Russian and Soviet writers of the 20th century. Russian literature of the 20th century

With the help of literature, a person finds himself in a completely different world, fairy world or into the world of detectives and investigations or fantastic adventures! Let's look at ten today greatest writers XX century, which won the hearts of millions of readers around the world.

Camus has no equal in philosophical aesthetics. His most popular books are considered to be: “The Rebel Man”, “The Myth of Sisyphus”; they brought the writer worldwide fame. In his books, the hero reflects on life, on its sedateness and rebellion, on defeat and victory, on gain and loss. The reader, together with the author, reflects on the futility of existence and the joy of life.

In his books, Frisch wrote about people who live in their own world and try to build a bridge to reality, making attempts to find solid support and ground under their feet. Frisch's works are calm and measured, like life in Switzerland. And the main action takes place in the heads of the writer’s characters.

Isaac wrote in Yiddish, a dying language. There's definitely some writerly touch and rock to it. Bashevis-Singer is the owner Nobel Prize. His books have been translated into dozens of languages. And his stories about love and friendship, betrayal and loyalty have many similarities with the life of modern Jews, but differ from their history.

Borges is a genius of mysticism, puzzle and detective work. Monstrous labyrinths, huge libraries and a hero who wanders through them in search of reality...

A great American humanist in the sense of literature! “A man will endure, no matter what happens” is Faulkner’s main credo, he constantly repeated it and always adhered to it. In his books this is really true, no one ever gives up, everyone goes to the end!

Master short stories and aphorisms. A deeply unhappy person who committed suicide. He himself did not recognize himself as a great writer and did not strive to be famous. Ryunosuke has said more than once that he doesn’t have any special technologies or anything extraordinary, he just lives and feels. Be that as it may, readers recognized him. The writer became the founder of modern Japanese literature, widely known in the West.

Kafka didn't write much, but he is one of the most popular writers, for sure, because his stories are very exciting and interesting. His heroes are ordinary people who live ordinary life, but they notice something absolutely unusual and fantastic. They are so carried away by this that it is already difficult for them to distinguish between reality and fantasy.

Undoubtedly, the book “Ulysses” is the most famous book of the 20th century. This book is about an ordinary Dubliner who, in 24 hours, walked through almost the entire Homeric Odysseus. Surprisingly, they didn’t call Joyce a maniac, a hermit, a fugitive, an exile, etc. The writer’s life alone is the most interesting book How could such a person write something mediocre?

“Man Without Qualities” is a book about each of us, the most famous book by Robert Musil. Agree, we often have periods in our lives when we simply watch how someone makes a revolution, makes a coup, creates history with their own hands. But is observation and inaction really supposed to be a virtue, while rebellion and protest will lead to disaster? Yes, that’s how Musil would answer... This book is about the tragedy of existence and an ironic attitude towards it.

The books “Buddenbrooks”, “The Magic Mountain”, “Joseph and His Brothers” and “Doctor Faustus” brought fame to this German writer. Mann is a writer who has captivated readers who enjoy complex and intricate literature. He leads us along unexplored paths, first to one gorge, then to another huge abyss. A person reading his works longs to reach the end and gain clarity, but in the end comes to another cliff...

Share on social media networks

This Dictionary is part of the system of encyclopedic works devoted to Russian verbal culture. It describes all types creative writing: prose, poetry, drama, children's literature, literary criticism and literary criticism.

It meets the basic principles of modern science about the historical path of Russian literature in the twentieth century. This path was, as it were, predicted by the last classics of the previous century, A. Chekhov and L. Tolstoy, who met new century with anxiety and hope that also applies to culture. (Strictly speaking, it would be necessary to include these names in this edition, but still they are the flesh of the nineteenth century.) Both were fully confirmed.

By this Dictionary it is possible to compile a martyrology of 20th century writers that is much more gigantic compared to the famous martyrology of A. Herzen. Not only the history of Russia turned out to be tragic, but also the fate of its literary artists. Even those who were apparently prosperous and not rejected by the authorities (M. Gorky, M. Sholokhov, A. Fadeev, I. Ehrenburg, K. Simonov, etc.) were not spared drama.

On the other hand, one of the confirmations of the hope of the great writers of the past was the flourishing of Russian literature, which, despite everything, generally retained its aesthetic freedom. Of the Russian literary artists of the 20th century, more than a hundred writers are world figures. In quantitative terms, this is much more than what the “golden age” of Russian literature produced.

Political regimes in the 20th century did not like culture. Not only the one that directly opposed the authorities, but also the one that was on the side of the existing system: in this case, they were afraid of its relative independence. Therefore, for example, after Patriotic War 1941-1945, which was won partly thanks to literature that shaped the patriotic feelings of the people, one of the first political actions of the government was the trial of writers, and soon of artists representing other forms of art. II is the general motive for condemning artists so dissimilar in their worldview and style as A. Akhmatova and M. Zoshchenko - they think and behave independently.

Defending yourself fiction in the second half of the 20th century, she appealed to the people and at the same time protected them from the regime. It is no coincidence that her main aesthetic achievement during this period was the so-called “ village prose", prepared by the great poetic experience of A. Tvardovsky and presented by such names as F. Abramov, S. Zalygin, V. Astafiev, B. Mozhaev, V. Rasputin, V. Belov and, naturally, A. Solzhenitsyn.

The dictionary denies cemetery, “memorial” motives regarding Soviet literature. Not to mention its classics, one cannot help but admit that even many writers from the Russian diaspora matured within its boundaries. New famous names who announced themselves in last decade, V to a greater extent heirs of a previous long stage in the history of culture of the 20th century than it seems to modern criticism.

D. S. Likhachev said that the history of culture is not its progress: it is the accumulation of culture. Rejecting the metonymic view of literature, when a part of an artistic phenomenon is presented as its whole, the Dictionary tries to present the overall positive aesthetic result of everything accumulated in the history of our national literature. The “components” of this result are very different in value and artistic content, but there are also internal connecting threads between them, which is quite understandable: culture is one.

The dictionary can be perceived as a continuation of the multi-volume dictionary “Russian Writers. 1800-1917", carried out by the publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia" (four volumes published). But the proposed publication also has specific structural features: it can be called “the author’s encyclopedia.” Of course, all the traditional genre and content qualities of dictionary entries, their bibliographic “norms” are present here, but there are individual authorial styles and analytical approaches to the material. Conditional definition publication as an “author's encyclopedia” explains some of its content and structural aspects. The editorial board took into account the author's terminological characteristics of historical events. For example, “October 1917”: both “revolution” and “coup” - especially since this discord was common for that time, including among the Bolsheviks (J.V. Stalin entitled his anniversary article in the newspaper “ Pravda" in 1918: "October Revolution").

We also considered it necessary to agree with the author’s definition of the scope of a particular article; as a rule, it was dictated not only (and sometimes not so much) by the significance of the object of encyclopedic consideration, but by the degree of study of the “subject” or current awareness of it (for example, articles about D. Bedny, A. Bezymensky). And also - the manner of presentation of one or another author of the article, which the editorial board sought to preserve, thus presenting not only a panorama of literature of the 20th century, but also a range of different research approaches and style features modern analysts literary process. This last circumstance partly clarifies the question of the addressee of the publication. It is intended both for all those who are interested in Russian literature of the 20th century, and for its researchers. The creators of the Dictionary hope that this book will serve as meaningful material for the future scientific history Russian literature of the outgoing century - and at the same time will make fascinating reading for the narrowest circle of readers, including schoolchildren and students. This is not surprising for a book whose authors include such writers as S. Zalygin, L. Ozerov, F. Iskander, A. Borshchagovsky, as well as major literary scholars and critics, who initiated this publication. Some of them themselves became the objects of encyclopedic narration.

The structure of the articles could not but be affected by the great difference in the literary experience of the authors and their belonging to different literary “guilds”. In essence, the Dictionary makes an attempt to unite two, strictly speaking, unequal “departments”: literary criticism with its historical “magnanimity”, mandatory for science, and literary criticism, free from this (which is not its disadvantage, but its very nature). But the author-critics tried to avoid journalistic biases (one of the typical examples is A. Bocharov’s articles about the literary antipodes: V. Grossman and V. Kozhevnikov), although, of course, some ideological preferences could not help but be reflected in the text.

The authors did not use the material to substantiate their current cultural and sociological concepts. They assumed that it was self-sufficient and valuable for its historical quality. The informational and analytical principle of the publication can be called “unifying”. That is, creating a kind of pantheon of Russian literary literature of the outgoing century, writers, literary critics, and critics saw in this the opportunity for creative consent, which the modern literary community really needs. Everyone is aware of this social and moral need. In Russian literature of the 20th century, which, for all its differences (and not only in the sense of aesthetic quality), had in its best examples, as already said, one thing in common - relative freedom from the dictates of external circumstances. The need for its encyclopedic characterization follows from the general task of our time: to expand the information space of knowledge about the past cultural development Russia, which allows at least small degree predict its near and distant future.

The publication’s dictionary was based on two criteria: artistic level works and the significance of the names of their authors - in the national and world consciousness. They did not always coincide, these criteria, but in any literary experience - great or not so significant - one or another sign was present.

This Dictionary is not academic, like the mentioned volumes of the well-known publication “Russian Writers. 1800-1917”, and is not saturated with large source data (in particular, archival ones) - this is a matter of the near future.

Naturally, not all worthy writers of the 20th century are represented here. And many of those described no longer satisfy the current positive aesthetic perception. But here is a biographical history of Russian literature as it was in the great and tragic century. Many authors of articles were and remain active participants in literary history - the more justified their right to participate in this publication looks.

Readers may point out the absence in the Dictionary of articles about such wonderful writers as G. Aigi, V. Bykov, Ch. Aitmatov and others. Many of their texts were created in Russian, their contribution to Russian literature and Russian culture in general is very significant., But main source their creativity - in their national spiritual element: Chuvash, Belarusian, Kyrgyz, etc. They, as a rule, began to write in native language and the subject of their stories was the life of their national homeland. Therefore, in modern art world they, first of all, represent their national literature. The examples of V. Nabokov and I. Brodsky do not refute this position: the main principles of their work lie within the framework of specifically Russian artistic phenomena.

There were different stages in the work on the Dictionary. Initially, it was created, so to speak, on a voluntary basis, with little financial support from the institute." Open Society", in the private publishing house "Rendezvous-AM" (editor-in-chief S. A. Nadeev). Famous authors did not complain about the meager fees. Three or four people were involved in the editorial work, also on a voluntary basis (a special role in editing the texts belonged to I. I. Nikolaeva, who passed away shortly before the publication of the Dictionary).

Some articles were created almost on a competitive basis: two or three authors, and sometimes more, provided different texts about one writer - most often, a major one. Sometimes living writers helped in clarifying biographical data (A. Solzhenitsyn and others).

At the final stage, already at the Great Russian Encyclopedia publishing house, the work on the Dictionary acquired a qualitatively new character, the publication’s vocabulary was significantly expanded, and its information base was strengthened (here a special role belonged to Doctor of Philology G. V. Yakusheva). The work of professional encyclopedic bibliographers and proofreaders also contributed to the correction of detected factual errors and inaccuracies.

The study of Russian literature of the 20th century in the encyclopedic genre is just beginning. It will undoubtedly continue. Future encyclopedists will have to evaluate huge amount new names, and then it will become clear what place Russian literary literature of the twentieth century occupied in the spiritual life of Russia and the world.

The dictionary “Russian Writers of the 20th Century” will become a significant milestone in the history of Russian science and culture and simply a gift for all connoisseurs of great Russian literature.

The jury of 'The Top Ten: Writers Pick Their Favorite Books', led by a New York Times columnist, included such famous writers as: Jonathan Franzen, recognized by Times magazine as the best American novelist, author of the novel “The Emperor's Children” Claire Mesud, Joyce Carol Oates, famous American novelist, and many others. Writers have compiled lists of 10 best novels and writers, reviewing 544 titles. The novels were scored from 1 to 10.

The literary collection that emerged as a result of this experiment, which united literary preferences completely different writers– from David Foster Wallace to Stephen King, provides a glimpse into world literature as a kind of collective creativity of great writers.
The literary collection that emerged as a result of this experiment, which united the literary passions of completely different writers - from David Foster Wallace to Stephen King, allows us to look at world literature as a kind of collective creativity of great writers.

1. “Lolita” – Vladimir Nabokov

In 1955, Lolita was published - the third American novel by Vladimir Nabokov, the creator of The Defense of Luzhin, Despair, Invitation to an Execution and The Gift. Causing a scandal on both sides of the ocean, this book elevated the author to the top of the literary Olympus and became one of the most famous and, without a doubt, the greatest works of the 20th century. Today, when the polemical passions around Lolita have long subsided, we can confidently say that this is a book about great love, overcoming illness, death and time, love, open to infinity, “love at first sight, at last sight, at eternal sight.”

2. “The Great Gatsby” – F. Scott Fitzgerald

One of the most famous prose writers USA of the 20th century, Francis Scott Fitzgerald announced to the world the beginning of a new century - the “age of jazz”, one of the first to speak on behalf of “ lost generation" He wrote about the “American Dream”, personified it, but reality turned into a tragedy, and early death the life of the darling of fate was cut short. The hero of the novel “The Great Gatsby” made a fortune for himself, achieved power, but neither money nor power made him happy.

3. “In Search of Lost Time” – Marcel Proust

Marcel Proust - famous French writer, founder of modern psychological prose. His seven-volume epic “In Search of Lost Time” became one of the most brilliant literary experiments 20th century. The first volume includes three novels: “Towards Swann”, “Under the canopy of girls in bloom” and “Germant”. The second volume includes four novels: “Sodom and Gomorrah”, “Captive”, “Fugitive”, “Time Regained”.

4. “Ulysses” – James Joyce

The great Irish writer James Joyce (1882 - 1941) stands at the origins of all modernist and postmodernist literature. Ulysses, a unique text, “novel No. 1” of the 20th century, earned him a big name and worldwide fame. His hero and the plot are extremely simple - one day in the life of a Dublin man in the street; but the entire cosmos of literature is contained in a simple shell - a fireworks display of all styles and writing techniques, the most virtuoso language, echoes of myriads of great and unknown texts, the invasion of ancient myths and the creation of new ones, irony and scandal, mockery and play - and from all this a new look at art, people and the world. From the moment of its publication to this day, Ulysses remains a challenge from the Writer to the Reader.

5. “Dubliners” – James Joyce

The book includes early realistic stories from the collection "Dubliners" and lyrical sketch“Giacomo Joyce” by the outstanding Irish writer James Joyce, whose 100th birthday was celebrated in 1982. In “Dubliners,” Joyce set himself the task of “writing a chapter in the spiritual history of his nation,” and in “Giacomo” he conveyed the inner thoughts of his hero.

6. “One Hundred Years of Solitude” – Gabriel Garcia Marquez

The novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude” shows the birth, heyday, decline and death of clan Buendia. The history of this family is a story of loneliness, one way or another manifested in the fate of each of the Buendias. Loneliness, separation of family members, their inability to understand and be understood by each other acquire a truly mythological character in the novel. And the very history of several generations of the Buendia family takes on the character of a family myth, and with it its characteristic features - a craving for incest and the curse associated with it, the predetermination and predetermination of the fate of the heroes. In the novel, she is embodied in the image of the gypsy Melquiades, who wrote down in Sanskrit the chronicle of the family, deciphered a few minutes before the death of Macondo and all Buendia. At the same time, the novel also contains a parody of myth. The means of parody is the writer’s special ironic laughter, manifested in deliberately mythological constructions, the everyday tone of the narrative, which sometimes tells about absurd or downright fantastic events. The myth-creating “reality of the miraculous”, “magical realism” of Latin American prose appears in the novel as the most important means creating a unique image of America and at the same time as a parody of itself.

7. “The Sound and the Fury” – William Faulkner

William Faulkner - the largest American writer, who received the Nobel Prize in 1949 “for his significant and artistic point view as a unique contribution to the development of the modern American novel.” The writer’s novels “Light in August”, “Absalom, Absalom!”, “Sanctuary”, “Defiler of Ashes”, the trilogy “Village” - “City” - “Mansion” and, of course, included in this edition brought worldwide fame and fame to the writer. the novel “The Sound and the Fury,” a novel that Faulkner called the most difficult in his creative biography.
Main storyline tells the story of the decline of one of the oldest and most influential families of the American South - the Compsons. Over the course of the novel's roughly 30 years, the family faces financial ruin, loses respect in the town, and many family members end their lives tragically.

8. “To the Lighthouse” – Virginia Woolf

Name English writer W. Wolfe, author widely famous novels“Jacob's Room”, “Mrs. Dalloway”, “Orlando” are put on a par with the names of J. Joyce, T. S. Eliot, O. Huxley, D. H. Lawrence - in a word, those who determined the main paths of development Western European literature of the 20th century.
In the novel presented in this edition by W. Woolf “To the Lighthouse”, after “Mrs. Dalloway”, probably the most famous work of the writer, the main theme is time and life in its temporal expiration.

9. Stories - Flannery O'Connor

The author's collection of stories by the outstanding American master of “Southern Gothic”, stories about love and death, full of Old Testament passions projected into modern times. O'Connor puts his eccentric characters in extreme situations, resulting in acts of violence that bring her characters back to reality and leave the reader with a taste of mystery.

10. “Pale Fire” – Vladimir Nabokov

The novel “Pale Fire” by Vladimir Nabokov, one of the writer’s most extraordinary works, was published in 1962. Coming out of print, Pale Fire immediately came to the attention of American and English critics. Not all of them appreciated the writer’s innovation and discerned behind the complicated form the deep philosophical essence of his work, which reveals the tragedy of the human “I” alienated from the world and explores the problems of correlation creative imagination and madness, fiction and reality, temporary and eternal. However, in spite of everything, this most difficult and opaque work of Nabokov's English language became a bestseller, giving rise over time to many literary studies.

It is very nice to know that a good book can be found not only among the works of writers of the 18th and 19th centuries. Very often, in order to find worthy reading material, we turn to the works best writers 20th century.

20th century literature

Today it is possible to get acquainted with almost any book written by one of the most famous writers 20th century. Foreign literature attracts with its fantastic worlds and intriguing detective stories. At the same time, the works of domestic authors are more addressed to the soul. Many Russian writers of the 20th century have world name. Here are some of the foreign writers, whose contribution to the development of literature is worthily appreciated by readers.

Mark Millar

Mark Millar is the favorite writer of many teenagers around the world. This famous author comics. He has already pleased the world with his famous works: « iron man", "Wanted", the "X-Men" series and many others. Almost all the results of his activities became the subjects for many modern films. Writers of the 20th century accepted this author into their ranks, and now he is one of the most successful writers of the 21st century.

Stephen King

Stephen King is one of the most recognizable horror authors. Of course, this American writer wrote not only thrillers, but it was they that brought him world fame. Books written by King are easy to read and quickly draw you into their atmosphere. “Dream Catcher” alone is worth it. In any case, writers of the 20th century are glad to have such a sharp shooter with words in their ranks.

Ernest Hemingway

Winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize, Ernest Hemingway is a classic of the adventure genre. The author's masterpieces often appear in school curriculum, and books in considerable quantities decorate any library. He significantly influenced almost all the literature of our time. Many writers of the 20th century respect this author and often consider him their ideal.

Arthur Conan Doyle

Today we can enjoy reading the world masterpiece “Sherlock Holmes” thanks to the writer Arthur Conan Doyle. This brilliant master of the pen, according to many, is the best they can imagine English writers 20th century. The writer has published many of his books, among which are: famous works, like “Waterloo”, “Angels of Darkness” and many others. The writer was a friend of H.G. Wells, but perceived his genre as completely opposite to the one in which he himself worked. Nevertheless, the works of both great writers are considered world heritage.

Russians writers 20 century

Writers in Russia had a hard time in the 20th century. The era was not characterized by calm. She was filled with anxiety in anticipation of inevitable changes. Hard fates awaited almost all people of art, including writers. But even

this state of affairs was used to convey the experiences of readers. And it really worked. Today you can really enjoy the variety good books, the authors of which were writers of the 20th century who lived in Russia. The number of such writers is really large, and it is difficult to single out someone - after all, many of them wrote really good books.

Alexander Kuprin

I would like to dwell on the work of the famous Russian writer Alexander Kuprin. His story “The Duel,” which was published at the very beginning of the 20th century, was a great success. Many of his works have been collected into collections. They are quite popular.

Introduction. Russian literature of the twentieth century has an extremely complex, even tragic, history. This is due to fundamental changes in the life of the country that began at the turn of the century. Russia has experienced three revolutions: 1905, February and October 1917; Russian – Japanese war gg; First world war gg; Civil War The internal political situation in our country at that time was extremely difficult.

The turn of the century was marked by significant scientific discoveries. They revolutionized ideas about the knowability of the world. This led to a search for an explanation of new phenomena through religion and mysticism. The philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev described this time as follows: “It was the era of the awakening in Russia of independent philosophical thought, the flourishing of poetry and the intensification of aesthetic sensitivity, religious anxiety and quest, interest in mysticism and the occult. New souls appeared, new sources were discovered creative life..." So, one dominant worldview has been replaced by a diversity of opinions and ideas in all areas of life.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy L. N. Tolstoy. Portrait by I. E. Repin.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Main themes of creativity ideological quest intelligentsia, dissatisfaction with the philistine existence of some, spiritual “humility” before the vulgarity of the lives of others (“A Boring Story”, 1889; “Duel”, 1891; “House with a Mezzanine”, 1896; “Ionych”, 1898; “Lady with a Dog”, 1899 ).

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin BUNIN Ivan Alekseevich (), Russian writer, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1909). He emigrated in 1920.

Alexander Blok (symbolist) Alexander Blok. Portrait by I. K. Parkhomenko.

Andrey Bely (symbolism) BELY Andrey(pseud. Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev) (), Russian writer. One of the leading figures of symbolism. Early poetry is characterized by mystical motifs, a grotesque perception of reality (“symphonies”), and formal experimentation (the collection “Gold in Azure,” 1904). The collection “Ashes” (1909) contains the tragedy of rural Rus'. The novel “Petersburg” (revised edition in 1922) contains a symbolic and satirical image of Russian statehood.

Nikolai Gumilyov and Anna Akhmatova (acmeists) Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov with their little son, the future famous historian L. N. Gumilyov

Khlebnikov Velimir (futurist) KHLEBNIKOV Velimir (real name Viktor Vladimirovich) (), Russian poet, one of key figures avant-garde.

Vladimir Mayakovsky MAYAKOVSKY Vladimir Vladimirovich, Russian poet, one of the brightest representatives avant-garde art x years.

Marina Tsvetaeva TsVETAEVA Marina Ivanovna (), Russian poetess. Daughter of I.V. Tsvetaev. Romantic maximalism, motives of loneliness, the tragic doom of love, rejection of everyday life (collections “Versta”, 1921, “Craft”, 1923, “After Russia”, 1928; satirical poem“The Pied Piper”, 1925, “Poem of the End”, both 1926).

Sergei Yesenin (imagist) ESENIN Sergei Alexandrovich (), Russian poet. From his first collections (“Radunitsa”, 1916; “Rural Book of Hours”, 1918) he appeared as a subtle lyricist, a master of deeply psychologized landscapes, a singer of peasant Rus', an expert vernacular And people's soul. B was a member of the group of imagists

Alexey Remizov REMIZOV Alexey Mikhailovich (), Russian writer. Searches for an archaic style focused on literature and the spoken word of pre-Petrine Rus'. Book of legends, apocrypha (“Limonar, that is: Spiritual Meadow”, 1907), novels “Pond” (1908), “The Word of the Destruction of the Russian Land” (1918). He emigrated in 1921.

Mark Aldanov ALDANOV Mark Alexandrovich (real name Landau), Russian writer; novelist and essayist; one of the most read (and translated into foreign languages) writers of the first Russian emigration, who gained fame thanks to his historical novels, covering the events of two centuries of Russian and European history(from the mid-18th century).

Maxim Gorky GORKY Maxim (real name and last name Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov) (), Russian writer, publicist.

Mikhail Sholokhov SHOLOHOV Mikhail Alexandrovich (), Russian writer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1967, 1980).

Nikolai Ostrovsky OSTROVSKY Nikolai Alekseevich (), Russian writer. Participant Civil War; was seriously wounded. Blind and bedridden, Ostrovsky created the novel “How the Steel Was Tempered” (some chapters were not omitted by the censor) about the formation of Soviet power and heroic life Komsomol member Pavel Korchagin (an image that largely determined the type positive hero literature of socialist realism). The novel “Born of the Storm” (1936, unfinished).

Alexander Tvardovsky TVARDOVSKY Alexander Trifonovich (), Russian poet, editor-in-chief of the magazine " New world"(,). The poem “Vasily Terkin” () is a vivid embodiment of the Russian character and popular feelings of the era of the Great Patriotic War

Konstantin Simonov SIMONOV Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich (), Russian writer, public figure, Hero Socialist Labor (1974).

Evgeniy Schwartz Evgeniy Lvovich SHVARTZ (), Russian playwright. Saturated with highly relevant social and political content, caustic irony, fairy tale plays based on the works of H. C. Andersen “The Naked King” (1934), “The Shadow” (1940); satirical plays"Dragon" (1944), " An ordinary miracle"(1956); plays for children, stories, scripts.

Vasily Shukshin SHUKSHIN Vasily Makarovich (October 1974), Russian writer, film director, actor. Honored Artist of Russia (1969). In stories (collection “Village Residents”, 1963, “There, Away”, 1968, “Characters”, 1973), the novel “Lubavins” (parts 1-2) and films (“There Lives Such a Guy”, 1964, “ Stoves and benches", 1972, "Kalina Krasnaya", 1974

Russian literature of the twentieth century has tragic story. In the 1920s, writers (Bunin, Kuprin, Shmelev) left Russia and were expelled. The destructive impact of censorship: public persecution of literary artists (Bulgakov, Pilnyak) Since the beginning of the 30s, the tendency to bring literature to a single artistic method – socialist realism. In the 30s, the process of physical destruction of writers began: N. Klyuev, O. Mandelstam, I. Babel, I. Kataev, B. Pilnyak were shot and died in the camps. Prezentacii.com