Embankment of Robespierre
Robespierre embankment runs from Vodoprovodny Lane to Liteiny Bridge; Previously, the border between it and the Smolnaya Embankment, which continues it, ran along Tavricheskaya Street, which until the 1920s ended on the banks of the Neva. The old name of the embankment is Voskresenskaya. It first appeared on the plans of St. Petersburg in 1792. In fact, the embankment did not exist then, and the name was assigned to the street leading to the Resurrection (Smolny) Convent - the current Shpalernaya.
In 1883, the newly built section of the embankment from Potyomkinskaya Street to Liteyny Bridge was included in the Gagarinskaya Embankment (Kutuzov Embankment), and on April 16, 1887, the entire passage was again given the name Voskresenskaya Embankment. It's already official. It was also officially renamed on February 20, 1916 to Belgian. This act of renaming during the First World War was politically motivated. The decision stated that the name was given “taking into account that two embankments of the Neva River bear the names of the powers of England and France allied to Russia<будущая набережная Кутузова с 1902 года называлась Французской>and wishing to record my feelings for the third allied power - Belgium and her army." Belgium at that time was occupied by German troops, and its army actually did not exist.
In reality, the name change did not occur, and the embankment remained Voskresenskaya for another seven and a half years. On October 6, 1923, it was named after M. Robespierre (1758–1794), one of the leaders of the Great french revolution.
Robespierre, who enjoyed great authority and was popularly nicknamed the Incorruptible, was elected leader of the Jacobin revolutionary government in the summer of 1793. During the war against the enemies surrounding Republican France, he headed the Committee of Public Safety.
Robespierre was a supporter of the bill, which provided for the reorganization of the revolutionary tribunal and simplified trials in order to quickly punish the enemies of the republic. In the summer of 1794, over the course of a month and a half, the Revolutionary Tribunal passed 1,563 sentences on “enemies.” Of this number, 1,285 people were sentenced to the guillotine. And even earlier, on April 5, 1794, one of the leaders of the Great French Revolution, Georges-Jacques Danton, lost his head to the guillotine for “compliance” and unproven treason in favor of England. The verdict was carried out a day after the meeting of the revolutionary tribunal. Driving to the place of execution past the house in which Robespierre lived, Danton shouted: “Maximilian, you will soon follow me!” He turned out to be right. On 10 Thermidor of the Second Year of the Republic (June 27, 1794), Robespierre was guillotined on the Place de Greve. There was no trial against him at all.
Robespierre's name was included in Lenin's list of outstanding figures to whom, according to the monumental propaganda plan, it was necessary to erect monuments in the first place. In 1918, the monument appeared in Moscow, and in Petrograd in 1923 - the embankment.
Monument to the victims political repression
At house number 12 there is a monument to A. A. Akhmatova
From the book Petersburg in street names. Origin of names of streets and avenues, rivers and canals, bridges and islands author Erofeev AlexeyKRONVERKSKAYA EMBANKMENT There was no through passage along the right bank of the Kronverk Strait for a long time. At the beginning of the 20th century, the western section was sometimes included in the Mytninskaya embankment, and then was completely closed. The current embankment appeared only in the late 1970s
From the book Legendary Streets of St. Petersburg author Erofeev Alexey DmitrievichKUTUZOV EMBANKMENT The embankment runs along the left bank of the Neva from the Liteiny Bridge to the Fontanka (and not to the Lebyazhy Canal, as they think). Unlike other Neva embankments, it changed its name many times. At first, from 1796, the embankment was part of Dvortsovaya, and in
From the author's bookMARTYNOVA EMBANKMENT Martynov embankment is located on Krestovsky Island. It starts from Prozhektornaya Street and goes far beyond Ryukhin Street to the yacht club. For the first time on the city plan it was designated in 1849 as the embankment of the Middle Nevka River, although it actually appeared
From the author's bookSEA EMBANKMENT The embankment runs along the shore of the Gulf of Finland on Vasilyevsky Island and Dekabristov Island. According to the plan, it should depart from the currently non-existent Shkiperskaya Street, but in fact it begins a little south of Pribaltiyskaya Square and reaches Nalichnaya
From the author's bookPETROVSKAYA EMBANKMENT On May 9, 1903, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, the Neva embankment, located between Troitskaya Square and the Petersburg (now Petrogradskaya) embankment, was named in honor of the founder of the city and began to be called the Emperor Peter Embankment
From the author's bookPETROGRAD EMBANKMENT Petrogradskaya embankment runs along the left bank of the Bolshaya Nevka from Petrovskaya embankment to Chapaeva street. In 1738, the Commission on St. Petersburg buildings decided to name the embankment Dvoryanskaya, since in this part of the city,
From the author's bookPIROGOVSKAYA EMBANKMENT The embankment received its name on December 17, 1898, being separated from the Arsenalnaya embankment. At the same time, the neighboring Botkinskaya Street was also named; Thus, in the year of the centenary of the Military Medical Academy, two of the most
From the author's bookROBESPIERRE EMBANKMENT Robespierre embankment runs from Vodoprovodny Lane to Liteiny Bridge; Previously, the border between it and the Smolnaya Embankment, which continues it, ran along Tavricheskaya Street, which until the 1920s ended on the banks of the Neva. The old name of the embankment is
From the author's bookSVERDLOVSK EMBANKMENT On April 16, 1887, the embankment on the right bank of the Neva between Kushelevsky Lane (now part of Piskarevsky Prospekt) and Arsenalnaya Street was named Polyustrovskaya, after the Polyustrovo area, near which it passes. May 8, 1938
From the author's bookSand embankment The embankment runs along the left bank of the Malaya Nevka from Kamennoostrovsky to Levashovsky Prospekt. The name was given on April 16, 1887 along the parallel Pesochnaya Street (now Professor Popov Street). Initially, the embankment ran from Kamennoostrovsky
From the author's bookPetrovskaya embankment On May 9, 1903, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, the Neva embankment, located between Troitskaya Square and Peterburgskaya (now Petrogradskaya) embankment, was named in honor of the founder of the city and became known as the Emperor Peter Embankment
From the author's bookPetrogradskaya embankment Petrogradskaya embankment runs along the left bank of the Bolshaya Nevka from Petrovskaya embankment to Chapaeva street. In 1738, the Commission on St. Petersburg buildings decided to name the embankment Dvoryanskaya, since in this part of the city,
From the author's bookPirogovskaya embankment The embankment received its name on December 17, 1898, being separated from Arsenalnaya embankment. At the same time, the neighboring Botkinskaya Street was also named; Thus, in the year of the centenary of the Military Medical Academy, two of the most
From the author's bookSinopskaya embankment The embankment runs along the left bank of the Neva, it starts from Obukhovskaya Oborona Avenue south of the Alexander Nevsky Bridge, passes under the bridge and ends at Smolny Prospekt a little further than the Bolsheokhtinsky Bridge. This happened because when
From the author's bookSmolnaya Embankment The embankment runs along the left bank of the Neva from Smolny Prospekt behind Smolny to Vodoprovodny Lane; Previously, its western border ran along Tavricheskaya Street, which until 1925 ended at the Neva. The name was given on April 16, 1887, according to the decree, according to
From the author's bookUniversitetskaya embankment The embankment runs along the right bank of the Neva on Vasilyevsky Island from the Palace Bridge to the 6th line. Its first recorded name - the Cash Line (that is, the front, front) - has been known since 1741 and referred to the site from the Twelve building
How long has it been since you and I walked along the embankments of St. Petersburg? I am correcting this omission. I present to you a mini-walk along Voskresenskaya embankment. Which interesting places and what attractions await us here? Let's figure it out.
Let's start with the fact that the embankment was named Voskresenskaya in honor of the church on the corner of Chernyshevsky Ave. and Shpalernaya. In 1923 it was renamed the Robespierre embankment, but in 2014 it returned its historical name. Until now, in the minds of St. Petersburg residents he is perceived exclusively as Robespierre.
2. The embankment at Liteiny Bridge greets us with a far from tourist-like appearance.
3. There used to be a residential building here. Looked something like this:
photo from the site http://www.citywalls.ru/
4. In 2008, this is how it was dismantled. If money is not invested in restoration, then this fate could befall all historical buildings. Remained only in history now, the house of Stalinist neoclassicism. I haven’t yet found what will happen in the new place on the Internet. Somebody knows?
photo from the site http://www.citywalls.ru/
5. Apartment house Aksenova and the barracks of His Imperial Majesty’s own convoy.
6. School No. 186, shining example Stalinist neoclassicism.
7. And what was the initial scope! First sketch. You can compare before and after. And why did they repaint it like this? green color? Do you like the new green color?
photo from the site http://www.citywalls.ru/
8. Warehouses of the Shop Yard of the Goff-Quartermaster's Office. I think everything is clear =))
9. Residential building of the archives of the Ministry of the Imperial Household (with a laundry and utility wing). Now it's just a residential building. Architectural style- eclecticism.
10. House of care for widows and orphans of the court clergy. What do you think of the name of the house?)
11. Historical view to the façade. The attentive reader will notice that the domes have not reached our time. True, you cannot live in houses with domes.
photo from the site http://www.encspb.ru/
12. An exact copy of the legendary "Poltava". The choice of installation location is a little strange. But in 2015, it was decided to erect a monument to the first battleship built at the Admiralty of St. Petersburg. It was installed on a pedestal so that vandals would not damage it, but if you want to walk around a virtual model of the ship, you can do this using a smartphone.
13. Oh, what a ship it was.
picture from the site http://yachtrus.com/
14. Tired? Then here's the house.
15. And another house.
16. Home again.
17. Home again.
Stop! Coffee museum? Since when did St. Petersburg become famous for its coffee? I have not seen any plantations in the Leningrad region. It turns out that this is the only “Coffee Museum” in Russia. Based on private collection Petersburg family and are trying to instill in the townspeople a love for this drink. The museum also has a barista school. Who even went to the museum? What is your opinion, is it worth going or not?
18. Residential complex "House on the Neva". An ordinary house, built in 2003. True, there is one “but”.
19. There is a park in the back of the house. There is a monument there - to Akhmatova. Why in this place? Firstly, she herself decreeed it in the poem "Requiem": ...here, where I stood for three hundred hours, and where the bolt was not opened for me. Secondly, opposite are the world famous “Crosses”, where her son was imprisoned.
20. Opposite the “Crosses” is not only Akhmatova, but also another monument to the victims of political repression.
21. The stone parapet in the form of a prison window is only a reminder, the main part architectural monument Sphinxes. The youngest sphinxes in St. Petersburg, but they can scare children! Divided into a living half and a grinning skull, according to the artist’s plan, they should inspire horror. And the place was chosen well. Dead side to "Crosses", living side to Big House.
22. Continuation of the residential complex "House on the Neva"
23. And another residential complex overlooking the Neva. Who knows why these “holes” are in the building?)
24. And I would like to end our walk with Akhmatova’s poems:
And if ever in this country
They are planning to erect a monument to me,
I give my consent to this triumph,
But only with the condition - do not put it
Not near the sea where I was born:
The last connection with the sea is severed,
Not in the royal garden near the treasured stump,
Where the inconsolable shadow is looking for me,
And here, where I stood for three hundred hours
And where they didn’t open the bolt for me.
Then, even in the blessed death I am afraid
Forget the rumble of the black marus,
Forget how hateful the door slammed
And the old woman howled like a wounded animal.
And let from the still and bronze ages
Melted snow flows like tears,
And let the prison dove drone in the distance,
And the ships sail quietly along the Neva.
Other walks along the embankments of St. Petersburg
07/07/2014
For the first time during his reign, Georgy Poltavchenko agreed to change the name of the toponym in the center of St. Petersburg. From revolutionary to Orthodox. Now the embankment named after the French revolutionary Robespierre will return to its former name - Voskresenskaya, in honor of the Church of the Resurrection. Why was Robespierre renamed, but, say, Marat not? – “City 812” was surprised
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A few years ago, the St. Petersburg eponymous commission proposed returning the historical names to several dozen streets, including Robespierre Embankment, Marat Street and other Soviet-revolutionary ones. In 2012, Georgy Poltavchenko ordered to discuss this proposal with the people. The opinions of the people were polarly divided, and the toponymic controversy turned political. Then Georgy Poltavchenko decided not to make any decisions. And he declared a moratorium on renaming streets until 2015.Since then, no one has returned to this issue. Singer Alexander Rosenbaum probably didn’t know about the moratorium. Therefore, at the end of last year he asked to rename the Robespierre embankment to the embankment named after the writer Vadim Shefner. As explained in the Toponymic Commission, the singer’s appeal was included as a separate item on the agenda of the meeting. This meeting took place in December 2013. Rosenbaum was refused, explaining that existing names could only be changed to historical ones. But the very idea of renaming was supported, recommending that the Robespierre embankment be made Voskresenskaya. It was called that way in the 18th century because the Church of the Resurrection was located nearby. The Toponymic Commission issued this recommendation more than once, but previously the city authorities did not agree with it. And this time, Georgy Poltavchenko - six months after the commission’s decision - suddenly signed an order, and the embankment was renamed.
“We can say that the moratorium has naturally given a long life,” rejoices Andrei Ryzhkov, a member of the Toponymic Commission.
Perhaps, if the singer Rosenbaum had asked to remove the name of another French revolutionary, Marat, from the city map, then this street would also be renamed - Nikolaevskaya. But Rosenbaum did not ask, and Marat stayed.
Perhaps Robespierre was simply unlucky to replace the Orthodox name. Obviously, the return of the toponym Voskresenskaya will serve to strengthen Orthodox culture and universal human values.
According to Andrei Ryzhkov, now the fate of the remaining historical renamings depends on the reaction of the townspeople to Voskresenskaya, the former Robespierre.
Using this example, we will show people that there is nothing wrong with renaming. To further return other names went more calmly. There are both residential and business buildings on this embankment. People are afraid that due to a change in the name of the address they will have to change their documents. This is wrong. All papers - registration, certificates of ownership, and so on - remain valid. We specifically contacted the Federal Migration Service and the notary office, where they confirmed this to us. And if any friction suddenly arises - after all, officials can also be mistaken - we urge you to contact us for help. The toponymic commission issues certificates completely free of charge stating that there is a Government decree to change the name of the street, explains Andrei Ryzhkov.
The last time the name of a street in St. Petersburg changed was in 2006, under Valentin Matvienko. Then the Syezdovskaya line became the Kadetskaya line. Residents of the renamed street did not complain.
According to Ryzhkov, the appearance of Voskresenskaya Embankment on the map of St. Petersburg is the first return of a historical name in the central part of St. Petersburg during Poltavchenko’s reign. Before this, there was a small renaming - a piece of Red Cadets Street to Rubinshteinovskaya in Peterhof. But there are not even houses on this piece, so no one noticed the event.
According to local historians, main principle renaming streets - bringing back beautiful and historically connected streets historical names.
And not on the principle of the bloodiness of the executioners. Unfortunately, it’s easier to explain to the general public that this one was bad person, so we want to get rid of it. But today we have one bad, another good, and tomorrow it’s the other way around. A serious toponymic policy cannot be built on this, the commission is confident.
Renaming the Robespierre embankment to Voskresenskaya is a trial balloon. If everything goes smoothly and does not cause any complaints from residents, then at one of the next meetings the Toponymic Commission will again raise the issue of returning historical names to several dozen more streets. Most likely, this will happen in November-December 2014.
List to rename
Belinsky Street - Simeonovskaya Street
Blokhin Street - Church Street
Voskova street - Bolshaya Belozerskaya street
Vosstaniya Street - Znamenskaya Street
Dobrolyubova Ave. - Alexandrovsky Ave.
Kotovsky Street - Malaya Vulfova Street
Krasnoborsky lane — Rozhdestvensky lane.
Red Kursant Street - Bolshaya Spasskaya Street
Krasnogradsky lane — Voznesensky lane.
Kropotkin street - Malaya Belozerskaya street
Kuibysheva Street - Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya Street
Lenin Street (from Sytninskaya Street to Bolshoi Ave. P.S.) - Matveevskaya Street
Lenin Street (from Bolshoi Ave. P.S. to Levashovsky Ave.) - Shirokaya Street
Marata street - Nikolaevskaya street
Mira Street - Ruzheynaya Street
Michurinskaya street - Malaya Dvoryanskaya street
Radishcheva street - Preobrazhenskaya street
emb. Robespierre - Voskresenskaya embankment.
Rosenstein Street - Leuchtenbergskaya Street
1-10 Sovetskie streets - 1-10th Rozhdestvenskie streets
pl. Truda - Blagoveshchenskaya Sq.
Tyushina street - Vozdvizhenskaya street
Chapaeva street - Bolshaya Vulfova street
Kolpino
Volodarsky Street - Admiralteyskaya Street
Karl Marx Street - Preobrazhenskaya Street
Communy Street - Slavyanskaya Street
Culture Street - Tikhvinskaya Street
Lagernoye highway - Voznesenskoye highway
Lenin Avenue - Tsarskoselsky Avenue
Truda Street - Trinity Street
Uritsky street - Cathedral street
Reference
Maximilian Robespierre (1758-1794) - leader of the Great French Revolution, head of the Jacobins, nickname - Incorruptible. He proclaimed the cult of the “Supreme Being” and launched terror against the enemies of the revolution. According to Robespierre, terror is “swift, harsh and inexorable justice.” In 1794 he was declared an outlaw by the Convention and executed without trial.
Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793) - doctor, one of the leaders of the Jacobins. Nickname: Friend of the People. One of the most ardent supporters of the Jacobin terror. Killed by noblewoman Charlotte Corday, who brought him new list"enemies of the people" .
Robespierre's St. Petersburg embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva and extends from Smolnaya embankment to Liteyny Ave.
In the second half of the 19th century, when construction of this section of the Neva bank had just begun, the embankment began to be called Voskresenskaya, linking this name with the Resurrection Smolny Cathedral. In 1916, Voskresenskaya embankment was renamed Belgian. It was a political gesture. During the First World War, Russia sought to emphasize its allied loyalty. And already in 1923 the embankment was given its current name. It is named after Maximilian Robespierre, one of the leaders and ideological inspirers of the Great French Revolution. By the way, an irreconcilable fighter against real and imaginary enemies of the revolution.
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The Robespierre embankment has its own rich history. It was built and rebuilt, making it more modern and in keeping with the spirit of the times. She was getting prettier and younger. For example, a very successful solution was the construction of a wide staircase and viewing platforms opposite Chernyshevsky Avenue.
But the greatest resonance was caused by the relatively recent acquisition of the Robespierre embankment. This is a sculptural group consisting of two sphinxes. It is installed opposite the notorious Kresta prison. The statue is dedicated to the memory of those who became victims of political repression. The author of the sculptures is M.M. Shemyakin. This famous sculptor created the sphinxes, cast them in the USA and presented them to St. Petersburg. From the side that people walking along the embankment see, the faces of the sphinxes are young and beautiful. But the side that faces the Crosses represents a terrible, decayed face-skull. The unity of death and life in the face of the sculptures, in combination with the judge's wig on their heads, evokes a feeling of insecurity from the arbitrariness that affected many.
Between the figures of the sphinxes, right on the parapet, there is an image of a prison window covered with bars. Attached to the granite pedestals are copper tablets containing excerpts from the works of O. Mandelstam, N. Gumilyov, A. Akhmatova, D. Andreev, N. Zabolotsky, I. Brodsky, D. Likhachev, A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Bukovsky, V. Vysotsky , Yu. Galanskova.
A semantic continuation of the same theme is the monument to Anna Akhmatova, which was erected on the Robespierre embankment in December 2006. Even during her lifetime, in her own poems, the famous poetess expressed the desire that her monument, if erected, would be
«… here where I stood for three hundred hours,
And where they didn’t open the bolt for me».
This is how the poetess spoke about her stay in front of the Crosses, waiting for information, about her husband and son.
In addition to the Crosses, from the Robespierre embankment there is a view of the cruiser-museum "Aurora". And on the embankment itself in house No. 14 there is most interesting museum coffee.
It was known as the Quai Robespierre. Whether it will be renamed or not - the answer to this question was of interest to both native St. Petersburg residents and those who moved to the city on the Neva not so long ago. Today the answer to this question is in the affirmative. The embankment was returned to its original historical name. On June 23, 2014, she again became Voskresenskaya. Let's take a closer look at what is remarkable about the embankment and its surroundings.
From the history of St. Petersburg
This area of the city cannot in any way be classified as peripheral. However, it was built in more late era, when the city center was largely formed. The embankment received its historical name from the name of the Resurrection Church, which stood in the first half of the eighteenth century at the corner of Shpalernaya and Voskresenskaya streets. Today Voskresenskaya Street is known to St. Petersburg residents as Chernyshevsky Avenue. In 1923, the embankment was named after the prominent figure of the French Revolution, Maximilian Robespierre. For Soviet era there was nothing unusual in such a toponym. But after the city returned its historical name in 1993, the phrase “St. Petersburg, Robespierre embankment” began to sound somewhat strange. The public often paid attention to this circumstance, but changing the names of urban infrastructure facilities is traditionally associated with significant financial costs and administrative difficulties.
Architectural features of the embankment
The Robespierre embankment began to acquire its current architectural appearance around the middle of the nineteenth century. The most important point here was the construction of the granite embankment of the Neva. The total length of the retaining wall was 288 meters. Its construction was completed in 1852. The embankment had two staircases providing convenient access to the water surface. This made it possible for a long time to use it as an unloading area for river barges and storage of building materials intended for the construction of city blocks. In its final form, the Robespierre embankment was formed already in Soviet time. Many of its buildings have features characteristic of Soviet architecture pre-war period. The last large-scale reconstruction took place here in 1967. It was associated with the construction of the Liteiny Bridge and approaches to it. The Robespierre embankment passed under the bridge.
Some attractions
By St. Petersburg standards, the Robespierre embankment is not so rich in remarkable places. Until recently, St. Petersburg residents considered house 32 to be one of its undoubted attractions. Outwardly, this building is very characteristic of the Soviet historical era. It was erected in 1950 for employees of the nearby Big House, that is, the Leningrad Department of the KGB of the USSR. From its windows there was a magnificent view of the expanses of the Neva, the legendary cruiser "Aurora" and the famous Arsenalnaya embankment. But this building did not survive its era for long; in the nineties it was declared unsafe and demolished. Also considered to be a city attraction is the only one in Russia in house number 14, next to the pier.
Monuments
IN last years Robespierre's embankment has been significantly enriched sculptural works. It was opened here in 1995. Its author is the world famous sculptor Mikhail Shemyakin. Sculptural composition consists of two sphinxes mounted on granite pedestals. They face not only the embankment, but also the famous Kresty prison on the opposite bank of the Neva. Many of those to whom this memorial is dedicated passed through it. On the pedestals of the sculptures there are copper tablets with sayings of poets, thinkers and philosophers. Thematically and figuratively with this memorial complex echoes the monument to Anna Akhmatova located nearby, on Shpalernaya Street. It is also facing the “Crosses”. Many poetic lines of Anna Akhmatova are dedicated to this prison. IN different time her husband Nikolai Gumilyov and son Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov visited it. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova herself indicated the place for the monument to herself in one of her works; it was to be erected near the famous “Crosses” prison.
From a realtor's point of view
This bank of the Neva was the outskirts of the capital during the reign of Empress Catherine II. But currently the answer to the question of a real estate agency client: “Robespierre embankment... Which area?” may be unambiguous. This central District St. Petersburg. And real estate on this embankment is in particular demand. This is one of the most expensive and prestigious areas cities. There are simply no typical old-built St. Petersburg housing here. In most buildings, both facing the Neva and in the depths of the blocks, major renovation and redevelopment. The apartments meet the criteria for luxury real estate. The price per square meter of living space here is quite high, but high demand indicates that many St. Petersburg residents would like to settle on this embankment on permanent place residence.
Robespierre embankment, pier at house 14
Every year, walks along the waters of the Neva and the Gulf of Finland are becoming increasingly popular in St. Petersburg. Many have noticed that architectural ensembles of the northern capital look most advantageous from the deck of the ship. But river boats are no less in demand as entertainment venues. It has become fashionable to celebrate birthdays, weddings and various corporate events. Against the backdrop of this trend, the pier at house number 14 on the Robespierre embankment has become a very significant element of the city’s tourist infrastructure. It is capable of receiving and servicing double-deck pleasure boats. The marina is convenient for those who want to take a ride along the Neva due to its location in the city center, and it is quite easy to get to.
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