In modern society, a person’s creativity and his ability to think creatively are highly valued by others. After all, such people know how to find a non-standard way out of situations, generate hundreds of ideas and can implement them.
The ability to think creatively makes a person successful, entrepreneurial, and allows him to make good money from his ideas.
How to achieve this level of development of creative thinking? Many people believe that creativity cannot be taught, that it is an innate ability. But this is not entirely true, creative thinking exists in each of us at different stages, but some continue to develop it, while others leave everything at its natural beginning. Therefore, let me offer you ways to develop creative thinking.
Puzzles
Solving various puzzles is a great way to stimulate creative thinking. These are not just problems that have special formulas for solutions; puzzles require the inclusion of a person’s mental potential. The difference between puzzles and tasks is mental work; solving problems requires knowledge; solving puzzles requires thinking. As a rule, problems have no practical use in life, while puzzles teach us to look for non-standard ways to solve a problem, thereby developing our creative thinking. One
One of the most popular types of puzzles are “match puzzles”.
A figure or a mathematical example is laid out from matches, and by rearranging several matches you need to get the final result. For example, when 8+6=9+6? For the second six we remove one match and get 8+6=9+5, which is the correct result. Its meaning is as follows: people of different nationalities live in five houses, their houses are painted in different colors, each of the people smokes a certain type of cigarette, each has one pet and each drinks his own favorite drink. After this, hints are given to determine who is raising the fish.
Albert himself believed that only two percent of people could solve this problem in their heads, and the rest only with paper and pen.
The task actually becomes much easier when solving it in the form of a table, but nevertheless requires concentration and increased attention.
The Rubik's cube or "magic cube" is one of the most famous mechanical puzzles. Externally, it is a plastic cube consisting of fifty-four small squares that can rotate in three axes. The essence of the puzzle is to assemble the cube so that all faces are the same color. Exercises
for the development of non-standard thinking
Several teams usually gather for such exercises so that the spirit of competition stimulates the brain. Teams are given unusual situations that require them to engage in creative thinking. For example, a parable about an elephant and an ant who tried to eat each other: first the elephant swallowed the ant, then the ant swallowed the elephant, and so on. The question is, what is the net result of such a relationship? Simply put, who swallowed whom. Moreover, it is necessary to give a specific answer.
For a person with standard thinking, this task at least seems stupid, like how can an ant swallow an elephant? But if you abstract from external factors and think about it, it turns out that if an elephant swallows an ant, it will digest it. An ant, having swallowed an elephant, will stretch to unrecognizable sizes and become, in fact, just a shell of an elephant. Did your brain calmly accept this information? This means your thinking can overcome boundaries and look for a solution to a specific problem.
Associations
A good way to develop creative thinking is to search for associations. For example, open any book, close your eyes and point your finger at two words. After that, take a pen and a blank sheet of paper to write down your thoughts. Write down all the associations that come to mind. Compare words, look for points of contact, analyze. You can even come up with a reason for the connection between these two words, just let your imagination run wild.
Remember: Creativity is about putting things together. A person does not discover something new, he reproduces his experience, his vision of the environment.
Drawings
With the help of creativity, a person actively promotes his thinking. Draw more, put on paper what you see and feel.
There is also an exercise for this, for which you need to draw six crosses horizontally and vertically. After this, you need to turn the crosses into sketches, the more interesting and unusual they are, the better.
There are many tests that explain the meaning of drawings; try analyzing your creation. What does your subconscious want to say? After all, knowing yourself is also the development of thinking, a non-standard understanding of things.
Burime
From French, “burime” is translated as a poem with given rhymes. That is, a person is given a rhyme that cannot be rearranged or changed. It is necessary to connect it with meaningful text. For example, “winter-at home.” You can come up with the following couplet:
Winter has come again
The houses were covered with snow. Such poems develop creative thinking well and make you think about a bunch of rhymes.
Sometimes, to make the task more difficult, several rhymes are given and time is limited.
Brainstorming and synectics
Working in a group is always a serious impetus for creative development, especially when working on one problem. To do this, in many companies, employees often gather to “brainstorm” in order to put forward as many ideas as possible for solving the issue.
Of the many proposals, one will definitely turn out to be suitable, and thus the problem will be solved.
Our brain is designed in such a way that solutions to certain issues come to our minds when we are watching TV, driving in a car, or trying to fall asleep. Therefore, always keep a notepad with a pen nearby, where you can record all your ideas.
When you watch the movie, drive home, or wake up, you can calmly analyze the ideas you wrote down in time and therefore not forgotten.
Tip: Buy a separate notebook for your thoughts, as individual pieces of paper can be lost, but excellent solutions to important problems may remain on them. !
The development of creative thinking is a fascinating and long process; regular training will allow your ideas to be born more and more often. Developed thinking will help you achieve success in any specialty; such employees are highly valued by their superiors and quickly move up the career ladder. Don't stand still, thoughts come to thinking people Creativity
- these are the creative abilities of the individual, allowing you to create and implement fundamentally new ideas.
The creative component is present in every person from birth. Look how relaxed children are in any creative activity. Unfortunately, most of us lose creative freedom under the influence of our upbringing and social environment.
Right now we want to offer some practical exercises that will help make your mind sharper and more flexible, as well as develop your creativity and will further improve your creative thinking.
Exercise No. 1: “Two random words” To introduce this exercise, let's quote Steve Jobs:
“Creativity is simply making connections between things. When creative people are asked how they did something, they feel a little guilty because they didn't actually do anything, but just noticed it. This becomes clear to them over time. They were able to connect different pieces of their experience and synthesize something new. This happens because they have experienced and seen more than others, or because they think about it more.”
Now pick up a thick book or a dictionary. Open it to any page and, without looking, poke it with your finger. Write down the first word you choose. Repeat the action again and choose the second word.
Then try to find something in common between these two words, compare them, analyze, compare, look for relationships. Come up with a story that would connect these two concepts, even the most incredible story.
Look around you. What object caught your eye? Let's say for a voice recorder that lies on the table. Now take paper and pen and write down 5 adjectives that best describe the subject you have chosen.
For example, in our case: Dictaphone…
- stylish;
- functional;
- comfortable;
- easy;
- white.
Happened? Let's continue. Write 5 more adjectives that are absolutely unsuitable for the subject you have chosen. This will be a little more difficult to do: Dictaphone…
- emerald;
- winter;
- fried;
- calico;
- wrinkled.
This is what came to our minds. Delve into your feelings and perceptions of the world around you and find the necessary definitions. Put in a little more effort and everything will work out, the main thing is don’t leave the task unfinished. Sit and reflect.
Exercise #3: “Mad Architect”
How do you feel about trying on the role of an architect and designing, for example, your own country house? Even if you don’t know how to draw at all and remember with horror your school drawing lessons. Believe me, there is nothing scary here. Drawing and sketching skills are not important here. The main thing is the process itself. Were we able to convince you? Great, let's start then.
First, write down any 10 nouns on a piece of paper. Orange, vase, lawn, water, tomato– everything that comes to mind. Imagine that these 10 words are 10 mandatory conditions of the customer for whom you are designing a house.
For example, "orange"– paint the walls of the country house orange, "water"– let there be a pond with a waterfall or a small fountain in front of the house, "tomato"– these are red fish in a pond or polka dot curtains on the windows, etc. Just give free rein to your imagination, turn on your creativity. Draw and imagine what it might look like in real life.
Exercise No. 4: “Hour of Silence”
Don’t be alarmed, you won’t have to put water in your mouth and be silent. As the name of the exercise suggests, you will devote only one hour to this task, but at the same time you should not break away from your usual activities and normal daily routine.
During this time, answer people only general questions using "Yes", "No" And "Don't know". Behave naturally so that no one around you suspects anything strange. No one should get the impression that you are not yourself, are sick, or got up on the wrong foot in the morning. Try it, we are sure you will like it.
Exercise No. 5: “Creativity Test”
Believe in yourself and throw away all doubts. Take a sheet of A4 paper and draw the following crosses: 6 in height and 9 in length:
Now we tune in to the creative wave, take a deep breath and exhale slowly. We take a pen and start turning crosses into pictures and small sketches, for example, like this:
Are you done? Now look at what happened and choose the most successful ones, there will probably be some.
The original task may look different, for example like this:
Generate thoughts, don’t stop there. The more you train your brain, develop your imagination and creativity, the more interesting ideas and solutions will come to you.
Be creative! A phrase from the movie “99 Francs” comes to mind: “ Creativity is not a craft where you have to justify your salary; This is a craft where your salary justifies you. And the career of a creator is as ephemeral as the career of a television program director.”.
No one from birth knows how to hold a brush in their hands, no one is taken from the cradle by the main ballet dancer. To become a brilliant artist, creator, writer, you need to study and practice. And preferably every day. There are no exercises in the book “How to Become a Brilliant Artist Without a Drop of Talent,” but if you carefully read and follow the steps of Leonid Tishkov, as a personal teacher, you can develop many of your own talents. Try these 15 exercises and see for yourself how your genius will grow every day.
“The biggest misconception is that you and I have no talent. It exists, you just need to find your unique “I” and immediately begin to cultivate your talent, immediately, now, step by step, without interruption, work on your talent.”
Leonid Tishkov
Where does this extraordinary view of the world come from? It grows like a flower, entangling the stomach from the inside. It consists of the artist's empathy for what he sees, with an intuitive feeling for an object or event. And then, when he transfers what he has seen with his inner eye onto canvas, paper, embodies it in clay or an object, we see it too. Moreover, we no longer need to seriously turn into an artist “to the point of complete destruction”; it is enough just to catch the wave by tuning our spiritual tuning forks to his art.
Try to look at the world through Van Gogh's eyes.
Many paintings by artists show us this view of their creators. We must try to unravel this look. Look more at paintings, drawings, go to exhibitions and museums. If you love it - to look - then you somehow merge with the flow of art and put yourself in the place of the artist who created his picture, and if you like it, then you gradually begin to understand how it was made.
Ordinary things seem ordinary to an ordinary person. He looks at the moon: “Well, here is the moon...” The moon illuminates the earth, which means the path is brighter, now I will walk and not slip... And another person - a poet, for example, Matsuo Basho - he looks at the moon, and a poem appears in his mind :
There's such a moon in the sky,
Like a tree cut down to the roots:
The fresh cut turns white.
We can also perceive not only the moon, but also an apple, a mug, a plaster nose. The first thing a creative person must learn is to look. On things. To the world around him. Look around, choose an object and write a haiku about it - a short tercet.
Illustration from the book
3. Start noticing and sketching little things.
To develop talents, you don’t need to take on titanic work and a meter by meter painting. You can start small. Sketch the mug on your desk. Or a pen or your own ring finger. Pay attention to the details of the world around you, take a pencil and sketch a grasshopper that accidentally jumped on your leg. How are the joints of his strong springy legs arranged? This will be clear to the inquisitive eye of the artist.
The main thing is don’t stop, don’t break the line. The line will come to life and help you.
A blank sheet is a window to another dimension. You dip your brush into the ink and place a dot in the very center of the sheet. And immediately the creation of the universe begins, and with it the countdown of time, matter, life, light. Everything arises with a dot, a relationship between black and white begins: a black dot on a white sheet is already a drawing.
“The black dot is a clear sign. But if next to this point I put a second, then a third, then confusion arises,” says Henri Matisse
If you are going to become an artist, no matter how funny it sounds, you must first put an end to it! Let's start with something simple. Place black dots with a pen or brush on the clean surface of a sheet of paper. Looking at a dot, we can experience emotional excitement, imagining the loneliness of this dot on a white sheet of paper. Then we begin to fantasize: move this point or increase the number of points, thereby creating even more rich life and drama in the picture. They can dance, they gather into constellations. And here in front of us is the starry sky.
Try creating a drawing that consists only of dots. -
5. Draw music
Turn on the music and draw sounds on a large piece of paper. The brush should lie freely in your hand. Improvise! This is how Leonid Tishkov describes his experience of drawing music:
“One day, while listening to the songs of a Georgian choir, I decided to draw a line of sound, a line of singing. So intricately, shimmering, the voices of Georgians sounded endlessly, sitting somewhere on long benches under the blue mountains. I thought about the old Warsaw master, took his brush, dipped it in mascara and began! In ten hours, under a hundred Georgian songs, I painted almost a hundred sheets of paper, folded them together, wrapped them in a cover and called it the book “Caucasus”. And everyone who saw her clearly heard the quiet songs that I listened to when I drew these lines.”
By practicing calligraphy, creating an image of each letter, we comprehend the soul of the letter, immerse ourselves in its structure and outlines, tame it, gain trust in it and gradually notice that letters are born in our hand not just as a reflection of some sound, but as symbols containing a high meaning.
Choose a font you like and hand-draw each letter. Better yet, come up with your own.
Kafka font. Illustration from the book “About Font”.
7. Unravel the history of the item
You need to feel the life of the object. If you draw a broom and a dustpan, imagine that these are two fairy-tale creatures, as in the fairy tale about the Straw, the Bubble and the Lapot. A broom is not just a broom, but steppe grasses; they once grew, swaying in the wind. Every thing carries a story. You don’t just have to know this story, you have to feel it. Because just drawing “it looks like” is not enough.
The whole world can be conveyed through a small object, through a small thing.
How to depict an object? You don't need to rush out and draw it right away. You need to take it in your hand if possible. Feel what you want? Draw an object? Make up a story for him? Maybe make a copy of this item? Learn something? Or go somewhere? Observe what creativity awakens in you.
A cartoonist is a clown who draws. Leonid Tishkov has this picture: after a performance, a tired clown sits in the dressing room. He took off his cap and shoes, and it turned out that his head was as long, elongated and cone-shaped as the cap itself, and his legs were as huge as clown shoes. Only he hasn’t taken off his round red nose yet, so we don’t know what kind of nose he really has.
Another Russian cartoonist Vasily Dubov did not just draw funny pictures, he lived life together with his absurd heroes. Station, snow is falling, a train is approaching, a woman in a long dress and a hat with a veil is standing on the platform. ...And from the loudspeaker comes:
Anna Karenina, move away from the edge of the platform!
Draw a caricature on some topic that worries you.
9. Imagine an absurd plot
Develop your imagination by coming up with fantastic stories. Here's an example from the book:
Who doesn't know that the octopus lives in water? What if this octopus came onto land and settled in the old captain’s house? And he loved him so much that when he got sick, he began to go to the bakery and the pharmacy and look after him, like any kind, sympathetic octopus.
Take something real and create an unreal story with that character or object.
Think about what kind of monument you would like to erect? And in what place? Leonid Tishkov mentions in the book a monument that was erected on Pushkinskaya Embankment in Gorky Park in 2016. "Lighthouse Diver" - an unusual art object, is the world's first lighthouse, which is a statue of a diver.
What kind of monument would you like to create? Think over the concept of your art object, what will be its meaning, where will it be installed? Draw a sketch.
11. Draw big
Take an old roll of wallpaper, roll it out in a room or hallway and paint with a large brush, sparing no paint. Give vent to your emotions. Involve children in this activity. And then fold it up like an accordion and call it a family art album.
Everyone has a favorite book - fiction or non-fiction. Feel like an illustrator - draw your own version of the cover.
“When illustrating Beckett, Ionesco, Zamyatin, Ilf and Petrov, each time I came up with my own myth, adjacent to the writer’s plot, like a parallel dimension. Naturally, one fine day my worlds gained independence and, like rainbow bubbles, flew above the earth and took on a life of their own.”
Leonid Tishkov
Spread of the book "The Hunting of the Snark". Illustration from the book
13. Go to an exhibition
An exhibition of paintings or art objects, sculptures and even books is suitable. This is what it means to love painting and go to exhibitions. Admiring the paintings of Francisco Goya, we become Goya for a while. Let it be Vincent Van Gogh for a moment! Contemplating the paintings of artists, we become more multifaceted.
Painting, sculpture, architecture, beautiful buildings, music and literature - we need it.
How many worlds are there on Earth? As many as there are people. Because everyone creates their own world. How does this happen? Sit in silence, close your eyes, look at yourself for who you really are. The sage Zhuang Tzu said: “I call the perfection of vision not the vision of others, but of myself.”
What can you see there? What do you hear? For a fraction of a moment you will feel silence. And then ideas will begin to appear in your head.
Illustration from the book
Get creative with the junk that has been accumulating in your apartment for years. If you can't just throw away old things. Create an art object from them. For example, make a picture of buttons by simply gluing them onto a canvas. Knit an art spacesuit rug from old clothes cut into strips.
Leonid Tishkov and his knitted spacesuit “Vyazanik”.
Our life is a work of art. Even if we don't write or draw, we still create.
Thich Nhat Hanh
What does the experience of an artist teach us? First, draw if you want to draw! If this is your way of expressing what worries you. Secondly, depict your life, tell it with line, color, remember details, try to convey the entire “theater of your memory.” Third - if you don’t have an album and brushes, take a simple notebook, a set of children’s pencils, a ballpoint pen, and finally, you’re on your way.
The fashionable word these days is creativity, or, more simply, creative abilities, which contain many qualities and skills. And unconventional thinking, and creative courage, and a sense of humor, and talented ease. Oh, what a delicious cocktail! I wonder if creativity is an innate talent or if it can somehow be developed in children of preschool and school age? I think it's possible! This is exactly what we will do now.
Several exercises to develop creativity
"Architect"
Let's imagine that we, architects, have been given the task of creating a house project. We write any few words on a piece of paper - these will be the client’s wishes, each of which should be reflected in the project. For example: milk, mouse, mirror, ball. Perhaps the door to our castle will be in the form of a mouse hole, in the courtyard there will be a fountain in the form of a jug of “milk” - colored water, furniture will be in the form of balls, and the roof will be mirrored! All that remains is to draw our imagination in detail. Madness? Certainly! That’s the point: let yourself go – the freer the better!
"Two Pictures"
However, there can be three, four, or even ten pictures. The only thing left to do is to find some connection between them and be able to explain it. You can play these games: stick various pictures on the cards, all the cards (there should be quite a lot of them) are distributed to the players, and one is placed on the table. Players take turns placing one picture at a time, like in dominoes - one to one. One condition is that neighboring pictures must be associatively connected with each other. The child must be able to explain his choice. For example: I will put a bucket next to the apple, because apples can be put there. Or: I will put a picture of the fortress on the bus ticket, because we went on an excursion to the fortress by bus. And so on.
"Blots and Spots"
The most exciting game is to search for scenes and pictures anywhere: in the clouds, in puddles, cracks in the asphalt, blots and even in the outline of pancakes! You can create blots and spots yourself. But you can complicate the task a little: what would an artist see in this blot? What about the fireman?
"10 words"
We take any subject and come up with 10 suitable definitions for it. And now, on the contrary, the 10 most inappropriate ones. And now 10 adjectives that characterize him and begin with the letters “K”, “A” and “M”.
"Titles"
We imagine ourselves as the editors-in-chief of a large newspaper and come up with names for everything: objects, situations, actions, events, as if it were material for the front page of our publication. Let these names be different in style and mood.
“What can you come up with from this?”
We take any object, say a paperclip, and offer options for non-standard ways of using it. Hook for a Christmas tree toy? Chain link? Bookmark? Not a bad start. By the way, it can be bent if necessary and even cut into pieces if necessary! The more different options you get, the better.
“How to get out of the situation?”
Let’s imagine a real-life situation: suddenly a shoe breaks while walking. What to do? There is no shoe repair shop nearby! Go barefoot? Option! Nail the sole with small nails? That's possible too. Glue it on chewing gum, wrap it in a handkerchief, tear off the sole completely - all options are good and suitable. Now you can come up with some other situation.
"Make me a camera"
Let's look around and think, from what, from what available material can such a toy be made? From a cream box, or maybe from a large mug? This game can be played the other way around: what does, for example, a tennis ball look like? For a Christmas tree decoration and a powder compact, for a yellow chicken and a ball of thread - you can go on for a long time.
Creative well-being to everyone, and may your creativity manifest itself in all areas of life!
Exercises to develop creative thinking,
Memory, intelligence and intelligence
This book contains many of the latest tests that will help you develop your intelligence. A wide variety of puzzles and tests cover such areas of intelligence as creative thinking, logical thinking, intelligence and memory. Here you will find hints as well as answers to tasks.
Introduction
A little about the human brain
Creative thinking
Memory Puzzles Intelligence
Intelligence testing
Hints
Introduction
The brain is the most important and valuable human organ. With the help of the brain, the perception of the surrounding world is carried out; the brain stores memories; The brain shapes our speech, skills, thoughts, feelings, and at the same time, it is this part of our body that we are probably most prone to neglect.
This intricate network of nerves and nerve endings, an organ that has evolved over hundreds of years, somehow manages all the systems of our body, while at the same time processing a powerful flow of new information and acquiring new skills.
Many people take their brains for granted. They quite sincerely believe that mental abilities are given from birth and that nothing can be done to improve them. This book aims to clearly demonstrate that this is not the case and that your mental potential can be significantly increased and your brain can be used to its fullest.
Gymnasts, for example, hone their skills through constant training. We present exercises for the mind, by doing which you can train your brain in the same way as muscles are trained.
We did not intend to write a textbook about the structure of the brain and its work, but sometimes it is very important to understand how the brain works. Therefore, we devoted several pages to its structure in the second chapter.
"A little about the human brain." In the rest of the book you will find a large number of entertaining problems and exercises in all the main areas of mental activity: creative thinking, memory, logical thinking, quick wit and intelligence. The exercises are selected and presented so that the exercises bring you pleasure.
By exploring new areas, being interested in the unknown, and engaging in self-education, you can expand
horizons of your mind. We hope that this book will become a starting point on this path.
Creative thinking
The concept of “creative thinking” covers thought processes that lead to solutions, the creation of unusual and original ideas, generalizations, theories, and artistic forms.
For many of us, creativity remains undeveloped throughout our lives; we cannot know what exactly we are capable of until we try our best. We all have creativity
(right) hemisphere of the brain, and therefore we are all capable of creativity. Of course, someone is born with the makings of a great composer, someone - an artist, and someone - an athlete. Yes, young Mozart
started writing music when he was four years old. But Anna Marie Robertson (1860-1961), also called Granny Moses, was a self-taught American artist who spent most of her life as a farmer's wife. Only when she was already over seventy did she suddenly begin to paint rural landscapes for her own pleasure. By the time she was eighty years old, her first author's exhibition had opened at the Saint-Etienne Gallery in New York, and her career as an artist had opened up for her. In this case, the old adage “you never know what you can do until you try” turned out to be truer than ever.
Educators and teachers are faced with the task of revealing and supporting the creative abilities of all young people. However, this is not always possible. Often, in our age of narrow specialization, one person’s talent is directed towards a specific professional activity, and all other hidden talents of youth fade away without being developed. However, each of us, through new leisure activities or new hobbies, can use the potential of our brain, which is often very little used.
Many of us are quite well “equipped” to realize this potential: after all, our brains have received and processed a huge amount of information during our lives. In music, for example, there is improvisation - the art of creating a work directly in the process of its performance. To learn how to improvise, a musician must first master the basics of the style in which he plans to play. Having mastered the generally accepted norms of style, the musician, as it were, accumulates
head a library of effective chord progressions and melodies, which become the starting point for improvisation. These memory reserves link his music with cultural heritage, but he always has the opportunity for spontaneous creativity.
CREATIVE THINKING TEST
1. Study this series of figures, find a pattern and continue this series in accordance with the pattern found. You have 30 minutes to solve ten problems.
For example:
Answer:
Explanation: Four circles and two squares are divided into four parts. The black sector in each shape moves one segment clockwise.
This challenge will test your imagination and the dominant side of your brain.
2. Take matches and nine coins. Use matches to make four pens for piglets on the table. Coins
Your piglets. Place the piglets in the pens so that each pen contains an odd number of piglets.
3. This is an imagination task. There is such a game: the players are told some incomprehensible situation, and they need to find out from the host what is happening. You can ask questions to which the presenter answers “yes”, “no” or, in extreme cases, “no answer”.
We present several such mysterious situations. Use your imagination and find explanations for how similar situations could happen. At the end of the book you will find our explanations. However, our answers do not have to coincide with yours. The more answers you can come up with for each situation, the better.
(1). London. A man sits in a restaurant and reads a newspaper he has just bought. In the latest news section he reads: “On a ship cruising the Caribbean, one of the passengers fell overboard and died.” He immediately realizes that a murder has occurred.
(2). A dead man lies next to the cactus. A piece of paper is pinned to the cactus.
(3). A man is driving in a car along an empty road. Suddenly the car loses control and crashes into a lamppost. Hearing the sound of the accident, people immediately come running and find the driver lying dead on the steering wheel with a crossbow arrow in his back.
(4). A man lies in bed in a hotel room. He can't sleep. He picks up the phone, dials the number without saying anything, hangs up and immediately falls asleep.
(5). A man walks along the road and a pebble gets into his sandal; he stops and, leaning against a post, tries to shake it out. At the same time, his head is lowered down. Suddenly another person
rushes towards him, pushes him as hard as he can, and breaks his arm.
4. A rebus is a way to encrypt a word in the form of a picture. Rebus is a Latin word that literally means “through objects.” You can encrypt a word or an entire phrase as a picture.
Here are four sample puzzles. To solve such riddles, you cannot do without creative thinking.
1. Bear (that is, Honey in E d)
2. Incorrect behavior (venidepoe is an anagram of the word "behavior")
3. Bone
4. Short vowel (glas. - short form of vowel)
In this task we do not give you any time limits. Our goal is to test creative thinking. If you can’t solve some puzzles, come back to them later and look at them again with fresh eyes. Very often the answer comes naturally because your brain subconsciously continues to work on the task even when you are busy with something else.
5. Here you have to give an interpretation of the pictures below. The more surprising your explanation, the better. Suggest this game to your friends too. You can make the most incredible assumptions - they will be the most creative. For example, the first thing that comes to mind when looking at picture number one is a tile roof. Or...? Use your imagination and see what comes of it (20 drawings).
6. The following task is based on a test for abstract thinking. The subject is asked to come up with a way to use some household item in a completely new, unknown capacity.
In ten minutes, come up with twelve new ways to use your comb.
Please strictly adhere to the time limits, otherwise your score may be considered invalid.
1 ....................
2...................
3....................
4..................
5....................
6....................
7....................
8....................
9....................
10...................
11....................
12...................
7. We come across symmetrical patterns every day, both in nature and in everyday life - they can be seen on wallpaper or on tiles.
For our experiment, we created a symmetrical pattern based on hexagons.
Look at it carefully and fill in the gaps in it so as to restore our pattern.
8. Call on your imagination to help and complete each next drawing so that something recognizable comes out.
You are given twenty minutes to complete this task.
9. One farmer has 11 trees (T) growing on his plot of land. He has 22 cows and needs to divide his land into 11 separate paddocks so that each pen can accommodate 2 cows and they each have one tree for protection from the sun. How can he divide his land using as few fences as possible, and so that there is one tree in each paddock?
10. Make four cuts of the same length and divide this figure into 9 parts so that you can then fold 4 identical squares from them.
This is a rather difficult task - a hint is given on page 106.
11. We bring to your attention a well-known paradox, the main purpose of which is to stimulate creative thinking and learn to think philosophically. So, let's say that next week I retire and I should be given a gift on this occasion. But I don’t know what day of the week it will be given to me, and that’s where the surprise lies. I only know that I should be given a gift, but I don’t know on what day this will happen: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday.
It's worth thinking about this: can this gift even be given to me, given that it is supposed to be a surprise? I know they won't give it to me on Friday. Friday is the last day on which you can make this gift. Therefore, there will be no surprise then. So, the gift can be given to me on Thursday. But then Thursday becomes the last day when they can surprise me, therefore, on this day the gift will not be a surprise for me and, therefore, they will not give it to me on this day. If we logically reason in the same way further, then not a single day of the week, including Monday, is suitable. And then it remains to come to the conclusion that they will never give me a gift. Are there any other ways to solve this paradox?
At first, when we read this paradox, the arguments seem strange to say the least. However, like all paradoxes, it is designed to mislead, and the more you think about it, the more difficult it is to maintain clarity of thought.
12. These puzzles are designed to test the level of creative thinking in problems where you need to correctly cut an object and put the pieces together to form a different geometric figure. With each task the difficulty level increases.
(1). Cut a hexagon out of cardboard and cut it as shown in the picture. Fold the resulting pieces to form a square.
(2). Cut the star and fold the resulting pieces into a hexagon.
(3). Make two more cuts the same length as the ones you made earlier to make five pieces. From the resulting parts, form an equilateral triangle.
(4). Cut the square into five pieces so that you can fold it into an octagon. (On the page
106 we give a hint for this problem.)
(5). Cut the cross into five pieces and make a square out of them.
Memory
Memory is the brain's ability to store information and retrieve it. It is thanks to this ability of our brain that we are able to think and learn.
Although the mechanisms of memory have not yet been fully studied, it is absolutely certain that the more often we use memory, the better it works.
Psychologists distinguish four memory mechanisms: recollection, surface recall, recognition and relearning. The names of the first three mechanisms speak for themselves, and the fourth is that when we need to learn material that we have already encountered before, the memorization process is easier than when we are dealing with completely new
material.
Memory is divided into: immediate (sensory), short-term and long-term.
Sensory memory remembers moment-by-moment events, such as noises or the movements of other people, and captures them in the form of pictures. Much of what she remembers is of no interest and is quickly forgotten.
Short-term memory stores memories, for example, about where, when and with whom you need to meet in the near future, what needs to be done and by what time.
Long-term memory remembers things like phone numbers, people's names, addresses, summer plans, and memories from the distant past, such as childhood.
We don't know much about how exactly the brain stores information. Some scientists
They believe that memories are stored only in certain parts of the brain, while others believe that the entire brain is used to store memories. It is believed that each type of memory, short-term and long-term, has its own mechanisms and that if information does not move from short-term memory to long-term memory, it will be irretrievably lost.
Different parts of the brain perform different memory functions. Animal studies suggest that the hippocampus and thalamus appear to be involved in motor memory, and the amygdala and thalamus in emotional memory.
Research has also shown that motor skills are “memorized” separately from intellectual skills.
When we see or mentally imagine something, that memory is stored in our brain as a picture, like a negative, and can be recalled again and again. So
All episodes of our life are “photographed,” although many of these “photographs” turn out to be unnecessary for us. Sometimes even the most insignificant events can leave a deep imprint on the memory and be recalled from memory in the blink of an eye.
However, all scientists, without exception, agree on one thing: although our memories cannot be corrected, memory itself can be improved: by training it, learning more by heart, repeating what was once learned, re-learning what was forgotten. There are special techniques for mnemonic memorization, that is, memorization based on associations, and many other techniques.
The tests that we present to your attention are aimed not only at testing your memory, but also at developing it and learning to concentrate on the subject being studied.
MEMORY TESTING
1. Look at these figures for 20 seconds, wait 2 minutes, then go to page 36 and answer the questions.
2. Look at these figures for 20 seconds, wait 3 minutes, then go to page 36 and answer the questions.
3. You are given two minutes to study these figures. Then immediately begin answering the questions on page 36.
4. With this exercise you will be able to test whether you can memorize words in pairs using associations. You are given 15 minutes to study 12 pairs of words. Mentally connect these pairs of words with some associations. Then answer the questions on page 36.
CHEESE BRUSH APPLE PHONE
MINEFIELD COTTON
TREE HANDCUFFS
BUTTERCUPLE PORTFOLIO
WATER BOOK
MAIL BALL
FIELD SPIKE YACHT CHAIR
VASE NEEDLE WINDMILL SAND
BRICK ZEBRA
5. Study the shapes in 15 seconds, then immediately answer the questions on page 38.
6. Look at the drawing for 2 minutes and answer the questions on page 38.
7. You have 20 seconds at your disposal during which you must look at this drawing; then answer the questions on page 39.
8. Try to memorize the following text in 60 seconds. Wait another 60 seconds without looking at the text and answer the questions on page 39.
The Lord's Prayer has 66 words. Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has 286 words. The Declaration of Independence has 1,322 words, and the State Cabbage Sales Act has 26,911 words.
National Newspaper.
9. In 90 seconds, look at and study this drawing. Wait 2 minutes and answer the questions
shown on page 40.
10. You have a minute to study this table with numbers; After the minute is up, answer the questions on page 40.
11. Here are 20 objects from everyday life. Try to remember as many items as possible in 3 minutes; then turn to page 40 and answer the questions.
12. Try to remember as many of these fifty words as possible. After 5 minutes, turn to page 41 and answer the questions.
ANIMALS BIRD FRUIT VEGETABLE COIN Llama Jackdaw Grapes Rutabaga Ruble Walrus Finch Orange Beetroot Piaster Elephant Tit Pear Carrot Zloty Cow Weaver Plum Peas Stamp Lynx Swallow Apple Cucumber Lyra
How to achieve this level of development of creative thinking? Many people believe that creativity cannot be taught, that it is an innate ability. But this is not entirely true, creative thinking exists in each of us at different stages, but some continue to develop it, while others leave everything at its natural beginning. Therefore, let me offer you ways to develop creative thinking.
Puzzles are not only entertaining, but also useful; In addition, they perfectly develop thinking. The best puzzles are those that do not require special knowledge, that is, those that anyone can solve using not special formulas, but their own intellectual potential. Let's take this problem:
You have written four letters and labeled four envelopes for them. You put letters into envelopes at random. What is the percentage of probability that only three letters ended up in their envelopes?
At first glance, the problem seems very difficult, but this is only if we look for special formulas to solve it. But here they are not needed, and everyone can find the correct answer through simple logical thinking.
Answer: the probability that only three letters will end up in the right envelopes is zero. If three out of four letters are in their envelopes, there remains only one letter and one envelope for it, and therefore the right letter will also end up in this envelope.
Of course, there is a certain difference between problems and puzzles. A puzzle has an author and a solution that he knows. For example, if you ask which number is 35 less than itself multiplied by six, or, for example, ask someone to rearrange the letters in words
"slave" and "moon" and get the name of the city, it will be a puzzle.
Problems arise in the course of our lives. They are not invented for their own sake, and, of course, they do not have solutions that are initially known to anyone. They don't have a right answer, only many different solutions, some of which are better, some of which are worse.
Some people enjoy solving problems, while others enjoy puzzles. Problem solving has practical benefits to life; By solving puzzles, we train our brain, learn to think, and this may be useful in life, when we actually have to solve real problems.
In this section we have placed 50 puzzles on different types of thinking; the most difficult of them
We've provided tips. At the end of the book, answers to all problems are given with detailed explanations.
Before you begin the problems, take a look at the two puzzles we provide as examples to show you how to think to solve such problems.
Example 1
My wife usually leaves work at 16.30 in the evening, goes to the store and catches the five-hour train, which arrives in our town at exactly 17.30. Every day I arrive at the station by car at 17.30 to meet my wife. Last week she got free 5 minutes earlier than usual and decided to go straight to the station without going to the store. Therefore, she caught the train, which departed at 16.30, and she was already at our station at 17.00. I wasn’t there yet, and she walked home. I picked her up from home at the usual time, met her on the way, and we arrived home 12 minutes earlier than usual. Question: How long did my wife walk before I met her?
Answer: 24 minutes
Explanation: There are two simple ways to solve this problem.
1. My wife arrived at our station 30 minutes early. As a result, we saved 12 minutes. Thirty minus twelve gives us eighteen minutes. If we add half of the time we saved - 6 minutes - to 18 minutes, we get 24 minutes.
2. You can subtract half the time saved, 6 minutes, from the total time difference, 30
minutes, = 24 minutes.
However, even if you do not know these formulas, such a problem can be solved through simple logical thinking. I always leave home at the same time, and we know that I leave before 5:30 p.m. Since we saved 12 minutes, this means that this is the time I usually spend to get to the station from the place where I met my wife and back - after all, this is the distance I did not have to cover. This means that to get from the place where I met my wife to the station, I spend 6 minutes and another 6 minutes back. Therefore, I met my wife 6 minutes earlier than usual, that is, at 17.24. Therefore, she walked from the station exactly 24 minutes.
Example 2
The woman has two children. What is the probability that both children are boys?
Explanation: The simple formula to solve this problem is 50 x 50 = 2500, which is 25%. However, this formula can be derived independently, through logical thinking. Let's draw this diagram:
Now multiply the numbers, following the arrows where you get boys.
50 x 50 = 2500, or 25%.
If we want to know the probability that the children are a boy and a girl, we need to multiply the probability of those options where the result is a boy and a girl. Since there are two such options, you need to multiply in both cases and add the results.
We hope that our examples provide a good illustration of how to solve such problems and that they will help you think in the right way. The main thing is to remember that sometimes there are several paths leading to the same correct answer.
How to achieve this level of development of creative thinking? Many people believe that creativity cannot be taught, that it is an innate ability. But this is not entirely true, creative thinking exists in each of us at different stages, but some continue to develop it, while others leave everything at its natural beginning. Therefore, let me offer you ways to develop creative thinking.
1. In a given row of words, move one word so that the sequence is in alphabetical order.
Quick wit
Intelligence is the ability to think quickly and react instinctively in certain situations. All the tasks in this chapter are about quick thinking, and it is very important to meet the allotted time, and you will have to not only think quickly, but also be able to maintain composure in conditions where time is limited.
Timed tests are usually used when they want to test a person’s ability to successfully solve a certain number of problems under time pressure. The opposite of such tests are mental endurance tests, in which the difficulty of the tasks gradually increases, but the test subject is not limited in time.
Our test items are not particularly difficult on their own, but when they are given collectively and only given a certain amount of time to complete them, the brain needs to adapt to develop enough mental flexibility and focus to ensure a high final score.
INTELLIGENCE TESTS
1. You have 25 minutes to answer 10 questions, the difficulty of which will gradually increase.
(1). Which letter is two squares below the letter to the left of the letter three squares above the letter Y?
(2). Which letter is above the letter that is to the right of the letter that is two spaces below that letter?
which is to the left of the letter M?
(3). Which letter is two cells to the left of the letter that is three cells above the letter
which is located immediately above the letter that is to the left of the letter I?
(4). Which letter is in the second cell to the right of the letter that is exactly halfway between the letters D and X?
(5). Which letter is two squares above the letter to the left of the letter three squares below the letter two squares to the right of the letter E?
(6). What letter is below the letter that is halfway between the letter below J and the letter above U?
(7). Which letter is three squares to the right of the letter located under the letter located two squares to the right of the letter that is two squares below the letter Z?
(8). Which letter is two squares above the letter to the right of the letter below the letter two squares to the left of the letter F?
(9). Which letter is two cells to the left of the letter that is under the letter that is two cells to the right of the letter that is midway between the letter to the left of the letter C and the letter that is two cells to the left of the letter H?
(10). Which letter is two squares to the right of the letter three squares above the letter?
standing to the left of the letter that is above the letter standing three cells to the left of the letter Y?
2. In each line with numbers, skip the repeated numbers, and write the rest in reverse order. You have 6 minutes to complete this task.
For example: 4723869764 = 9832
a) 9482374827981
i) 98243159752168
j) 29374271824781
l) 1974384569172
d) 14631296847235
m) 861932825786243
d) 921638427952
n) 728361751692483
e) 746983471892
o) 6379132758462
g) 1524693521725
p) 9832176854721638
h) 743892176521387
3. In this task you will have to find an extra figure in each sequence. You have 20 minutes to complete this task.
For example: (picture)
Shape C is redundant because it is the only shape with straight sides, and all the other shapes in the row have rounded sides.
(9)
Regroup these sequences of numbers so that first all even numbers go in ascending order, and then all odd numbers go in descending order. You have 4 minutes to complete this task.
For example: 76524 = 24675
5. This task should test your ability to operate with words and your ability to fill out a table in the form of a crossword puzzle. You must place all the words in this crossword puzzle: 30 minutes are given for this task. Three words are already in place. (In the crossword there are: horizontally 20 - DOL, 22 - BOW, vertically 18 - ERA.)
SPARK, FLOW, ONAGR, QUARK,
HELMET, OVAL, CROWN, WALL, GLASS, WAREHOUSE, COMPANY, METAL, ATHLETE, AVRAL, SALAR, MOOR, VALLEY, NITROGEN, ACRYLIC, BRADIA, PROCELLENT, CURL, LYRICA, ROLLER, SIDOR, ARKAN, SCOREBOARD, OTAR, OCEAN, FROST, ATOLL, FILE. SWAMP, JASPER, TEST,
6. This task is timed. It consists of 10 questions and is designed to test your ability to think logically and do mental math. The questions themselves are not difficult, but to achieve good results, you need ingenuity and speed, since your time is limited. You have 15 minutes to solve ten tasks.
(1). Find two identical figures.
(2). If there are 90 liters of water in a full barrel, how many liters will remain in the barrel if we pour out 60%
all the water?
(3). The volume of the cube is 1 m x 1 m x 50 cm. How many of these cubes will fit in a cube with a volume of 4 mx3mx3m?
(4). What is the product of these numbers? 1У8*2/з
(2). The largest even number and the smallest cube;
(3). The smallest prime and largest odd numbers;
(4). The smallest square and the smallest even number;
(5). The largest even and largest prime numbers;
(6). The largest cube and the smallest prime number;
(7). The smallest square and the smallest cube;
(8). The smallest odd and largest even numbers;
(9). The largest prime number and the largest square;
(10). The largest odd number and the largest cube.
The shape of the letters is such that they always have a certain number of unfinished lines. For example:
B = 0 P = 1 Yu = 2 E = 3 X = 4
Find the meaning of these expressions. You have 10 minutes for this task.
(1). N + P = ? (6). N:L=?
(2). K-M = ? (7).YakhD=?
(3).B + G = ? (8). E:U = ?
(4).AxC = ? (9).ФхО = ?
(5). H-B = ? (10).T-L = ?
9. Study this crossword puzzle and answer 10 questions. You have 10 minutes.
(1). How many letters H are in the crossword puzzle?
(2). How many words are there in the crossword puzzle with only one but repeating vowel?
(3). How many letters E are in the crossword puzzle?
(4). How many letters U are there?
(5). How many six letter words are there?
(6). How many place names are there in the crossword?
(7). How many letters Y are in the crossword puzzle?
(8). How many ten letter words are there in the crossword puzzle?
(9). How many A's are there?
(10). How many five letter words are there in the crossword puzzle?
10. In front of you is a square in which seven words are arranged in the form of a “snail” twisted inside the square, and each subsequent word begins with the same letter with which the previous one began. Each letter here has two coordinates. For example: the letter C is in squares Al, E7 and Ж6. Study the “snail” carefully and answer the questions; You are given 5 minutes for this.
Write all the coordinates of the following 8 letters:
Intelligence testing
Intelligence is the ability to learn or understand that is common to all humans. Some people have it to a greater extent, others to a lesser extent, but each person retains this ability practically unchanged throughout his life. It is thanks to intelligence that we are able to act correctly and learn from our mistakes.
In psychology, intelligence is defined as the ability to perceive knowledge and use it in other, fundamentally new situations. Under testing conditions, it is possible to determine how successfully a person adapts to unusual situations.
Any test in which we attempt to measure intelligence is an intelligence quotient test, or IQ test. Such tests usually consist of blocks of gradually more difficult tasks designed for an average level.
IQ stands for intelligence quotient. The coefficient, in turn, is the result of dividing one value by another. It is generally accepted that IQ is a heritable characteristic and that in adults it practically does not change with age. Until approximately 13 years of age, intelligence develops rapidly; from 13 to 18 years of age, a slight slowdown in the rate of development is noticed, and after 18 years of age, no major changes are observed.
When measuring a child's IQ, he is asked to take a standard intelligence test, and the level of test performance and score will be different for each age. If a 10-year-old child performs at the level of a 12-year-old child, his IQ is calculated like this:
Intelligence testing
This method, however, is not applicable to adults: their IQ is estimated relative to the average score - one hundred percent. Their results are located either above or below this norm, in accordance with a previously known scoring system, and the distribution of IQ (among the population) appears on the graph as a fairly constant resulting curve (?).
Although IQ is a hereditary factor that does not change throughout life, performance on an IQ test can be improved. This is precisely the goal we pursue in this and other similar books.
IQ tests are usually designed and administered with the understanding that test takers know nothing about testing methods in general and know very little about the methods used to construct the questions in such tests. Therefore, if a person has an idea of what questions he might be asked, and if he has an idea of how to approach solving test problems, his results will be much higher.
Calorie content, how to cook and how to cook brown rice
How and where to properly store oysters
The biscuit settles after baking
How to make marmalade with your own hands: apple classics
What a sign: a bird flew into the window (a tit flew in)