activity and irritability 2. Zn - 2e → Zn+2 yellow: 2 - activity and optimism 3. Fe – 3e → Fe+3 green: 3 - calm 4. S – 4e → S+4 blue: 4 - tenderness According to scientists, the color and interior of a room reflect a person’s habits, largely determining his mood and well-being. When choosing the color scheme of a room, you need to take into account its illumination. Sufficient lighting relieves fatigue.

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Write down the chemical reaction equations: a) oxidation of phosphorus (V) b) combustion of ammonia in the absence of a catalyst c) oxidation of ammonia in the presence of a platinum catalyst d) decomposition of iron(III) nitrate, equalize, add the coefficients in the chemical reaction equations and you will find out: a) c What time does a person have the highest performance? b) at what time does a person feel the greatest fatigue? c) at what time does a person have an evening rise in performance? d) when is it necessary to stop all activities? Using the acquired knowledge about biological rhythms when creating a daily routine will allow you to achieve maximum performance and increase the body’s resistance to fatigue. Answer: a) 4P + 5O2 = 2 P2O5 (11 hours) b) 4NH3 + 3O2 = 2N2 + 6H2O (15 hours) c) 4NH3 + 5O2 = 4NO + 6H2O (19 hours) d) 4Fe (NO3)3 = 2 Fe2O3 + 12 NO2 + 3 O2 (21 hours)

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Heuristic tasks

Barium sulfate is used in medicine as an X-ray contrast agent, but the admixture of barium carbonate is unacceptable in it. There are known cases of poisoning if an admixture of barium carbonate was present in barium sulfate. Explain the cause of poisoning and how to avoid it. Solution: Barium sulfate is considered harmless because it is insoluble in water. But barium ion is very toxic. If barium sulfate contains an admixture of barium carbonate, then, once in the acidic environment of the stomach, the barium ion will go into solution: BaCO3 + 2HCl = BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O BaCO3 + 2H+ = Ba²+ + CO2 + H2O To get rid of impurities, it is possible to prepare a suspension not in distilled water, but in sulfate solutions, for example, in a solution of sodium sulfate. That is, it is necessary to convert all impurities of barium compounds into insoluble sulfate.

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Problems with solutions

For an X-ray examination of the stomach, the patient is given a suspension of barium sulfate to drink. Why is sulfate used and not chloride? How can you prepare barium sulfate using sulfuric acid? What mass of 49% sulfuric acid must be taken to obtain 100 g of barium sulfate?

Solution: Barium chloride is a soluble salt, it will be in the form of ions, and barium sulfate in the form of a suspension can be “caught” by an X-ray machine. H2SO4 + BaCl2 = 2НCl + Ba SO4↓ n (Ba SO4) = 100/233 = 0.429 (mol) n (H2SO4) = 0.429 mol according to the equation. m (H2SO4) = 0.429 98 = 42 (g) m solution (H2SO4) = 42 0.49 = 20.6 (g)

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Glucose in medicine is used in the form of solutions of various concentrations, which serve as a source of liquid and nutritional material, and also help neutralize and remove poisons from the body. Calculate in what mass of a glucose solution with a mass fraction of 5% should 120 g of it be dissolved in order to obtain a solution with a mass fraction of glucose of 8%.

Solution: Let the mass of the 5% solution be x, then 0.05x + 120 = 0.08x + 120 · 0.08 110.4 = 0.03x x = 3680 3680 g of 5% solution is required.

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Tasks arising from the life of the school. Civil Defense and Emergency

In case of air pollution with chlorine, you can protect yourself with gauze bandages soaked in a 5% solution of baking soda and go to the top floor of the school building. Explain this phenomenon from a chemical point of view. Solution: chlorine is heavier than air DвCl2 = 71/29 = 2.45 sodium bicarbonate - a salt formed by a weak acid and a strong base, hydrolysis occurs at the anion - the medium is alkaline, chlorine is neutralized by Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O

In case of ammonia contamination of the atmosphere, wear gauze bandages soaked in a 3% acetic acid solution and be located on the first floors. Explain this phenomenon from a chemical point of view. Solution: ammonia is lighter than air Dв NH3 = 17/29 = 0.59 ammonia has basic properties and is neutralized by acetic acid: NH3 + CH3COOH = CH3COONH4

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Safety regulations

The simplest way to remove spilled mercury is to treat the contaminated area with iodine tincture. What mass of iodine tincture containing 5% iodine should be used to destroy 2 g of mercury. Solution: 2Hg + I2 = Hg2I2 n(Hg)/2=n(I2)/1 n (Hg) = m (Hg) / M (Hg) n(I2) = m (I2) / M (I2) = ω (I2) x m (p-ra)/ M (I2) m (p - p) = m (Hg) x M (I2) / (2 M (Hg) ω (I2) ) m (p - p) = 2.254./ (2.201/0.05)= 25.3 (g)

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"Home" tasks

Poor dental care, especially untimely removal of food debris, is one of the causes of caries. Why are carbohydrate foods (white bread, cookies, sugar) especially dangerous for teeth?

Answer: Numerous bacteria in the mouth consume sugar from food. During their life, the decomposition of carbohydrates produces lactic acid, which increases the acidity of saliva, which has a destructive effect on the enamel and hard tissues of teeth. The more sugar in your mouth, the more likely it is to develop caries!!!

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With improper oral care, teeth become very sensitive to hot and cold food, but these sensations go away if you brush your teeth twice a day with a toothpaste containing fluoride. How can this fact be explained from a chemical point of view? Answer: Fluorine compounds convert Ca5OH(PO4)3 into CaF2, and it, in turn, is adsorbed on the enamel, protecting it from the effects of acids formed during the decomposition of food. Also, fluoride compounds suppress the activity of bacteria, the enamel is not destroyed and becomes insensitive to hot and cold food.

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Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid. Excess of it (high acidity) causes heartburn in the body. If hydrochloric acid is below normal, then the person has low acidity. For heartburn, baking soda is often taken at home. Write down the equations of the chemical reaction. Is it possible to get rid of heartburn forever with the help of baking soda? Why?

Answer: NaHCO3 + HCl = NaCl + CO2 + H2O Using baking soda cannot permanently get rid of “heartburn” since temporary neutralization of the acid leads to a further increase in its formation: CO2 + H2O + Cl¯ → HCl + HCO3¯

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Potassium permanganate –KMnO4 is used in medicine in the form of a 5% solution for lubricating burned areas and as a hemostatic agent. Determine the mass of potassium permanganate and water required to prepare 50 g of this solution. Weaker solutions are used to rinse the mouth and throat as a disinfectant due to its high oxidizing ability. Solution: m(KMnO4) = 50 0.05 = 2.5 9 (g). m(H2O) = 50 – 2.5 = 47.5 (g)

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What substances found in the home medicine cabinet, such as disinfectants, can be used to obtain oxygen. Write down the equations of chemical reactions and the conditions for their implementation:

Solution: 2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 2H2O2 = 2H2O + O2 (tº above 150º or slow decomposition at room temperature)

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The home medicine cabinet contains substances such as potassium permanganate, ammonia, and ethyl alcohol. Discuss the possibility of interaction between them. Write equations for possible reactions and indicate the conditions under which they occur. What do you know about their use as medications?

Solution: 2KMnO4 + 3C2 H5OH = 2MnO2 + C H3CHO + 2KOH + 2H2O (20-30º) 2KMnO4 + 2(NH3 H2O) conc. = 2MnO2 + N2 + 2KOH + H2O

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Using substances from the home medicine cabinet, the student tried to carry out chemical reactions. What substances does he need to take, and under what conditions should he carry out chemical reactions, if he expects to obtain the following substances (all reaction products are indicated without coefficients)

MnO2 + CH3CHO + KOH + H2O MnO2 + N2 + KOH + H2O

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Purgen (phenolphthalein) is used as a laxative. What color will purgen get in solutions of ammonia, drinking soda, ethyl alcohol. Motivate your answer. Answer: Ammonia solution is an alkali, sodium bicarbonate solution has an alkaline environment, therefore, phenolphthalein acquires a crimson color: HCO3- + H2O = H2CO3 + OH-

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Tasks can be:

offer students as a chemical warm-up at the beginning of the lesson when consolidating new material, as an additional task during a test, as a creative task for independently composing problems, or offer to match mathematical calculations with material on health conservation

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Materials for composing tasks:

The presence of chemical elements in the human body, in which organs they are located, their role, toxicity, sources, daily intake About the role of some substances (water, silver, vitamins) The use of inorganic substances as medicines About chemical phenomena in the human body (buffer systems, electrochemical phenomena, diffusion and osmosis phenomena) Chemistry and hygiene About food and food products Did you know that...

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