Alexander Griboedov: an interesting short biography. Destiny A

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Born on January 4 (15), 1795 in Moscow - died on January 30 (February 11), 1829 in Tehran. Russian diplomat, poet, playwright, pianist and composer, nobleman. State Councilor (1828).

Griboyedov is known as homo unius libri - the writer of one book, the brilliantly rhymed play "Woe from Wit", which is still very often staged in Russian theaters. It served as the source of numerous catchphrases.

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a wealthy, noble family. His ancestor, Jan Grzybowski (Polish: Jan Grzybowski), in early XVII century moved from Poland to Russia. The author's surname Griboyedov is nothing more than a peculiar translation of the surname Grzhibovsky. Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Fyodor Akimovich Griboyedov was a clerk and one of the five compilers of the Council Code of 1649.

The writer's father is retired Second Major Sergei Ivanovich Griboedov (1761-1814). Mother - Anastasia Fedorovna (1768-1839), maiden name was also Griboedova.

According to relatives, as a child Alexander was very focused and unusually developed. There is information that he was the great-nephew of Alexander Radishchev (the playwright himself carefully hid this). At the age of 6, he was fluent in three foreign languages, and in his youth already six, in particular, fluent English, French, German and Italian. He understood Latin and ancient Greek very well.

In 1803 he was sent to the Moscow University Noble Boarding School; Three years later, Griboedov entered the literature department of Moscow University. In 1808 he received the title of candidate of literary sciences, but did not leave his studies, but entered the moral and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department.

On September 8, 1812, cornet Griboyedov fell ill and remained in Vladimir, and, presumably, until November 1, 1812, due to illness, did not appear at the regiment's location. In winter, during Patriotic War In 1812, when the enemy appeared on Russian territory, he joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment (a volunteer irregular unit) of Count Pyotr Ivanovich Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Arriving at his duty station, he found himself in the company of “young cornets from the best noble families" - Prince Golitsyn, Count Efimovsky, Count Tolstoy, Alyabyev, Sheremetev, Lansky, the Shatilov brothers. Griboyedov was related to some of them. Subsequently, he wrote in a letter to S.N. Begichev: “I was in this squad for only 4 months, and now for the 4th year I have not been able to get on the right path.”

Until 1815, Griboedov served in the rank of cornet under the command of cavalry general A. S. Kologrivov. First literary experiments Griboyedov - “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher”, the essay “On Cavalry Reserves” and the comedy “The Young Spouses” (translation of the French comedy “Le secre”) - date back to 1814. In the article “On the Cavalry Reserves” Griboyedov acted as historical journalist.

In 1815, Griboyedov came to St. Petersburg, where he met the publisher of the magazine “Son of the Fatherland” N.I. Grech and the famous playwright N.I. Khmelnitsky.

In the spring of 1816, the aspiring writer left military service, and in the summer he published an article “On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora”” - a response to N. I. Gnedich’s critical remarks about P. A. Katenin’s ballad “Olga”. At the same time, Griboyedov’s name appears in the lists of active members of the Masonic lodge “Les Amis Reunis” (“United Friends”).

At the beginning of 1817, Griboyedov became one of the founders of the Masonic lodge "Du Bien". In the summer he entered the diplomatic service, taking the position provincial secretary(since winter - translator) Collegium of Foreign Affairs. This period of the writer’s life also includes his acquaintance with A. S. Pushkin and V. K. Kuchelbecker, work on the poem “ Lubochny Theater"(response to M. N. Zagoskin's criticism of "Young Spouses"), the comedies "Student" (together with P. A. Katenin), "Feigned Infidelity" (together with A. A. Gendre), "Own Family, or The Married Bride" (co-authored with A. A. Shakhovsky and N. I. Khmelnitsky).

In 1817, the famous “quadruple duel” between Zavadovsky-Sheremetev and Griboedov-Yakubovich took place in St. Petersburg. It was Griboyedov who gave the reason for the duel, bringing the ballerina Istomin to the apartment of his friend Count Zavadovsky (Griboyedov was 22 years old at that time). Cavalry guard Sheremetev, Istomina’s lover, summoned Zavadovsky. Griboedov became Zavadovsky’s second, and Yakubovich became Sheremetev’s cornet of the Life Ulan Regiment.

Griboyedov lived with Zavadovsky and, being a friend of Istomina, after the performance he brought her to his place, naturally, to Zavadovsky’s house, where she lived for two days. Sheremetev was in a quarrel with Istomina and was away, but when he returned, instigated by A.I. Yakubovich, he challenged Zavadovsky to a duel. Yakubovich and Griboyedov also promised to fight.

Zavadovsky and Sheremetev were the first to reach the barrier. Zavadovsky, an excellent shooter, mortally wounded Sheremetev in the stomach. Since Sheremetev had to be immediately taken to the city, Yakubovich and Griboyedov postponed their fight. It took place the following year, 1818, in Georgia. Yakubovich was transferred to Tiflis for service, and Griboedov also happened to be passing through there, heading on a diplomatic mission to Persia.

Griboedov was wounded in the left hand. It was from this wound that it was subsequently possible to identify the disfigured corpse of Griboyedov, killed by religious fanatics during the destruction of the Russian embassy in Tehran.

In 1818, Griboedov, having refused the position of an official of the Russian mission in the United States, was appointed to the post of secretary under the Tsar's Charge d'Affaires of Persia. Before leaving for Tehran, he completed work on “Sideshow Trials.” He left for his duty station at the end of August, two months later (with short stops in Novgorod, Moscow, Tula and Voronezh) he arrived in Mozdok, and on the way to Tiflis he compiled a detailed diary describing his travels.

At the beginning of 1819, Griboedov completed work on the ironic “Letter to the Publisher from Tiflis on January 21” and, probably, the poem “Forgive me, Fatherland!”, and then went on his first business trip to the Shah’s court. On the way to the appointed place through Tabriz (January - March), I continued to write travel notes that I started last year. In August he returned back, where he began to advocate for the fate of Russian soldiers who were in Iranian captivity. In September, at the head of a detachment of prisoners and fugitives, he set out from Tabriz to Tiflis, where he arrived the following month. Some events of this journey are described on the pages of Griboyedov’s diaries (for July and August/September), as well as in the narrative fragments “Vagin’s Story” and “Ananur Quarantine”.

In January 1820, Griboyedov went there again, adding new entries to his travel diary. Here, burdened with official chores, he spent more than a year and a half. His stay in Persia was incredibly burdensome for the writer-diplomat, and in the fall of the following year, 1821, due to health reasons (due to a broken arm), he finally managed to transfer closer to his homeland - to Georgia. There he became close to Kuchelbecker, who had arrived here for service, and began work on the draft manuscripts of the first edition of “Woe from Wit.”

Since February 1822, Griboyedov was the diplomatic secretary under General A.P. Ermolov, who commanded the Russian troops in Tiflis. The author’s work on the drama “1812” is often dated to the same year (apparently timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of Russia’s victory in the war with Napoleonic France).

At the beginning of 1823, Griboyedov left the service for a while and returned to his homeland, for more than two years he lived in Moscow, in the village. Dmitrovsky (Lakotsy) Tula province, in St. Petersburg. Here the author continued the work begun in the Caucasus with the text “Woe from Wit”, by the end of the year he wrote the poem “David”, a dramatic scene in verse “Youth of the Prophetic”, vaudeville “Who is the brother, who is the sister, or Deception after deception” (in cooperation with P. A. Vyazemsky) and the first edition of the famous waltz “e-moll”. It is customary to attribute the appearance of the first entries of his “Desiderata” - a journal of notes on controversial issues of Russian history, geography and literature - to the same period of Griboyedov’s life.

The following year, 1824, dates back to the writer’s epigrams on M.A. Dmitriev and A.I. Pisarev (“And they compose - they lie! And they translate - they lie!..”, “How magazine brawls spread!..”), the narrative fragment “Character my uncle,” the essay “Special Cases of the St. Petersburg Flood” and the poem “Teleshova.” At the end of the same year (December 15), Griboyedov became a full member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

At the end of May 1825, due to the urgent need to return to his place of duty, the writer abandoned his intention to visit Europe and left for the Caucasus.

Subsequently, he will learn Arabic, Turkish, Georgian and Persian. The first teacher who taught Griboedov the Persian language was Mirza Jafar Topchibashev. On the eve of this trip, he completed work on a free translation of the “Prologue in the Theater” from the tragedy “Faust”, at the request of F.V. Bulgarin, he compiled notes to “Extraordinary Adventures and Travels...” of D.I. Tsikulin, published in the April issues of the magazine “Northern” archive" for 1825. On the way to Georgia, he visited Kiev, where he met prominent figures of the revolutionary underground (M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, A. Z. Muravyov, S. I. Muravyov-Apostol and S. P. Trubetskoy), lived for some time in Crimea, visiting the estate of his old friend A.P. Zavadovsky. On the peninsula, Griboyedov developed a plan for the majestic tragedy of the Baptism of the ancient Russians and kept a detailed diary of travel notes, published only three decades after the author’s death. According to the opinion established in science, it was under the influence of the southern trip that he wrote the scene “Dialogue of Polovtsian Husbands.”

Upon returning to the Caucasus, Griboyedov, inspired by the participation in the expedition of General A. A. Velyaminov, wrote famous poem"Predators on Chegem". In January 1826, he was arrested in the Grozny fortress on suspicion of belonging to the Decembrists; Griboyedov was brought to St. Petersburg, but the investigation could not find evidence of Griboedov’s belonging to secret society. With the exception of A.F. Brigen, E.P. Obolensky, N.N. Orzhitsky and S.P. Trubetskoy, none of the suspects testified to the detriment of Griboyedov. He was under investigation until June 2, 1826, but since it was not possible to prove his participation in the conspiracy, and he himself categorically denied his involvement in the conspiracy, he was released from arrest with a “cleansing certificate.” Despite this, Griboyedov was under secret surveillance for some time.

In September 1826 he returned to service in Tiflis and continued his diplomatic activities; took part in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty (1828), beneficial for Russia, and delivered its text to St. Petersburg. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; On the way to his destination, he again spent several months in Tiflis and married there on August 22 (September 3), 1828, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, with whom he only lived for a few weeks.

Foreign embassies were not located in the capital, but in Tabriz, at the court of Prince Abbas Mirza, but soon after arriving in Persia, the mission went to present itself to Feth Ali Shah in Tehran. During this visit, Griboyedov died: on January 30, 1829 (6 Sha'ban 1244 AH), a crowd of thousands of rebellious Persians killed everyone in the embassy, ​​except for the secretary Ivan Sergeevich Maltsov.

The circumstances of the defeat of the Russian mission are described in different ways, but Maltsov was an eyewitness to the events, and he does not mention the death of Griboyedov, only writes that 15 people defended themselves at the door of the envoy’s room. Returning to Russia, he wrote that 37 people in the embassy were killed (all except him alone) and 19 Tehran residents. He himself hid in another room and, in fact, could only describe what he heard. All the defenders died, and there were no direct witnesses left.

Riza-Kuli writes that Griboyedov was killed with 37 comrades, and 80 people from the crowd were killed. His body was so mutilated that he was identified only by a mark on his left hand, received in the famous duel with Yakubovich.

Griboedov's body was taken to Tiflis and buried on Mount Mtatsminda in a grotto at the Church of St. David.

The Persian Shah sent his grandson to St. Petersburg to resolve the diplomatic scandal. To compensate for the blood shed, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, including the Shah diamond. This magnificent diamond, framed with many rubies and emeralds, once adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it shines in the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin.

At the grave, Griboyedov’s widow Nina Chavchavadze erected a monument to him with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you!”

In recent years Yuri Tynyanov dedicated the novel “The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar” (1928) to the life of A. S. Griboedov.

Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich is one of the most educated, talented and noble men of the 19th century. An experienced politician, a descendant of an ancient noble family. Scope of it creative activity extensive. He was not only an excellent playwright and poet, the author of the famous “Woe from Wit,” but also talented composer, a polyglot who spoke ten languages.

Alexander Sergeevich was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow. His parents gave him wonderful home education. Since 1803, a student at a boarding school at Moscow University. At the age of 11, a student at the same university. The most educated man of his era, while still a student, mastered nine languages, six European and three Eastern. How true patriot his homeland, volunteered for the war with Napoleon. From 1815, he served in the reserve cavalry regiment with the rank of cornet. This is the time when he begins to write articles, his first play “The Young Spouses”. After retiring in the winter of 1816, he lived in St. Petersburg, where he worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Here a circle of theatergoers and writers enters, gets acquainted with Pushkin and other poets.

Creation

His first attempts at writing in literary work date back to 1817. These are co-authored plays “Student” (co-author P.A. Katenin) and “Own Family” (wrote the beginning of the second act), collaboration with A.A.Shakhovsky and N.I.Khmelnitsky. The comedy “Feigned Infidelity,” created in collaboration with A.A. Gendre, was staged on the theater stage in Moscow and St. Petersburg throughout 1818. At the same time, he was appointed secretary of the Tsar’s attorney for the Russian mission in Tehran. This event changed a lot in his life. Friends considered the appointment a punishment for participating as a second in a duel between officer V.N. Sheremetev and Count A.P. Zavadovsky because of the ballerina A.I. Istomina. The winter of 1822 was marked by an appointment to a new duty station and the position of secretary for the diplomatic department under the command of General A.P. Ermolov. Here, in Georgia, the first two acts of “Woe from Wit” were born.

In the spring of 1823, Alexander Sergeevich received leave and went to Russia, where he stayed until the end of 1825. The time spent in Russia for Griboyedov was a time of active participation in literary life. Thanks to collaboration with P.A. Vyazemsky, the vaudeville “Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception” was created. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, work on the comedy “Woe from Wit” was completed. However, her path turned out to be difficult. The censors did not let the play pass and it was sold in manuscript. Some parts of the comedy were published. But the work of A.S. has already been highly appreciated. Pushkin. A trip to Europe planned in 1825 was postponed due to a call to Tiflis. And at the beginning of the winter of 1826 he was detained in connection with the uprising in Senate Square. The reason was friendship with K.F. Ryleev and A.A. Bestuzhev, publishers of the Polar Star almanac. However, his guilt was not proven; he was released and began service in the fall of 1826.

Last appointment and love

In 1828, he took part in the signing of the beneficial Turkmanchay Peace Treaty. The merits of the talented diplomat were noted by his appointment as Russian Ambassador to Persia. However, he himself was inclined to view this appointment as an exile. Moreover, with this assignment, many creative plans simply collapsed. However, in June 1828 he had to leave St. Petersburg. On the way to Persia, he lived for several months in Tiflis, where he married the 16-year-old Georgian princess Nina Chavchavadze. Their relationship, full of romanticism and love, was imprinted for centuries in her words, engraved on the tombstone of Alexander Sergeevich: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did she outlive you, my love?” They lived only a few months in marriage, but this woman carried loyalty to her husband throughout the rest of her life.

Death

In Persia, British diplomacy, which was against strengthening Russia's position in the East, in every possible way provoked hostility towards Russia. On January 30, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was attacked by a brutal crowd of religious fanatics. A dozen Cossacks, led by Griboedov, who defended the embassy, ​​were brutally killed. But this death once again showed the nobility and courage of this man. The formal reason for the crowd attack on the embassy was the following event. The day before, two prisoners escaped from the Sultan's harem armenian girls Christians, they sought salvation in the Russian embassy and were accepted. A crowd of Muslims demanded that they be handed over for execution. Griboedov, as the head of the mission, refused to hand them over and with a dozen Cossacks took on an unequal battle, defending the sisters in faith. All defenders of the mission died, including Griboedov. The coffin with the body was taken to Tiflis, where it was buried in a grotto at the Church of St. David.

A.S. lived only 34 years. Griboyedov. I only managed to create one literary work and two waltzes. But they glorified his name throughout the civilized world.

Russian playwright, diplomat and composer Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15 (4 according to the old style) 1795 (according to other sources - 1790) in Moscow. He belonged to a noble family and received a serious education at home.

In 1803, Alexander Griboyedov entered the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, and in 1806 - Moscow University. In 1808, having graduated from the verbal department with the title of candidate, he continued to study in the ethical and political department.

Spoken French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Latin languages, later mastered Arabic, Persian, and Turkish.

With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboedov left his academic studies and joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment as a cornet.

At the beginning of 1816, having retired, he settled in St. Petersburg and entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

Leading a secular lifestyle, he moved in the theatrical and literary circles of St. Petersburg. He wrote the comedies “Young Spouses” (1815), “One’s Own Family, or The Married Bride” (1817) in collaboration with playwrights Alexander Shakhovsky and Nikolai Khmelnitsky, “Student” (1817) together with the poet and playwright Pavel Katenin.

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed secretary of the Russian mission to Persia (now Iran). Not the least role in this kind of exile was played by his participation as a second in the duel of the chamber cadet Alexander Zavadsky with officer Vasily Sheremetev, which ended in the death of the latter.

Since 1822, Griboyedov in Tiflis (now Tbilisi, Georgia) held the position of secretary for diplomatic affairs under the commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, General Alexei Ermolov.

The first and second acts of Griboedov's famous comedy "Woe from Wit" were written in Tiflis. The third and fourth acts were written in the spring and summer of 1823 while on vacation in Moscow and on his estate close friend retired Colonel Stepan Begichev near Tula. By the autumn of 1824, the comedy was completed, and Griboyedov went to St. Petersburg, intending to use his connections in the capital to obtain permission to publish it and theatrical production. Only excerpts published in 1825 by Thaddeus Bulgarin in the almanac “Russian Waist” were censored. Griboedov's creation spread among the reading public in handwritten copies and became an event in Russian culture.

Griboedov also composed musical pieces, including two popular waltzes for piano. He played the piano, organ, and flute.

In the fall of 1825, Griboyedov returned to the Caucasus. At the beginning of 1826, he was arrested and taken to St. Petersburg to investigate alleged connections with the Decembrists, the instigators of the uprising in the capital on December 14, 1825. Many of the conspirators were close friends of Griboyedov, but in the end he was acquitted and released.

Upon returning to the Caucasus in the fall of 1826, he took part in several battles of the outbreak of the Russian-Persian War (1826-1828). Having brought the documents of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty with Persia to St. Petersburg in March 1828, Griboedov was awarded and appointed minister plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Persia.

On his way to Persia, he stopped for a while in Tiflis, where in August 1828 he married 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of the Georgian poet, Prince Alexander Chavchavadze.

In Persia, among other matters, the Russian minister was involved in sending captive Russian citizens to their homeland. An appeal to him for help by two Armenian women who had fallen into the harem of a noble Persian was the reason for reprisals against the diplomat.

Reactionary Tehran circles, dissatisfied with the peace with Russia, set a fanatical crowd against the Russian mission.

On February 11 (January 30, old style), 1829, during the defeat of the Russian mission in Tehran, Alexander Griboedov was killed.

Together with Russian Ambassador All embassy employees were killed, except for secretary Ivan Maltsev, and the Cossacks of the embassy convoy - a total of 37 people.

Griboyedov's ashes were in Tiflis and interred on Mount Mtatsminda in a grotto at the Church of St. David. The tombstone is crowned with a monument in the form of a weeping widow with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”

Griboedov's son, baptized Alexander, died without living even a day. Nina Griboedova never remarried and never took off her mourning clothes, for which she was called the Black Rose of Tiflis. In 1857, she died of cholera, refusing to leave her sick relatives. She was buried next to her only husband.

The author of the famous play “Woe from Wit” was not only a playwright. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was an outstanding diplomat, pianist and composer. But his genius did not shine for long: at the age of 34 he suffered a terrible death, for which the Shah of Persia paid Russian Empire a diamond of amazing beauty.

Talent is immediately noticeable

The future poet and diplomat was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow in the nobility rich family. He had a brother, Pavel, who died in early age, and Sister Mary, an outstanding pianist and harpist. Griboyedov never had respect for women (and even jokingly called them “the noisy sex”), but he maintained a warm friendship with his sister until the end of his life. He wrote his famous play “Woe from Wit” in Maria’s room, trying to avoid noise and annoying acquaintances. She was the only person privy to the secret of writing this work before its publication.

WITH early childhood Alexander surprised everyone with his inquisitive mind and diligent character - instead of playing and frolicking with his peers, he could sit for a long time and diligently study science. The boy’s primary education and upbringing was given to him by his mother Anastasia Fedorovna and several professional tutors, who helped him master three European languages ​​at the age of six.

From the age of seven, Alexander studied at higher education educational institution for noble children - at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. There Alexander studied various subjects, but he paid special attention to verbal and moral-political sciences. In addition, he learned three more foreign languages. The young man graduated from the boarding school with honors, having received an excellent, comprehensive education.

Difficult search for yourself

In 1812, the war with the Napoleonic invaders began. And Alexander, neglecting civilian career, joined the army. He joined the ranks of the Moscow Hussar Regiment with the rank of junior officer. Young Alexander longed for glory and exploits, but a long illness prevented him from defending his homeland. Even after the war, the ardent Alexander was unable to achieve success in the military field - until his departure from the army, he remained in the rank of cavalry cornet. But it was here that Griboyedov first tried himself in literature: during the years of service he wrote several essays, articles and translations.

Disappointed in military service, Alexander left her at the beginning of 1816 and moved to St. Petersburg. Here he wanted to rest and decide on his future destiny. In the capital, Griboyedov made numerous acquaintances in secular society and among famous playwrights. They helped the young man to take his work seriously literary activity. And a little later, Alexander joined the ranks of the Masonic lodge “United Friends”. But their program did not completely suit Alexander, and in 1817 he helped create a new Masonic lodge.

Life in St. Petersburg allowed young Alexander to learn about everyday life, selfishness, hypocrisy and narrow-mindedness high society. Brought up in the spirit of idealism and humanism, Alexander was outraged, and this inspired him to write a series of comedies in which a character appears, the prototype of Chatsky. Much later, the experience gained from life in the capital formed the basis of the plot of his famous accusatory play.

Great Diplomat

In 1817, Alexander entered the service of the College of Foreign Affairs. He began his career as a translator, but after just a year he became secretary of the embassy to Persia (now Iraq). In the same year, Griboyedov left for the East, not even suspecting that it was here that he would find his death.

Griboyedov's entire diplomatic service was associated with constant trips from Russia to Persia or Georgia. Memories of nomadic life formed the basis of numerous travel notes and diaries of the playwright. In the East he worked as a professional, and when he returned home to St. Petersburg (sometimes for a year or more), he took up literary activity and composed waltzes and sonatas for piano, which amazed listeners with their harmony. Official duties prompted Alexander to learn 4 more eastern languages.

In 1825, Griboyedov was in Kyiv, where he met with the Decembrists for some time. It was not in vain for him - in January next year he was detained and taken to the capital, suspected of having connections with underground fighters. But since no incriminating evidence was found, the suspect was released six months later. Fortunately, the arrest did not affect Griboyedov’s service and career, and he continued to work.

The year 1828 was marked for him by participation in the signing of a peace treaty with Persia in the village of Turkmanchay. Alexander developed the terms of this treaty and put a lot of effort into signing it. Thus ended the Russian-Persian War of 1826-1828.

After success in Turkmanchay, Griboedov was given a promotion - he was appointed to the post of Resident Minister in Tehran. On his way to Persia, he stopped in the Georgian city of Tiflis (now Tbilisi). The diplomat stayed there for only a few months, but these days were his last happy days, which completely changed his life.

Great love and terrible death

In Tiflis, Griboyedov stayed with an old friend - the Georgian prince Alexander Garsevanovich Chavchavadze, a military man and romantic poet. Here he met again eldest daughter owner 15-year-old Nina, whom I have not seen for 6 years. At that time, Griboyedov taught the girl to play the piano, and they had a warm friendship. But in 1828 things broke out between them real love. On September 3, they got married in the Sioni Church, despite the large age difference (Griboedov was 33 at the time). Soon after the wedding, Griboyedov continued his journey to Persia. Nina Alexandrovna initially accompanied her husband, but due to pregnancy and illness she was forced to turn back halfway.

Griboyedov, at the head of a diplomatic mission, arrived in Tehran to the court of Feth Ali Shah in early January 1829. He had to persuade the Shah to fulfill the obligations of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty. But the negotiations dragged on, and more and more Armenian refugees came to the Russian embassy, ​​fleeing Islamic fanatics. It is generally accepted that the shelter of refugees was the reason for the destruction of the Russian embassy.

The attack took place on February 11, 1829. An angry crowd of religious fanatics burst into the embassy building and brutally killed all refugees and members of the Russian diplomatic mission. Only secretary I. S. Maltsov managed to survive. And Griboyedov’s brutally mutilated body was identified only by his embassy uniform and traces of an old wound on his left arm, which he received 11 years ago in a duel with the Decembrist A.I. Yakubovich.

But there is still a lot of uncertainty about these events. Experts and historians believe that English agents were among the instigators of the attack - it was in the interests of England to quarrel between Russia and Persia. The only person who survived, secretary Maltsov, is suspected by some researchers of having connections with the attackers. And Griboyedov’s death still remains in doubt - the signs by which his body was identified cannot be considered sufficient.

After

The massacre at the Russian embassy led to international scandal. To assuage his guilt, the Shah sent numerous gifts to Emperor Nicholas I, including a large “Shah” diamond weighing more than 88 carats. Thanks to this, the scandal was settled, but gem could not replace the outstanding diplomat.

Nina Alexandrovna, having learned about the death of her husband, became seriously ill, and her child was born dead. On June 18, 1829, she buried Griboedov’s body in Georgia near the Church of St. David (now the Mtatsminda Pantheon). She wore mourning for her husband all her life - in her homeland in Tiflis they even called her Black rose. Nina Alexandrovna died of cholera in 1857.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 into a wealthy family of nobles. A man of exceptional talent, Alexander Griboedov could play the piano brilliantly, composed music himself, and knew more than five foreign languages. The Russian figure graduated from the Moscow University Noble Boarding School (1803), and then from three departments of Moscow University.

Griboyedov served in military service with the rank of cornet from 1812 to 1816, after which he began to realize himself in the journalistic and literary fields. Among his first works are the comedy “The Young Spouses,” which he translated from French, and “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher.” In 1817, Griboedov joined the Masonic organization “United Friends” and took the post of provincial secretary at public service. Griboedov continues to write, and the comedy “Student” and “Feigned Infidelity” are added to his work. At the same time, the gifted figure met Alexander Pushkin and his entourage.

Griboedov traveled to Persia twice on behalf of the government - in 1818 and 1820. Service in the east weighed heavily on him, and Griboyedov moved to Georgia. During this period, work begins on the most famous work- “Woe from mind.”

In 1826, the Russian writer was accused of belonging to the Decembrists. Griboyedov remained under investigation for about 6 months. But his involvement in the conspiracy could not be proven, and Griboyedov was released.

In 1828, he married Nina Chavchavadze, but their marriage was short-lived: Alexander Sergeevich was killed by a rioting crowd on January 30, 1829 during a visit of the Russian embassy to Tehran.

Biography 2

A great writer, competent diplomat, musician and composer is not full list merits of Alexander Griboyedov. A curious boy noble origin. The best scientists of that time were involved in his upbringing and training.

Sasha's abilities knew no bounds; he easily mastered six foreign languages. Since childhood I played musical instruments, wrote poetry.

He really wanted to prove himself in combat conditions, and he enlisted in the hussar regiment, but the war with Napoleon had already begun to end, much to Alexander’s chagrin. So he was never able to take part in the fighting.

His mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, saw her son as an official, but Griboyedov did not want to serve at all, it seemed boring to him. At this time he became interested in theater and literature, writing comedies. Young and hot, he soon gets into trouble and becomes a second. Duels at that time were not only prohibited, but you could go to prison for participating in them. Anastasia Fedorovna did a lot to save her son from imprisonment. And he had to leave Russia and go to Persia.

Being in foreign lands, Alexander was very bored. After some time, he seeks a transfer to Georgia. Here he begins to write his famous comedy. At the same time, he writes poetry and plays and continues to study music.

Alexander Griboyedov not only knew Ivan Krylov, he read “Woe from Wit” to him. The great fabulist liked the work, but he said with regret that the censorship would not let it pass. This turned out to be true. Moreover, the play was not only banned from being staged in the theater. But also print. It had to be rewritten secretly.

Soon Alexander returned to the Caucasus, where he continued to serve at Ermolov’s headquarters. At this time, the Decembrist uprising occurred. Griboyedov comes under suspicion and is arrested.

Before in last time Alexander got married to go on a diplomatic mission to the capital of Iran. The happiness of the young did not last long, only a few weeks. Going on another business trip, no one could have imagined that it would be the last.

It took half a century for people to start talking about Griboyedov and his role as a diplomat, writer and just a person.

Option 3

A.S. Griboedov is an outstanding Russian playwright, poet, composer and pianist. He was considered one of the smartest and most educated people of his time. He did a lot of useful things for Russia in the diplomatic field.

He was born in 1795. He was a representative of an old wealthy family. The mother, a harsh and domineering woman, loved her son very much. He answered her in the same way. However, conflicts often arose between them.

Alexander's learning abilities manifested themselves in childhood. Already at the age of six he could communicate freely in 3 foreign languages, and to teenage years mastered 6 languages. At first he received an excellent home education under the guidance of experienced tutors, then he was enrolled in the Moscow University boarding school. Further, having graduated from the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University, a thirteen-year-old teenager receives a Candidate of Science degree. Then he continued his studies at the Faculty of Law, after which he received a candidate of laws degree at the age of 15.

Interested in mathematics and natural sciences, he not only diligently attended lectures, but also took private lessons from some scientists, because he wanted to receive a doctorate degree. I managed to study and literary creativity, but, unfortunately, it early works not preserved.

In 1812 due to the outbreak of the Patriotic War, Griboedov left his studies, literary studies and under the influence patriotic ideas enlists in the hussars. But he did not have the chance to fight, since his regiment was sent to the rear. Soon Alexander was appointed adjutant to the commander and transferred to Brest-Litovsk.

In 1814 publishes his articles for the first time. Begins to write for the theater. In 1815 resigns, and after 2 years enters the civil service at the College of Foreign Affairs.

Living in St. Petersburg, Griboyedov takes an active part in the activities of the literary and theater circle. Writes and publishes several comedies.

In 1818 receives appointment to the post of secretary of the Russian mission in Iran. Keeps travel notes. Shooting with A.I. in Tiflis Yakubovich. After this duel, a finger on his left hand was forever mutilated.

In Iran, he is working for the release of captured Russian soldiers and personally accompanies their detachment to their homeland. In 1820 begins work on the play "Woe from Wit".

Since 1822 to 1823 Serves under General Ermolov. He writes musical vaudeville, which premiered in 1824. Leaves the service. He is trying to get “Woe from Wit” published and staged, but to no avail.

In 1825 returns to service. In 1826 was arrested in the Caucasus. He was accused of having connections with the Decembrists, but no evidence was found, so he was released.

In 1828 Griboyedov married, and in 1829. was killed by religious fanatics in Tehran.

Biography by dates and Interesting Facts. The most important.

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