6 secret orders of Freemasons, Rosicrucians. Rosicrucian Order, opposition to the Illuminati

The Ancient Mystical Order of the Rose and Cross, known throughout the world under the acronym A.M.O.R.S. (D.M.O.R.K.), is not a recently created philosophical movement. From the point of view of history and tradition, D.M.O.R.K. dates back to the Mystery Schools Ancient Egypt, where enlightened mystics gathered together to learn the secrets of existence. That is why they were called "Mystery Schools" (or "Mystery Schools"). They united researchers seeking a better understanding of the laws of nature and the universe. In this sense, the word “mysteries” in Antiquity, i.e. during the times of the ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman civilizations, did not have the meaning accepted today. It did not apply to "mysterious", "fantastic" or "strange", but rather meant gnosis, secret knowledge.

Mystery schools

One of the first mystery schools in Egypt was the school of Osiris. Her teachings concerned the life, death and resurrection of the god Osiris. It was presented in the form theatrical performances or, more precisely, ritual dramas. Only people who had proven their sincere thirst for knowledge could be revealed to the Osiric myths. Over the centuries, the initiation rites in these schools became even more complex. Their mystical activities became more secretive and began to take place exclusively in temples, a large number of which were built for this purpose. The Rosicrucian Tradition has taught us that the most revered among the initiates was the pyramid complex at Giza. And contrary to what historians claim, these pyramids were never the tombs of the pharaohs. They were places of mystical activities and initiations.

The initiation included a rite of symbolic death for the candidate. Placed in a sarcophagus and brought into a state of detachment of consciousness, he could feel for a moment the separation of soul and body. This division was intended to prove to him his duality. After which he made a solemn vow to devote his entire life to mysticism, gaining inner confidence that the goal human life is the improvement of the soul on the path of earthly incarnation. By taking an oath, he gained access to the most secret knowledge that could be available to a mortal.

The initiates of Ancient Egypt imprinted part of their knowledge on the walls of temples and on numerous papyri. Another, no less important part of it was secretly passed on from mouth to mouth. The famous Egyptologist E.A. Wallis Budge speaks respectfully of the Mystery Schools in one of his works. Here is what he writes on this subject: "There must have been a gradual development in these 'mysteries', and some of them seem to have been completely unknown at the time Ancient kingdom. There is no doubt that these mysteries formed part of the Egyptian rituals, and in this case, it can be argued that the Order, nurtured by the priests of Keri-Hebs, possessed secret esoteric knowledge jealously guarded by the Masters. Each of them, if I understand the obvious correctly, possessed gnosis, that is, a higher knowledge that was never entrusted to written expression; they directly expanded or decreased the field of its action, according to the circumstances. Consequently, it would be absurd to look in Egyptian papyri for a description of the secrets that constitute the esoteric knowledge of Keri-Hebs."

Pharaohs are mystics

Pharaoh Thutmose III (1504 - 1447 BC) united all initiates into a single brotherhood, the rules and foundations of which are embodied today in D.M.O.R.K. During the ceremony when he was appointed by the CareyHebs to succeed his father, he experienced a mystical revelation proving that he was destined to become the Grand Master of the secret brotherhood. The Rosicrucian tradition says that he felt himself “ascended” to heaven and thereby proved his cosmic chosenness. Thanks to the rules established by Thutmose III, this brotherhood, whose members worked in various mystery schools, each of which had its own charter, became a real mystical Order with a single code.

Almost seventy years later, Pharaoh Amenhotep IV was born in the royal palace of Thebes, becoming the most enlightened man of his time. Accepted very early into the secret Order, he became so imbued with its teachings that he changed his former name, calling himself Akhenaten, which means “close to Aten” or “glory to Aten.” In Egypt, he initiated radical changes in the fields of religion, culture and art. By challenging the priests of Amon, he declared for the first time that God was one, and this was said in an era when polytheism was prevalent everywhere. He devoted his entire life to the fight against the darkness of ignorance and the spread of the mystical ideals of the Order. Soon after his death in 1350 BC. e. The Theban priests restored the cult of Amun, but Akhenaten’s case had already become part of history.

Spread of the Order in the West

From Egypt, the Order spread to Greece through the ancient Greek philosophers Thales and Pythagoras (VII and VI centuries BC), then to Italy under the influence of Plotinus (203 - 270). In the era of Charlemagne (742 - 814), thanks to the philosopher Arno, the Order penetrated into France, and then into Germany, England and the Netherlands. Over the next centuries, alchemists and Templars contributed to the spread of the Order in the East and West. Due to restrictions on freedom of conscience, at times he had to hide under various names. However, in all eras and in all countries he did not cease his activities, spreading his ideals and teachings, directly or indirectly participating in the development of art, science and civilization as a whole, always proclaiming the equality of the sexes and the true brotherhood of man.

A brief explanation is in order here. Often, in close connection with the history of Rosicrucianism, the name of “Christian Rosenkreutz” (1378 - 1484) is mentioned as the founder of the Order, from which it is concluded that the Order appeared only in the 14th century. This is a misconception. In fact, when in each country a moment arose favorable for the revival of the Order, the necessary steps were taken to publish a manifesto or proclamation announcing the opening of the “grave” where the “body” of the Grand Master of the KRK rested, along with rare valuables and manuscripts that gave the right to those who discovered them begin a new cycle of activity of the Order. This announcement was an allegorical act, and the initials “KRK” did not hide a real person. They were a symbolic title given to certain leaders of the Order. It is in the light of these explanations that the story of the legendary Christian Rosenkreutz should be understood.

Cyclic revival

In the 17th century, the Order gained its greatest fame after the publication and widespread dissemination of the treatise "Fama Fraternitatis", erroneously attributed later to Valentin Andrea (1586 - 1654). This treatise in fact represented one of the elements of preparation for the next cycle of activity of the Order, which, following its own law, after a period of one hundred and eight years of activity, leaves the stage in order to resume its social activities after one hundred and eight years. During one of these periods the Order became officially known as the Order of the Rose and Cross.

In 1693, Rosicrucian settlers from many European countries, led by Grand Master Johannes Kalpius (1673 - 1708), reached the New World aboard the Sarah Mary. Early in 1694 they settled in Philadelphia. A few years later, some of them moved to southern Pennsylvania, founding a new colony. Having created their own printing house, they published a large number of masterpieces of mystical literature, and it was thanks to these European Rosicrucians that the true teaching of the Rose and Cross spread to America. Under his influence, many American political institutions were born and science and art received unprecedented development in the United States. Famous figures such as Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1826) and Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790) worked closely with these Rosicrucians.

Modern cycle D.M.O.R.K.

In 1801, in accordance with established rules, the Order in the United States entered a period of silence. At the same time, he remained active in Germany, France, Russia and the East. In 1909, Dr. Harvey Spencer Lewis went to France to obtain information about the Order there. For several years he studied metaphysics and esotericism there. After passing many exams and tests, he was able to meet with one of the French leaders of the Order. Some time later he received initiation in Toulouse and was officially authorized to prepare the revival of the Order in America.

When everything was ready for this, the manifesto announcing the new cycle of activity of the Order was the brochure “Ancient Mystical Order of the Rose and Cross (D.M.O.R.C.)”. In accordance with the charter, the Supreme Council of the Order in the United States proclaimed Dr. Lewis Emperor, and he successfully carried out his mission, disseminating the traditional knowledge of the Order and in every possible way developing its activities within its jurisdiction. After the death of Harvey Spencer Lewis in 1939, his son Ralph Maxwell Lewis was installed as Emperor. After the Second World War, the leaders of the Order in Europe decided to apply throughout the world the teaching methods adopted by the Order in the USA. Currently, D.M.O.R.C. is the sole guardian of the Rosicrucian tradition in those countries where his activities are permitted by law.

Currently the highest official The Ancient Mystical Order of the Rose and Cross is Christian Bernard, elected to Supreme Council. According to this title, he is the guarantor of the Rosicrucian Tradition in all countries of the world.

For centuries, seekers of Rose and Cross knowledge have knocked on our door to be invited and join with us in the search for the Inner Light.

The Rosicrucian Order has always provided the best of its knowledge to its members, so its members have always been the best in every era. Men and Women studied in our schools, studying the highest laws of Nature, becoming capable of reading the BOOK OF THE WORLD, becoming the visible and invisible elite of all times.

The Rosicrucian Order does not care about the number of its members. The Order always carefully selects those who sincerely desire wisdom and understanding. Only those who thirst Supreme Light knowledge will be accepted into the Order.

If you TRULY thirst for the eternal knowledge disseminated by the Order, which has been making free men and women of good will for centuries, you can fill out a request to join the Order as an adept of the Inner Light.

The titles and titles of adepts are not important to us. We don't care about your age, race, gender, religion or political views. It is important to us that only worthy people are admitted to the Ancient Wisdom of the Rosicrucians. If this is your case, we will open the doors of our brotherhood to you. We will accept you as a person who wishes to have his name included in the list of true seekers who long for the Rosicrucian Order to become for them something more than a symbol, to become a State of Being.

If it's just curiosity, don't try to send a request, it will be rejected anyway. But if you are someone who wants to know more about Life and the Universe, to achieve Wisdom that transforms you into a Master of Life and the master of your existence, WE INVITE you to become a member of the Rosicrucian Order. To do this, fill out the form below, indicate your email address and the country where you live and send it to us. You will receive a response to your email indicating the next steps to join the Order. When you receive the letter, please read it carefully, study the information received and the invitation to join, which you need to fill out and forward to the Central Residence to complete the entry steps to become a full member of our Order.

CONTRIBUTIONS.Any organization, in order to function and provide its members with due attention and support, must have sufficient funds to support its existence, this is an obvious truth, and you will understand that in the Rosicrucian Order our members help the Order through contributions. These contributions provide the cost of printing and distributing the Rosicrucian Order's lessons to our members and our Lodges, and support the Education Department, Administration and other personnel maintaining the office, publishing and other services of the Order.

We all know that knowledge cannot be bought or sold, but if an organization does not have sufficient funds, it will not be able to transfer it to those who are truly willing and worthy to receive it.

The Rosicrucian Order is without a doubt an esoteric organization offering a huge and superior service to its members, both in the breadth of its knowledge and the quality of the materials provided, and in its attention to each member, in the form of individual consultations on training issues, as well as on other issues in all departments of the Order. And it is only right that all members of the Rosicrucian Order help support its activities through contributions.

On the other hand, man by nature values ​​only what has cost him effort, and the Rosicrucian training is TOO IMPORTANT not to give it its corresponding value.

The Rosicrucian Order covers its expenses with the help of a REGISTRATION FEE, an ENTRY FEE and regular CONTRIBUTIONS sent to the Residence of the Order. This form of contribution not only supports the activities of the Order, but also helps to keep at a distance those who only pursue the goal of satisfying their curiosity at the expense of the efforts of others.

Along with the application for membership in the Rosicrucian Order, you will find information about fees and branches for paying them in your country.

If YOU are a true seeker of the Inner Light and wish to share the wisdom of the Rosicrucians, please fill out the following form.

They were called " Fama Fraternitatis RC» ( Glory of the RC Brotherhood) And " Confessio Fraternitatis» ( RC Fraternity Religion). In 1616, an allegorical treatise “The Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz” was added to them. From these texts it followed that since ancient times in Europe there has been the “most revered order” of mystics, philosophers, and scientists, whose goal is the “worldwide reformation of mankind.” According to the Rosicrucians, their teachings are built "on ancient esoteric truths" which "hidden from the common man provide an understanding of nature, the physical universe and the spiritual realm," symbolized in part by the brotherhood's emblem, the rose blooming on the cross.

In the first centuries of its existence, Rosicrucianism was closely associated with Lutheranism and Protestantism in general. Francis Yeats sees the 17th-century Rosicrucians as forerunners of the Age of Enlightenment. According to historian David Stevenson, this cultural movement had a significant influence on the emergence of a similar mystical society in Scotland, Freemasonry. Subsequently, many secret societies derived their continuity and rituals in whole or in part from the German Rosicrucians of the 16th-17th centuries. (and through them - from the templars or even the knights of the Round Table).

Three manifestos

The text “Fama Fraternitatis” sets out the legend of a German scientist and mystic philosopher called “Brother C.R.C.” (only in the third manifesto his name is deciphered as Christian Rosenkreutz, which literally means “Rose Cross”). It is stated that "our Christian Father" was born in 1378 and lived 106 years. The first manifesto stated that Christian was initially raised in a monastery and then went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. However, he preferred communication with the sages of Damascus, Fez and the mysterious Damkar to traveling to Jerusalem. Returning to his homeland, together with three students, he created the “brotherhood of the rose and the cross”, the main goal of which was to comprehend divine wisdom, reveal the secrets of nature and help people. Traditionally, the year 1407 is considered the date of creation of the brotherhood.

According to legend, during the life of Christian Rosenkreutz, the "Order of the Rose and Cross" consisted of no more than eight members, each of whom was a doctor or bachelor. They all swore not to charge fees for treating the sick, to keep the brotherhood a secret, and to find a replacement before they died. In 1484, Rosenkreutz died, and only 120 years later his grave with secret books (according to his prediction) was discovered by his followers. The Latin motto was inscribed on his mausoleum: “We are born of God. In Christ we die. We are resurrected in the Holy Spirit".

Three Rosicrucian manifestos that appeared in Germany early XVII century, attracted the keen interest of contemporaries. Many outstanding scientists and philosophers of that time tried to confirm the real existence of the mysterious brotherhood - and subsequently some of them (such as Michael Mayer, physician and secretary of Emperor Rudolf II) claimed that they succeeded. Much more often, manifestos were regarded as a hoax or allegory (this was, for example, Francis Bacon’s attitude towards them), and the real existence of a secret society was denied.

“The Rosicrucian manifestos were intended (at least according to their supposed authors) as intellectual game, a more or less humorous literary experience in the spirit of the utopian genre,” says Umberto Eco. The authorship of “The Chemical Wedding” was attributed to the Lutheran theologian Johann Valentin Andrea (1586-1654), who characterized this work as a play of an idle mind. IN later works he mocks alchemy and places it on a par with music, art, theater and astrology as the most lightweight disciplines. Francis Yates disputes its authorship, and this opinion is the most common.

The emblem of a rose blossoming on a cross was used more than 80 years before the publication of the first manifesto - in the Portuguese monastery of the Order of Christ (Convento de Cristo). This order is the successor to the Templars in Portugal. In 1530, Paracelsus’s minor work “Prognosticatio Eximii Doctoris Paracelsi” was published, which also contains the image of a double cross on a blossoming rose.

Rosicrucians in the 17th and 18th centuries

In the works of Rosicrucian themes, which appeared in the continuation of the 17th century, the nine stages of the involutive-evolutionary transmutation of the trinity body of man, the trinity soul and the trinity spirit are described, literally and figuratively, which constitutes the concept of the “initiatory path”, traditional for many secret teachings.

Manifestos of the early 17th century. attracted attention in many parts of Europe. The idea of ​​the existence of a secret brotherhood of alchemists and sages who sought to improve the arts, sciences, religion and mental life of their states seemed new and in demand then, because the continent was ravaged by political and religious strife. The manifestos were repeatedly republished, which stimulated the emergence of new texts, the authors of which sought to confirm or refute the existence of a secret brotherhood. The peak of interest in the secret society was reached in 1622, when two posters appeared successively on the walls of buildings in the central square of Paris over the course of several days. The first one read: “We, Representatives of the Supreme College of the Rose-Cross, are really located, clearly and invisibly, in this city (...)”, and the second poster ended with the words: “Thoughts, together with the true desire of the seeker, will lead us to him, and his to us" .

For understanding the reaction to the Rosicrucian manifestos, the writings of Michael Mayer (1568-1622) from Germany are most important; Robert Fludd (1574-1637) and Elias Ashmole (1617-1692) from England. Among others, they discussed Rosicrucianism Daniel Mögling, Gotthard Artusius, Julius Sperber, Adrian von Minsicht, Gabriel Naudet , Thomas Vaughn . So, Ashmole was convinced of the real existence of the secret society of the Rose and Cross. Another prominent apologist for Rosicrucianism is Michael Mayer. He insisted that the R.C. brothers exist to develop sacred arts and sciences, including alchemy. However, Mayer himself never announced his own attempts to obtain precious metals (just like Heinrich Kunrath and other supposed Rosicrucians): in the texts of the Rosicrucian circle, the emphasis is on spiritual alchemy as a kind of symbol of the transformation (transformation) of the human soul.

It is possible to speak with complete confidence about the existence of Rosicrucian organizations only from the beginning of the 18th century. In 1710, the Silesian pastor Sigmund Richter, under the pseudonym Sincerus Renatus (“sincerely converted”), published a treatise entitled “Theoretical and Practical Theosophy. The true and complete preparation of the philosopher's stone of brotherhood from the Order of the Golden and Pink Cross." In an essay consisting of 52 articles, Richter introduced himself as a member of this brotherhood and reported that it consists of separate branches, each of which includes 31 adherents. The brotherhood is ruled by an “emperor”; only Masons with a master degree are accepted into it. Two other milestones in the development of 18th-century Rosicrucian doctrine are Georg von Welling's Opus magocabalisticum et theosophicum (1719, a discussion of alchemy and the teachings of Paracelsus) and Aureum Vellus oder Goldenes Vliess (1749, published under a pseudonym German Fiktuld).

Writers of the 17th century, who were sympathetic to the Rosicrucians, were puzzled by the lack of any real evidence of the existence of a secret society in contemporary Europe. The author of the pamphlet “Pia et Utilissima Admonitio de Fratribus Rosae Crucis” (1618) explained this by saying that the Rosicrucians left for the East due to the upheavals associated with the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War. The aforementioned Sigmund Richter also repeats this legend, as does the occult researcher René Guenon. At the same time, Arthur Edward Waite (a prominent historian of Freemasonry and Martinist) was extremely skeptical about the legends about the connection of the Rosicrucians with the East. Based on speculation about continuity in the 19th-20th centuries. Many neo-Rosicrucian societies were formed. They claim to continue the occult tradition, supposedly coming from the “College of the Invisibles” or to continuity from the “Unknown Highest” (Supèrieur Inconnu), “secret leaders”, etc.

Order of the Golden and Rose Cross

The earliest document indicating the integration of the Rosicrucians with the Freemasons dates back to 1761. It was discovered at the end of the 19th century by Freemasonry historian Ludwig Abafi, while working in the archives of the Hungarian counts Festetics. In this note, a certain member of the "Prague community" sets out the rites of the Rosicrucian order and lists its "fathers" who live in Prague, Regensburg and Frankfurt; many of them were simultaneously members of Masonic lodges. The charter of the society he cites almost word for word coincides with the charter of the society of unknown philosophers ( philosophes inconnus), which was published by Baron de Tschudi in 1766, and is probably of French origin.

After improving the hierarchy of the order, the Rosicrucians are announced in Silesia and over time penetrate into Berlin, Hungary, Poland and Russia. In 1767 and 1777 The first known attempts to reform the Rosicrucian Order were made. The most notable apologist for the renewed Rosicrucianism was the Marburg professor of medicine Friedrich Schröder (1733-1778). According to the description of V.N. Pertsev, the highest flowering of the teaching occurred during the reign of the mystical-minded King Frederick William II in Prussia: Rosicrucianism “died with him, and only its pitiful remnants still continued to exist in some places.”

At the end of the 18th century, members of the Order of the Golden and Rose Cross claimed that Rosicrucianism was founded by the followers of the Egyptian sage Ormusse and the "Licht-Weise", who emigrated to Scotland under the name "Builders from the East". After this, the original order supposedly disappeared until it was restored as Freemasonry by Oliver Cromwell. The Society of the Golden and Rose Cross also developed the modern symbolism of Rosicrucianism, set out in the treatise Geheime Figuren der Rosenkreuzer (Altona, 1785).

Rosicrucian Degree in Freemasonry

"Knight of the Rose and Cross" - 18° in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. The first mention of this degree dates back to 1765. The degree entered ritual practice and became widespread after 1780.

After 1782, Freemasonry added the Egyptian, Greek and Druidic mysteries to its ritual practice. Marconi de Negre, with his father Gabriel Marconi, established the Masonic Rite of Memphis in 1839, building on the earlier alchemical and hermetic research of the Rosicrucian scientist Baron de Vesterod. Thus, the degree of Knight of the Rose and Cross appeared in Egyptian Freemasonry. This degree, just like in DPShU, is practiced either at 18° or 17°.

The degree of Knight of the Rose and Cross is found in additional orders of the French Rite. So, initiation into it takes place in the 4th order of this charter.

Selected Cohens and Martinism

Main components of the Teaching

Areas of occult practice

Martinists

Influential figures

Martinist organizations

†Basic symbols and concepts†

Organizations associated with Martinism

Books

Publishers

From 1754 until his death in 1774, Jacques de Lieron Joachim de la Tour de la Case Dom Martinez de Pasqualis was a hereditary Freemason who inherited from his father a patent allegedly issued to him by Charles Stuart and giving him the right to “erect temples to the glory of the Great Architect ", worked tirelessly to establish and promote his Order of the Masonic Knights of the Elect Cohens of the Universe.

Modern societies

The diverse groups that associated themselves with the "Rosicrucian tradition" can be divided into three categories: esoteric-Christian Rosicrucian societies professing Christ; Masonic Rosicrucian societies such as Societas Rosicruciana; initiatic societies such as the Golden Dawn and the Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis.

Esoteric Christian Rosicrucian societies contain esoteric knowledge related to the internal teachings of Christianity.

After the death of Schwartz, primacy in the internal levels of the order passed to the Moscow group of N. I. Novikov. Novikov claimed that the mystical Field Marshal Repnin was the first to reveal to him that “true Freemasonry is the sacrament of the Rosicrucians,” warning, however, that “true Rosicrucians... are very difficult to find, and joining their society is even more difficult.”

“The armament of the Knights formed the knightly circle: the Round Table, in which the Grail appeared; first guarded by the Knights of the Grail, then by the Knights Templar, and ultimately by the Rosicrucians.<…>The older generation (Kunrath, van Helmont and others) is quite developed; the line went, as they say, underground; and it was the Eastern Brotherhood that actually initiated Novikov.<…>I am called to help; together with Minclova, the three of us will form a real triangle for the construction of the temple of knights; circles will gather around these “two”; Mintslova will communicate with the Brotherhood of Initiates.”

Minclova passed on to her followers in Russia the three-part motto of the Rosicrucians: “ Ex Deo Nascimur (E.D.N.) In Christo mortimur (I.C.M.) In Spiritu Sancto Renascimur (I.S.S.R.)" Ivanov signed letters to other adherents of the secret teaching I.C.M., and Bely - I.S.S.R. Bely ended his story “Kotik Letaev” (1915-16) with the words: “In Christ we die in order to be resurrected in the Spirit.” During this period, the motif of the rose and cross became one of the defining ones in Ivanov’s poetry, and Alexander Blok, carried away by mystical teachings, created his favorite brainchild in 1912 - the play “Rose and Cross”.

The first circle of followers of Rosicrucian teachings in Russia in modern times was organized in Ozerki near St. Petersburg in 1907 by pharmacy clerk Alexander Kordig. Conspiracy theory lists the Rosicrucians as one of the driving forces Russian Revolution of 1917. Before her disappearance in 1910, Mintslova said that “it was as if she had a conversation with one of the great princes and that this latter posed the question of how we should deal with our homeland and what to do with Tsar Nicholas II.”

Thanks to the surviving order documents and texts, the spiritual brotherhood of quasi-Rosicrucians “Lux Astralis”, founded by the poet B. M. Zubakin and which existed from 1912 to 1937, is known. From 1916 to 1933 There was an order of “Moscow Rosicrucian-Manichaeists” (Orionians), whose members developed ceremonial magic.

Under the leadership of V. K. Chekhovsky and E. K. Teger in general circle mystical, religious and occult movements, organizations and groups operating in Russia in the 1920s, from 1925 to 1928. There was the Rosicrucian Order “Emish Redevius”, which set itself the task of experimentally mastering the occult forces of nature, in practice reviving the completeness of ancient initiation, lost over the centuries, and “conducting laboratory experiments on the transmission of thought at a distance, exteriorization, cultivation of elementals, and operational magic.”

One of the last Rosicrucians in Russia was D. S. Nedovich; Lev Kopelev writes about meeting him in Butyrka prison in the book “Keep Forever.”

see also

Notes

Comments

1. The manifestos directly state: “We address you in parables, but would gladly provide you with a correct, simple, easy and artless description, understanding and knowledge of all the secrets.”
2. In the next century Wynne Westcott (chapter Rosicrucian Societies in England and one of the founders of the Order of the Golden Dawn) argued that Richter was indeed the head of a genuine Rosicrucian brotherhood founded by Christian Rosenkreutz. However, the society he heads is a para-Masonic organization founded by Freemasons of the regular English Rites as a system of additional degrees, in imitation of the Rite of the Knights-Benefactors of the Holy City by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who first introduced the Rose-Croix degrees into Freemasonry and was the author of the corresponding initiation ritual, which is also used still in the Scottish Rite. Thus, the authority of the judgment of the founders of the Order of the Golden Dawn in the matter of real Rosicrucian brotherhoods, and not their imitators, is doubtful.
3. He calls the Frankfurt merchant Schwartz the head of the order.
4. According to this tradition, the Rosicrucian Order was founded in 46 AD. BC, when the Alexandrian Gnostic sage Hormuz and six of his followers were converted by one of Jesus' apostles Mark. Their symbol is said to have been a red cross surmounted by a rose, indicating a rose-cross. Supporters of the doctrine proceed from the fact that Rosicrucianism appeared through the purification of the Egyptian mysteries by the highest teaching of early Christianity.

Sources

1. The Catholic Historical Review, Vol. 5, No. 2/3 (Jul. - Oct., 1919), pp. 265-270 by Joseph A. Murray; Review of New England and the Bavarian Illuminati by Vernon Stauffer; Vol. LXXXII of Studies in History, Economics and Public Law by The Faculty of Political Science; Columbia University Press (1918) (undefined) . Catholic University of America Press.
2. Rosicrucian Enlightenment - F.A. Yates - Google Books
3. Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years - Diarmaid MacCulloch - Google Books
4. About literature. Essay - Umberto Eco - Google Books
5. Macedo, António de (2000), Instructions Iniciáticas - Ensaios Espirituais, 2nd edition, Hughin Editores, Lisbon, ISBN 972-8534-00-0, p.55
6. Gandra, J. Manuel (1998), Portugal Misterioso (Os Templarios), Lisbon, pp. 348-349
7. Stanislas de Guaita. Au seuil du Mystère. Paris: Georges Carré, 1886.
8. Cited by Sédir in Les Rose-Croix, Paris (1972), pp. 65-66
9. Sedir (1972), Les Rose-Croix, Paris, p. 59 to 68
10. See "Theatrum Chemicum britannicum" 1650
11. The Rosicrucians: The History, Mythology, and Rituals of an Esoteric Order - Christopher McIntosh - Google Books
12. Guénon, René, Simboles de la Science Sacrée, Paris 1962, p.95ff
13. Rose Cross and the Age of Reason, The: Eighteenth-Century Rosicrucianism in ... - Christopher McIntosh - Google Books
14. A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century Russia: The Masonic Circle of N.I ... - Raffaella Faggionato - Google Books
15. Christopher McIntosh. Rose Cross and the Age of Reason: the Eighteenth-Century Rosicrucianism in Central Europe and its Relationship to the Enlightenment. The State University of New York Press, 2012. 2nd ed. ISBN 9781438435619. P. 46-50.
16. Arnold Marx. Die Gold- und Rosenkreuzer. Ein Mysterienbund des ausgehenden 18. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland. // Das Freimaurer-Museum, 1930, No. 5. P. 16.

Rosicrucian Order

In its anti-Christian work, the HCML finds a powerful ally in a special branch of world Freemasonry - Rosicrucianism. As stated above, all secret organizations like Freemasonry have one specific purpose and one common leadership. This goal is the seizure and enslavement of the world under the rule of the Great International, to which Freemasonry and related organizations are unconditionally subordinated and on which they depend.

The struggle takes different paths, but the unifying goal is the same.

Masonic lodges are fighting mainly for the seizure of political influence and power in states, and the Rosicrucians, Theosophists, etc. are fighting for the corruption of the spiritual and moral world humanity and destroy the main basis of life - religion.

The closeness of Freemasonry and Rosicrucianism is not denied by either the Freemasons or the Rosicrucians, and the latter, i.e., the Rosicrucians, say that Freemasonry is a branch of Rosicrucianism with a bias towards politics and materialism, but that it is very easy for Freemasons to return to true path, i.e. the path of Rosicrucianism. Freemasons consider Rosicrucianism to be a branch of Freemasonry with a bias towards mysticism.

In the Masonic Order, Rosicrucians constitute the 18th degree of initiation. “Since the first degrees of Freemasonry,” says Freemason Louis Blanc, “included many people who, by their position and views, had a negative attitude towards any project of social revolution, the reformers of Freemasonry multiplied the steps of the mystical ladder along which initiates could ascend; they created behind-the-scenes lodges reserved for ardent souls, they established the highest degrees: Elect Knights of the Sun, Strict Obedience, Galosh or regenerated man, and Rosicrucians.

The word "Rosicrucian" means a combination of two words: Rose and Cross.

Over time, in order to mislead the profane (uninitiated) and for the convenience of work, it was considered necessary to separate Rosicrucianism into an independent organization. Thus, the degree of Rosicrucianism in Freemasonry remained the same, and completely separate Rosicrucian orders arose in different parts Sveta.

Rosicrucianism has a long history in origin. The Order or Brotherhood of the Rosicrucians (Rosy Cross), as legend tells, was founded in the 14th century by the nobleman Christian Rosenkreutz, who, during his travels in the East, learned all the secrets of the Persian and Egyptian magicians and, upon returning to Europe, passed on these secrets to his students, with whom he formed secret society. The historical origins of the Rosicrucian Order date back to XVII century, the initiator of its occurrence is called Johann Valentin Andree. The Rosicrucian Order set its goal as “improvement of the church” and the spiritual revival of man. The Rosicrucians - according to the instructions of Masonic literature - are “free thinkers” who “began to clear the way through the forest of church scholasticism and fanaticism,” that is, to put it in understandable language, they took the path of fighting the church.

“Of them, the Rosicrucians,” says the Masonic writer Nies, “innovators in the field of thought emerged, bold theories were associated with their teaching, official orthodox science often even summed up its condemnation by calling a Rosicrucian a bold thinker who refused to bow to dogma. Here a battle took place between dialectic and experience, and the latter had to dethrone the former for the triumph of progress. Here they came face to face religious fanaticism and tolerance. The Rosicrucians laid claim to communication with God through the medium of nature." (E. Nis. Main features of modern Freemasonry)

After some lull in the 18th century, at the beginning of the 19th century the Rosicrucians developed intensified activity and by the end of the 19th century acquired a large number of supporters.

Around 1900 in Germany, prof. Rudolf Steiner opens his Rosicrucian school.

Steiner from 1902 to 1912 worked together with Annie Besant and Leadbeater in the Theosophical Society, among the purely initiated. In 1912, Steiner left the Theosophical Society, founded his own special Anthroposophical Society and built a magnificent temple near Basel. In the Anthroposophical Society, Steiner organized an internal circle called “Frank Freemasonry”, initiates into which received from his hands a gold cross with a rose. Steiner's lectures became something of an introduction to the Rosicrucian system. Steiner's popularity grew very quickly, and his followers began to revere him as a prophet. Under the influence of Steiner's teachings, Rosicrucian groups, societies and commonwealths arise in America, England and, finally, penetrate into Russia through Rudolf Steiner's close student A.R. Mintslova, who was sent from foreign Rosicrucians to promote propaganda among Russian "God-seekers" and establish relations with them communications.

At the turn of the 20th century, the center of Rosicrucianism - the “Ancient Mystical Order of the Rosen-Kreutzers” - found itself in America, and since then all data on the work of the main bodies of this secret world organization has been associated with this latter.

Rosicrucian von Hinkel, in the preface to the Dutch translation of the works of Christian Rohenkreutz, says: “The true Order of the Brothers of the Cross and the Rose is a community enlightened by the spirit, scattered throughout the world, but led by one. This order has one central school of the true Mysteries and many external schools, which in various ways prepare the way to the central school." I will add to this the words of bro. Wittemans. He says that Rosicrucianism promotes the formation around itself of various free groups, having their own goals and guided by various considerations, personal or depending on local national conditions.

The Rosicrucian movement, according to him, is very diverse in its manifestations, while the Brotherhood of the Rose Cross itself, observing the traditions established by its founder, works mainly in secret, without making any calls to neophytes. This course of action does not harm the spread of the ideas of the order, but, on the contrary, prepares the ground for a rich spiritual harvest in the future. (The History of the Rose Cross, p. 176. Count Grabe. The Roots of Church Troubles, p. 13).

The Rosicrucian Order, like everything involved in Freemasonry in general, is a deeply secret organization. Maintaining the secrets of the order is the sacred duty of each member. “Silence and restraint are the mark of a true mystic,” and this rule should be followed by every faithful Rosicrucian.

Recruitment of new members into the order occurs among persons interested in mysticism and issues of philosophy and the occult. Disappointed people, crushed by everyday failures, also join the order, hoping to find support and answers to their spiritual doubts and worries. A significant role in attracting new members is played by well-known romanticism, the desire and desire to get into a secret organization that supposedly has colossal power, knowledge and the ability to lead its members to goodness and true light. Many finally go for the money or for the sake of a career. This type of Rosicrucians, who are ready to sell their God, Motherland, conscience and honor for money or a warm place, is widespread among the morally degraded part of the Russian emigration.

The official task of the order is the spiritual improvement of members, the penetration of their highest knowledge and work to promote the knowledge of the order and the application of this knowledge for the benefit of humanity.

The Rosicrucian Order does not recognize any religious differences. Persons of all religions can join the order. Positive religions, such as the Orthodox Faith, are not only indifferent for Rosicrucians, but also definitely hostile, since every true Rosicrucian fights for “truth without dogmatism.” The Rosicrucian Order's concept of God differs sharply from the Christian concept and is pure pantheism. One of the Rosicrucian prayers begins with the appeal: “Oh, you, Great Intelligence, penetrating everything, putting being into every substance.”

The symbol of the Rosicrucians is a golden cross with a rose. The cross, according to the Rosicrucians, signifies the holiness of the union; rose - a symbol of modesty; both concepts together mean holy modesty. But such an interpretation is given either for those uninitiated into the highest secrets of the order, or for outsiders.

Nikolai Skrynnikov, a researcher on this issue, explains the combination of a cross and a rose this way: “The mysterious meaning of the rose as a symbol must be sought in Kabbalistic explanations. The Flame, or Book of Abraham (commentary on the Kabbalah), made the rose a hieroglyphic sign of the accomplishment of a great work. To unite the rose with the cross, paganism with Christianity, falsely understood, was the task proposed by the high Initiate; and in fact, occult philosophy, being a universal synthesis, must explain all phenomena of existence. Religion, taken into account only as a physiological fact, is the revelation and saturation of the soul." (Nikolai Skrynnikov. Freemasonry. Paris. 1921)

The Rosicrucian lodge is called the "Supreme Chapter". On one of its sides (eastern) there is a triangular altar. Under the altar is a painting depicting Golgotha ​​with three crosses. There is nothing on the two side crosses, but on the middle one there is an inscription that was on the cross of Jesus Christ. Below the inscription hangs a rose.

At the bottom of the picture there is a grave in which a shroud can be seen from under a shifted gravestone. Near the grave there are broken columns. There are sleeping guards on them.

The ceremonial rite of initiation into the degree of Rosicrucian, developed several centuries ago, is usually performed on Good Friday.

“During the ceremony of initiation into the 18th degree, that is, a knight of the Rosy Cross,” writes Filosofov, “the box is upholstered in black, in the depths of it rises an altar, and above it, in a transparent picture, three crosses are depicted, of which on the middle one is visible the usual inscription I. N. K. I. The brothers, dressed in priestly robes, should sit on the ground, with an air of deep reflection and lamentation, with their faces buried in their hands as a sign of grief. Venerable (master of the lodge) asks: “What time is it?” To this the new initiate must answer: “Now we have the first hour of the day, that very minute in which the veil of the temple was torn in two, in which darkness and despair covered the whole earth, the light was reflected, the weapon of the Freemasons was crushed and the flaming star disappeared.” Then they explain to the adept that the word of Adoniram (Adoniram is the builder of Solomon’s Temple) was lost at the moment when the Savior’s death took place on the cross, and, in turn, they demand that the adept explain to them what, in his opinion, the inscription above the cross could mean "I.M.K.I." Having forced a blasphemy against this sacred name, which consists in the solemn recognition of Christ the Savior as a criminal deserving of damnation and execution, the venerable exclaims with joy: “Brothers, now we have found the lost word!” (A. D. Filosofov. Exposing the great secret of Freemasonry, pp. 68, 69.)

For those insufficiently initiated and outsiders, this ritual is explained in this way: the inconsolable grief of the participants, the mourning drapery, the words of the venerable about the “lost word”, the “hiding of the flaming star” and the darkness that enveloped the earth - depict Golgotha; Masonic brothers, when performing the rite of initiation into the degree of Rosicrucian, as explained to the profane, mourn the suffering and death of the Savior on the cross; the transformation of the box from mourning to fiery red, flooded with lights, must be understood as glorification and joy on the occasion of the Resurrection of Christ.

But these explanations, like everything in Freemasonry, are pretense and deception: the participants in this blasphemous rite do not mourn the death of the Savior in their mourning bed and do not rejoice at His Resurrection when, having removed the black draperies, they illuminate the red box with bright light.

“They,” writes I. A. Butmi, “mourn the collapse of ancient false teachings, cast into dust by the triumph of divine truth, the beginning of which was laid death on the cross Savior. In their eyes, the blazing dawn of Christianity was the beginning of the kingdom of darkness, superstition and ignorance. And that is why they mournfully exclaim that the word is lost, the columns and tools and the cubic stone (the emblem of nature) exudes blood and water.” They rejoice for the sake of acquiring the lost word. They rejoice when they find the word I.M.K.I. And these words, in their understanding, mean: “nature is entirely reborn by fire.”

“In other words,” writes Butmi, “they welcome those false teachings, that religion of nature, which was destroyed by the triumphant truth Christian teaching, but which was revived again in Freemasonry and is sacredly kept there as the highest truth, as a secret teaching, intended only for the elect.”

The Rosicrucian Order not only preaches the religion of pantheism (the destruction of the personality of God), but is also an anti-Christian organization. The Rosicrucians deny the fact of the Resurrection of Christ, as Christians understand it, and Christ is mentioned by them along with Zoroaster, Buddha, etc., as one of the avatars - the highest incarnations called to lead the world.

Cloaking its teachings in the toga of “pure mysticism,” the Rosicrucian Order seeks to introduce:

Symbolic defamation of Christianity and exaltation of ancient Judeo-Kabbalistic teachings.

Hatred of Christ the Savior and His teaching.

The eradication of this doctrine by attributing to it a secret naturalistic meaning.

The blasphemous inclusion of Christ among the “great initiates” who secretly, and only openly for a select few, preach a religion completely alien to Christianity, which is only a “physiological fact.”

The realization of the ideal of the Rosicrucian Order must ultimately be the complete victory of militant Judaism over Christianity.

The Rosicrucian Order, "Order of the Rose and Cross" - a theological and secret mystical society believed to have been founded during late Middle Ages in Germany by Christian Rosenkreutz. Contains teachings "built on ancient esoteric truths" that "hidden from the common man, provide understanding of nature, the physical universe and the spiritual realm", symbolized in part by the brotherhood's emblem, a rose blooming on a cross. The Rosicrucians set themselves the task of comprehensive improvement of the church and the achievement of lasting prosperity for states and individuals.

The symbol of the order is a cross and a rose, which are considered symbols of fire and light. In this cross, the Rosicrucians see a symbolic image of Adam Kadmon. The Rose and Cross also symbolize the Resurrection and Atonement of Christ. This sign is understood as the divine light of the Universe (rose) and the earthly world of suffering (cross). Also understood as a dualistic symbol (masculine and feminine).

Directly associated with this symbol (a cross with a rose in the center) is another: the Holy Grail. The Grail refers to the cup containing the blood of Jesus, which was collected by Joseph of Arimathea. This cup was originally served by Christ and the apostles during the Last Supper. According to legend, when Lucifer was cast out of heaven, a stone fell from his crown. The cup for the Last Supper was made from this stone. This gemstone in a certain respect symbolizes the total strength of human selves. At the same time, a person represents a cross, like a chalice. On this cross a rose should bloom - life and love.

Another Rosicrucian symbol is a snake nailed to a T-shaped cross. This means that the dark nature of man (the serpent) will have to die if the spirit wishes to fulfill its destiny.

Rosicrucianism was associated with Protestantism and, in part, Lutheranism. According to historian David Stevenson, Rosicrucianism also influenced the development of Freemasonry in Scotland. In subsequent centuries many Secret Societies claimed to have received their continuity and sacraments, in whole or in part, from the original Rosicrucians. Some modern Societies, which place the founding of the Order in the early centuries, were created to study Rosicrucianism and related topics.

The Fama Fraternitatis Manifesto describes the legend of a German scientist and mystic philosopher whose name was "Brother C.R.C." (later, in the third manifesto, his name was deciphered as Christian Rosenkreutz, or "Rose Cross"). The year 1378 was said to be the year in which "our Christian Father" was born, and it was also stated that he lived to be 106 years old. The very first manifesto said that Christian Rosenkreutz was initially brought up in a monastery, and then went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. However, he preferred communication with the sages of Damascus, Fez and the mysterious Damkar to a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Returning to his homeland, together with three of his students, he created the Brotherhood of the Rose and Cross, the main goal of which was to comprehend Divine wisdom, reveal the Secrets of nature and help people. This may have happened in 1407.

As has been said, during the entire life of Christian Rosenkreutz, the Order consisted of no more than eight members, each of whom was a doctor or bachelor. Each of them vowed not to charge fees for treating the sick, to keep the Brotherhood secret, and to find a replacement before they died.

In 1484, Christian Rosenkreutz died, and exactly 120 years later, his grave with secret books, according to his prediction, was discovered by members of his Brotherhood. The first Rosicrucian documents with a story about the secret Brotherhood and its founder were supposedly the same manifestos anonymously published in Europe in 1607-1616, which told about his life. These manifestos aroused keen interest. Many outstanding scientists and philosophers of that time tried to find this mysterious Brotherhood, and subsequently some of them (for example, Michael Mayer, physician and secretary of Emperor Rudolf II) claimed that they had succeeded.

Perhaps, if one assumes the existence of Christian Rosenkreutz as a historical and not a mythical figure, then he and his Brotherhood needed at least several generations to pass (from about 1500 to 1600) for scientific, philosophical and religious freedom to increase to such an extent that that the public could benefit from the knowledge of the Rosicrucians, and generally accept this knowledge. And it was after this that the members of the Brotherhood and their successors probably decided to begin searching for worthy people.

The manifestos were not taken literally by many, but rather were seen as deceptions or allegorical statements. The manifestos directly state: “We address you in parables, but would gladly provide you with a correct, simple, easy and artless description, understanding, and knowledge of all the secrets.” Some believe that Christian Rosenkreutz is a pseudonym for a more famous historical figure, with theories commonly put forward that he is Francis Bacon.

The first Rosicrucian manifesto was probably written under the influence of the work of the respected Hermetic philosopher Heinrich Kunrath of Hamburg, author of the Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae (1609), who in turn was influenced by John Dee, author of The Hieroglyphic Monad (1564). The invitation to the Royal Wedding in the Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz begins with the philosophical key of Di, the symbol of the Hieroglyphic Monad. The author also claimed that the Brotherhood has a book that resembles the works of Paracelsus.

In the early 1600s, manifestos caused unrest throughout Europe as they claimed the existence of a Secret Brotherhood of Alchemists and Sages who were preparing to transform the arts, sciences, religion, and intellectual spheres of Europe. Political and religious wars at that time ravaged the continent. However, the manifestos were reprinted several times and were accompanied by numerous response pamphlets, both favorable and unfavorable. Between 1614 and 1620, approximately 400 manuscripts were published discussing Rosicrucian documents.

It is possible to speak with complete confidence about the existence of Rosicrucian organizations only from the beginning of the 18th century. In 1710, the Silesian pastor Sigmund Richter, under the pseudonym Sincerius Renatus (“Sincerely Converted”), published a treatise entitled “Theoretical and Practical Theosophy. The True and Complete Preparation of the Philosopher's Stone of Brotherhood from the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross." In an essay consisting of 52 articles, Richter introduced himself as a member of this Brotherhood and reported that it consists of separate branches, each of which includes 31 adepts. The Brotherhood is governed by the “Emperor” and only Masons with the Master degree are accepted into it.

It is interesting to note that subsequently, already in the 19th century, Wynne Westcott (head of the Rosicrucian Society in England (S.R.I.A. - Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia and one of the founders of the Order of the Golden Dawn), argued that Richter was indeed the head of the genuine Rosicrucian Brotherhood, founded by Christian Rosenkreutz. However, it is generally known that S.R.I.A. is a para-Masonic organization founded by Freemasons of the regular English rites, as a system of Higher Degrees, in imitation of the Rite of the Knights-Benefactors of the Holy City by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who first introduced the degrees of the Rose-Croix into Freemasonry, and was the author of the corresponding initiatory ritual, which is still used in the Scottish Rite. Thus, the authority of the judgment of the founders of the Order of the Golden Dawn in the matter of real Rosicrucian Brotherhoods, and not their imitators, is doubtful.

In a 1618 pamphlet, Pia et Utilissima Admonitio de Fratribus Rosae Crucis, Henry Neuhusius writes that the Rosicrucians went to the East because of the instability in Europe caused by the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War. In 1710, Sigmund Richter, founder of the secret society "Golden and Pink Cross", also suggests that the Rosicrucians moved to the East. In the first half of the 20th century, Rene Guenon, a researcher of the occult, also presented this same idea in some of his works. However, a prominent 19th century author, Arthur Edward Waite, a prominent historian of Freemasonry and Martinist, presents arguments that refute this idea. From this fertile soil many “Neo-Rosicrucian” societies grew up. They were based on an occult tradition supposedly coming from the “College of the Invisibles” or on continuity from the “Unknown Highest” (Supèrieur Inconnu), “Secret Leaders” and built entire systems inspired by these ideas.

Literary works of the 16th and 17th centuries are full of cryptic passages containing references to the Rose-Croix, for example in the following lines: "We predict a great rebellion, We are the brothers of the Rose-Croix, We have the Masonic Word and the second image, And we truly predict the coming ". Henry Adamson, The Lamentation of the Muses (Perth, 1638)

The idea of ​​such an order, exemplified by a worldwide network of astronomers, professors, mathematicians and natural philosophers in 16th-century Europe, put forward by such men as Johannes Kepler, Georg Joachim von Lauchen, John Dee and Tycho Brahe, gave rise to the "Invisible College". It was the predecessor of the Royal Society, formed in the 17th century. It was founded by a group of scientists who began to meet regularly to share and develop knowledge gained through experimental research. Among them was Robert Boyle, who wrote: “The key persons of the Invisible (or, as they call themselves, Philosophical) College, of whose society I have the honor of entering ...” and John Wallis, who described these meetings in these words: “About 1645 , while I was living in London (at a time when, on account of the civil wars, academic studies were suspended in both Universities), ... I was fortunate enough to become acquainted with various worthy persons interested in natural philosophy, and other branches of human knowledge, especially that called New Philosophy or Experimental Philosophy. We have agreed to meet weekly in London at a certain day and hour, with certain penalties and contributions for the needs of experiments, with certain rules among us, to discuss and reason about such matters ... "

According to Jean-Pierre Bayard, at the end of the 18th century two Rosicrucian-inspired Masonic Rites arose: the Rectified Scottish Rite, widespread in Central Europe, where the presence of the “Golden and Rosy Cross” was significant, and the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, which first began to be practiced in France, in which the 18th degree is called “Knight of the Rose Cross”.

Alchemist Samuel Richter, who in 1710 in Wroclaw, under the pseudonym Sincerius Renatus (Sincerely Converted), published the work “The True and Complete Preparation of the Stone of the Philosophers of the Brothers of the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross” (“Die warhhaffte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins der Brüderschaft aus dem Orden des Gülden-und Rosen-Creutzes"), founded in early XVIII century in Prague, the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross as a hierarchical secret society with an inner circle, identification marks and secret alchemical research, materials for which were given only to those who reached high degrees, that is, fell into that same inner circle. In 1767 and 1777, under the leadership of Herman Fictuld, society reformed significantly due to political pressure. Its members claimed that the leaders of the Rosicrucian Order invented Freemasonry, and that only they knew secret meaning Masonic symbols.

According to this legend, the Rosicrucian Order was founded by the followers of the Egyptian sage Ormusse and the "Licht-Weise", who emigrated to Scotland under the name "Builders from the East". After this, the original Order disappeared and was supposedly re-established as "Freemasonry" by Oliver Cromwell. In 1785 and 1788, the Society of the Golden and Rosy Cross published the Geheime Figuren, or Secret Figures of the Rosicrucians of the 16th and 17th Centuries.

The German Masonic Lodge (later Grand Lodge) Zu den drei Weltkugeln (Three Globes) under the leadership of Johann Christoph von Wöllner and General Johann Rudolf von Bischoffwerder came under the influence of the Golden and Rosy Cross. Many Masons became Rosicrucians, and Rosicrucianism was established in many lodges. In 1782, at the Wilhelmsbad Convention, the Ancient Scottish Lodge of Frederick the Golden Lion in Berlin earnestly asked Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick, and other Freemasons to submit to the Golden and Rosy Cross, but without success.

After 1782, this highly secretive society added Egyptian, Greek and Druidic mysteries to its alchemical system. A comparative study of what is known about the Golden Cross and the Rosy Cross clearly shows how enormous an influence this Order had on the creation of some of the modern initiatic societies.

According to the Masonic historian Marconi de Negre, who, together with his father Gabriel Marconi, founded the Masonic Rite of Memphis, based on the earlier (1784) alchemical and hermetic research of the Rosicrucian scientist, Baron de Vesterod, and also propagated in the 18th century the ideas of the Golden and Rosy Cross (one might say that the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross was an inner core, seemingly unrelated to the Rite of Memphis, but completely leading it).

According to this legend, the Rosicrucian Order was founded in 46, when the Alexandrian Gnostic sage Hormuz (the sage) and six of his followers were converted by one of Jesus' apostles, Mark. Their symbol is said to have been a red cross topped with a rose, indicating the Rose Cross. According to this point of view, Rosicrucianism supposedly arose through the purification of the Egyptian Mysteries by the highest Teaching of Early Christianity.

According to the book Magicians, Prophets and Mystics by Maurice Magret (1877-1941), Rosenkreutz was the last descendant of the 13th century German Hermelshausen family. Their castle is in the Thuringian Forest on the border with Hesse, and they accepted the teachings of the Albigensians. The entire family was exterminated by Landgrave Conrad of Marburg from Thuringia, except for the youngest son, who was then 5 years old. He was secretly taken away by a monk, an Albigensian adept from Languedoc, and placed in an Albigensian monastery, where he studied and met four Brothers with whom he later founded the Rosicrucian Brotherhood. Magre's view is supposedly derived from oral tradition.

Around 1530, more than 80 years before the publication of the first manifesto, the association of the Cross and the Rose already existed in Portugal in the Monastery of the Order of Christ (Convento de Cristo), the birthplace of the Knights Templar, in fact, the Order of Christ was the legal successor of the Templar Order in Portugal . Three bosetes were, and still are, in the hiding place of the initiation room. The rose is clearly visible in the center of the cross.

There is also a minor work by Paracelsus, Prognosticatio Eximii Doctoris Paracelsi (1530), containing 32 predictions with allegorical illustrations surrounding cryptic text, referencing the image of a double cross on a blossoming rose; These are some of the examples that prove that the Brotherhood of the Rose Cross existed much earlier than 1614.

In the 17th century, the emblem and name "Rosicrucians" were adopted by secret philosophical societies that practiced alchemy and mysticism. Such societies were founded in Vienna, Germany, Poland and Russia; their unification is based on Masonic ideals and principles.

Many have heard the myth of the Rosicrucians, but not everyone has been able to interpret it. This was the legend of the temple. It told about the time when the Elohim created people. When one person was created, he was named Eve. The Elohim themselves united with Eve, and Eve gave birth to Cain. Then Yahweh created Adam. Adam also united with Eve, and Abel appeared. Thus, according to this teaching, Cain is the direct son of God, and Abel is the offspring created by people Adam and Eve. This is how two human races arose: represented by Solomon - possessing divine wisdom, and the race of Cain, who understands the secret of fire and knows how to handle it. (fire as a symbol of desires and passions).

Rosicrucians consider fire to be a symbol of deity. He, according to their ideas, is not only a source of material, but also a container of spiritual and mental. Just as a person consists of Spirit, Soul and Body, plus the fourfold aspect, so fire consists of visible flame (body), invisible, astral fire (soul) and spirit. The four aspects contain the Ball (life), light (mind), electricity and the Synthetic Essence beyond the spirit.

The secret brotherhood of the Rosicrucians made extensive use of alchemical symbols and preached the secret wisdom of inner or spiritual alchemy. The roots of the order go back to the Egyptian mysteries, to the esoteric knowledge of Hermes Trismegistus and Akhenaten. They also borrowed a lot from the Masonic tradition. It is believed that the Rosicrucians were familiar with the complete scheme of initiation into the Qabalah, into High Magic of the Western (Hermetic) sense. Conducted alchemical research.

To express their occult ideas, the Rosicrucians, like many other secret societies, used the philosophical basis of the monad (from the Greek: Unity), in some cases developing their own versions.

The Rosicrucian teaching considers seven worlds:

1. God's World
2. World of the Virgin Spirit
3. World of Divine Light
4. World of Life Spirit
5. World of Thought
6. World of Desires
7. Physical World

Each of the worlds is considered to consist of seven layers. For example, the physical world includes the following layers:

1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Chemical ether
4. Life ether
5. Light ether
6. Reflective Ether

The precious treasure of the Rosicrucians consists of 22 rules for the development of the will, having comprehended which, a person becomes a winner and master of nature. A new revival of Rosicrucianism began with the second half of the 19th century century. IN general view Three main Rosicrucian traditions can be distinguished:

• English - founders Robert Wentworth Little and Kenneth Mackenzie. (Rosicrucian Society - 1866)
• French - founders Stanislav de Guaite and Joseph Péladan (late 19th century)
• American - founder Spencer Lewis (Ancient Mystical Order of the Cross and Rose - 1915).

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