Live and remember my relationship to the wall. The tragedy of Walls in the work Live and Remember by V.G. Rasputin (School essays)

The story “Live and Remember” was written in 1974. In 2008, the work was filmed by director Alexander Proshkin. The main roles in the film were played by Daria Moroz and Mikhail Evlanov.

The main character of the story is a young woman named Nastya. The orphan was brought up in her aunt's house, not knowing any love or even just good treatment. From an early age, Nastya was forced to work hard so as not to be a freeloader in someone else’s house. When Andrei Guskov asked the girl to marry him, she accepted his proposal without hesitation. Nastya never loved her husband, but she was sure that in marriage she would find happiness, which she did not have in her childhood. For several years of living together, the Guskov family never had children. Andrei blamed his wife for this. Nastya constantly felt guilty.

The head of the family leaves for the front. A young wife receives letters from her husband. But one day a policeman and the chairman of the village council came to her. Andrei has gone missing and is suspected of desertion. When the ax disappeared from the bathhouse, the young wife immediately realized that her husband had returned home. After some time, the meeting of the spouses did take place. It seemed to Nastya like an obsession, a nightmare.

The superstitious woman was sure that the man she met in the bathhouse was not her husband, but a werewolf. Nastya doubted for a long time the reality of everything that happened at night, believing that she had only dreamed it all. Subsequently, Andrei explained to his wife that he was not a murderer or a traitor. He didn't commit any crime. The reason for his desertion was his too early discharge from the hospital. Guskov had to go back to the front, despite the fact that his treatment was not yet completed.

Andrei understands that his actions will be regarded by the authorities as one of the most terrible crimes, but does not want to correct the situation in any way. Nastya carefully hides the illegal return of her husband from her fellow villagers. The young woman still does not love her husband. A sense of duty forces her to lie. The long-awaited pregnancy becomes an unexpected joy for the Guskovs. For the sake of her husband and unborn child, Nastya is ready to endure even greater hardships.

A hopeless situation
Pregnancy brought more than just joy. The absence of a husband and the presence of a child can only mean one thing: Nastya cheated on Andrey. If this is not the case, it means that Guskov has returned, which, in turn, indicates his desertion. Nastya agrees to be considered an unfaithful wife if it helps save her husband.

A young woman faces hatred and contempt from those around her. Upon learning that the daughter-in-law is pregnant, the mother-in-law immediately kicks her out of the house. Despair leads Nastya to suicide. A young woman rushes into the Angara.

Nastena Guskova

Having not received love and affection in childhood, the main character dreams of her own family, where she would be the mistress. Nastya doesn't have time to wait for true love. She wants to leave her aunt's house as soon as possible and accepts a marriage proposal from an unloved man.

The main character trait of the main character is a feeling for a long time. Nastya knows that she must be married, must have children, must be a faithful and devoted wife to her husband. This is her purpose, and she does not see her life differently. When Andrei is in trouble, Nastya makes every effort to help him. The young woman still does not love her husband. But Andrei is her only close person whom she does not want to lose.

The dream of true happiness seems especially close to Nastya after she finds out about her pregnancy. Now she will have a full-fledged family, and she will no longer consider herself a flawed woman. But at some point the main character realizes that this time too happiness will pass by. The long-awaited child was conceived at the wrong time. It will bring sorrow instead of joy.

A sense of duty makes Nastya suffer severely. She fulfilled her duty to her husband, but at the same time betrayed her homeland. Seeing how funerals are brought to other families, Nastya reproaches herself for the fact that another woman became a widow instead of her. Her husband is alive only because other people's husbands died. This seems unfair to Nastya.

Finding herself in a hopeless situation, the main character sees the only solution to her problem. However, the author does not want Nastya to be considered a suicide. Trying to justify his heroine, he says that the young woman is simply very tired. She was looking for rest, not death.

Andrey Guskov

Unlike his wife, Andrei is not burdened with a sense of duty. He can easily be called an irresponsible person. Andrey lives for himself and for himself. He recognizes only his own truth. For the absence of children, the main character, first of all, blames his wife. He does not consider himself either a deserter or a traitor. Andrei ran away from the hospital because they wanted to send him to the front ahead of time. He was simply saving his life and was not going to betray anyone. Besides, he is just a peasant, not a warrior. Andrei was not born to kill other people.

Guskov selfishly accepts all his wife’s sacrifices, without even thinking about what suffering he is dooming her to with his actions. Having shifted all his problems to the weak, fragile Nastya, Andrey does what he considers necessary. His wife's suffering means nothing to him. She is a woman, her destiny is to endure. Despite the fact that his wife’s pregnancy only worsened the current situation, Andrei does not feel any remorse and does not blame himself for conceiving a child in such difficult circumstances. He finally got what he wanted for so long.

main idea

The desire to follow duty may not always be justified. The desire to constantly give for free is no less destructive than the constant desire to unrequitedly accept a sacrifice. By disturbing the energy balance, both the giver and the taker remain losers.

Analysis of the work

Valentin Rasputin presented the life of ordinary Russian people in his story. “Live and Remember” (a summary of this work is hardly capable of conveying the entire palette of feelings experienced by the characters) is not a unique story. There were many women and men like Nastya and Andrey during the Great Patriotic War.

The author does not condemn his heroes, does not pass harsh sentences on them. Nastya refused to hand over her unloved husband to the authorities. She wanted to be happy no matter what. You shouldn’t blame Andrey either. He was not born to kill and destroy. The mission of a simple peasant is creative work. Andrei does not consider himself a traitor because he always served his homeland in a different way: he cultivated the land, as his ancestors did. The main character is sure that it was not he who betrayed his homeland, but his homeland in some way betrayed him. He fought for a long time, was wounded and hoped for a vacation, during which he could be with his family and heal his wounds. But instead, Andrei will again have to go to the hated war.

The horrors of a bloodbath awaken in a person the instinct of self-preservation - one of the most ancient human instincts. The fewer chances for life a person has, the stronger his desire to stay alive.

“Live and Remember” is one of the most tragic works not only of Valentin Rasputin, but of all Soviet literature. The theme chosen by the author is remarkable, significant and dramatic - the story of a deserter and his wife.

What led Andrei Guskov to the idea of ​​escaping from the front, and Nastena to the fact that she became his accomplice? Why does Guskov gradually turn into a beast, and the innocent Nastena dies, tormented by guilt? In a word, what are the motives for the moral choice of the Guskov husband and wife?

Let's remember how we first encountered Andrei Guskov. He bursts into the bathhouse like something terrible, inanimate, scaring Nastena. What are the first words she hears from her husband? "Be quiet!" And he will repeat this word to her repeatedly throughout the story. So, from the very first pages the author maintains in us a disgust for Guskov. We perceive him as some kind of animal. And the further you go, the stronger this perception becomes.

At first, Andrei did not even think about desertion. Along with his comrades, he fought for three years. And all these years, the thought of his own salvation constantly lived in him, increasingly developing into fear for his life. The fact that the hospital where he was lying was located next to his house, the fact that he was not allowed to go on leave after recovery - all this pushed Andrei to take that step, the thought of which haunted him. But this is not at all the objective reason for his desertion. The reason is in himself, in his character. Selfishness, touchiness, and bitterness form the basis of Guskov’s character. And he strives for a wife only because he sees in her a breadwinner, a person who can provide him with everything he needs, at least for that semi-wild existence that he led in the winter hut. Guskov is initially lonely, so he is not afraid of the need to live hiding from people. He himself made this choice, deciding to live contrary to the laws of society. Often he looks for an excuse for himself, for example, thinking that his native land does not know about his betrayal, remembers and accepts him. He somehow forgets that (an amazing character trait!) that he himself betrayed this land and no longer has the right to consider it his own.

He treats Nastya the same way, trying to find an excuse for his guilt in her. He cares little about her feelings, worries, problems. So, when he finds out about her pregnancy, he is not even able to realize how many difficulties and suffering she will bring to Nastya. For him, the main thing is that “the blood will continue.”

We don't see anything attractive in Andrey Guskov. At first he resembles a goblin, and then completely becomes like a beast to such an extent that with his howling he drives away a wolf from his home. The scene of the killing of the calf, which is impossible to read without shuddering, shows to what degree of cruelty this man had reached. He himself took this wrong, dead-end path, at the end of which there is only death. Therefore, all the excuses he came up with seem pathetic. Having escaped from the front, Andrei wanted to save his life, but as a result he killed both himself and Nastena.

Nastena is a person strikingly different from Andrei. Not only is there no guilt on her, she is also a pure, honest, noble person. Why does she need this burden? The burden is almost unbearable, because she feels guilty for both of them. And why did she decide to help Andrei, against her conscience?

The most amazing thing is that Nastena’s self-sacrifice cannot be explained by reckless love. After all, it is clear that her attachment to her husband is explained more by habit than by passion. Nevertheless, she is ready to share the full burden of responsibility with Andrey. To some extent, she considers herself and Andrei to be to blame for the desertion, just as she previously blamed herself for not having children. It seems to her that perhaps she showed selfishness in waiting for Andrei for herself alone. Although it is most difficult to accuse Nastena of selfishness. It’s just that many noble people tend to exaggerate their shortcomings and underestimate their strengths.

Just as Andrei was pushed forward by fear for himself, so Nastya was pushed forward by fear for him and for the child. Andrey cannot even half feel the burden that befell Nastena. She lives among people. Not used to lying, after Andrei’s appearance she is forced to dodge in every possible way in front of his parents and neighbors. Even on Victory Day she feels alien, lonely, abandoned. All the women's husbands either died or must return. Her husband has “disappeared”, or rather, is cowardly hiding on the other side of the Angara.

The destiny of both Andrei and Nastena is only death (Rasputin does not show Guekov’s death, but one feels that it is not far off). The difference between their destinies is that Andrei himself chose a similar path, he himself became like a beast. Maybe that’s why he perceives everything so much easier and more primitively. No less than in desertion, it must be seen in the broken fate of Nastena. He knew in advance that she, noble, merciful, generous, would help him. He didn’t even think about how easy it would be to destroy her world, her harmony. She had no choice but to rush into the Angara. For Andrey, such an outcome is fair retribution. His "blood" should not be "continued". Who knows what is better for a child: not to be born or to bear the stigma of “the son of a deserter” all his life?

Does everyone understand how shameful it is to live when someone else in your place could live better?

V. Rasputin. Live and remember

V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember” is deservedly considered one of the best books about the war, which immediately after its publication in 1974 aroused keen interest not only among Soviet readers, but also very soon received European recognition.

“Live and Remember” is a book not only about the life of the main characters, Andrei Guskov and his wife Nastena, but also about the correlation of their destinies with the fate of the people in one of the dramatic periods of history. The depth of the problem raised, the philosophical understanding of the choice and, as a consequence, the actions of people, puts this book among the classic works about war.

The title of the story is associated with the statement of V. Astafiev: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in grief, in the most difficult days and trials: your place is with your people; any apostasy, whether caused by your weakness or lack of understanding, turns into even greater grief for your Motherland and people, and therefore for you.”

Two destinies are revealed to us in the story “Live and Remember”; we get the opportunity to follow the thoughts, feelings and actions of two people, penetrating deeply into the true motives of their actions.

At first Andrei Guskov had no intention of deserting; he honestly went to the front and was a good fighter and comrade, earning the respect of his friends. But the horrors of war and injury sharpened the egoism of this man, who put himself above his comrades, deciding that it was he who needed to survive, to be saved, to return alive at all costs. Guskov really hoped that he would be sent home from the hospital, but fate decreed otherwise: he was again called to combat positions. Fear of death and an incredible desire to see his wife and relatives (at least for one day!) push Andrei to escape. No, he had not yet betrayed anyone by action, because he expected to turn around in two days and return to the front. But unaccounted for circumstances made Guskov’s journey much longer than he expected, and he decided that this was fate, there was no turning back. Forced to hide in the forest from people, Guskov gradually loses all the human, good beginning that was in him. Only anger and irrepressible egoism remain in his heart by the end of the story; he is only concerned about his own fate. He doesn’t even think that he is pushing his wife to commit a crime before her own conscience and before people; in his future child, Guskov sees only a continuation of himself, and not an independent person who, due to his father’s selfishness, will never be born. And the last thing that bothers Andrei Guskov is that he betrayed his land, his Motherland, abandoned his comrades in arms in a difficult moment, depriving, in Rasputin’s opinion, his life of its highest meaning. Hence Guskov’s moral degradation, his savagery. Having left no offspring and having betrayed everything dear to him, he is doomed to oblivion and loneliness; no one will remember him with a kind word, because cowardice combined with cruelty has been condemned at all times.

Nastena appears before us completely differently, not wanting to leave her husband in trouble, voluntarily sharing the guilt with him, accepting responsibility for someone else’s betrayal. Helping Andrei, she does not justify either him or herself in the human court, because she believes: betrayal has no forgiveness. Nastena’s heart is torn into pieces: on the one hand, she considers herself not entitled to abandon the person with whom she once connected her life in difficult times. On the other hand, she suffers endlessly, deceiving people, keeping her terrible secret, and therefore, suddenly feeling lonely, cut off from the people.

Nastena is a moral ideal in Rasputin's story, because she finds the strength to sacrifice her happiness, peace, her life for the sake of her husband. But realizing that by doing so she breaks all ties between herself and the people, Nastena cannot survive this and tragically dies.

And yet, the highest justice triumphs at the end of the story, because people understood and did not condemn Nastena’s actions. The image of Guskov evokes nothing but contempt and disgust, since “a person who at least once steps on the path of betrayal follows it to the end.”

War... It not only caused terrible consequences, but also had a strong impact on every aspect of human life, including literature. During the peaceful years after the victory, writers and poets tried to comprehend the war, and their views developed: over time, works began to appear that illuminated those pages of the war that had not been discussed before. One of these works is the story “Live and Remember” by Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin, which raises the topic of desertion and talks about the tragedy of a Russian woman.

The main character of the story is a village woman, Nastya, who has a broad soul and the ability to sincerely sympathize and empathize. She is kind and merciful, loves to work and lives according to her conscience, which is probably why Andrei Guskov chose her. They, like the whole village, lived in labor, in work, but did not have children, which was their great misfortune. However, the measured life was interrupted by the war, and Andrei Guskov left his family to protect his homeland.

Andrei went through almost the entire war, but at the beginning of the cold, victorious spring, deeply hoping for leave and not receiving it, he went not to the unit where he was supposed to, but to his native Atamanovka. He faced a moral choice, and having made it, he separated himself from the entire country, from the victorious people. And this choice is much more bitter and difficult than death from an enemy bullet.

In the village, Andrei decides to open up only to Nastya, realizing that he cannot live without her, thereby depriving her of all peace and exposing her to attack. Now Nastena is forced to live, constantly fighting with herself: to lie and hide, which destroys her system of relationships with the world, with people who were everything to her. Andrei’s bestial nature, which manifested itself from the very first meeting of the hero with Nastena, gradually takes over him, which is reflected both in the hero’s behavior and in his appearance. Andrey goes wild and finds new excuses for his crime. Even in Nastya’s long-awaited pregnancy, which now does not cause her the same joy that it could have caused in peacetime, he sees the benefit of his escape. The egoist in the hero speaks more and more loudly, he degrades and turns into someone whom even Nastya cannot save.

Andrei destroyed Nastena, but he will pay for what he did to the highest degree: his life will not continue, he dies as a person. The main blow fell on the heroine; she is the ethical center of the story. Nastena’s tragedy is that all her best qualities were aimed at sympathizing with the criminal, the deserter. And this story is not about a deserter, as A. Ovcharenko noted, but about Nastya, “about a Russian woman, great in her exploits and in her misfortunes.”

Modern literature provides the richest material for understanding moral issues. Today our conversation is about V. G. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember.” The story “Live and Remember,” written in 1974, stands out from a number of other works by the writer. Readers were shocked by the brightness, strength, and acuteness of her characters’ experiences. But they explained the meaning of the story in different ways.

With all the drama of Andrei Guskov’s fate, it is not he who occupies the main attention of the author, but Nasten. Her image is larger, it shakes our imagination. If Nastena is emotionally highlighted in the story, therefore, it is with this image that the author associates some deep-seated problems.

- The question arises: what did Nastya do that was so extremely important that the writer, for the sake of understanding this, puts her in the foreground of the story, relegating to the background a person of such a terrible fate as Andrei Guskov? — Nastya saves her husband who is in trouble. “She stresses him physically and mentally, helps him survive. — Don’t you think that this answer needs clarification? It is very important to fully expose the depicted situation in order to clearly imagine all its drama. The fact is that Andrey is not just a respectable family man, Nastya’s husband, who needs support. He is a man who committed a crime. And here Rasputin poses Nastya, and after her the readers, with the most difficult question: does every person have the right to sympathy? Or, as indicated in the title of the topic of our lesson: is “mercy towards the fallen” always justified? Let's first try to reflect on common-life material, based on our own experience.

At the same time, we must keep in mind that we have the opportunity to be guided in assessing this or that action not only by legal laws (as it should be at a court hearing). We must also take into account moral laws. To do this, it is extremely important to understand the internal motives of Nastena’s actions, to understand the logic of her emotional impulses. What motivates Rasputin's heroine. Perhaps this is a concern for one’s own well-being, that is, motives of an egoistic nature?

— The main character’s thoughts refute such an assumption: “So how can I refuse it now? It is absolutely necessary not to have a heart, but instead of a heart to hold a steel scale, weighing out what is profitable and what is unprofitable. Here from someone else. even if he is thrice unclean, you simply cannot brush him off, but he is yours, dear. If not God, then life itself united them in order to keep them together, no matter what happened, no matter what misfortune befell them. “How to get him out of this trouble. how to live in order to help without making mistakes, without getting confused? Whatever happens to him now, she is responsible”; “Guilty - who says it’s not guilty! - but where can we now get the strength to return him to the place from which he jumped to the wrong place where he was supposed to jump? Nastya's thoughts indicate that, saving Andrey. she is not concerned with selfish interests. There is a deep meaning in her action.

— Imagine: there is a cruel, terrible war going on, as they say, not for life, but for death. Streams of blood are flowing in the world. Individual human life is devalued. And under these conditions, somewhere in the Russian outback. in a distant corner of Siberia. a weak, defenseless woman rises for this. in order to protect just one person from death, not physical, but moral, despite the general bitterness. This is a task of incredible complexity. And not only personal. This is a national task. Nastya is well aware of her responsibility to people: “Whether it’s fate or higher than that, but it seemed to Nastya. that she has been noticed. separated from the people." The story repeatedly emphasizes Nastya’s connection with her native, “human” world. What way out of this situation does she see?

— “For so many years Nastya was tied to the village. to home, to work, she knew her place, she took care of herself, because something was attached to her too. pulled together into one whole. And suddenly, all at once, the ropes loosened - they didn’t come off completely, but they weakened.” The most important thing here is the heroine’s awareness that “... she, too, was holding something together, pulling it together into one whole.” This means that Nastena is part of this whole, which can be called people’s life. And she is afraid to break it.

— For Nastya, life without people is impossible. That is why she is so acutely worried about “breaking ties with the world of people,” because she is in a position between her fellow villagers and Andrei. The meaning of all her actions is an attempt to return Andrei to people. This is confirmed in the text of the story: “My mother said a long time ago: there is no guilt that cannot be forgiven. They're not people, are they? When the war ends, we'll see. Or you can go out to repent, or something else.”

— For the sake of saving Andrei, Nastya is ready for any hardship: “Andrei... Maybe we won’t do this, let’s go out? I would go with you anywhere, to whatever penal servitude you want - wherever you go, there I will too...” And how do we find out about the attitude of the second himself towards Nastya? The author does not give direct assessments, but through popular opinion he expresses his attitude towards Nastya and her actions. This is manifested in the ending of the story: “And on the fourth day Nastya washed ashore not far from Karda. They reported to Atamanovka, but Mikheich was dying, and Mishka the farmhand was sent to fetch Nastena. He delivered Nastya back in the boat, and having delivered, he, like a master, intended to bury her in the cemetery of drowned people. The women didn't give it. And they buried Nastya among their own people, just on the edge, near a rickety fence.

After the funeral, the women gathered at Nadya’s for a simple wake and cried: I felt sorry for Nastya.” In this “Nasten felt sorry for her understanding of her actions and compassion. Behind this attitude is the opinion of Rasputin. He himself admitted: “I am inclined to accept Nastena’s death not as a victory of evil in this case, but as a severe test of the moral law, when they demand from him: “Give up”; and through tears and agony he said, “I can’t.” Through the fate of his heroine, Rasputin showed that self-sacrifice requires complete dedication and selflessness. The writer is convinced that the ability to self-sacrifice is the most capacious human quality, the highest in its value. The act of a person who consciously sacrifices his life in the name of saving another person is a manifestation of the highest justice and always deserves moral justification. This is the meaning of the central motive of the story “Live and Remember.”