Is there an HIV epidemic in Russia? High risk regions. AIDS in Russia: statistics

19.10.2019

Ten regions of Russia are in critical condition in terms of HIV prevalence. This was stated by the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Veronika Skvortsova. The sad list is headed by the Sverdlovsk and Kemerovo regions.

“HIV is spread very unevenly across the country,” the head of the Ministry of Health noted. “The prevalence is significantly higher, several times higher, in those regions through which drug trafficking routes pass. Therefore, there are 10 critical regions out of 85. In the first place is the Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, which got (in connection with this) to the press," said Skvortsova.

According to the minister, "57% of all sources of HIV infection are injections, usually among heroin addicts." As for such a traditional risk group as homosexuals, this trend is less pronounced in Russia.

“40% of cases of sexually transmitted infections relate to heterosexual couples,” Skvortsova said, stressing that the increase in the number of infections is due to well-off women who have picked up the virus from their own husband.

According to the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, at the end of last year the list of the most HIV-affected regions was as follows: areas.

During the year, anonymous testing was conducted in problem regions, which was passed by 23.5 thousand young people under 30 years old. Among them, 2.3% of HIV-infected people were identified.

In early November, the Ministry of Health of Yekaterinburg announced that every 50th inhabitant of the city had AIDS.

"We have an infection rate of 1,826 people per hundred thousand, which is 1.8% of the city's population, 26,693 thousand infected," Tatyana Savinova, deputy head of the Yekaterinburg city health department, said. "And these are only known cases, the real incidence is even higher," she stressed.

But this situation in Yekaterinburg has been developing for decades, so doctors do not make announcements about the beginning of the epidemic, the city health department emphasized.

According to the criteria of WHO and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV, more than 1% of those infected means that the infection is firmly rooted among the population and its spread is practically independent of risk groups.

Meanwhile, the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS believes that Russia is now on the verge of transition to the third, last stage of the HIV epidemic.

“An epidemic is a conditional concept. There are three stages in HIV. Initial - the first cases are imported from abroad. The second is concentrated, risk groups are affected. We now have 10% of men who have sex with men and 20% of drug addicts are infected. And when more than 1% of pregnant women are infected, then it is generalized. Here we are now at the stage of transition from the second to the third, "Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the center, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, told the L!fe portal.

AIDS , the full name according to medical terminology is “Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome”) - a painful condition that progresses when the human body is damaged by an incurable disease caused by pathogenic retroviruses of the genus Lentoviruses. The homeland of HIV is considered to be Central Africa, where similar viruses were found in the blood of chimpanzees. The first cases of HIV infection were noted in the United States in 1981. This is how the statistics of AIDS patients was born.

Further, the disease began to gradually spread throughout the world and already in 1987 reached the expanses of the USSR. The first case was a man who had worked as an interpreter in African countries for a long time. Today, this disease poses a real threat to humanity. The official statistics of AIDS patients is disappointing, despite all the measures taken, and forces medicine to look for new methods of dealing with a dangerous disease.

Causes of the disease

AIDS itself is not a disease. It is only a consequence of the action of HIV, manifested in the weakening of the basic functions of organs and, as a result, the high susceptibility of all systems of the human body to varying degrees of severity. Despite advances in medicine, HIV/AIDS treatment remains the cornerstone of the industry. So far, it has not been possible to destroy the virus causing the infection, only drugs have been developed that can slightly suppress the pathogen, reduce its activity in weakening the immune system. The main culprit of AIDS enters the body in several ways:

Through seminal fluid during sexual intercourse with an infected person without using a condom.
When injecting drugs needles previously used by HIV patients.
When transfused virus-infected donated blood

In addition, there is a risk of infection of the child from the mother through the tissues of the placenta and. According to the statistics of AIDS patients, the probability of such infection is 12-13%. The infection is not transmitted through saliva with kisses, with friendly handshakes.

The disease is detected in the early stages using various methods of blood testing in medical institutions and specialized centers - a positive HIV result of such tests indicates the presence of a pathogen in the body and transfers a person to the rank of an infected person.

The plague of our time

AIDS is one of the global problems of mankind. The statistics of AIDS patients in the world shows that as of 2016, more than 40 million people were infected with HIV. The disease is most prevalent in African countries:

Zambia - 1.2 million
Kenya - 1.4 million
Tanzania - 1.5 million
Uganda - 1.3 million
Mozambique - 1.5 million
Zimbabwe - 1.6 million
Nigeria - 3.4 million

South Africa ranks first in terms of HIV incidence in the world. Here, about 6.3 million people are infected with the deadly virus. This situation is associated with a low standard of living, developed prostitution, lack of education of the population in matters of disease prevention.

In Asian countries, India ranks first in the number of HIV-infected people. According to official figures, 2 million people are affected by the disease.

In Europe of the 2.5 million infected, the bulk (more than 1.0 million people) of patients are in Russia. The quantitative ratio of the ways of infection with the disease is quite diverse across countries. In European countries, most of the HIV infected are among homosexuals who became infected through unprotected sexual intercourse. In third world countries, the main route of spread of the disease is sexual contact between heterosexual men and HIV-infected prostitutes. In the expanses of the former USSR, an ambiguous situation with the incidence of HIV has developed in two neighboring countries - Russia and Ukraine.

Center for the AIDS Epidemic in Europe

Russia is the most unfavorable region of the Eurasian continent in terms of the spread of HIV. At the end of 2016, according to the statistics of AIDS patients in Russia, there were 1,114,815 people, of which 223,863 people died, of which 30,550 people died in 2016 (almost 11% more than in the previous 2015). The average age of those infected with HIV is:

from 20–30 years old - 23.3% of the total;
from 30 to 40 years old - 49.6%;
from 40–50 - 19.9%.

The majority (53%) became infected while injecting drugs through non-sterile infected needles. 2016 was marked by another increase in the incidence of HIV in Russia - from January to December, the disease was detected in 103,438 people, which is 5.3% higher than in 2015. By regions, the most unfavorable regions for the spread of HIV are the following regions:

Irkutsk.
Samara.
Sverdlovsk.
Kemerovo.
Tyumenskaya.
Chelyabinsk.

The HIV incidence rate for 2016 in these regions is several times higher than the national average. Data for these areas are shown in the table below. Regions of Russia with high rates of HIV incidence in 2016:

Region	Affectedness, living HIV patients/ 100 thousand population	Incidence in 2016, HIV infected / 100 thousand population
Region
Irkutsk	1636,0	163,6
Samara	1476,9	161,5
Sverdlovsk	1647,9	156,9
Kemerovo	1582,5	228,0
Chelyabinsk	1079,6	154,0
Tyumenskaya	1085,4	150,0
National average	594,3	70,6

By city high incidence rates are noted in Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Krasnoyarsk. In Yekaterinburg, every 50 resident is infected with HIV.

The statistics of AIDS patients (HIV) in Russia indicate that in the future the situation will be very difficult and its solution depends on how effective measures the state takes to combat this disease.

AIDS in Ukraine

The situation in Ukraine in terms of the level of HIV/AIDS infection is also very difficult. The official statistics of AIDS patients in Ukraine during the spread of the disease in the post-Soviet space is as follows:

295,603 people have been infected with HIV since 1987;
as of 2016, 41,115 people have died.

The areas most affected are:

Dnepropetrovsk.
Kyiv.
Donetsk.
Odessa.
Nikolaevskaya.

The statistics of AIDS patients here exceeds the national average by 1.5–2 times. The level of infected people in Kyiv is also high. The main route of transmission of the virus is unprotected sexual relations - more than 57% of all cases. Given the increase in the number of patients in 2013–2015, the forecast for the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Ukraine in 2017 is disappointing. If last year's trend continues, the number of patients will increase by another 15,000–17,000 people.

AIDS patients statistics both in individual countries and in the world is inexorably progressing. How many AIDS patients will appear by the end of this year is difficult to predict. Until a cure for HIV is found, the virus continues to advance.

Many countries consider HIV infection as the main problem in the formation of a healthy nation all over the world. Depending on the economic state of the state, the ability to quickly and accurately detect infected people, timely high-quality treatment of patients, as well as the awareness of the population about the danger of the disease and prevention methods, the indicator that determines which country has the most HIV (AIDS) incidence depends.

The popularity of the state in the world community and economic growth depend on this indicator in the 21st century. Many highly developed countries do not allow entry into their territory without passing an appropriate analysis, which indicates the government's interest in the health of its population. In the Russian Federation every year every working person is required to take an analysis to determine the retrovirus in the blood. This allows you to control the disease and take appropriate measures to prevent immunodeficiency. For example, in Belarus, when crossing a border checkpoint, one must document one's HIV-negativity. But in Europe, this document is not always required. In any case, when traveling to another country, you must have such data with you, which are valid for 3 months.

Countries according to the number of HIV-infected people are divided into 3 levels:

States in which the causative agent of AIDS is transmitted among men - homo- and bisexual, drug addicts using intravenous potent substances. These include the USA, Brazil, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mexico, Great Britain, Turkey. These countries have a high rate of infected per 100,000 population, which ranges from 53 to 246 patients, depending on the region.
The disease occurs among heterosexuals when the pathogen is transmitted sexually through contact with a prostitute. At the same time, a high degree of possibility of infection in people with many sexual partners. Often such patients are also exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Such regions include the countries of Asia and Eastern Europe. They have a relatively low rate of those infected with a retrovirus, which is from 20 to 50 patients per 100,000 population.
In China, Japan, Nigeria, Egypt, the incidence of HIV infection is lower than in other countries of the world. Here, the disease is considered imported and occurs most often in prostitutes and those who use their services. These countries have a low rate of infected, which is from 6 to 16 patients per hundred thousand citizens.

Countries heavily infected with HIV pose a great danger to the population of the Earth. The statistics of such states show that the infection with immunodeficiency is growing every year. This suggests that either the country is not fighting AIDS or the actions taken are not effective. There is a list that includes the most dangerous countries in terms of HIV transmission. The rating below shows the level of danger in them:

SOUTH AFRICA. It has the highest degree of infection of the population with a retrovirus. It is believed that approximately a quarter of the population is affected by immunodeficiency. There are 5.6 million patients with AIDS here. The state has an HIV mortality index of about 1 million people a year, infected - 15% of the total number of citizens.
India. AIDS has affected 2.4 million people here. In the country, the mortality rate from immunodeficiency varies from 1% to 2% per year, the number of HIV-infected people is 10-12% of the population.
Kenya has the lowest rate of HIV (AIDS) in Africa. Statistics speak of 1.5 million patients. The country has a mortality index from a retrovirus - 0.75 million people, 7.5% of the population are infected with this pathogen.
Tanzania, Mozambique. There are 0.99-0.34 million people with AIDS here, depending on the region. These countries have an immunodeficiency mortality index of 0.2-0.5 million citizens per year, 8-12% of the population is infected.
USA, Uganda, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe. There are 1.2 million people with AIDS. These countries have a total HIV mortality index of 0.3-0.4 million people per year, 5% of the population is infected.
Russia. HIV-infected people in Russia amount to 0.98 million people. Mortality from AIDS reaches a level slightly less than 3-4% of all cases. The most HIV-infected city in Russia is Yekaterinburg. It is believed that one in 50 residents of the city is infected with a retrovirus.
Uzbekistan. The infection in Uzbekistan affected 32,743 people. Of these, 57% are men.
Azerbaijan. The number of HIV (AIDS) patients in Azerbaijan is 131 people. Of these, 36 women and 95 men.
United Arab Emirates. Recently, the detection rate of HIV infection among Arabs has increased. According to the latest data, the incidence index is 350-370 thousand per 367 million population.

HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan

According to the latest report, HIV-infected people in Kazakhstan make up 0.01%. At the end of 2016, 22,474 cases of infection were registered. 16,530 people with AIDS have been identified. Among the total number of infected men are 69%, women - 31%. Although the female sex occupies a smaller proportion among those infected, their number is gradually growing. The government is actively involved in the treatment of HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan. The effectiveness of the program is evidenced by:

increasing the number of early detection of patients;

an increase in the number of patients who received antiretroviral therapy;

decrease in the birth rate of infected children.

HIV in the USA

The number of HIV-infected people in the United States is growing every year. The country has a high level of economy, which contributes to the early detection of those infected and the appointment of adequate treatment in the initial stages of the disease. This helps to reduce the aggressiveness of the virus, prolong life and improve its quality.

How many people are HIV positive in the US? To a greater extent in America, immunodeficiency is common among homosexuals. It is believed that there are about 2.6 million carriers of the infection in the United States. But the high level of medical care makes it possible to take good care of such patients, making their life the same as that of healthy people.

How common is HIV in Russia?

AIDS in Russia has not yet won the status of an epidemic, but the growing figures indicate the possibility of a rapid progression of infection among people in the country. HIV infection in Russia is considered one of the most dangerous pathologies, because there is no vaccine for its prevention, and only the self-awareness of citizens can lead to a decrease in the incidence rate.

Where did AIDS come to Russia from? The first confirmed case of immunodeficiency was discovered in Moscow in the family of a seafarer. After a 9-month business trip to hot countries, he was already in his hometown hospitalized with pneumocystis pneumonia, which very often affects infected people due to a decrease in the barrier function of immunity. The examination revealed the human immunodeficiency virus. The man died a few months later, and his family had to move to the other side of the country, change their names so that their ill-wishers would not find them.

Since this period, the level of HIV incidence in Russia has been gradually growing, violating the standard indicators of the health of the population and reducing its efficiency.

How many HIV-infected people are in Russia? At the end of 2016, the quantitative index among those infected with a retrovirus was 0.98 million. This number is considered one of the lowest in the world, while the death rate from AIDS in the Russian Federation is stable at an average level. In the regions of Russia, the situation of HIV incidence is different. This is due to several factors:

Religiosity.
The population of the region.
Economic importance.
The quality of medical equipment and service.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) in Russia? The largest figure in the Ural Federal District. The incidence has the highest numerical indicator among other regions of the country. It is 757.2 infected per 100,000 people.

The Siberian Federal District has an incidence index of 532 infected people per 100,000 citizens. Privolzhsky Federal District - 424 patients for the same population.

Among all the federal districts of the country, the North Caucasian Federal District has the lowest rate, here the level is 58 people per 100,000 population.

The number of AIDS patients in Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District is 172 infected. How many people are ill with HIV (AIDS) in Russia in the North-West region? The incidence index in this district is 407 patients per 100,000 population.

The number of HIV, AIDS-infected people in Russia is progressing towards an increase every year, so only preventive measures can reduce the incidence among citizens of the Russian Federation.

Thanks to the standards of immunodeficiency treatment, the state program for detection and therapeutic assistance, the number of patients with HIV infection (AIDS) in Russia has slightly decreased. The rate of birth of infected children has decreased, which indicates the early detection of a retrovirus in pregnant women and the appointment of correct and effective treatment for them.

Thanks to the simplification of testing for retroviruses and the constant screening of the population, the dynamics of HIV disease in Russia tends to reduce mortality rates. Some facts suggest that the number of carriers of the pathogen is increasing. But on closer examination, it turns out that the number of examined citizens is growing every year, and this leads to an overestimation of the absolute incidence rate.

There is no need to be afraid that there are a million HIV-infected people in Russia. If you adhere to the basics of personal hygiene and prevention methods, the risk of infection approaches zero. You need to know that the best means of protection against retrovirus infection are barrier contraceptives, sterile instruments.

At the beginning of 2017 The total number of HIV infections among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people (in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN ). And according to the calculations of the international organization UNAIDS (UNAIDS), in Russia there are already more than 1,500,700 HIV-infected (!), moreover, according to the calculations of American and Swiss scientists in Russia now (December 2017) resides over 2 million patients with HIV infection ( published in PLOS Medicine).

Of them died for various reasons (not only from AIDS, but from all causes) 243,863 HIV-infected(according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identify and treat HIV patients”) ( 1 million people died in the world in 2016 ). In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

As of 01 July 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in 1st half of 2017 already died 14 631 HIV-infected that 13.6% more than for 6 months of 2016.). Attack rate population of the Russian Federation with HIV infection in 2017 made up 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.

In 2016 It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world ), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

The prevalence of HIV in the countries of the world by the number of HIV-infected people living in them.

64% of all new HIV diagnoses in Europe are in Russia. Every hour 10 new HIV-infected people appear in Russia.

The number of HIV in the CIS countries, the Baltics

*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries calculate equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for some money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there is hardly any enough money to screen the population for HIV. In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected gastro workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is several times higher than in the Russian Federation) /.

HIV growth rates in Russia (according to UNAIDS, the international organization to fight AIDS).

Rapid growth of HIV infection in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

The dynamics of the spread of HIV in the world.

Comparison of the growth of HIV-infected people in the European Region with and without the Russian Federation.

Russia's contribution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the European region.

Behind 1st half of 2017 in Russia revealed 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100,000 population. Most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Behind 9 months 2017 in Russia revealed 65 200 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation, for 11 months 2017- registered 85 thousand new cases of HIV infection, observed exceeding the long-term average for HIV by 43.4%(49,7%000 vs 34.6%000 ).

Video. Incidence in Russia, March - May 2017.

Increasing the rate of growth of new cases HIV infections in 2017 year (but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda Oblast, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016

Growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016 and including 2017 in terms of incidence in the Russian Federation the following regions and cities were in the lead:

Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100,000 population — total 6,217 HIV-infected), including in the city Kemerovo 1 876 HIV-infected. For 10 months of 2017 in the Kemerovo region identified 4,727 new HIV-infected (indicator morbidity - 174.5 per 100 thousand population) ( honorary 1st place)
Irkutsk region (163,6%000 — 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 1,107 new HIV-infected people in 2017. In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were detected in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. for 10 months 2017 - 134.0 per 100 tons ( 3 228 newly diagnosed HIV-infected) Nearly 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV. (honorary 2nd place )
Samara Region (161,5%000 — 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara 1,201 HIV-infected), for 10 months of 2017 - 2,698 people (84,2% 000) . Every hundredth inhabitant of the Samara region is infected with HIV!
Sverdlovsk region (156,9%000 — 6,790 HIV-infected), morbidity for 10 months 2017 - 128.1 per 100 tons, i.e. 5 546 new HIV=-infected. In the city Yekaterinburg, in 2016, 1,372 HIV-infected (94.2% 000 ), for 10 months 2017 years - in the "capital of AIDS" have already identified 1 347 "pluses" (the incidence of HIV infection in 2017 in the city - 92,5% 000 ).
Chelyabinsk region (154,0%000 — 5 394 HIV-infected),
Tyumen region (150,5%000 — 2 224 people), for the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic, 1.1% of the population is infected with HIV. Incidence for 9 months 2017 - 110.2 people per 100 thousand population. ( honorary 3rd place). Z and 10 months of 2017 revealed 1 614 HIV-infected, incl. 5 teenagers.
Tomsk region (138.0% 000 - 1 489 people),
Novosibirsk region(137.1%000 ) areas ( 3 786 pers.), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected. Incidence for 9 months 2017 - 108.3 per 100 tons — 3 010 people infected with HIV (for 10 months of 2017 - 3,345 people) (on 4th place came out).
Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5% 000 - 3 716 people),
Perm Territory (125.1% 000 — 3 294 people). Incidence for 10 months 2017 - 126.2 per 100 tons — 3 322 HIV+, up 13.1% compared to the previous year. ( on 5th place rose)
Altai Territory (114.1% 000 - 2 721 people) the edges,
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people, every 92nd inhabitant is infected),
Orenburg region (117.6% 000 - 2 340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people (32.7% 000).
Omsk region (110.3% 000 - 2 176 people), for 8 months of 2017, 1360 cases were detected, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.
Kurgan region (110.1% 000 - 958 people),
Ulyanovsk region (97.2% 000 - 1 218 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people (25.9% 000).
Tver region (74.0% 000 - 973 people),
Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1% 000 - 2 309 people) area, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people (18.9% 000).
Republic of Crimea (83.0% 000 — 1 943 people),
Khakassia (82.7% 000 - 445 people),
Udmurtia (75.1% 000 - 1 139 people),
Bashkortostan (68.3% 000 - 2 778 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people (16.9% 000).
Moscow (62,2 % 000 — 7 672 people)

% 000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100,000 people.

Table number 1. The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP 15).

Interactive table, sortable. How many HIV-infected people were identified in the most HIV-prone regions of the Russian Federation. What is the incidence in the regions per 100 thousand population.

Region of the Russian Federation	Number of HIV-infected people identified in 2016, people	Incidence of HIV infection (number of HIV cases per 100 population) in 2016
Kemerovo region	6217	228,8
Irkutsk region	3951	163,6
Samara Region	5189	161,5
Sverdlovsk region	6790	156,9
Chelyabinsk region	5394	154,0
Tyumen region	2224	150,5
Tomsk	1489	138,0
Novosibirsk	3786	137,1
Krasnoyarsk	3716	129,5
Permian	3294	125,1
Altaic	2721	114,1
KhMAO	2010	124,7
Orenburg	2340	117,6
Omsk	2176	110,3
Kurgan	958	110,1

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

Subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

Most Significant Growth(speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Region, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Region.

Number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by years (1987-2016).

afflicted HIV infection of the population of Russia as of December 31, 2016 amounted to 594.3 per 100 thousand people Cases of HIV infection registered in all subjects Russian Federation. IN 2017 year affection - 795.3 per 100 thousand of us.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the total population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016

Morbidity, prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.

TO the most affected regions of the Russian Federation relate:

Sverdlovsk region (1,647.9% of 000 people living with HIV were registered per 100,000 people - 71,354 people, including more than 27,131 HIV-infected people registered in the city of Yekaterinburg, i.e. every 50th resident of the city is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. In 2017(as of 01.11.17) already 93,494 people infected with HIV — Approximately 2% of the population of the Sverdlovsk region are infected with HIV, and 2% of pregnant women are HIV-infected women, i.e. every 50th pregnant woman has HIV infection). As of 11/01/2017 in AIDS Capital according to the rapper "Purulent") is already registered 28 478 HIV-positive ( the HIV prevalence of the city's population is 2%!!! ) and this is only official. IN Serov- 1454.2% 000 (1556 people). Infected with HIV - 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov. The Sverdlovsk region ranks first in the number of children born to HIV-infected mothers - 15,000 children.
Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). Total identified HIV-infected at the beginning 2017 of the year— 49 494 people, for the beginning of June 2017 of the year 51,278 people were cumulatively registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. IN the city of Irkutsk more than 31,818 people have been identified for all the time.
Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection have been registered.
Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people), as of November 1, 2017, 50,048 HIV-infected people were detected.
Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people, as of November 1, 2017 - 21,382 people.
Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people), as of 01.11.2017 — more than 48,000 people., incl. Chelyabinsk - 19,000 HIV-infected.
Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) regions. As of May 19, 2017 at city of Novosibirsk more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people have been registered - every 47 resident of Novosibirsk has HIV (!). As of November 1, 2017, 36,334 HIV-infected people were registered in the Novosibirsk Region. The region is in the top ten in Russia, and in terms of the level of HIV infection of the population, it is in fourth place in the country.
Perm Territory (950.1% 000 - 25030 people) - Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are mostly heavily affected by HIV,
St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11728 people),
Republic of Crimea (891.4% 000 - 17000 people),
Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16,275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 823.0% 000.
Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
Moscow (413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Table number 3. Rating of Russian regions by the prevalence of HIV infection among the population (TOP 15).

The number of HIV-infected people identified in the most HIV-prone areas of the Russian Federation in absolute numbers and calculated per 100,000 population of the region represented.

Region	Infection per 100 thousand population, as of 01/01/2017.	The absolute number of all registered HIV-infected people as of 01.01.2017.
Sverdlovsk region	1647,9	71354
Irkutsk region	1636,0	39473
Kemerovo region	1582,5	43000
Samara Region	1476,9	47350
Orenburg region	1217,0	24276
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug	1201,7	19550
Leningrad region	1147,3	20410
Tyumen region	1085,4	19768
Chelyabinsk region	1079,6	37794
Novosibirsk region	1021,9	28227
Perm region	950,1	25030
Ulyanovsk region	932,5	11728
Republic of Crimea	891,4	17000
Altai region	852,8	20268
Krasnoyarsk region	836,4	23970

Age structure

Most high level prevalence of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age, already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV, the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has changed radically. In 2000, 87% of patients were diagnosed with HIV before the age of 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed HIV infections in 2000, as a result of an annual decrease in 2016, this group was only 1.2%.

Diagram. Age and sex of HIV-infected people.

In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years old (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly detected cases was also observed in older age groups, cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

“0.6% of all Russians live with an HIV diagnosis. But Russians aged 30-39 are especially affected by HIV - among them, HIV is diagnosed in 2%. For men, this percentage is higher. With age, the risks of contracting HIV accumulate, and people continue to age with the virus in their blood. 87% of HIV-positive people are economically active, which is explained by their young age, among them there is a disproportionately large proportion of Russians with secondary specialized education – this is the working class, without which the future of the country will become foggy.” (V. Pokrovsky)

It should be noted that when low testing coverage of adolescents and youth, more than 1100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data the largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases in girls, 61% in boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients”. The highest annual mortality was registered in Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Mordovia, Kemerovo Region, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ulyanovsk Region, Republic of Adygea, Tambov Region, Chukotka Autonomous Region, Chuvash Republic, Samara Region, Primorsky Territory, Tula Region, Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan Region.

According to Rosstat 18,575 people died from HIV infection (AIDS) in 2016. (in 2015 - 15,520 people, in 2014 - 12,540 people), i.e. The number of deaths from AIDS is on the rise.

The HIV mortality index (number of deaths per 1,000 population) has grown 10 times since 2005!

“Among women in their 20s and 30s, who shouldn’t die at all, more than 20% of deaths are related to HIV. is growing in the world. The death of young people from AIDS is the result of poorly organized medical care.” (V. Pokrovsky)

For 6 months of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people died, i.e. Approximately 80 people diagnosed with HIV die every day. This is 13.6% higher than in the same period in 2016. Perhaps this is due to the interruptions in the supply of medicines for the treatment of HIV-infected people, because only one third of HIV-infected people received antiretroviral therapy in 2017 (32.9% - 298,888). Especially many died in the regions most disadvantaged in the treatment of HIV infection: Kemerovo, Samara and Irkutsk.

Treatment coverage

At the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor.

Video. Shortage of medicines for HIV-infected people. V. Pokrovsky.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in places of deprivation of liberty. IN 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298 888 patients, about 100,000 new patients were added for therapy in 2017 (there will most likely not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was according to the figures of 2016). Treatment coverage in the Russian Federation in 2016 was 32.8% of the number of registered people diagnosed with HIV infection (the worst indicator in the world); among those on dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.

“The World Health Organization (WHO) has been recommending life-long treatment for all HIV-positive people for five years now, but the Ministry of Health still provides only 300,000, that is, 46% of the 650,000 “registered by the Ministry of Health”, or 33% of 900,000. still alive, registered by Rospotrebnadzor. The reason is that there is not enough money for HIV/AIDS treatment in the state budget. In order to increase treatment coverage, the Ministry of Health is trying to reduce the cost of treatment by lowering purchase prices, which partially compensates for the shortage, but worsens the quality of treatment, as cheaper copies of drugs (generics) are purchased, which are obsolete by status. Russians should take 10-12 tablets a day, while Europeans only need one. It is clear that because of this trouble, 20% of those who started treatment stop it. And this is another reason for the increase in mortality.” (V. Pokrovsky)

The achieved treatment coverage does not fulfill the role of a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing, the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there were tested for HIV 30 752 828 blood samples from Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples from foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples of Russian citizens compared to 2015 increased by 8.5%, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive results in the immunoblot in Russians over the entire history of observation was revealed - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, therefore it differs significantly from the number of newly registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up an insignificant part of those tested for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but among these groups 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were detected. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% of HIV-positive people were detected for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, STI patients - 0.7%.

In the first half of 2017, the number of people tested for HIV did not increase much, only by 8.1% compared to the first half of 2016. This is minuscule, so it’s sad to hear when the main reason for the increase in HIV growth is the increase in the number of people tested, all much more serious and deeper.

Transmission path structure

In 2016 significantly the role HIV infection, in 2017 this trend only strengthened, moreover, the sexual route overtook the drug route: in the first half of 2017, the share of the sexual route of HIV infection was 52.2% (including 1.9% through homosexual transmission, the HIV epidemic among homosexuals flares up once again), through the use of injecting drugs - 46.6%. According to preliminary data, among those newly identified in 2016 HIV-positive with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected with non-sterile instruments, 48.7% - with heterosexual contacts, 1.5% - with homosexual contacts, 0.45% - made up. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: in 2016, 59 such children were registered, in 2015 - 47, 2014 - 41 children.

“The root of all problems is the rapid increase in the number of new cases due to the transition of the HIV epidemic to sexual transmission. Of the 100,000 new cases in 2016, half were sexual contacts between men and women, just under half were drug use, and only 1-2% were homosexual contacts between men. Dozens of cases of HIV infection in medical institutions should be attributed to the Ministry of Health, which should control the safety of medical manipulations.” (V. Pokrovsky)

In 2016, 16 cases were registered with suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases when transfusing blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries. For 10 months of 2017 12 cases were registered with suspected HIV infection while providing medical care. Also, 12 cases of HIV infection were registered in places of detention when using non-sterile instruments for non-medical purposes.

Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by means of infection.

conclusions

In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation of HIV infection continued to deteriorate and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resurgence of the global HIV epidemic , which, according to the UN in July 2016, began to decline.
Saved high incidence of HIV infection , the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people is increasing, the number of deaths from AIDS is increasing every year, the epidemic has intensified the exit of the epidemic from vulnerable groups of the population into the general population.
While maintaining the current pace of the spread of HIV infection and the lack of adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread the forecast for the development of the situation remains unfavorable .
Radical actions of the Government of Russia are required to stop trafficking, distribution of drugs and, the most difficult thing, to change the sexual behavior of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation (clamps are wonderful, but the number of people practicing abstinence and practicing with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is one and it is impossible to change, p .e development with minimal side effects is required (drank a pill and do what you want)).

VIDEO. V.V. Pokrovsky on the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV / AIDS

The material was prepared on the basis of a certificate from the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor and other official sources.

PS: I hope that is clear, to get an idea of the real scale of the HIV epidemic, you need to multiply the official figures by 5-10, because. this is just the tip of the iceberg.

Sincerely, Dr.

AIDS is a disease that destroys a person's immune system, leaving the body prone to fatal diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and other viral infections. This disease occurs mainly in countries with a large percentage of the drug-addicted population, where injection tools (syringes and needles) are used, which can be infected with the virus. Do not forget also about unprotected sex, which is one of the main ways of spreading AIDS. Now new types of vaccines and drugs are being developed for this disease, but scientists have not yet been able to find a way to stop it. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the list of countries in which the most AIDS patients live.

1. South Africa

South Africa is the country with the highest number of HIV-infected patients. 5 million 600 thousand patients have a positive status here, which is a very alarming situation. Such figures mean that 12% of the entire South African population suffers from this problem. It is estimated that 310,000 people die every year due to the disease. The country is trying to do its best to manage the disease, but this requires more information campaigns among the population.

2. Botswana

In this country, the first case of HIV infection was registered in 1985. Nevertheless, Botswana was the second country in the world in terms of the number of people with AIDS. According to WHO estimates, about 320 thousand people are now infected. The disease greatly affects the process of development of the nation, and the death rate is increasing at an alarming rate. Obviously, the government needs to take effective measures to combat the disease.

3. India

India is the third country in the world in terms of the number of HIV-infected residents. According to statistics, 2 million 400 thousand people are infected here. The problem is exacerbated by the poverty of local residents, since a huge number of people do not have the opportunity to seek medical help. The southeastern and northeastern provinces are most affected by AIDS. India really needs educational programs to raise the level of public knowledge about this issue.

4. Kenya

In Kenya, 1 million 500 thousand people are HIV-infected. Public health has improved over the past few years and HIV prevalence has declined, but the government still has a long way to go to stop the disease.

5. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is the world's fifth most AIDS-infected country, with an HIV prevalence of around 14.9%. The situation in the country has improved due to awareness campaigns launched by the government. In addition, in 2003 the rate of the so-called "brain drain" in the country was 22.1%. After 14 years, professional health care in Zimbabwe has improved, and the picture of the spread of AIDS confirms this.

6. USA

Are you surprised? As you can see, AIDS is a catastrophe not only in third world countries. The United States is in sixth place in terms of the number of people infected with AIDS. It is assumed that HIV was brought to the United States by immigrants in the 1960s. The eastern and southern states were found to be more infested than other coastal areas. According to the latest data, 1,148,200 American citizens are infected with HIV.

7. Democratic Republic of the Congo

About 1 million 100 thousand people in the Congo suffer from AIDS. This country was the first in Africa to be affected by the deadly disease. Unprotected intercourse is reported to be the leading cause of disease transmission.

8. Mozambique

A total of 11.3% of Mozambican citizens are infected with AIDS. The nation is facing serious rates of the spread of HIV infection.

9. Tanzania

In total, about 1,400,000 people in Tanzania are HIV positive. Statistics show that women (60%) suffer from this disease more often than men. 86,000 people die of the disease each year.

10. Malawi

10% of the population of Malawi have the status of HIV-positive patients. Every year 68,000 people die here from AIDS. Previously, the Malawian government was not very active in the fight against this disease, but over time it has become more interested in controlling this epidemic, and today the situation in the country is improving.