Presentation on extracurricular activities on the topic “children’s labor during the Great Patriotic War.” Labor feat of women in the rear during the Second World War

Today we will look at how the image of a heroic home front worker was displayed in the Soviet press during the Great Patriotic War

During the war, feats were accomplished not only on the military, but also on the labor front. Women and teenagers replaced men who went to the front.

There is a well-known statement by I.V. Stalin about home front workers: “Just as the Red Army, in a long and difficult one-on-one struggle, won a military victory over the fascist troops, the workers of the Soviet rear, in their single combat with Hitler’s Germany and its accomplices, won an economic victory over the enemy. The Soviet people denied themselves many necessities and deliberately went through material deprivation in order to give more to the front. The unprecedented difficulties of the current war did not break, but even more tempered the iron will and courageous spirit of the Soviet people. Our people have rightfully acquired the glory of a heroic people." . (Stalin I.V. Report at the ceremonial meeting of the Moscow Council of Workers' Deputies with party and public organizations of the city of Moscow on November 6, 1944).

Issue of the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" for January 1, 1942: "Everything for the front!"
“We will work better, more selflessly! All our strength is to defeat the enemy!”

The Soviet press strongly supported the labor feat of the people. “Everything for the front, everything for victory” , - there was a call from newspaper pages. And the people responded to him - movements of multi-machine operators and thousand-man operators developed throughout the country.

Multi-station operation was a variation of the Stakhanov movement and consisted in the fact that one worker serviced several machines at once. The movement began in 1939, with the outbreak of the war it began to gain momentum and by 1943 had reached great proportions: the number of multi-machine operators increased from 2000 to 3000 compared to pre-war times, and the number of machines they serviced from 5755 to 7426.

Thousanders movement arose during the war: workers, trying to help the front as much as possible, committed to fulfilling the plan 1000%! The initiator of the movement of thousanders was D.F. Barefoot is a milling machine operator at Uralvagonzavod, after which the plant workers addressed all workers of enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region: “...The Soviet Information Bureau spread the news of Bosogo’s first victory throughout the country - the news of how he completed a two-month task in four working days. The example of Comrade Bosogo was followed by dozens and then hundreds of Stakhanovites in the Urals... The movement of thousands of thousands is growing every day, giving more and more new examples of record labor productivity. We thousanders are workers just like everyone else. Any worker can learn to work the way we work. The secret of our success is simple. This is, first of all, an indomitable desire to work at the front, to give our heroic Red Army as much weapons and ammunition as possible...”(From the address of the participants of the Sverdlovsk regional meeting of Stakhanovites-thousanders to all workers, workers, engineering and technical workers of enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. May 17, 1942).

Such newspapers as “Pravda”, “Gorky Commune”, “Uralsky Rabochiy”, “Volzhskaya Kommuna”, etc. spoke about the movements of multi-station workers and thousand workers.

D.F. Barefoot - milling operator at Uralvagonzavod, initiator of the movement of thousand workers

In 1942, the column “Tribune of a Competitor” appeared in the Pravda newspaper - with this the newspaper supported and promoted the initiative of workers in the aviation, tank and metallurgical industries, which launched an All-Union competition for the best execution of orders from the front.

During the battle for Stalingrad, the newspapers “Stalingradskaya Pravda” and “Red Army” wrote not only about the exploits of the defenders of Stalingrad, but also about the heroic work of the Stalingrad workers who produced defense products. Journalists visited enterprises where weapons for victory were being prepared: workshops of tractor and shipbuilding factories, day and night they produced, repaired and sent the legendary T-34 tanks and artillery tractors to the front. Essays about labor exploits conveyed the idea that one can become a hero not only at the front, but also at the machine tool. “What have you done for the front?” - the newspapers addressed their readers.

Throughout the war, the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda in Stalingrad published lightning bolts that mentioned the names of workers who selflessly exceeded plans in factories.

Let us not forget about the Soviet rear workers - without their daily work, Victory would have been impossible, and their work can rightfully be considered a Feat

"Komsomolskaya Pravda in Stalingrad", 1944.

Article by V. Vasilyev about controller Reshetov, "Factory Truth" 1942

To organize the work of teenagers, even before the start of the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Labor Reserves was created in the USSR. It was engaged in mobilizing children and distributing them to vocational and factory schools. To ensure capacity, tuition fees for high school students were introduced. Those who did not have enough money to study had to go into “craft” and join the ranks of the working class.

During the war, children began to be drafted into enterprises, like adults into the army. At the Perm engine plant No. 19 named after. Stalin, which produced aircraft engines, employed about eight thousand teenagers at that time. Most were 14-16 years old, although some were younger: they were hired for auxiliary work from the age of 11.

My father and older brothers were taken to the front. My mother and I stayed in the village of Orlovo, Vologda region. In 1943, they brought me a summons to the labor front - to Perm,” recalls Ivan Shilov, who was mobilized to the plant at the age of 14. - Mom cried: “Where are they taking you, so little?” But she didn’t argue: she put two pairs of underwear, a mug, a spoon, three pairs of bast shoes and a bag of crackers in her bag - that’s all the ammunition. I saw my mother again only after the war, in 1946. She immediately clasped her hands: “Why haven’t you grown up since then, son?”

Canvas boots

Children were brought to Perm in trains, mainly from the Vologda, Ivanovo and Leningrad regions. Despite their age, they had to work like adults. The same Ivan Shilov once worked 29 hours straight. For this he was awarded a day's rest and a "commercial" lunch, which included soup, millet porridge, tea and two hundred grams of bread. Usually at the factory they fed him empty gruel, so the boy was very pleased with this encouragement.

The situation with clothes was no better. Children who came from far away had no one to turn to for help. They wore out what they brought from home.

In 1943, I was brought from the Vologda region to Perm, to an aircraft factory,” says Alexandra Belyaeva, who in peacetime became a deputy of the Perm City Council. - She worked as a turner. Often I didn’t even go home from the workshop - I spent the night right at the plant: in stokers, in the toilet on boxes. I remember my boots were canvas, with wooden soles. For good work I received normal shoes and material for the dress. What a joy it was...

The plant management understood that the workers, especially children, needed to be supported. That’s why they started sewing clothes and rolling felt boots right at the enterprise. Both were then distributed among those in need.

Frontline workers willy-nilly

- We worked 12-16 hours a day. It was very cold in the workshops, so we wore padded jackets all the time,” recalls Anna Titova.

Due to the harsh working conditions, many adults could not stand the stress and ran away. Even before the war, the USSR government decided to assign workers to enterprises, and fugitives were punished for “AWOL.” In 1941, out of the then 12 thousand workers of the Perm Engine Plant, four thousand were convicted of desertion, absenteeism and tardiness. Amnesty was announced to them only in 1945. Prisoners also worked in production during wartime. They were taken to the plant under escort along the central street of Perm. But such “specialists” were of little use. The people were desperate, they weren’t particularly afraid of anyone and they didn’t overwork themselves with work.

There was also little benefit from teenagers, although for a different reason. They had no professional skills and could only do menial work. Many were frail and weak - children, after all, and war is not your own mother, you can’t devour them. Some factory bosses drove such weak workers away: what is the use if the shaft alone weighs as much as 160 kilograms and teenagers, even after straining themselves, still cannot lift it? But besides them, there was no one to work.

According to the law, children under 16 years of age were required to work no more than six hours a day. The plant even issued an order regarding this matter. Director Anatoly Soldatov personally warned the shop managers and reminded them that teenagers should not be involved in overtime and night work. The order also stated that child workers had the right to one day off per week and 12 days of annual leave.

However, orders are orders, and aircraft engines were needed by the front like air. In addition, during the evacuation of industrial enterprises in 1941, it turned out that the Perm plant for a long time remained the only one in the USSR that produced engines for fighter aircraft. In addition, Shpagin submachine guns, mine fuses and fuses for Katyusha mortar rockets were produced here. It is clear that the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command demanded as much ammunition and aircraft engines as possible from the Permians. Issues of compliance with labor laws faded into the background.

Sweet reward

To enlarge a photo, click on it and then on the cross in the lower right corner.

But the director of the plant invited young advanced workers to his place. The first time this happened was on November 14, 1944. Fifty-two teenagers timidly entered the office of the strict leader. For this occasion, boys and girls were washed, combed, and in clean clothes.

Anatoly Soldatov, Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service, seated them at a wide polished table. He made a speech, treated him to tea and handed each of those invited a pair of felt boots, and in addition a large jar of canned fruit - jam, in other words.

In December, the director gathered another 95 teenagers, who exceeded the plan by 120-150 percent. Among them were mechanics, turners, inspectors, electricians... Everyone was also rewarded with jars of jam.

Unfortunately, now none of those who received the sweet bonus are alive. But their memories live in letters, now stored in the factory museum. Here is one of them - from former worker Alexander Aksenov:

“I was in a front-line brigade, and one day I managed to fulfill the quota by 570 percent,” he writes. “An article appeared in the factory newspaper: “A front-line father can be proud of such a son as Sasha Aksenov.” I was very happy and I sent my dad a note to the front, which made not only him, but also the commanders very happy - I even received a very warm letter from them. A few days after my success at work and a note in the newspaper, the guys and I were leaving the workshop, and a group of people met us - the bosses. Judging by the appearance, General Soldatov was with them. One of the boys called me loudly: “Aksenov! Go look at the general!” He heard and said loudly: “And I’m just going to look at Aksenov.” Soldatov kissed me, and after that he gave the command to feed us in the dining room. For such eternally hungry boys as us, this was not amiss ".

Verbatim

From the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 2, 1940:

"7. Grant the right to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR to annually conscript (mobilize) from 800 thousand to 1 million urban and collective farm youth males aged 14-15 years to study in vocational and railway schools, at the age of 16-17 years to study in factory training schools.

10. Establish that all graduates of vocational, railway and factory training schools are considered mobilized and are required to work for 4 years in a row at state enterprises at the direction of the Main Directorate of Labor Reserves under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, providing them with a salary at the place of work on a general basis."

From Order No. 433 of December 2, 1944 “On bonuses for newly hired workers at the plant”:

“Following the example of the young workers noted in the plant order No. 415 of November 14, 1944, the newly hired young workers show examples of Stakhanov’s work. For systematically exceeding daily shift assignments by 120-150 percent, express gratitude with entry into the work book and give bonuses gifts (one pair of felt boots and one can of canned fruit)."

Help "RG"

During the war years, Perm Order of Lenin Engine Plant No. 19 named after. Stalin produced 32,000 aircraft engines. They were installed on La-5FN and La-7 fighters. For excellent work in 1943, the enterprise was awarded the Banner of the State Defense Committee, which was left to the plant for eternal storage.

Photo document

Yuri Geiko, a journalist whose material about child labor in Perm at one time caused considerable public outcry:

“In 1983, I worked at Komsomolskaya Pravda and flew to Perm on instructions from the editors. Many of those sitting at this table were still alive. Nina Kotlyachkova (Fedosseva) said:

Where would we then buy such wealth? The contents of the cans were eaten in the youth town and divided among everyone. Each person only needed a few spoons. But even with them we were like drunk.

Everyone I met recalled that the jam was very sweet. But I found out that it was not jam, but an American compote - sour and completely without sugar. But it was impossible to convince them, wartime children, little workers of Victory.

Recently they have been spoken of exclusively as a social category. They list the privileges they are entitled to and periodically complain about the lack of benefits. However, to someone embittered, on the contrary, it seems that these ancient old men and women receive too much from the state, and in general they have prospered in this world. But to spite their ill-wishers, these middle-aged people are still here with us, although every year their number is inexorably decreasing. Who are they, home front workers?

Some terminology

Russian legislation includes persons in this category who worked in the rear for at least six months, which was confirmed in their documents. The definition of “home front workers” also includes those who were awarded orders and medals of the USSR for their labor activities during these years - this relieves them of the need to prove the fact of their work in another way.

A little arithmetic

The war against fascism ended almost 70 years ago. The same figure determines the average. In other words, the majority of those who were born at the end of the war are no longer alive. How many of them are left, those who were not only born earlier, but also could work during the war, forge, sparing no effort, a great victory?

Probably, those heroic women who, instead of the men who went to fight, went down into the mines or tried to plow the frozen Siberian soil in order to then bake bread for the fighting fighter are no longer in the world. For the most part, those who raised military factories, who, exhausted and half-starved, did not leave their machines for days in order to provide the army with weapons, also left this world. Most often, the definition of “home front workers of the Great Patriotic War” refers to children. More precisely, who was a child in those terrible years, but not just lived an ordinary child’s life (however, this was impossible then), but worked in factories, on state farms, in hospitals, trying to contribute to the common victory over the enemy.

About the features of teaching

In the Soviet Union, considerable attention was paid to the patriotic education of youth using the examples of heroic peers. Every Soviet schoolchild could, as they say, name at least a dozen names of pioneer heroes (Valya Kotik, Lenya Golikov, Zina Portnova, etc.) and tell in detail about their feat. After the collapse of the USSR, a lot changed: views on individual events, teaching methods, and she herself disappeared. Probably, a certain restructuring of views was really needed.

For example, who is he, is he really a hero? Or a traitor to his own family? Or just a snotty, unreasonable boy, entangled in complex adult games?

Schoolchildren need to talk about how childhood is not only carefree. It is important to tell that there were also such children - home front workers, whose contribution to the overall victory over the enemy was incommensurate with their small age and was truly enormous. If this lesson of history is not learned well, then there will continue to be a large number of embittered young thugs who bully and deceive older people. And later they will grow up to be adults, reproaching old veterans for their meager privileges.

By the way, about benefits

In the USSR, civilians working hard in the rear during wartime were called differently - war veterans (those who took direct part in the battles were called participants in the Second World War). By the end of the 80s, the total number of participants and veterans of the war had decreased so much that the difference in benefits provided to one or another category gradually disappeared. In 1985, former partisans who fought in the occupied territories were also counted as war veterans. Like direct participants in the battles of the Second World War, home front workers enjoyed certain and quite significant privileges. The list of these benefits and the procedure for receiving them were the same for all republics of the USSR.

And then what?

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, each of the former republics itself formulated its attitude towards veterans and made its own decisions about the privileges due to these people. The worst thing happened to those war veterans who found themselves in the territory. They not only lost all available benefits - the new authorities called the Soviet soldiers occupiers, and some of them even faced prosecution. In most other republics, no one disputed the heroism of veterans, but their standard of living was significantly reduced. Inflation, rising prices and rents, problems with medical care - all this has seriously affected the well-being and real opportunities of older people.

What about in Russia?

In Russia, the greatest merits of Soviet soldiers (home front workers) are not only not questioned, on the contrary, from year to year the significance of their feat is increasingly emphasized, and the victory over fascism itself is celebrated more and more magnificently each time. But behind this abundance of beautiful words and festive fireworks, have we forgotten those to whom, in fact, we owe this victory?

The few still living members of the labor front are offended. Although formally the definition of war veterans in Russian legislation is preserved for all persons who forged victory, the concept of “home front workers”, which appeared in 2000, significantly narrowed the benefits of the latter. In particular, a significant pension supplement has disappeared, as well as benefits in the provision of medical care and the purchase of medicines.

It would not be true to say that these people in Russia are not cared for at all - they are entitled to certain payments and other privileges. But a significant part of the benefits is provided not from the federal, but from the municipal budget, and its possibilities in different regions can vary significantly. And payments to veterans are not too large. Heroic work could well have been valued more expensively - the country would hardly have become poorer!

From memories

Historians and local historians rarely remember these people. They talk to them, ask about life in that difficult time, then publish memories of the war. What do veteran home front workers say?

Dozens of worker battalions worked on the approaches to the defensive lines of Stalingrad. A participant in one of them, A.V. Osadchaya, recalled how she and her friends had to work in difficult conditions, chiseling frozen ground, building anti-tank ditches. From the cold and poor nutrition, the young bodies froze and became covered with abscesses. We had to spend the night right there in chilly dugouts, and in the morning we had to go back to work because there weren’t enough workers. Another participant, M.P. Uskova, told how home front workers, in the brutal Stalingrad winter, washed their hands bloody, digging trenches and clearing snow drifts from the railway track.

Thousands of similar memories can be heard. The importance of what these people did is difficult to overestimate, just as it is impossible to imagine the severity of the trials they endured. In Samara in 1996, a monument to “Minor Home Front Workers 1941-1945” was erected. Grateful Samara." In this city, which during the war years was one of the main forges of the country, they are well aware of the contribution that ordinary children made to the common cauldron of victory.

Conclusion

When only social workers remember the elderly, and even those are forced to do so, it is very offensive. Old age is not a pause before death, but an inevitable stage of life, and it must be lived fully and with dignity. Older people have done a lot for the prosperity of society, younger generations owe them a lot, and decent people still try to repay their debts.

One of the important criteria by which a state is judged is whether it is good for old people. Unfortunately, neither Russia nor its neighbors - the countries of the post-Soviet space - can boast of special care for the older generation. As we see, this category of pensioners - home front workers - is not too spoiled. And in relation to them, to be indifferent and indifferent is simply criminal.

July 14, 1945, Stuttgart. Nikolai Pavlenko, the commander of construction unit No. 5, carries out the sentence on three of his subordinates. The execution of military personnel for looting was a common thing at that time, but the main thing is that Pavlenko himself has been wanted for desertion for 3 years. He was not given the rank of colonel, and DVR No. 5 is only a “screen” behind which stands a huge criminal organization. A criminal syndicate created by Pavlenko and operating during the Great Patriotic War.

In 1952, Voroshilov’s office received a complaint from Mogilev about regular non-payment of wages, deception, and recounts. Workers of military construction works No. 5 write about this in their letter. The unit commander was blamed for everything. A request was sent to the military prosecutor's office in Mogilev immediately. It turned out that there was no Internal Affairs Directorate No. 5. Inspections began, and it turned out that in the USSR, under the guise of an ordinary construction unit, a huge criminal organization of 300 people was working. Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia are branches of a criminal organization in each of these republics. Preliminary estimates indicate millions of rubles in damage. The founder is called former military builder Nikolai Pavlenko.

Childhood

Nikolai Maksimovich Pavlenko was born in 1908, into a large family of a miller. Born near Kyiv, in the village of Novye Sokoly. Nikolai's father was a hardworking and intelligent man, he built a farm, and there were two mills in it, and actively traded grain. After the revolution he becomes a class enemy, everything was taken away from him. Nikolai's father died during the years of collectivization from hunger. Nikolai forever remembered why his father died. Since then, he felt only anger and resentment towards the Soviet regime.

Having forged documents, in 1928 he became a student at the Kyiv Institute of Civil Engineering. Later, acquaintances offer him to become a foreman in the main military construction department. The work was not easy, but profitable. Nikolai understands this and leaves the institute to go to work. A few years later he is already heading a construction site in Minsk.

War time

As soon as the war begins, Pavlenko goes to the front as a volunteer. Nikolai was immediately appointed assistant engineer of the 2nd Rifle Corps with the rank of military technician 1st rank.

The problem of roads during wartime was catastrophic. Troops had to be transferred, and for this we needed roads, bridges and repair teams. By the beginning of the war, almost all construction units were pulled to the western border, and warehouses with tools were located 20 kilometers from the Polish border - and they were lost in the first days of the war.

As an experienced specialist, Pavlenko travels to the Kalinin region, where he will head a responsible area of ​​work under the jurisdiction of the airfield construction department of the western front. But Pavlenko never reached his destination.

First, in Kalinin, present-day Tver, he met his friends and decided to stay for a few days. At the same time, he met his future wife at the Main Post Office. Pavlenko decided to stay in Tver and marry Zinaida. He tells his wife and relatives that as a red officer, he is carrying out a secret mission at the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief. To legalize his position, he assembled a team of 10 people and several construction vehicles. Pavlenko knows how to restore bridges and roads, so he decided that he would do repairs. It was only necessary to hide the story of desertion.

Pavlenko meets a petty swindler who was engaged in making a stamp from a shoe heel. His name was Ludwig Rudnichenko. Pavlenko asked Rudnichenko to cut out “a section of military construction work” on the seal - and the problems with the documents disappeared. Pavlenko declared himself the commander of a non-existent unit, and appointed Rudnichenko as first deputy. All documents for the UVR members were made by Ludwig, and from that moment on Pavlenko was a military engineer of the 3rd rank, in fact a major in the Red Army. Nikolai receives forms of financial documents by hosting a feast at the Kalinin printing house.

Pavlenko continues to formalize the enterprise, bribes Sberbank employees and in return receives a personal account. He buys uniforms for the “private unit,” and the “officer unit” gets uniforms from the Kalinin garment factory. Pavlenko often used food products as a bribe.

Nikolai Pavlenko submitted a petition to the Commandant’s Office so that the soldiers who had been discharged from hospitals would be sent to him. Pavlenko’s staff is growing, and the UVR looks like a real construction unit: there are personnel, uniforms, official documents and a commander.

Pavlenko and the head of the evacuation point Bidenko conclude an agreement. The next day, Nikolai’s workers begin renovating the premises and building new dugouts. During wartime, the road construction organization was in great demand, and Pavlenko’s team has a growing number of orders for repair work.

In the spring of 1942, Nikolai Pavlenko began to receive his first profit. Pavlenko spends part of the money on food for the “private soldiers,” and divides the remaining money among the “officers” of the unit. For wartime, Pavlenko's DIA officers receive good money. The end of 1942 was the most successful for Pavlenko. The workers of the Department of Internal Affairs No. 5, who helped the army, were received with joy by the commanders of the active units. There was one more nuance: construction units appeared in the 30s in order to attract the labor reserves of prisoners for the construction of communism. They were entrusted to the NKVD. Nothing changed before the war, so road construction was not directly subordinate to the People's Commissariat of Defense. Within the NKVD there was the GUSHADOR department (main department of highway construction), which tried to take over all management of road construction. In 1942, GUSHADOR was disbanded, but they did not have time to form a new administration. There was a constant shortage of construction parts, so Pavlenko was not yet in danger of being exposed.

In November 1942, the Kalinin Front, where UVR No. 5 worked all the time, was reorganized. Pavlenko decides that he needs to move closer to the military operations - everything is orderly in the rear and there is almost no work, risks are growing and incomes are falling. Pavlenko gives a bribe to Colonel Tsyplakov, commander of the 12th air base region. From this moment on, the personnel of the military repair work site are on full pay. The situation for the UVR is advantageous: now it is necessary to service airfields, and they, as a rule, follow the front line.

DIA No. 5 was constantly under threat of exposure, but SMERSH (the “death to spies” organization) did not establish Pavlenko’s illegal actions.

Pavlenko managed to remain unnoticed for a long time, and, of course, without help “from above” this was impossible. Most likely, during the war Pavlenko had patrons in the rear.

In May 1945, the UVR stopped in Germany, in Stuttgart. Pavlenko makes acquaintances in the main rear department. His organization is tasked with collecting trophies, permission was obtained through a bribe. From the outside, everything that Pavlenko and his organization does is legal. But there are those in the Internal Affairs Directorate who prefer looting and rioting. Locals complain to the commandant of Stuttgart, and he calls Pavlenko. Nikolai understands that he is taking a risk and then he made a decision: with the help of a “military court” decision, to shoot those members of the brigade who were robbing people. The execution was public. This episode had a positive impact on his reputation.

Exposing the Internal Affairs Brigade

In 1946, Pavlenko makes a decision: the unit will be disbanded. They began to “fire” people, giving bonuses for victory and good work. From 7 to 12 thousand for ordinary personnel, from 15 to 25 thousand for officers. Pavlenko wrote out 90 thousand rubles to himself.

Two years later, Pavlenko again calls on the officers of the imaginary unit in order to create a new organization. Western Ukraine is chosen as the place to work. Pavlenko decides to strengthen precautions, because it is no longer war time. Yuri Konstantinov is placed at the head of the internal security service, which he organized. During work in the post-war period in the former Department of Internal Affairs No. 5, strict discipline was replaced by “family” relationships. We celebrated holidays, births of children, weddings and anniversaries together. But such a close relationship interfered with the common “business”. Ludwig Rudnichenko’s wife began to extort money, threatened to expose her, and then Ludwig himself came. On the night of November 14, 1952, an operation began to capture Nikolai Pavlenko’s team. 50 officers and 300 privates were detained, weapons, ammunition, cars and construction equipment were confiscated, official seals, stamps, forms, and certificates were confiscated. Pavlenko himself was arrested near Chisinau, at the main headquarters of the Ukrainian Internal Affairs Directorate. During the search, they found general's shoulder straps on him.

On November 16, 1952, Pavlenko and his associates were put in the pre-trial detention center of Butyrka prison. The punishment of the “plunderers” of socialist property was supposed to be a demonstrative matter. But on March 5, 1953, Stalin dies and an amnesty is expected, but not for Pavlenko. It took the investigation 2 years to describe everything that happened with the UVR over 10 years. The military tribunal of the Moscow military district accused Pavlenko on three counts: “undermining state industry,” “anti-Soviet agitation,” and “counter-revolutionary organization.” The investigation proved that Nikolai Pavlenko embezzled 36 million rubles. Pavlenko refused to admit guilt because he was sure that he only brought benefits to the Soviet Union by building roads. Pavlenko waited for the judges' leniency, but of the 17 people on his team, only Nikolai received the death penalty.
In 2011, based on the crime of Nikolai Pavlenko, the film “Black Wolves” was shot.