Download the presentation jazz with musical accompaniment. Presentation on the topic “Jazz

Slide 1

Slide 2

Jazz is a form of musical art that arose in the late 19th - early 20th centuries in the USA as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures and subsequently became widespread. The characteristic features of the musical language of jazz initially were improvisation, polyrhythm based on syncopated rhythms, and a unique set of techniques for performing rhythmic texture - swing. The further development of jazz occurred due to the development of new rhythmic and harmonic models by jazz musicians and composers.

Slide 3

History of the development of jazz. Jazz arose as a combination of several musical cultures and national traditions. It originally came from African lands. Any African music is characterized by a very complex rhythm; the music is always accompanied by dancing, which consists of rapid stamping and clapping. On this basis, at the end of the 19th century, another musical genre, ragtime, emerged. Subsequently, ragtime rhythms combined with blues elements gave rise to a new musical direction - jazz. The cradle of jazz was the American South and, above all, New Orleans. The peculiarity of the jazz style is the unique individual performance of a virtuoso jazzman. The key to eternal youth in jazz is improvisation.

Slide 4

Main currents. New Orleans Jazz The terms New Orleans and traditional jazz generally describe the style of musicians who performed jazz in New Orleans between 1900 and 1917, as well as New Orleans musicians who played and recorded in Chicago from about 1917 through the 1920s. years. This period of jazz history is also known as the Jazz Age. And this concept is also used to describe the music performed at various historical periods by representatives of the New Orleans revival, who sought to perform jazz in the same style as the musicians of the New Orleans school. Jelly Roll Morton

Slide 5

Swing. Swing is a direction of jazz music that is most widely represented in the performing practice of large orchestras. The term "swing" in jazz has several meanings. For example, if they say that there is no swing in a performer’s playing, then this usually means that the musician’s performance is devoid of intense beat pulsation - a wave-like movement that is created by the contrast of the beat and the off-beat, giving the impression of swing, or swing. In dance music terminology, this word sometimes refers to the tempo associated with the dance genre of the same name. As for professional jazzmen, to many of them such a genre division of their music seems meaningless and even harmful. Louis Armstrong

Slide 6

Bop. Bebop, bebop, bop (English bebop) is a jazz style that developed in the early to mid-40s of the 20th century and is characterized by a fast tempo and complex improvisations based on playing harmony rather than melody. Bebop revolutionized jazz, and boppers created new ideas about what music was. The bebop phase marked a significant shift in the emphasis of jazz from melody-based dance music to the less popular, more rhythm-based "musician's music." Bop musicians preferred complex improvisations based on playing chord progressions rather than varying melody. Bop was fast, sharp, and “cruel with the listener.” Max Roach Dizzy Gillespie Thelonious Sefir Monk

Slide 7

Big bands. The classic, established form of big bands has been known in jazz since the early 1920s. This form remained relevant until the late 1940s. The musicians who joined most big bands, as a rule, almost in adolescence, played very specific parts, either memorized at rehearsals, or from notes. Careful orchestrations coupled with large brass and woodwind sections brought out rich jazz harmonies and created a sensationally loud sound that became known as “the big band sound.” Benny Goodman Count Basie Artie Show

Slide 8

Mainstream. Many famous swing soloists, after concert performances in ball rooms, liked to play for fun at spontaneous jams in small clubs on 52nd Street in New York. Not accepting the innovative techniques of the upcoming bebop, these musicians adhered to the traditional swing manner, while demonstrating inexhaustible imagination when performing improvisational parts. The main stars of swing constantly performed and recorded in small lineups, called “combos,” within which there was much more room for improvisation. The style of this direction of club jazz of the late 1930s received the name mainstream with the beginning of the rise of bebop. Duke Ellington

Slide 9

Stride. Stride, full name in English. Harlem Stride (Piano), literally “Harlem Walker,” is a jazz piano style that developed mainly from ragtime, to which elements of classical piano music were added - arpeggios, scales, etc. The stride style originated in Harlem and Manhattan during the First World War. Its origins were due to the fact that pianists had to perform music every night, which required variety in the monotonous ragtimes and turning them into more virtuosic works. Louis Armstrong Benny Goodman

Slide 10

Cool jazz Cool jazz (also “cool jazz” - literal translation of the English cool jazz) is a style of modern jazz that emerged in the late 1940s on the West Coast of the United States, became widespread primarily among white bopper musicians and reached its greatest flourishing in 1960s. Miles Davis Chet Baker Bill Evans

Slide 11

Progressive jazz Progressive jazz, or simply progressive. The main difference of this genre is the desire to move away from the frozen cliché of big bands and outdated, worn-out techniques of the so-called. symphonic jazz, introduced in the 1920s by Paul Whiteman. Unlike boppers, progressive creators did not strive for a radical rejection of the jazz traditions that had developed at that time. They rather sought to update and improve swing phrase models, introducing into the practice of composition the latest achievements of European symphonism in the field of tonality and harmony. Miles Davis

Slide 12

Hard bop Hard bop is a jazz style that developed from bebop and cool jazz, incorporating elements of soul, church music (gospel) and blues. Followers of bebop and hard bop added a little more style to it in the form of modal jazz, in which the harmony of the structure of individual parts became even more free, but this usually manifested itself only when playing chords on the piano (including low tones). Thanks to this jazz period, instrumentalists were able to improvise with different modes of the scale. John Coltrane Art Blakey Charles Mingus

Slide 13

Soul jazz Soul jazz (English - soul) - soul music in the broad sense is sometimes called all black music associated with the blues tradition. It is characterized by its reliance on the traditions of blues and African-American folklore. Tempos ranged from slow to fast, but overall the music had an erratic, meandering character, with a sense of unhurriedness. To create a more exotic effect, performers sometimes used non-European scales (eg, Indian, Arabic, African) as a "modal" basis for their music. Jimmy Smith Ray Charles

Slide 14

Groove An offshoot of soul jazz, the groove style draws melodies with bluesy notes and is characterized by exceptional rhythmic focus. Sometimes also called "funk", groove focuses on maintaining a continuous, characteristic rhythmic pattern, flavored with light instrumental and sometimes lyrical embellishments. Works performed in the groove style are full of joyful emotions, inviting listeners to dance, both in a slow, bluesy version, and at a fast tempo. Shirley Scott

Slide 15

Free jazz Free jazz is a style of modern jazz music, which is characterized by a departure from the principles of tonal organization of musical material, blues chord progression, and traditional swing rhythms. The main emphasis is on freedom of improvisation (often in groups), a variety of expressive means, which allows the intellectual and sensory components of music to be reflected as fully as possible. Ornette Coleman Cecil Taylor

Slide 16

Creative The emergence of the “Creative” direction is marked by the penetration of elements of experimentalism and avant-garde into jazz. The beginning of this process partially coincided with the emergence of free jazz. Elements of the jazz avant-garde, understood as changes and innovations introduced into music, have always been “experimental.” So the new forms of experimentalism offered by jazz in the 50s, 60s and 70s were the most radical departure from tradition, introducing new elements of rhythms, tonality and structure. In fact, avant-garde music became synonymous with open forms, which were more difficult to characterize than even free jazz by Paul Bley Andrew Hill.

Slide 17

Jazz fusion Jazz fusion (also jazz-rock fusion, rock fusion or fusion; English fusion - fusion) is a musical genre that combines elements of jazz and music of other styles, usually pop, rock, folk, reggae, funk, metal, R&B, hip-hop, electronic music and ethnic music. Fusion albums, even those made by a single artist, often include a variety of these styles. Chick Corea Joe Zawinul

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Jazz is one of the musical styles of the 20th century that originated in the USA; Jazz is characterized by a large role of improvisation and complexity of rhythm. The characteristic features of jazz are the improvisational beginning, specific sound production on musical instruments, phrasing that differs from academic music, as well as a complex multifaceted rhythmic structure and intonation system.

The Europeans had no idea that, along with the slaves transported to the American continent, they brought there African musical culture, which is distinguished by its amazing attention to musical rhythm. In the homeland of Africans, music was an indispensable component of various rituals. Rhythm was of enormous importance here, being the basis of collective dance, collective prayer, in other words, collective ritual.

The characteristic features of African folk music are polyrhythm, rhythmic polyphony and cross-rhythm. African music is freer and has more room for improvisation. Together with black slaves, Europeans brought to the American continent what became the rhythmic basis of jazz music.

The role of European musical culture in the formation of jazz Europe introduced melody and harmony, minor and major standards, and a solo melodic principle into jazz.

The United States of America is the birthplace of jazz

Two opposing opinions Jazz appeared in the northern United States, where already in the 18th century, English and French Protestant missionaries began to convert blacks to the Christian faith. It was here that a completely special musical genre “spirituals” arose - these are spiritual chants that North American blacks began to perform. The chants were extremely emotional and largely improvisational in nature. Jazz subsequently arose from these chants. Jazz originated in the southern United States, where the vast majority of Europeans were Catholic. They treated Africans and their culture with particular contempt and disdain, which played a positive role in preserving the originality of African musical folklore. The African American musical culture of dark-skinned slaves was rejected by Europeans, which preserved its authenticity. Jazz was formed on the basis of authentic African rhythms.

The director of the New York Institute of Jazz Research, Marshall Stearns - author of the monograph "The History of Jazz" (1956) - showed that the situation is much more complicated. He pointed out that the basis of jazz music is the interpenetration of West African rhythms, work songs, religious chants of American blacks, the blues, African folklore of the past, the musical compositions of itinerant musicians and street brass bands.

Street Brass Bands After the end of the American Civil War, many brass bands were disbanded and their instruments were sold off. At sales, wind instruments could be purchased for practically nothing. Many musicians playing wind instruments appeared on the streets. The fact that jazz bands have their traditional set: saxophone, trumpet, clarinet, trombone, double bass is associated with sales of wind instruments. The basis is, of course, the drums.

New Orleans The city has an advantageous geographical location. These are favorable conditions for the synthesis of musical cultures. Even a special jazz style was formed, which is called New Orleans jazz. On February 26, 1917, the first gramophone record on which jazz music sounded was recorded here in the Victor studio.

In subsequent years, jazz turned from a marginal musical direction into a fairly serious musical movement that captured the minds and hearts of the general public on the American continent.

In the 20-30s of the last century, the city of Chicago, and then New York, became the center of jazz. This is connected with the names of the great jazz masters Louis Armstrong, Eddie Condon, Jimmy Mac Partland, Art Hodes, Barrett Deems and, of course, Benny Goodman.

Big bands became the basis of jazz in the 30-40s of the 20th century. The orchestras were led by Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Chick Webb, Benny Goodman, Charlie Barnett, Jimmy Lunsford, Glenn Miller, Woody Herman, Stan Kenton. The “battles of the orchestras” were a stunning spectacle.

JAZZ What is jazz Jazz is a form of musical art that arose in the late 19th - early 20th centuries in the USA as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures and subsequently became widespread. The characteristic features of the musical language of jazz initially were improvisation, polyrhythm based on syncopated rhythms, and a unique set of techniques for performing rhythmic texture - swing. The further development of jazz occurred due to the development of new rhythmic and harmonic models by jazz musicians and composers.

History of the development of jazz. Main trends Jazz arose as a combination of several musical cultures and national traditions. It originally came from African lands. Any African music is characterized by a very complex rhythm; the music is always accompanied by dancing, which consists of rapid stamping and clapping. On this basis, at the end of the 19th century, another musical genre, ragtime, emerged.

Subsequently, ragtime rhythms combined with blues elements gave rise to a new musical direction - jazz.

Having separated from the Olympia Band, Freddie Keppard's artists already in 1914 successfully performed in the best theater in Chicago and received an offer to make a sound recording of their performances even before the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, which, however, Freddie Keppard short-sightedly rejected.

Gymnasium No. 295 Chernyshova Lyudmila Viktorovna Completed by Maria Tokareva 6th grade student

MKOU Toguchinskaya school No. 4

What types of Jazz are there? New Orleans Jazz, Swing, Bebop, Big bands, Mainstream, Northeast jazz, Stride Kansas City Style, West Coast Jazz, Cool (Cool Jazz) Progressive Jazz, Hard Bop Modal jazz, soul jazz Groove, Free Jazz, Creative, Fusion, Postbop, Acid jazz, Smooth jazz,

Jazz-manush, Latin American jazz, Jazz in the modern world

By the early 1930s, Americans found themselves in an economic crisis. This crisis of 1929 led to the collapse of a large number of jazz ensembles, both continuing the traditional line (Dixieland, Chicago style), and many orchestras of the early jazz era. Mostly orchestras playing pseudo-jazz commercial dance music remained afloat. The next important step in stylistic development was made in the first half of the 30s, and it was made, at first, by white musicians. There was no revolution in music, it was an evolutionary process. The music known among black jazzmen was cleaned up, smoothed out and presented under the new name “swing” (English: “swing”). This is how managers tried to get rid of the slang word “jazz” that carried a certain negative (in the social sense) connotation.

Soul jazz Soul jazz ( English - soul soul

) - soul music in a broad sense sometimes refers to all black music associated with the blues tradition. It is characterized by its reliance on the traditions of blues and African-American folklore. Close relative hard bop 1950 , soul jazz is represented by small, organ-based mini-formations that emerged in the middle 1970 -x and continued to perform in -e. Based on blues And gospel songs

soul jazz music pulses with African-American spirituality. The full-bodied boogie-woogie style appeared at the beginning XX century due to the need to hire pianists to replace orchestras in inexpensive cafes like " honky tonk ”, in bars such as “barrelhouse” and other places where they entertained the public at parties and receptions. During this period, after the world became acquainted with the first recordings of " Original Dixieland Jazz", syncopated, energetic music began to come into fashion, called " jazz" In tune with this trend, the playing style of salon musicians, who had previously performed calm and quiet music, also changed. To replace an entire orchestra, pianists invented different ways of playing rhythmically. By that time, the performers had already become very popular ragtime, who were the first to use the so-called “stride piano” technique, when the left hand constantly jumps across the keyboard, playing either a bass note or the corresponding chord.