Folk heroic-romantic drama "Tsar Maximilian". Tsar Maximilian

History of creation

The play is based on the description of the folk drama “Tsar Maximilian” in Bakrylov’s collection, in which the author collected extensive folklore material. The author compiled several striking examples of folk drama in Russian culture and created his own version of the play “Tsar Maximilian”. Having become acquainted with this work by Bakrylov, Alexey Remizov expressed the opinion that the play was written rudely and vulgarly, and its parts were connected to each other mechanically. After a meeting of the editorial commission, at which Bakrylov's code was discussed, Remizov decided to create his own version of the play.

Remizov worked on drama not only as a writer, but also as a scientist, largely relying on historical and philological works:

“...I, laying my, perhaps, one single stone to create the future great work which will give the whole kingdom folk myth, I consider it my duty, without adhering to the tradition of our literature, to introduce notes and tell in them the progress of my work.”

In his work, Remizov tried to embody his ideas about the ideal folk theater - “the theater of squares and oak forests” and mystery action as opposed to the “theater of walls.” In practice, this desire was expressed in the fact that Remizov simplified the production of the play as much as possible and, in comparison with Bakrylov’s play, significantly reduced the number of characters. By reducing the descriptive stage directions, he took “a step away from naturalistic theater.”

Plot

In many ways, the plot of the folk drama is based on the story of Peter I and Tsarevich Alexei. Tsar Maximilian is a king who decided to marry a foreign queen and abandon the Orthodox faith. The king's son, Adolf, opposes his father's marriage. Trying to change his son’s decision, Tsar Maximilian takes Adolf into custody and eventually executes him.

Heroes

• Tsar Maximilian (Maximiyan, Maksimyan) is a “formidable and strong king” who decided to marry an overseas princess and abandon the Orthodox faith and worship “idol gods.” He walks around wearing a crown and orders, waving a scepter or sword.
• Adolf is the son of Tsar Maximilian, who refuses to pray to the “idolic gods”, for which Tsar Maximilian executes him. Goes to military uniform, but simpler than the king's. After imprisonment - weak and without insignia.
• Knight Brambeus calls on the king to change his decision and not execute the innocent Adolf, but King Maximilian does not listen to him. Huge and gray.
• Skorokhod - informs everyone about the will of Tsar Maximilian.
• The old grave digger is preparing a grave for Adolf (A. M. Remizov himself compared him to the gravediggers in Shakespeare’s tragedy “Hamlet”).
• The old woman-death comes for King Makismilian.

Notes

Links

• The play “Tsar Maximilian”, arranged by A.F. Nekrylova and N.I. Savushkina

Wikimedia Foundation.

• 2010.
• Tsar Constantine (battleship, 1779)

King Solomon: The Wise of the Wise

See what “Tsar Maximilian” is in other dictionaries:"Tsar Maximilian" - KING MAXIMILIAN is the most popular folklore play. The action takes place in a fictitious land (I am not the Russian Emperor, not the French King...). The basis of the play is the conflict between the king and his son Adolf, which comes from our idolatrous (i.e. pagan)… …

Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary Maximilian

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• Books A. M. Remizov. Collected works. Volume 12. Rusalia, A. M. Remizov. The book "Rusalia" (Twelfth volume of the Collected Works of A. M. Remizov) includes dramatic works
• Unpublished materials from the expedition of B. M. and Yu. M. Sokolov. 1926-1928. In the footsteps of Rybnikov and Hilferding. In 2 volumes. Volume 2. Folk drama. Wedding poetry. Non-ritual lyrics. Ditties. Fairy tales and non-fairy tale prose. Creativity of peasants. The volume consists of unique folklore texts collected in the 20s. XX century in the protected cultural zone of the Russian North. It includes texts from folk drama (“Tsar Maximilian” and “The Boat”),…

KING MAXIMILIAN (II)

(People's Theater / Compiled, introductory article, prepared texts and comments by A.F. Nekrylova, N.I. Savushkina. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1991. - (B-ka of Russian folklore; T. 10), pp. 151-204, comments pp. 504-505).

Characters

Tsar Maximilian.
Adolf, his son.
Goddess.
King Mamai.
Arab.
Anika the warrior.
Marets.
Branbeul.
Zmiulan.
Hussar.
Cossack.
Doctor.
Priest.
Deacon.
Death.
Nephew of Tsar Mamai.
Markushka-gravedigger.
Afonka-blacksmith.
Executioner.
Ambassador.
Speedy field marshal.
Pages, two.
Warriors of Tsar Maximilian 1 .
Warriors of King Mamai 1 .

1 Usually two, but sometimes more.

PHENOMENON 1

Participants in the performance form a free semicircle in the middle of the hut, into the middle of which comes Ambassador and, holding his cap, addresses the public.

Ambassador
So I came here!
Excuse me for this
That I'm in a thin dress, -
I have a dress uniform at home,
Which has fifteen holes
And fifty-two patches;
Bribes are fine with me.
Goodbye, gentlemen,
Soon Tsar Maximilian will come here! (Leaves.)

PHENOMENON 2

Tsar Maximilian jumps on stage and walks back and forth for a while with quick steps, waving a naked saber; then stops in front of the throne, continuing his speech and waving his saber.

Tsar Maximilian
Ugh! There's a storm blowing here,
There's a blizzard blowing here!
I'll break the wall and fly like an arrow!
Hello, friends!
There is no star that fell from heaven
And illuminated the circle of the earth -
It was me, a good fellow, who came here.
Hello, gentlemen!
Born in the lush mother capital,
He married his wife, Queen Trojan,
From which the son Adolf was born.
And that one, I see, is corrupted...
(Approaches the throne.)
And for whom was this throne built?
I will sit on this throne -
And I will judge the disobedient son of Adolf.
(Sits on the throne.)
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne

PHENOMENON 3

Skorokhod quickly runs up to the throne and keeps his hand under the visor all the time; when leaving, he turns left in a circle; In general, he tries to behave in a military manner.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,

Or my sword has become dull,
Here I am completely standing in front of you,
Order me yourself!
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring me your favorite pages with a golden crown,
And the scepter and the power -
All-Russian honor and glory.
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it!
(Turns in a military circle to the left and leaves.)

PHENOMENON 4

A solemn procession appears: ahead two pages on trays they carry a gilded crown, a scepter and an orb, behind them, two in a row, several warriors with drawn checkers; the pages, presenting Tsar Maximilian with the crown, kneel.

Pages
We are going to the king,
We carry a golden crown,
Let's put it on the head,
Let's sing the song ourselves.
(They sing a song.)
Field, our field,
The field is clean, Turkish,
When will we pass you, field?
Tsar Maximilian (puts on the crown and picks up the scepter and orb)
On my head is a golden crown,
Defense for the entire kingdom;
In the right hand is a scepter,
And on the left is the power,
Yes, I have honor and glory throughout Russia.
And how can I, a strong and brave king
Maximilian, don't be proud,
When everyone falls to their knees in front of me?
I was on the sea-ocean,
I was on Buyan Island,
I judged kings and princes,
Kings and princes
And all sorts of nobles,
And the king himself almost ended up in a catastrophe!
And where, why does it happen,
To see the murdered king?
I myself have all the signs and differences
And I own the whole kingdom.
Here is my damask steel sword,
And the devil himself is not happy with him:
And he's afraid of my sword
And it will fall through the ground,
This will make the whole world proud
And all Europe will rejoice;
Yes, and to me, the strong and formidable Tsar Maximilian,
Honor and praise!
Everyone present (sing in chorus and very loudly)
Glory, glory, glory!
Glory to Tsar Maximilian!
Honor and praise!
(They sing this three times.)
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 5

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll turn from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Or has my sharp sword become dull?
Or, what have I, the Speedy Field Marshal, done to you?
Tsar Maximilian
Skorokhod
I will go and bring your rebellious son Adolf.
(Leaves.)

PHENOMENON 6

Skorokhod leaves and immediately comes back: in one hand there is a naked saber, with the other he leads by the hand Adolf, who goes with visible reluctance.

Adolf
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,

Or have I, your son Adolf, done something wrong to you?
Tsar Maximilian
You - my son?
Adolf
So what? Your son!
Tsar Maximilian
Am I your parent?
Adolf
So what? You are my parent!
Tsar Maximilian
Listen, son Adolf,
Adolf
I rode down Mother Volga
And he got acquainted with a free gang, with robbers.
Tsar Maximilian
Was your boat big?
Adolf
Nose in Kostroma,
Feed in Astrakhan.
Tsar Maximilian
Was your gang big?
Adolf
Seven hundred fifty two
And the third - your son Adolf - me!
Tsar Maximilian
Ugh, you monster!
You are tormenting the king's heart!
Yours will disappear gold Crown
And the hereditary throne and power,
And all the royal honor and glory!
Stand to the side and await your fate!
(Shouts over the entire audience.)
Speedy Field Marshal,

PHENOMENON 7

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll turn from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Or my sword has become dull,
Or did I, the Speedy Field Marshal, do what I did to you?
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Go and take my rebellious son Adolf to prison.

Skorokhod turns in a military manner, sharply to the left, approaches Adolf, ties his hands and, holding his saber bald, leads him from the stage.

Adolf (leaves slowly, singing a sad song)
In the unbearable dungeon the Tsarevich sat
And waited for myself to die
From evil executioners...

PHENOMENON 8

flies onto the stage Tsar Mamai With several warriors;

the warriors stand in a semicircle, and Tsar Mamai, after running back and forth several times, stops in the middle of the stage and, waving his naked saber, begins his speech.
Tsar Mamai
Stop, friends!
Here I am,
Terrible King Mamai,
With your armed warriors!
Hello my warriors,
Armed warriors! Warriors
(sing a song)
All the Tatars rebelled -
Warlike people:
"Come out, you infidels,
We challenge you to a fight!.."

(They march around the stage several times and leave, led by Tsar Mamai.)

PHENOMENON 9 A man clad in armor appears on stage Black Knight

: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
Arab
I’m approaching your city Anton,
I give honor and glory to the whole kingdom and dignity,
To the terrible Tsar Mamai I declare myself:
Here I am, the Arab knight,
I came from the Asian steppes,
From the pharmaceutical regions,
And I ended up in enemy territory,
Into enemy hands.
In the enemy's land
I will lay down my violent head for nothing.
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
I’m going, I’m hurrying to the city of Anton - I’ll burn Anton-city with fire,
Give me such a knight
With whom I could fight,
And chop
And meet with sharp swords.
If you don't give me such a knight,
Then I will burn the city of Anton with fire,
I will take you, King Maximilian, alive,
I will cut off the head of Anika the warrior
To the right side.
Wouldn't it be a shame?
What a shame:
One day I'm walking across an open field,
Along the wide expanse -
I see good fellows coming
And the red maiden:
Kissing
They have mercy,
And me, the king's son,
Yes, they push me in the neck.
Ugh! What damned places are here!
There are streams on the mountains,
And in the forests - a nightingale whistle...
Who is in charge in this kingdom?
Tsar Maximilian
And who maintains the throne of this power?
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
Strong and brave Tsar Maximilian!
Ugh!
Damned Maximilian! Been to four countries of the world
And he remembered you, damned Maximilian.
Wherever you get caught,
I would have fought with you there.
Come down, king, from your throne,
Get off your throne immediately!
Otherwise I'll knock you down
I will enter your kingdom
Tsar Maximilian
And I will execute you with an evil death!
Speedy Field Marshal!

Appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian!

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll turn from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
PHENOMENON 10
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring Anika the warrior here.
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it!
(Turns around and marches.)

PHENOMENON 11

Is old, gray-haired Warrior; slowly, with dignity, he approaches the throne and bows at the waist to King Maximilian.

Anika the Warrior
O great lord,
Conqueror of the whole world,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling on the warrior Anika?
Or do you command laws?
Or has my sharp sword become dull?
Tsar Maximilian
Go to distant lands,
To the borders of Jerusalem,
And conquer the whole ugly class,
Who does not believe in my idols-gods...
And on our border,
In our reserved meadows
Some warrior is standing
By name and birth Arab,
Which the devil himself is not happy about;
And he wants to beat and conquer all our possessions.
And take me, the strong and brave Tsar Maximilian, alive,
And to you, Anika the warrior,
Head off
On the right side.
Go and protect!
Anika the Warrior
I'll go and defend!
On our border
And in our reserved meadows
The warrior stands
By name and birth Arab,
To whom the devil himself is not a brother:
Wants to win and conquer all our troops
And capture Tsar Maximilian alive,
And to me, Anika the warrior,
Wants to cut off the head
On the right side...
(Runs up to Arab and shouts at him.)
What are you, damned crow?
Flew all over the region,
Have you seen my courage?
Why are you bothering in my kingdom?
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
I don't bother
And I want to fight with you!

A fierce battle begins.

Anika the Warrior
Fight!
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
Defend yourself!
Anika the Warrior
Say goodbye to life!
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
Pray to God the end is coming!
Anika the Warrior
Ugh, you monster!
My damask sword
And your head is off your shoulders!
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
Take care of yours!

They stop beating, are tired, and rest for a while.

: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian. (sings a song)

Black raven, what are you doing?
Over my head?
You won’t wait for the booty, -
Black Raven - I'm not yours!

Black raven that you fly
Over my head?
Are you looking for prey? -
Black Raven - I'm not yours!..

Anika the Warrior(interrupting his singing)
What are you, damned black Arab,
Are you sleeping or delirious?
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
I am not sleeping,
And I think strongly:
Come out, daring Anika warrior,
Let's fight you again!

They start beating again.

Anika the Warrior
Fight!
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
Defend yourself!
Anika the Warrior
I'm fighting!
: moving slowly, he approaches the throne and, shaking his spear, addresses King Maximilian.
I'm defending myself!
(Kills Anika the warrior.)
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Speedy Field Marshal!

PHENOMENON 12

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll turn from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and get old Markushka the grave-digger!
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it!

PHENOMENA 13

Skorokhod drags by the hand a decrepit, ragged man old man

Markushka
O great lord,
Conqueror of the whole world,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling on old Markushka?
Or what deeds do you command? Or has my sword become dull?

Tsar Maximilian
Markushka, I have something to do with you!
Markushka
What's the matter?
Tsar Maximilian
There's a dead body lying here
Remove it so that it does not smolder above the ground.
So that the sun doesn't burn,
So that it doesn't get wet with rain,
So that the worms do not sharpen,
But the devils didn’t drag me into the water.
Markushka
What will you give me for this?
Tsar Maximilian
I'll give you a coin.
Markushka
And I don’t even have a pocket.
Tsar Maximilian
The old woman will sew at home.
Clean it up quickly -
If you clean it up soon, I'll give you a nickel.
Otherwise it will pass like this.
Markushka
I'll go and clean it up!
(He goes to the corpse, stops over it and speaks.)
Still need to measure
Is it too big to make a coffin?
(Takes a stick and begins to slightly remove Anika the warrior in different places.)
One two Three -
Wipe your nose!
Three four five -
It's time to sleep!
(He clicks Anika the warrior on the forehead with a stick, he jumps up and runs away; Markushka hobbles after him, groaning and limping.)
All (shouting)
Risen! Risen!
Tsar Maximilian
Where is the demon? What kind of demon is there?
(Addresses the soldiers.)
Warriors, my warriors,
Armed warriors
Come and find me the demon!
Armed warriors!
Let's go and find
In all corners on......!

They go into the crowd and begin to look for the demon: they reach into their pockets, steal scarves from women, and take the opportunity to look under their hems. Squealing, swearing, turmoil begins, and sometimes, if the searchers turn out to be too daring, a dump begins. Quite sensational warriors return to the throne and report to King Maximilian.

Armed warriors!
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
We went around all the secret places,
The devil was not found anywhere.
Tsar Maximilian
Give them ten hot ones!

PHENOMENA 14

With slow steps, as if walking, he comes out Goddess. After her first speech, like a madman, waving his naked sword, jumps out Marets.

Goddess
Hello, all honorable gentlemen,
So I came here!
I walked through the open fields
And she conquered many lands,
Only one land has not been conquered -
And then Marcovo Field.
I'll curl, I'll curl on the blue sea,
From the blue sea to Martsovo Field;
I will burn the entire Field of Martz with fire,
I will take Marets himself prisoner!
Marets
Ugh! What do I hear?
What I see?
And he blames me, the knight Marets.
Do you know who I am?
Brave knight Marets!
I'll stand on a stone -
The stone will disintegrate;
I'll look at the sea -
The sea will stir!
From my sight
The clouds stop
From my daring hand
A bloody river has flowed!
And to me, knight Marets,
All the kings and kings flocked to the border
And they gave me honor and glory.
Goddess (falls on his knees in front of him, extending his hands forward)
Have pity on me, brave knight Marets!

Marets pulls out a saber and stands holding the saber over the head of the Goddess.

PHENOMENA 15

Enters the stage Branbeul, lowering his head down, as if thinking, and reasoning with himself.

Branbeul
One day I'm going
In an open field
Along the wide expanse
And I’ve been in this garden,
And he lost his sister Goddess.
(He hits himself in the chest with his fist.)
My heart beats inside me
My blood is boiling...
(Quickly raising his head and stopping in front of the Goddess.)
Oh god, who do I see?
My sister is on her knees!
Tell me, sister, who are you standing in front of -
I will protect you with my sword!
Goddess
Before the knight Martz.
Branbeul
Oh, you damned Marets!
Attacked an innocent girl
Like a lion to a fox,
Yes, and you torment
Ali, don't you know me?
Marets
And who are you?
Brother,
Or a matchmaker
Or a patron
Or a protector?
Branbeul
I'm not a brother
And not a matchmaker,
And not a patron -
Protector of the innocent,
Protecting my sister!
Marets
Come out for mortal combat!
Branbeul
I'm fighting!
Marets
And I'm fighting!
Branbeul
Defend yourself!
Marets
I'm defending myself!

They fight each other. After a while, Branbeul falls to his knees.

Marets
Death or belly?
Branbeul(kneeling)
Give me your belly
At least for three hours!
Marets
Get up, corpse, from under my heroic feet!

Branbeul jumps up and quickly runs off stage. The audience laughs.

PHENOMENA 16

The same Anika the Warrior.

Having bowed to Tsar Maximilian, he quickly turns to the knight Martz and, having pulled out a saber, begins to wave it and stamp his feet, stepping on Martz.

Anika the Warrior
Ugh, ugh!
Hands and legs are shaking,
Everyone's talking about Marz
As if he were standing on a stone -
The stone wrinkles;
Looks at the sea -
The sea will swell;
As if from his mighty gaze
The clouds stop;
As if from his mighty hand
Rivers of blood flow;
As if to him, knight Martz,
Tsars and kings gathered at the border
And they gave him honor
And they gave praise!
Is it true?
Marets
Is it true!
Anika the Warrior
It's not true
But there is truth in our swords.
I'm fighting!
Marets
And I'm fighting!
Anika the Warrior
Defend yourself!
Marets
I'm defending myself!
Anika the Warrior
Defend yourself boldly, I will not give mercy,
I will put you to an evil death!

After a short fight, Anika the warrior kills Marz and leaves the battlefield.

Tsar Maximilian
Warriors, my warriors,
Armed warriors
Take this body away
He fought bravely
And he deserves a better fate!

Two warriors carry away Marz's body.

Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Speedy Field Marshal!

PHENOMENA 17

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring me the rebellious son Adolf!
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it!

PHENOMENA 18

Skorokhod brings the man in chains Adolf and places him in front of the throne of King Maximilian, while he himself stands behind all the time, holding a saber on his shoulder.

Skorokhod
Here is your rebellious son Adolf.
Tsar Maximilian
Listen, Adolf; my son,
This is the second time I'm telling you:
Trust my gods.
Adolf
I believe in the Lord God,
And your idol gods
I sword as I please
I'm trampling into the dirt!
Tsar Maximilian
Ugh, you monster!
You are tormenting the king's heart.
Speedy Field Marshal,
Go and take the disobedient son of Adolf to prison,
To that dungeon
Where merchants and boyars sit,
Who sold Moscow
For three barrels of sand,
And put him on bread and water!
Skorokhod
I'll go and take it.
(Takes Adolf by the rune and leads him away.)
Adolf (sings a song)
In an unbearable dungeon
The prince was sitting
And he waited for himself to die
From evil executioners...

SCENE 19

Appears on stage young knight 3miulan; first he walks around the stage, carefully examining it, then begins to get excited and wave his saber.

Zmiulan
What a place this is,
How wonderful!
If I were in this place
Built a magnificent princely palace
With a high tower
And I would live and have fun,
Yes, hang out with pretty girls...
I'm going, hurrying to the city of Anton:
I will burn the city of Anton with fire,
And I will take the damned Maximilian alive as a prisoner.
And Anika the warrior
I'll cut off your head
To the right side!
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne of the formidable Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 20

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring here the invincible warrior Anika.
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.

SCENE 21

The same Anika the Warrior.

Anika the Warrior
O great lord,
Conqueror of the whole world,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling on Anika the warrior?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Or has my sharp sword become dull?
Or have I done something wrong to you?
Tsar Maximilian
Warrior, you are my warrior,
Beloved warrior,
Go to distant lands,
To the borders of Jerusalem,
Beat and conquer the whole ugly tribe,
Which does not believe in our idols-gods...
And on our border,
In our reserved meadows
Some warrior is standing
In the name of Zmiulan,
And he wants to beat all our troops,
And take me, Tsar Maximilian, alive.
And for you, Anika the warrior, cut off your head
I will cut off the head of Anika the warrior
Anika the Warrior
Ugh, oh my god
What do I hear in front of me?
As if on our border
And in our reserved meadows
There is a warrior named Zmiulan,
And he wants to defeat and conquer all our troops,
Capture Tsar Maximilian himself alive,
And to me, Anika the warrior,
Head off
To the right side!
(Addresses Zmiulan, advancing on him menacingly and waving a saber over his head.)
What are you, crow?
Do you fly all over the kingdom?
Do you not know my courage?
Do you know who I am?
Anika Ikhonets -
Coming from another world!
I was in Italy
I was still there;
I was in Paris
I was closer
I was in Crimea
I was in hell too.
I was in hell -
And the devils weren’t happy with me there,
And now, having come to Rus',
I'm not afraid of the devil himself!
What are you, damned Zmiulan, bothering about?
Or do you want it from my sword of death?
I'm fighting!
Zmiulan
I'm defending myself!

After a short fight Anika the Warrior throws down his sword and goes to the throne of King Maximilian. Tsar Maximilian stomps on him and screams.

Tsar Maximilian
How are you, impudent traitor,
Dare to flee from the battlefield?
I'll send you to Siberia
And I order you to shoot mercilessly!
Anika the Warrior
O great lord,
Conqueror of the whole world,
Let me say one word.
Tsar Maximilian
Speak, don't talk,
Look back more often!
Anika the Warrior
I was not your traitor,
My damask sword disintegrated into dust.
Give me a new weapon quickly
I'll go beat all the heroes!
Tsar Maximilian
Here's a new landing spot for you.
Anika the Warrior
I will take up arms, I will obey the law,
I'll go fight the enemy.
Zmiulan
Here my sharp sword shines,
And your whole life lies in my hands.
Anika the Warrior
Show off, knight, when in my hands
My sword crumbled to dust
And now I’m stuck.
(Shoots Zmiulan and kills him outright.)
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Speedy Field Marshal!

SCENE 22

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian,
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring old man Markushka the grave digger.
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.

PHENOMENON 23

Skorokhod dragging a decrepit, ragged old man by the hand Markushka the grave-digger, who resists with all his might. Skorokhod rewards him with several blows with his knee below the waist and, holding him by the collar, places him in front of Tsar Maximilian.

Markushka
O great lord,
Winner of the whole world
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Or has my sword become dull?
Or have I done something wrong to you?
Tsar Maximilian
It's up to you again, old devil, it's up to you.
Take away this dead body
So that it does not smolder above the ground,
So that the sun does not heat,
Markushka (with displeasure)

Hey you, yesyona-green, get up! The sun has already rolled out somewhere. (Points to the sky with a stick, trying to hit someone.) It doesn't disappear, it's obvious that he really died. Yes, I'm afraid of him!
Tsar Maximilian
To the very place
Where do your legs grow from?
So all the fear will pass.
Markushka
And I’ll come for the money in the morning.

Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 24

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
I want to have fun -
Go and bring the Hussar here!
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.

PHENOMENON 25

Rattles his spurs and flies out Hussar in a fantastic uniform covered with red stripes; the chest is completely covered with crosses and medals; he approaches the throne and makes a gesture under the visor.

Tsar Maximilian
Listen, warrior Hussar,
Where have you been so far?
Hussar
I, Your Imperial Majesty, stood on your border.
Protected your kingdom.
Tsar Maximilian
Well, tell me, what did you save?
Hussar
Here I am, a jury hussar,
I fought a brave battle with the Turks;
Bullets and cannonballs were flying around me,
How the bees buzzed
And I, a sworn hussar, was not offended.
Here's my rogue saber
There was a villain to all enemies,
Look, look, gentlemen,
How a hussar is always brave:
My chest is decorated with crosses and medals
From foreign sovereigns,
And from Tsar Maximilian there is
Egoryevsky cross...
The time of peace has come
And the hussar felt free.
It's over, the long journey is over,
I see my native land!
Time will come to rest
My dear friend and I...

PHENOMENON 26

Comes out singing a song Goddess and walks slowly back and forth across the stage.

Goddess (singing)
I loved, I loved
One hussar;
Now I am, now I am
Left without him...
(Seeing the Hussar, he stops singing and screams.)
Oh my God, lovely dreams!
Hussar
Let me enjoy love with you for an hour, lovely Goddess!
Goddess
You can, darling, you can.
Hussar (hugs the Goddess and starts singing)
Hussar, leaning on his saber,
I stood in deep sorrow...

PHENOMENON 27

Jumps out Cossack and, seeing the Goddess in the arms of the Hussar, immediately stops in front of them.

Cossack
What I see! Two friends got together.
Well, now I'll ask the question,
Why did she give her heart to someone else?
Hussar
Shut up, liar!
Cossack
If I'm a liar, then you're stupid!
Hussar
And if I'm stupid,
So you yourself are a complete fool!
Let's go into the open field to fight,
Amuse yourself with sharp swords!
Cossack
Fight!
Hussar
Defend yourself!
Cossack
I'm fighting!
Hussar
I'm defending myself!

Cossack knocks the saber out of the Hussar's hands.

Hussar (falling to his knees)
Have mercy!
Cossack
Die, you wretch!
(Kills Hussar.)

Hussar falls with his arms outstretched.

Cossack (shaking the saber)
This rusty weapon pierced the chest of the villain.
(Leaves.)
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 28

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and get the doctor here!
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.

PHENOMENON 29

Slowly walks out to the middle of the stage Doctor, in a short jacket, untucked trousers, a bowler hat on his head; long nose and long flaxen hair; in one hand there is a cane, in the other there is a bottle of medicine.

Tsar Maximilian
Is the doctor here?
Doctor
Here! What do you order, Your Imperial Majesty?
Tsar Maximilian
Through thick and thin
We need to resurrect the Hussar!
Doctor
I'll give you some gadgets
From the fortieth barrel.
I will send five hundred Tver, Spassky hundred to the next world,
And I will resurrect Hussar.
(Splashes on Hussar from the bottle. Hussar jumps up. Both, hugging, leave.)
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Speedy Field Marshal!

PHENOMENON 30

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable King Maximilian:
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring me my rebellious son Adolf!
Skorokhod
I will go and bring your disobedient son Adolf to you.

PHENOMENON 31

The same Adolf.

Tsar Maximilian
Listen, Adolf, my son,
This is the third time I'm telling you:
Trust our gods!
Adolf
I believe in one Lord God,
And your idol gods
I sword as I please
And I trample them into the dirt!
Tsar Maximilian
Ugh, you monster!
You are tormenting the royal parental heart!..
Speedy Field Marshal,
Bring Afonka the blacksmith here.
Skorokhod
I’ll go and bring Afonka the blacksmith here.

PHENOMENON 32

Appears on stage Blacksmith wearing an apron, with pliers in one hand, and a hammer in the other.

Tsar Maximilian
Afonka, is that you?
Afonka the blacksmith
I, Your Royal Majesty.
Tsar Maximilian
Shackle my rebellious son Adolf in chains weighing a hundred pounds, from his shoulders to his spurs.
Blacksmith
(takes Adolf’s hands and chains them; then, one by one, puts his feet on a stool and also chains them. The whole seed sings a song)
Along the wide street
The young blacksmith is walking;
He goes, he goes, he goes,
Sings a song with a whistle.
Choir (sings chorus)
Knock, knock, knock!
At ten in hand!
Let's hit, brothers, suddenly!
Love me, Parasha,
A dashing young man, a dashing, daring fellow
What about Afonka the blacksmith?
Choir (sings chorus)
If you love me
We will live happily
If you stop loving me,
You will walk around the world.
Choir (sings chorus)
Adolf
Holy mother, pure virgin!
Who came here
He laid heavy chains
From the shoulders to the very spurs -
I am exactly a robber or a thief!
Tsar Maximilian
Field Marshal, go and take my disobedient son Adolf to prison.
Skorokhod
I'll go and take it.

PHENOMENON 33

Comes to the middle of the stage Tsar Mamai, dressed in a long robe, wearing a crown, with crosses and medals on his chest. Two warriors Behind him they carry his throne, which is placed opposite the throne of King Maximilian. Mamai, having twirled around the stage a little, sits down on the throne.

the warriors stand in a semicircle, and Tsar Mamai, after running back and forth several times, stops in the middle of the stage and, waving his naked saber, begins his speech.
Where are you, my dear nephew,
Where are you, my faithful messenger?
Nephew (coming out from behind the throne)
Anything, dear uncle?
Mamai
Go, take a menacing note to Tsar Maximilian and ask him for precious gifts.

Nephew takes a note to Tsar Maximilian, who reads it, throws it on the floor and tramples it with his feet, and then passes another note to his Nephew.

Mamai The nephew takes it and, in turn, gives it to Mamai.
(after reading the note)
Ugh! What I see?
What do I hear?
Instead of precious gifts -
Bullets, cannonballs towards you,
Chasing the stones, Arrows at the sides;
His damask sword, -
And my head is off my shoulders.
I would have fought with you there.
No, no, that will never happen!
Take off your crown
Otherwise I'll knock you down myself,
I will enter the kingdom,
I will fill the hero
And I will take you, the damned Tsar Maximilian, prisoner
Tsar Maximilian
And I will torment you with an evil death!
(takes off the crown, puts it on the throne and, taking a saber from the pages, goes to fight with Mamai)
Or do you want it from my sword of death?
Mamai
I don't bother
And I want to fight with you!
Tsar Maximilian
Fight!
Mamai
Defend yourself!
Tsar Maximilian
I'm fighting!
Mamai
I'm defending myself!
Tsar Maximilian (sings a song)
The king said goodbye to the Golden Horde,
He came to the city of Onton,
He fought with the king himself there
And fell from a sharp sword.
(Suddenly he rushes at Mamai and kills him, along with his Nephew; then he sits back on the throne, puts on the crown and screams.)
Speedy field marshal.
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian.

PHENOMENON 34

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Introduce Markushka the grave-digger here immediately.
Skorokhod
I'll go and present it immediately.
(Turns and shouts over the heads of the audience)
Hey you, red-headed goblin,
Grave Cavalier,
You and the old woman will have a hard time
It's time to go to Rus'!..
(No one responds to the runner; after waiting a little, he continues.)
Markushka, go or something, you old devil,
The king himself is calling!
Markushka (from behind the stage)
Wait a little, the frills are tangled!
Skorokhod
You're lying, you old bastard, you've been feeling out the old woman!

PHENOMENON 35

The same Markushka.

Skorokhod
Here, Your Imperial Majesty, I dragged you out by force!
Markushka
Your death-defying high-you-can’t-jump,
How long will you continue to bother me?
You do your business here,
And you're just giving me away for nothing -
I won't go again for anything!
Tsar Maximilian
But you won’t go well,
So they will drag you away!
You see, there are two dead bodies lying here,
Take them away so that they don’t smolder above the ground...

Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 36

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring me my rebellious son Adolf.
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it!

PHENOMENON 37

The same Adolf.

Adolf
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling on Adolf’s son?
Or what deeds do you command?
Or has my sharp sword become dull?
Tsar Maximilian
Listen, Adolf,
Last time I'm telling you:
Believe my idol gods!
Adolf
I believe in the Lord God,
And your gods are to the sword in the mud
And I trample them with my feet!
Tsar Maximilian
Ugh, damn you!
Your crown will be lost
And the hereditary throne.
Executioner warrior,
Speedy Field Marshal!

PHENOMENON 38

Enters the stage Executioner in a red shirt, with a long sword on his shoulder, on his head a kind of military helmet.

Executioner
I'll turn from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Conqueror of the whole world,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling upon the Executioner Warrior?
Or do you command deeds?
Or has my sharp sword become dull?
Or have I done something wrong to you?
Tsar Maximilian
Warrior, my warrior,
Beloved warrior,
Go to a distant land,
To the borders of Jerusalem,
Beat and conquer the whole ugly class,
Beat and conquer the whole infidel class,
Who does not believe in our gods,
And cut off the head with your sword
To my disobedient son Adolf.
Executioner
I'm listening, Your Majesty!
(Addressing Adolf, he speaks.)
Adolf, ask the king for forgiveness.
Adolf
Forgive me, parent,
Destroyer of my soul!
Tsar Maximilian
Will not forgive!
Executioner, cut off the head quickly
To my rebellious son Adolf on the right side!
Executioner
I'm listening!
(To Adolf.)
Ask the king for forgiveness!
Adolf
He asked, but he didn’t forgive!
(Addresses Tsar Maximilian.)
Parent, allow me to at least say goodbye to the free world.
Tsar Maximilian
Say goodbye, but just quickly.
Adolf
Forgive me, dear father;
Forgive me, parent,
Destroyer of my soul!
Forgive me, my crown,
And the hereditary throne!
Farewell, my princess,
You know, we won’t see each other again!
Take revenge to my father,
Like a scoundrel!
I'll go into the damp earth
And I’ll take love with me!
Farewell to the east, farewell to the west,
Goodbye north, goodbye south!

PHENOMENON 39

Appears on stage Ambassador, dressed in a military uniform; over the uniform - a cape or cloak; Having entered the middle, the Ambassador bows on all four sides, and then addresses Tsar Maximilian with a speech. The Ambassador is followed two warriors.

Ambassador
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Let me say a few words!
Tsar Maximilian
Speak, Ambassador, speak!
Ambassador
I heard you are the king's son
Do you want to chop off your head?
On the right side, -
He was invincible for us
And we will not intimidate anyone:
He defeated many knights and heroes,
Turned cities and villages into ashes.
And I will help my friend, Adolf, out of trouble,
And let's go for a walk in the open field,
To beat knights and heroes.
Adolf
Eh, friends! All we, heroes, need is to lay down our lives better and braver. Defeat Tsar Maximilian's army and take him prisoner, tear him to pieces and put him to an evil death.
Ambassador
Let's break the wall and break him out of prison!
Hurray, comrades, follow me!

The ambassador and his retinue rush to Adolf, surround him and take him with them, but unexpectedly meet Anika the warrior.

PHENOMENON 40

The same Anika the Warrior.

Anika the warrior.
Ugh, ugh!
What I see?
Ugh! What I see?
They want to defeat our army,
Capture Tsar Maximilian
And put to evil death!
What are you, damned impudent Ambassador, giving orders and confusing the army and knights?
Ambassador
You won't see Adolf like your ears!
A crow flew in
Into other people's mansions
Fight!
Anika the Warrior
And she cawed!
Ambassador
Defend yourself!
Anika the Warrior
I'm defending myself!
I'm fighting!
Executioner
(Knocks the saber out of the Ambassador’s hands and kills him. The executioner runs up to Adolf, waving his naked saber.)
Hold on, sparrow,
Falcon flies WITH:
high mountains
The saber flashes like lightning,
Adolf's death calls.
Oh, dear friend Adolf,
You loved me and I loved you.
Well this rusty iron will pierce your chest,
It will pierce my zealous heart too.
Eh, friends!
You can not do it this way!
I didn’t see it
I haven't heard of it
That the king began to punish his children.
It must be the last time
So that the kings would execute their children!
Goodbye Adolf! Whom I love
That's what I'm cutting!
(Kills Adolf and addresses the audience.)
Eh, friends!
Eh, friends,
Who did I kill?
Or, better said, ruined -
You can call him a brother.
I myself don’t want to live anymore:
I will cut off the head of Anika the warrior
(Addresses Tsar Maximilian.)
I'll cut off my head
Look, evil tormentor, I’m dying because of you!
Tsar Maximilian
(Stabs himself.)
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

What's happened? Suicide?

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
PHENOMENA 41
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.

Go and get the doctor.

PHENOMENA 42 The same.

Tsar Maximilian
Doctor
Doctor
Doctor, resurrect this young man.
(examines the dead man in different manners, arousing laughter in the audience with his body movements, and reports to the king)
The young man died.
Lotions won't help either
From the fortieth barrel,
Neither powders nor ointments,
No healing mud.
Death is the very first grade,
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

And the devil took my soul long ago.

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
PHENOMENA 43
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it!
Skorokhod
Go and get Markushka the grave digger!
Markushka(from behind the stage)
Aw!
Skorokhod
Old devil, where are you?
Markushka(from behind the stage)
Off to the bite!
Skorokhod
What are you doing there, old devil?
Markushka(from behind the stage)
S...u
Skorokhod
Come here quickly, you old fool!
Markushka (from behind the stage)
What about the mail?
Skorokhod
Come quickly... the king is calling!
Markushka (from behind the stage)
Now, just wipe myself off,
I'll wrap myself
Yes, I’ll drag myself to you.

PHENOMENON 44

The same Markushka.

Skorokhod
Come quickly! The king is waiting!
Markushka
The bird is not big - your king will wait.
Markushka is needed everywhere...
And heat the bathhouse,
And keep your beard
And the old woman...
And go to the king.
Here I am,
Absolutely Maxim,
And a knapsack with him!
Wait a minute, I'll go
I'll ask the old lady
Don't think anything -
Are there six hryvnias?
To relieve your soul...
Skorokhod
(grabs old man Markushka by the collar and shakes him)
Will you go, old devil.....
to the king, or should I drag you?
Markushka
Now, now, father, I run and fall!
(Approaches the throne.)
O great lord,
Conqueror of the whole world,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Well, why are you calling Markushka?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Or my sword has become dull,
Or have I done something wrong to you?
Tsar Maximilian
And you, son of a bitch, why are you struggling? There is something to do with you here!
Markushka
What else is it?
Tsar Maximilian
And here lies a dead body,
Take it away so that it doesn’t smolder above the ground,
So that the sun does not heat,
So that the worms do not sharpen,
So that the devils don't steal it,
So that the jackdaws don't poop,
But our women did not cry.
Markushka
What will you give me for this?
Tsar Maximilian
I'll give you a coin.
Markushka
And I don’t even have a pocket!
Tsar Maximilian
Well, I'll give you a nickel
Otherwise you’ll remove it anyway.
Speedy field marshal, give the old man a hit in the neck.

Skorokhod carries out orders with great readiness.

Markushka
Okay, okay, don't be angry, I'll clean it up now.
(Takes a stick and sentences.)
We still need to measure ahead,
How big is the coffin to make?
(Measures the body with a stick, pokes the dead man in different places and sentences.)
One, two -
For firewood;
One two Three -
Wipe your nose;
Three four -
We jumped up;
One two three four five -
It's time to sleep!
(He clicks the dead man on the forehead with a stick, he jumps up and runs away, and gives Markushka a healthy slap in the ear.)
Markushka
Oh, oh!.. Father Tsar,
I got sick.
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 45

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
PHENOMENA 41
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.

PHENOMENON 46

The same Doctor.

Tsar Maximilian
Doctor!
Doctor
Here am I!
I am a doctor and healer,
From under the Stone Bridge, a pharmacist.
I can heal
I can drag
I can fly
I can also separate from white light!
I cut out living places
And I put the dead in their place,
Blood to the sword
Baba I'm flying,
I gouge out my eyes,
I tease my tits,
I can do anything.
Which one will you force?
Tsar Maximilian
Heal this old man for me.
Doctor
This minute, Your Majesty!
This old man
We need to take it by the sides,
Shake it twice
Yes, shove an aspen stake in the ass -
He will be healthy.
(Addresses the old man.)
Old man, what hurts?
Markushka
Head!
Doctor
Head? -
Shave her naked
Raise the skull
Yes, three thousand pounds... dump -
She will be healthy
Your head.
Old man, what hurts?
Markushka
All chubby!
Doctor
All chubby? -
Season with butt,
Scald with boiling water
Hit me three times with a birch log -
You will be healthy!
Old man, what hurts?
Markushka
Eyes!
Doctor:
Eyes? -
Give it alternate times
Split an eyebrow
Bleed out
M.... let me in
And let him go for a walk -
Your eyes will be healthy!
Old man, what hurts?
Markushka
Belly!
Doctor
Belly? -
You need to eat thirty-three watermelons,
A piece of dog meat
Two cat sausages,
Rooster and hen,
Yes, skip through the entire green street
Cavalry and infantry -
You'll be eager to eat!
Old man, what hurts?
Markushka
Back!
Doctor
Back? -
We need to supply three glasses of wine
Yes, pour it down your throat -
And you will live long!
Old man, what hurts?
Markushka
Legs!
Doctor
Legs? -
Cut them off at the door,
Put the crutches on,
Make you dance, you old devil!
Old man, what hurts?
Markushka
All healthy.
(Dances and sings.)
Go, hut! Go bake!
The hostess has nowhere to lie down!
Walk, floor and ceiling!
Damn he brought the Koryak!
Doctor
Cured the old man, Your Imperial Majesty.
Tsar Maximilian
Old man, are you okay?
Markushka
Hello, king.
(He dances squatting again and sings.)
Doctor
King, what will you give me for this?
Tsar Maximilian
General!
Doctor
You yourself are Pmiralov!
Tsar Maximilian
Well, Colonel.
Doctor
You yourself are a dead man!
Tsar Maximilian
Well, ensign.
Doctor
You yourself are a rag-picker!
Tsar Maximilian
Well, then, lieutenant.
Doctor
I'm a little better than you!
Tsar Maximilian
(angry, says to the guard)
Chase this fool away!

The doctors they push him out, he screams.

Doctor
Guard! Guard!

PHENOMENON 47

The same Goddess.

Goddess
And here I am, idol Goddess,
I walked through an open field,
She conquered many lands.
One is not conquered
Maximilian's land,
Yes, if I saw him too,
And then I would have taken him prisoner.
Tsar Maximilian
What I see?
Ugh! What I see?
(Jumps off the throne and begins to run around the stage.)
Some girl is walking in my kingdom
And he promises to take me, Tsar Maximilian, prisoner!
(Raises the saber over the Goddess’s head.)
Goddess
I myself, when I was young, didn’t think
I listened to someone else's mind.
Tsar Maximilian
And you wouldn’t listen to someone else’s mind!
Goddess
What do I need you for? good fellow, console?
Tsar Maximilian
Is this how you will console me?
That you will enter my royal mansions,
You will sit on my golden throne next to me.
Goddess
I agree, this is the will of the gods.
(He gives his hand to Tsar Maximilian, who leads her cheerfully to the throne and sings a song.)
Tsar Maximilian
The priest has been waiting for us in church for a long time
With the deacon, with the sextons.
The singer sings in chorus,
The temple is on fire...

PHENOMENON 48

The same Anika the Warrior.

Anika the Warrior
(Kills Adolf and addresses the audience.)
You can't live like that!
Touched my heroic heart
Because of some girl.
Maybe I wasn't a warrior.
Was I not a hero?!
There were two of us brother's relatives,
And the third comrade is a damask sword,
And my conscience was completely torn away.
I walked, walked through an open field,
I grabbed stars from the sky;
I was in Italy
I was still there;
I was in Paris
There was even closer;
I was also in Crimea,
I sat here on the stove, in the smoke, -
I didn’t find a healthy drink anywhere,
Not a submissive
No oncoming
Neither transverse
Who could I fight?
Converge with sharp swords!
(Walks around the stage, waving his sword.)

PHENOMENON 49

Appears on stage Death- a tall, thin figure, completely covered in white, with a braid on his shoulder; moving slowly, she approaches Anika the warrior;

Anika the Warrior
he backs away in horror.
What kind of woman are you?
Death
What kind of drunk are you?
I'm not a woman,
I'm not drunk -
Anika the Warrior
There was no one I met,
Neither transverse
And now the damned Death has arrived!
Death, my womb,
Give me benefits
For three years!
Death
No benefits for you
For three years!
Anika the Warrior
Death, my womb,
Give me benefits
At least for three months.
Death
No benefits for you
For three months.
Anika the Warrior
Death, my womb,
Give me benefits
For a three days.
Death
No benefits for you
For a three days.
Anika the Warrior
Death, my womb,
Give me benefits
At least for three hours.
Death
No benefits for you
And for three hours -
Here's my sharp braid!
(He cuts down Anika the warrior with his scythe. He falls dead. Death leaves as slowly as it came.)
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 50

The same Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Go and bring me Markushka the grave-digger.
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.

PHENOMENON 51

The same Markushka.

Markushka
O great lord,
Winner of the whole world
Why are you calling on Markushka the grave-digger?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Or has my sword become dull?
Or have I done something wrong to you?
Tsar Maximilian
It's up to you again, old devil, it's up to you:
Take away this dead body
So that it does not smolder above the ground,
So that the sun does not heat,
So that your nose doesn't run from the heat!
Markushka (with displeasure)
You'll have to roll around again...
They won’t even let you lie with the old woman.
(He approaches the dead body and pushes it in the side with the toe of his bast shoe.)
Hey you, yesyona-green, get up! The sun has already rolled out somewhere.
(Points to the sky with a stick, trying to hit someone.)
He doesn’t get up, apparently he really died.
(Addresses Tsar Maximilian.)
Yes, I'm afraid of him!
Tsar Maximilian
But I’ll tell you to roll in a hundred or two hundred
To the very place
Where do your legs grow from?
So all the fear will pass.
Markushka
Well, in blessing, I’ll trample,
I'll come for the money in the morning.
(He harnesses himself to the dead body and drags it off the stage.)
Tsar Maximilian
Speedy Field Marshal,
Appear before the throne
Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

PHENOMENON 52

The same and Speedy Field Marshal.

Skorokhod
I'll go back from right to left,
I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian.
O great lord,
Terrible Tsar Maximilian,
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?
Tsar Maximilian
Bring me an enlightened ruler to marry us with the Goddess. I want to get married.
Skorokhod
I'll go and get it.
Tsar Maximilian
But make sure you drive quickly - I can’t wait!

PHENOMENON 53

appear on stage Priest And Deacon.

Priest
The priest is wearing matting, draped over his shoulders instead of a robe; in his hands a bast shoe on a rope instead of a censer. A deacon in a long white robe.
Deacon
Deacon, deacon!
Priest
What, father?
Deacon
Go and bring me the crowned book.
Priest
Where is she, father?
In the old altar, on a shelf,
Deacon
Behind the tilicon, in the support.
Priest
Do you remember - we got drunk in a tavern!
Deacon
So bring at least a funeral note!
Priest
And at the funeral service they got drunk.
Deacon
Well, shut up, let's just leave. Read the Gospel.
During it,
When there was neither earth nor sky,
I walked through the city of Moscow,
I saw a big temple,
And faithful men sitting in it,
Holding the spell of wine measured -
Some for five, some for ten,
And I, a sinner, drank for twelve
And the drunk got drunk,
And he fell on his side.
Two robbers saw me
They grabbed me by the arms
And they put him on trial,
They started judging me
Why so drunk?
And they said: go into the world and create miracles!
Glory to you, mad beer,
Glory to you, honey,
Glory to you, suffering burner!
You suffered from the persecutor of the tormentor of the distiller,
You have passed through the fires and waters And scrape it all up,
copper pipes
And she came out, like Christ, clean,
Decorated with beads,
With precious stones,
Priceless pearls.
And now we come running to you with joy,
Pour full glasses
And we drink them dry,
We praise, we speak, we prophesy,
Priest
We're all about the burner.
DeaconNow go ahead and “figure it out”!
O-o-o-proki-i-i-nul!
Priest
What are you doing, you stupid head? Sing: “Thou hast laid...”
DeaconNow go ahead and “figure it out”!
You put a nickel on the counter
From the heart,
I'm begging for your belly,
And you gave me half a damask.

During this singing, the priest takes the hands of King Maximilian and the Goddess and begins to lead them around the throne.

Deacon
The waders are getting married,
Like oil workers!
Priest
Now bubble the stichera!
Deacon
As the Trinity was with Sergius,
My father had it with the abbot,
Y abbot was with the builder,
His own monastery is not a keeper,
His abode of the destroyer,
All the brethren of the disperser -
Let us all gather, brothers,
Let's go out of the monastery:
Let our father guess
He takes care of his own singing and teaching:
Let him supply us with oak vats,
Filled with green wine
And he will let go of the copper glasses,
Copper glasses, iron ladles,
And he will drink more than ever,
And then he will bring it to us.
As it was not at mass, not at matins,
Not a big bell rang, but on the right choir they sang:
“I have a headache because of a hangover!”
And on the left they grabbed:
"Light the candles,
Climb onto the stove
From the stove to the floor,
Bend your legs..."
Ugh! Not at all!
All
(they pick up in chorus and dashingly and sing a song)
Sun at sunset
Time to lose...
The girls sat down on the meadow,
Where is the ant and the flower,
Where we frolicked since the evening,
We had fun in a round dance,
In pleasant silence
Under the birch trees alone...

The general dance with which the whole performance ends.

1. Types folk dramas atic actions and theatrical games.

2. Genres of folk theater. Features of existence and execution.

2.1. Yuletide dressing up.

2.2. Sentences of farcical (carousel, pump-up) grandfathers.

2.3. Nativity scenes.

2.5. Petrushka Theater.

3. Folk drama as a genre of folklore.

4. Analysis of the dramas “The Boat” and “Tsar Maximilian”.

4.1. History of existence.

4.2. Plot.

4.3. Dramatic conflict.

4.4. Ideological pathos. The function of parody (imaginary deafness, tongue-tiedness, stupidity).

4.5. Character types. The meaning of costumes and attributes of actors.

4.6. Techniques for implementing metaphors, oxymorons, generalizations.

4.7. Language and style of speech self-characteristics of characters. The role of exit monologues (songs).

Texts and literature

Berkov P. N. One of the oldest recordings of “Tsar Maximilian” and “Gang of Robbers” // Russian folklore. M.; L., 1959. Issue. 4.

Vlasova Z. I. Buffoons and folklore. St. Petersburg, 2001.

Vsevolodsky-Gerngross V.N. Russian oral folk drama. M.; L., 1959.

Gusev V. E. Russian folk theater of the 17th - early 20th centuries. L., 1980.

People's Theater / Comp., intro. Art., prepared. texts and comments. A. F. Nekrylova and N. I. Savushkina. M., 1991. Series “Library of Russian Folklore”.

Nekrylova A.F. Russian folk city holidays, entertainment and spectacles. L., 1988.

Savushkina N.I. Russian oral folk drama. M., 1978. Issue. I; 1979. Vol. II.

Savushkina N. I. Russian folk theater. M., 1976.

Folklore theater / Comp., intro. art., preface to texts and comments. A. F. Nekrylova and N. I. Savushkina. M., 1988.

Children's folklore

1. History of collecting and publishing children's folklore.

2. Problems of studying children's folklore. Modern approaches in genre-species division and classification.

3. Folklore early childhood. Basic poetic genres.

4. Children's mythology and play folklore of children. Images, plot, originality of language.

5. Features of the existence of different forms of children's folklore in modern world. Interaction with mass culture and original creativity.

As you work through this question, think back to your own experiences from different periods of your life.

Texts and literature

Children's poetic folklore: Anthology / Comp. A. N. Martynova. St. Petersburg, 1997.

Loiter S. M. Russian children's folklore and children's mythology: Studies and texts. Petrozavodsk, 2001.

Lurie M. L. Children's modern joke // http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/luriem1.htm.

Melnikov M. N. Russian children's folklore. M., 1987.

Folk wisdom. Human life in Russian folklore. Vol. 1: Infancy, childhood. M., 1991.

Russian school folklore. From the “summonings” of the Queen of Spades to family stories / Comp. A. F. Belousov. M., 1998.

Tver children's folklore / Comp. L. V. Bradis, V. G. Shomina. Tver, 2001.

Folklore of the Tver province. Collection of Yu. M. Sokolov and M. I. Rozhnova. 1919-1926 / Ed. preparation I. E. Ivanova and M. V. Stroganov. St. Petersburg, 2003.

Chenchi-bachenchi: Children's play folklore of Verkhnekamye / Comp. S. V. Khorobrikh. Perm, 2001.

Cherednikova M. P. Modern Russian children's mythology in the context of facts traditional culture and child psychology. Ulyanovsk, 1995.

Ditty

1. Definition of genre.

2. Poetic form of ditties.

2.1. A ditty and a buffoon. Alogism of images and composition.

2.2. The role of repetition in a ditty.

3. Song form of a ditty.

3.1. Ditties to the tune apple:

Bolshevik, Bolshevik,

Where are you going?

You will get to the Haidamaks -

You'll eat the bullet;

3.2. Ditties to the tune barrels:

I'm sitting on a barrel

And there’s a bird on the barrel;

Cut, beat the Bolsheviks -

This is our habit

3.3. Ditties to the tune Semyonovny:

The accordionist sits

Smiling

Play Semyonovna

He likes.

3.4. Ditties to the tune gypsy girl:

You are an accordionist, an accordionist,

Go out into the clearing

You play and I will dance

Cheerful gypsy girl.

3.5. Ditties to the tune Saratochka:

You play, curly-haired guy,

I will burst out a cheerful song.

You play Saratochka,

Cheer up the little soldier.

4. The existence of ditties.

4.1. Chat songs and “verbal duels”.

4.2. Expansion of ditties into modern ritual folklore.

5. Thematic classification of ditties.

5.1. Love ditties.

5.2. “Topical” (political) ditties.

5.3. Nickname ditties, teasing ditties, abusive and proverbial ditties.

Texts and literature

Russian ditties / Prev. and selection of texts by N. I. Rozhdestvenskaya and S. S. Zhislina. M., 1956.

Chatushki in the records of Soviet times / Ed. preparation Z. I. Vlasova, A. A. Gorelov. M.; L., 1965.

Chatushki / Ed. L. A. Astafieva. M., 1987.

Chastushki / Comp., intro. article, prepared text and comments by F. M. Selivanov. M., 1990.

Russian ditty: Folklore collection / Comp. and the author of the introductory article is A.V. Kulagina. M., 1992.

Russian ditties / Comp. P. F. Lebedev. Saratov, 1998.

Stepanov V.I. Village gatherings and modern folk ditties // Ethnographic Review. 1903. No. 4.

Florensky P. A. Collection of ditties from the Kostroma province of Nerekhta district. Kostroma, 1909.

Simakov V.I. Collection of village ditties from the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Vyatka, Olonets, Perm, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Tver, Pskov, Novgorod, and St. Petersburg provinces. Yaroslavl, 1913.

Collection of Great Russian ditties / Ed. E. N. Eleonskaya M., 1914.

Knyazev V.V. Little ditties. St. Petersburg, 1913.

Knyazev V.V. Modern ditties 1917-1922. M., 1924.

Folklore of the Tver province. Collection of Yu. M. Sokolov and M. I. Rozhnova. 1919-1926 / Edition of preparations. I. E. Ivanova and M. V. Stroganov. St. Petersburg, 2003.

V. I. Simakov and folk art: Materials and research: Issue 3. Tver: “Marina”, 2006.

The drama "Tsar Maximilian" (sometimes Maximyan, Maksemyan) became widespread throughout Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma provinces, Russian North, Don, Terek, Ural, Siberia), Belarus (Minsk, Mogilev, Vitebsk province), Ukraine (Kiev, Chernigov, Podolsk, Kharkov, Kherson provinces), Moldova. It was played among soldiers, sailors, urban, workers, and peasants.

Several opinions have been expressed about the origin of this drama. The researchers are probably right who believed that the reason for its creation was the political situation of the early 18th century: the conflict between Peter I and his son Alexei and the execution of the latter. People also remember the murder of their son by Ivan the Terrible. The filicide could not but affect the attitude of the people towards the rulers. This helped spread the drama. It should also be taken into account that the people knew the spiritual verse “Kirik and Ulita”, in which, as in the drama, the cruel Tsar Maximilian demands that the baby Kirik renounce his faith in the Christian God. Kirik, like the hero of the drama Adolf, remains faithful to God.

A persistent search was made for the immediate source of the drama, but it was not found. There was probably no single source. At the same time, the play’s connection with the repertoire of the Russian city theater of the 17th-18th centuries is indisputable, as well as the influence on its text of translated stories (knightly novels) and their dramatizations of the same era, which has been proven by a number of researchers. However, no matter how diverse literary sources"Tsar Maximilian", what is essentially different is the connection of the play with Russian reality.

The drama is based on the conflict between the tyrant Tsar Maximilian and his son Adolf. Pagan father demands his son quit Christian faith, but he resolutely refuses:

- I am your idol gods

I put it under my feet,

I'm trampling in the dirt, I don't want to believe.

I believe in our Lord Jesus Christ,

And I kiss Him on the mouth,

And I keep His law.

Tsar Maximyan commands the prison guard.

- Go and take my son Adolfa to prison

starve him to death.

Give him a pound of bread and a pound of water.

Adolf in prison. Tsar Maximilian turns to Adolf three times with his demand, but he always refuses. Then the king calls the executioner Brambeus and orders Adolf to be executed.

The drama depicts the cruelty of Tsar Maximilian not only with his son. In one version, he, like King Herod, orders a warrior (here: Anika the warrior) to kill babies:

- Warrior, my warrior.

All the countries of Bethlehem descend,

Shoot down, cut down fourteen thousand babies.

You won't kill anyone else.

You will bring me alive.

Baba (Rachel) appears and asks the king:

- Why should my child?

To disappear innocently?

The king is inexorable:

- How shameful

When I sent a warrior

An armed warrior?

Warrior, my warrior,

Kill this baby

And drive this woman away!

A warrior kills a child. Rachel is crying...

Tsar Maximilian is opposed by his son Adolf. He boldly tells his father that he rode down the mother Volga and with a free gang, with robbers, he knew that he was their chieftain; orders the release from prison of a prisoner (restant), who was imprisoned by order of his father. In the drama, Adolf firmly defended his convictions, endured torture, went to his death, but did not betray his ideals, which aroused sympathy and sympathy. The executioner, having carried out the order of the king and killed Adolf, stabbed himself with the words:

Why I loved you

For that he cut off his head.

I am correcting the king's debt

And then I die.

The king's command to kill his son, the depiction of Adolf's execution, the executioner's suicide - tragic pictures. But the performance had to amuse the audience; a release was needed. A tradition has been established of introducing farcical, satirical and humorous episodes. These are the conversations of the Grave Diggers, the Tailor, the Doctor, even the Patriarch’s funeral service for Adolf’s body. A sharp satire on the clergy arose when depicting the wedding of Tsar Maximilian with the Goddess (the priest and deacon drank the wedding book in a tavern, and got drunk on the funeral book).

Researcher of folk dramas N. N. Vinogradov wrote about “Tsar Maximilian”: “Having appeared in the middle of the 18th century and passing from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation, this play inevitably underwent a wide variety of changes, shortened and lengthened at will. Having pleased the people, it gradually absorbed a whole series of individual scenes and small works of the same kind. As a result, in many versions a long series of individual scenes is obtained, a whole collection of diverse characters, a motley kaleidoscope of the most diverse positions is lost; general meaning plays, there is no unity of plot, only the unity of the title remains.

Here, for example, is the series of plots practiced in most of the not very common (in terms of volume) variants: 1) Maksemyan and Adolf (main); 2) Goddess and Mars; 3) Mamai; 4) Anika and Death; 5) Boat. Often they are not connected at all, sometimes the connection is purely mechanical. To these plots we still need to add a whole series of inserts in the form of individual comic scenes, either stable, permanent (doctor, tailor, gypsy, grave digger...), or random, sporadic (n-number); sometimes the play begins verté pom.

Gradually, the topic of the struggle for religious beliefs became less relevant - this made possible a satirical depiction of clergy, as well as church funeral and wedding rites. In 1959 in the Arkhangelsk region. a version of the drama was recorded in which the religious beliefs of father and son were not even mentioned. At the same time, the problem of tyranny and the fight against violence continued to worry viewers. In the drama "Tsar Maximilian" a replacement was made: the tsar demanded from his son not to betray his religious beliefs, but to marry a bride from the distant kingdom whom he found for him. Adolf refused to marry as resolutely as he refused to change his faith. And he was executed.

Sometimes the drama ended with the death of Tsar Maximilian himself, which could be perceived as punishment for cruelty and filicide.

The dialogue between Death and King Maximilian coincided almost word for word with the spiritual verse - the dialogue between Anika the warrior and Death.

Death (approaching the throne, addresses King Maximilian):

- Follow me!

Tsar Maximilian:

- Mashi, dear Death,

Give me at least three years to live,

To make money for me

And dispose of your kingdom.

- You won’t be given even three hours,

And here's my sharp braid for you.

(Hits him on the neck with a scythe. The king falls.)

The drama "Tsar Maximilian" is large in volume. It was often copied into notebooks and rehearsed before the performance. However, it also developed stereotypical situations, as well as formulas that contributed to the memorization and reproduction of the drama. These, for example, are scenes of fights, Adolf’s formulaic answers to his father (“I am tormenting your idol gods under your feet...”, etc.). Tsar Maximilian’s challenge to Skorokhod (or other actor) and the callee's report of arrival.

Tsar Maximilian:

— Skorokhod-Field Marshal,

Appear before the throne

Terrible Tsar Maximilian!

Skorokhod:

- I’ll go back from right to left,

I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian:

O great lord.

Terrible Tsar Maximilian,

Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?

Or do you command deeds or decrees?

Or has my sword become dull?

Or what have I, Skorokhod-Field Marshal, done to you?

In the quoted version of the drama, this report formula is repeated 26 times (Skorohod pronounces it 18 times, Markushka 3 times, Adolf and Anika the warrior 2 times each, Executioner 1 time).

To what has been said, it should be added that in “Tsar Maximilian” the same situations and common passages are encountered as in the drama “The Boat”. For example: Adolf - knew the hat of robbers; about the burial of a murdered person they say: “Remove this body so that it does not smolder above the ground...” - etc.

Thus, the drama "Tsar Maximilian" arose and developed under the influence of other folk plays, chivalric novels, popular prints, folk songs, and spiritual poems.

Zueva T.V., Kirdan B.P. Russian folklore - M., 2002

Drama "Tsar Maximilian" (sometimes Maximyan, Maksemyan) has become widespread throughout Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma provinces, Russian North, Don, Terek, Ural, Siberia), Belarus (Minsk, Mogilev, Vitebsk provinces), Ukraine (Kiev, Chernigov, Podolsk , Kharkov, Kherson provinces), Moldova.

It was played among soldiers, sailors, urban, workers, and peasants 3.

Several opinions have been expressed about the origin of this drama. The researchers are probably right who believed that the reason for its creation was the political situation of the early 18th century: the conflict between Peter I and his son Alexei and the execution of the latter.

People also remember the murder of their son by Ivan the Terrible. The filicide could not but affect the attitude of the people towards the rulers.

- This helped spread the drama. It should also be taken into account that the people knew the spiritual verse “Kirik and Ulita”, in which, as in the drama, the cruel Tsar Maximilian demands that the baby Kirik renounce his faith in the Christian God. Kirik, like the hero of the drama Adolf, remains faithful to God.

A persistent search was made for the immediate source of the drama, but it was not found.

There was probably no single source. At the same time, the play’s connection with the repertoire of the Russian city theater of the 17th-18th centuries is indisputable, as well as the influence on its text of translated stories (knightly novels) and their dramatizations of the same era, which has been proven by a number of researchers. However, no matter how diverse the literary sources of “Tsar Maximilian” may be, what is essentially different is the connection of the play with Russian reality.

The drama is based on the conflict between the tyrant Tsar Maximilian and his son Adolf. The pagan father demands that his son abandon the Christian faith, but he resolutely refuses:

I am your idol gods

And I keep His law.

Tsar Maximyan commands to the prison guard.

- Go and take my son Adolf to prison

starve him to death.

Give him a pound of bread and a pound of water 1 .

Adolf in prison. Tsar Maximilian turns to Adolf three times with his demand, but he always refuses. Then the king calls executioner Brambeus and orders Adolf's execution.

The drama depicts the cruelty of Tsar Maximilian not only with his son. In one version, he, like King Herod, orders a warrior (here: Anika the warrior) kill babies:

- Warrior, my warrior.

All the countries of Bethlehem descend,

WITHstrike, cut down fourteen thousand babies.

You won't kill anyone else.

You will bring me alive.

Baba (Rachel) appears and asks the king:

- Why should my child

To disappear innocently?

The king is inexorable:

- How shameful

When I sent a warrior

An armed warrior?

Warrior, my warrior,

Kill this baby

ANDdrive this woman away!

A warrior kills a child. Rachel is crying 1. .

Tsar Maximilian is opposed by his son Adolf. He boldly tells his father that rode down the mother Volga and withfree gang, with robbers, knew 2 , that he was their chieftain 3; orders the release of a prisoner from prison(restanta),

who was imprisoned by order of his father 4. In the drama, Adolf firmly defended his convictions, endured torture, went to his death, but did not betray his ideals, which aroused sympathy and sympathy.

The executioner, having carried out the king’s order and killed Adolf, stabbed himself with the words:

Behind

AND that I loved 5 .

For that he cut off his head. I am correcting the king's debt I'm dying myself The king's command to kill his son, the depiction of Adolf's execution, the executioner's suicide are tragic pictures. But the performance had to amuse the audience; a release was needed. A tradition has been established of introducing farcical, satirical and humorous episodes. These are the conversations of the Grave Diggers, the Tailor, the Doctor, even the Patriarch’s funeral service for Adolf’s body. A sharp satire on the clergy arose when depicting the wedding of Tsar Maximilian with the Goddess (the priest and deacon drank in a tavernwedding book, and on

Researcher of folk dramas N. N. Vinogradov wrote about “Tsar Maximilian”: “Having appeared in the middle of the 18th century and passing from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation, this play inevitably underwent a wide variety of changes, shortened and lengthened at will. Having pleased the people, it gradually absorbed a whole series of individual scenes and small works of the same kind. As a result, in many versions a long series of individual scenes is obtained, a whole collection of diverse characters, a motley kaleidoscope of the most diverse positions is lost; meaning of the play, there is no unity of plot, only the unity of the title remains. Here, for example, is the series of plots practiced in most of the not very common (in terms of volume) variants: 1) Maksemyan and Adolf (main); 2) Goddess and Mars;

3) Mamai; 4) Anika and Death; 5) Boat. Often they are not connected at all, sometimes the connection is purely mechanical. To these plots we still need to add a whole series of inserts in the form of individual comic scenes, either stable, permanent (doctor, tailor, gypsy, grave digger...), or random, sporadic (n-number); sometimes the play begins with verte pom 2.

Gradually, the topic of the struggle for religious beliefs became less relevant - this made possible a satirical depiction of clergy, as well as church funeral and wedding rites. IN 1959 t. in the Arkhangelsk region. a version of the drama was recorded in which the religious beliefs of the father and son were not even mentioned 3. At the same time, the problem of tyranny and the fight against violence continued to worry viewers. In the drama "Tsar Maximilian" a change was made: the tsar demanded from his son not to betray his religious beliefs, but to marry his bride from the distant kingdom,

which I found for him. Adolf refused to marry as resolutely as he refused to change his faith. And he was executed.

Sometimes the drama ended with the death of Tsar Maximilian himself, which could be perceived as punishment for cruelty and filicide.

Death The dialogue between Death and King Maximilian coincided almost word for word with the spiritual verse - the dialogue between Anika the warrior and Death.

- (approaching the throne, addresses Tsar Maximilian):

Follow me! Tsar

- Maximilian:

Masha, my dear Death,

Give me at least three years to live, To make money for me And dispose of your kingdom.

- Death:

- You don't even have one year to live.

You won't have time for even three hours,

(Hits him on the neck with a scythe. The king falls) 1 .

The drama "Tsar Maximilian" is large in volume. It was often copied into notebooks and rehearsed before the performance. However, it also developed stereotypical situations, as well as formulas that contributed to the memorization and reproduction of the drama. Such, for example, are scenes of fights, formulas-answers of Adolf to his father ( "I am your idol gods TerI'll put you under your feet..." etc.). Tsar Maximilian’s summons to Skorokhod (or another character) and the summoned person’s report of his arrival took on a stable form.

Follow me! Maximilian:

- Skorokhod-Field Marshal,

Ihang before the throne

GGpink king Maximilian!

Skorokhod:

- I'll go back from right to left,

I will appear before the throne of the formidable Tsar Maximilian:

O great lord.

Terrible Tsar Maximilian,

Why are you calling for the Field Marshal?

Or do you command deeds or decrees?

Or has my sword become dull?

Or I, Skorokhod-Field Marshal, in what before you

guilty? 1

In the quoted version of the drama, this formula of the report is repeated 26 times (Skorokhod pronounces it 18 times, Markushka 3 times, Adolf and Anika the warrior 2 times, Executioner 1 time).

To what has been said, it should be added that in “Tsar Maximilian” the same situations and common passages are encountered as in the drama “The Boat”. For example: Adolf - knew the cap of robbers; about the burial of the murdered man they say:"Remove this body so that there is no smoldered..." -

etc.