Where and how Oblomov studied. What was Oblomov's education like? Oblomov's primary education

05.08.2021

Introduction Childhood Oblomov Education Oblomov Conclusion

Introduction

In the novel "Oblomov" Goncharov for the first time in Russian literature described such a destructive social phenomenon as "Oblomovism", depicting it on the example of the life of the protagonist of the work - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. The author not only showed the negative impact of “Oblomovism” on the fate of Oblomov and the people around him, but also outlined the origins of the phenomenon, which lie in obsolete, based on feudal norms and values, upbringing and education of Oblomov.

Childhood

Oblomov

The author acquaints us with Oblomov's childhood and adolescence in the ninth chapter of the first part - "Oblomov's Dream". The hero was born into a classic old landlord family living in a remote picturesque corner - the village of Oblomovka. Little Ilya grew up in an atmosphere of love and excessive guardianship, any of his whims was momentarily fulfilled, any desire was tantamount to law. And if the child tried to independently explore the world, took up some business, then the parents immediately dissuaded him from any manifestations of labor, arguing that there were servants for work.
The inhabitants of Oblomovka also did not really like to walk - any activity was alien to them, except for caring for food, love for which was a special cult on the estate. In general, Oblomovka lived in an atmosphere of laziness, idleness, half-asleep boredom and silence, they were not used to working here, and any work was considered a punishment and they tried in every possible way to avoid it. The measured life of the Oblomovites was interrupted only by the change of seasons and rituals - weddings, funerals, birthdays.

The pacifying, quiet nature, whose sleep was not disturbed by either the grandeur of high mountains, or the violence of the noisy sea, or violent wind storms or downpours, contributed to the perception by little Ilya of just such a measured, calm, passive way of life, where someone always does everything for him. the other, without disturbing the tranquility of incessant laziness.

A special place in the upbringing of Oblomov was played by fairy tales and legends that the nanny told little Ilya. Inspiring, fantastic stories about omnipotent heroes ignited the boy's imagination, who began to imagine himself as one of those fabulous, always winning heroes. And the already adult Oblomov, realizing that the nanny's stories were just fiction, sometimes unconsciously sad that "why is a fairy tale not life, but life is not a fairy tale", he dreamed of beautiful princesses and that distant world where you can lie on the stove until a good wizard will do everything for you.

Oblomov's education

Living in Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich adopted from his relatives the basic science of life - he does not need books and education, as his father and grandfather did not. The repetitive, ritual-based life of the Oblomovites did not require special knowledge, everything that was needed was passed from parents to children from the very cradle. It was in such an atmosphere of complete indifference to new knowledge, seeing them as an optional and unnecessary aspect of human life, that Oblomov's attitude to education was formed.
On big holidays or in bad weather, the parents themselves left the boy at home, believing that the school could always wait.

School lessons were a real torment for Ilya, and he just continued to sit there evenly, carefully following the speech of the teacher - in fact, the hero did not understand why he needed all the baggage of knowledge given at school, nor when he would need it in life . And the main question that Oblomov asked as a teenager was that if a person must first study for a long time and then work hard - when is he destined to live a full life? It seemed unnatural to Ilya to read many books and learn a lot of new things, for him it was hard and incomprehensible.

However, collections of poetry became the only outlet for Oblomov. From early childhood, sensitive to the beauty of nature, poetic, reflective, Ilya found in poetry ideas and worldview close to him - only poetic terms awakened in his heart the activity and activity inherent in his close friend Andrei Stolz. However, even the most interesting books did not completely capture Ilya Ilyich, he was in no hurry to read them one by one, enriching his mind with new knowledge and discoveries, sometimes being too lazy to finish reading even the first volume, interrupting reading with the need to go to sleep or eat. Even the fact that Oblomov nevertheless graduated from school, and then took a course of science in Moscow, rather speaks of the obedience and lack of will of the hero, who listened to his parents in everything and did not want to independently manage his own destiny. For Ilya Ilyich, it was easier when someone decided everything for him, and it was enough for him only to obey someone else's will.

Conclusion

In the novel Oblomov, Goncharov portrayed the tragic fate of a man whose life drama originates in an incorrect, obsolete upbringing. The active, reflective nature of Oblomov is mired in the swamp of Oblomov's traditions and norms, which literally kill the active principle of the hero's personality.

The problem of Oblomov's upbringing in the novel "Oblomov" does not end with the death of the main character, remaining a sharp stumbling block for the Russian bourgeoisie of the 19th century, who do not want to change the usual, old norms for raising children. Moreover, the issue of “Oblomov’s” upbringing remains open in our time, exposing the destructive influence of overprotective parents on the lives of their children.

parental care

Ilyusha, of course, was the son of caring parents who tried to ensure that the precious child received everything easily, without difficulty, without making any effort. The boy was not even allowed to pick up what he had dropped, he was not allowed to dress himself. In the parental home, work was considered a real punishment. For the good revered food and

The boy was taught to give orders to the servants. Initially, of course, he strove to do something himself, but very quickly realized that it is much easier if others do everything for you.

By nature, this child was mobile, but his parents did not allow him to run, frolic, as they were very afraid that the boy would catch a cold or fall. Cherished by parental love, Ilyusha gradually lost the strength that was given to him by nature.

Oblomov's primary education

Although Ilya Ilyich's parents were indifferent to the sciences, they sent him to study at a small boarding school in the village of Verkhlev, located five miles from their native estate. His education began there, with Ivan Stolz. So he studied until the age of fifteen.

It was a formality for the parents, they simply believed that having a diploma would contribute to the rapid promotion of their precious son. Having sent the boy to a boarding school, the mother and father tried in every possible way to avoid Ilyusha from overstraining with the teachings. For the most insignificant reasons, caring parents left him at home, so Ivan Stolz, an energetic teacher, could do very little for the development of Ilya Oblomov.

University of Moscow

After much deliberation, the parents sent their son to study further. He entered the faculty of law at Moscow University. So the education of Oblomov continued.

Since the parents could not "take care" of their son in Moscow in the same way, he undoubtedly received much more knowledge there. His disputes with Stolz carry the ideas of humanism expressed by the famous professor Nadezhdin.

It should be noted that Oblomov initially studied with enthusiasm, he was inspired by the ideas of Goethe and Byron, but then he lost interest in learning.

He ceased to understand why science was needed, he often asked himself the question of when he would live. By life he meant rest and enjoyment. Ultimately, he abandoned science. After that, the real "life" began - the time of lying on the couch and idleness. That, perhaps, is all that is said in the novel about Oblomov's education.

Summing up, it should be noted that the environment in which Ilya Ilyich's childhood passed did not favor his enthusiasm for any serious activity in adulthood. Any work was considered by him as something negative. Almost always, Oblomov studied for show, that is, to get a certificate. Being a naturally gifted person, he could not realize himself in life. So, we see that Oblomov's education in the novel "Oblomov" had a formal character.

In the novel "Oblomov" Goncharov for the first time in Russian literature described such a destructive social phenomenon as "Oblomovism", depicting it on the example of the life of the protagonist of the work - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. The author not only showed the negative impact of "Oblomovism" on the fate of Oblomov and the people around him, but also outlined the origins of the phenomenon, which lie in obsolete, based on feudal norms and values, upbringing and education of Oblomov.

Childhood Oblomov

The author acquaints us with Oblomov's childhood and adolescence in the ninth chapter of the first part - "Oblomov's Dream". The hero was born into a classic old landlord family living in a remote picturesque corner - the village of Oblomovka. Little Ilya grew up in an atmosphere of love and excessive guardianship, any of his whims was momentarily fulfilled, any desire was tantamount to law. And if the child tried to independently explore the world, took up some business, then the parents immediately dissuaded him from any manifestations of labor, arguing that there were servants for work. The inhabitants of Oblomovka also did not really like to walk - any activity was alien to them, except for caring for food, love for which was a special cult on the estate. In general, Oblomovka lived in an atmosphere of laziness, idleness, half-asleep boredom and silence, they were not used to working here, and any work was considered a punishment and they tried in every possible way to avoid it. The measured life of the Oblomovites was interrupted only by the change of seasons and rituals - weddings, funerals, birthdays.

Oblomov's education

Living in Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich adopted from his relatives the basic science of life - he does not need books and education, as his father and grandfather did not. The repetitive, ritual-based life of the Oblomovites did not require special knowledge, everything that was needed was passed from parents to children from the very cradle. It was in such an atmosphere of complete indifference to new knowledge, seeing them as an optional and unnecessary aspect of human life, that Oblomov's attitude to education was formed. On big holidays or in bad weather, the parents themselves left the boy at home, believing that the school could always wait.

Conclusion

The problem of Oblomov's upbringing in the novel "Oblomov" does not end with the death of the main character, remaining a sharp stumbling block for the Russian bourgeoisie of the 19th century, who do not want to change the usual, old norms for raising children. Moreover, the question of "Oblomov" education remains open in our time, exposing the destructive influence of overprotective parents on the lives of their children.

Artwork test

Oblomov and Stolz

Stolz - Oblomov's antipode (Principle of antithesis)

The whole figurative system of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is aimed at revealing the character, essence of the protagonist. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the couch, dreaming of transformations and a happy life with his family, but doing nothing to make dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolz is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, five miles from Oblomovka. In the first two chapters of the second part there is a detailed account of the life of Stolz, of the conditions in which his active character was formed.

1. Common features:

a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and he is already over thirty”);

b) religion;

c) studying at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verkhlev;

d) service and quick retirement;

e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;

e) kindness to each other.

2. Various features:

but ) portrait;

Oblomov . “He was a man of about thirty-two or three years of age, of medium height, of pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence: any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.

«… flabby beyond years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by the matte, too white color of the neck, small plump hands, soft shoulders seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, when he was even alarmed, were also restrained softness and laziness not devoid of a kind of grace.

Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fat roundness ... "

Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.

b) parents, family;

Oblomov's parents are Russian, he grew up in a patriarchal family.

Stolz - a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). “Stolz was only half German, according to his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian ... ". The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but the Russian environment of Stolz interfered.

c) education;

Oblomov passed "from embraces to embraces of relatives and friends", his upbringing was of a patriarchal nature.

Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov’s fables and disassembled the warehouses of Telemachus.”

When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, forced him to work. Then Stoltz began to send his son to the city with instructions, "and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, made a mistake."

Upbringing, like education, was ambivalent: dreaming that a “good bursh” would grow out of his son, the father in every possible way encouraged boyish fights, without which his son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart”, Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from, and every time young Stlz returned with lessons learned.

From his father, he received a “labor, practical education”, and his mother introduced him to the beautiful, tried to put a love of art and beauty into the soul of little Andrei. His mother "in her son ... dreamed of the ideal of a gentleman," and his father taught him to work hard, not at all lordly work.

d) attitude towards studying in a boarding house;

Oblomov studied "out of necessity", "serious reading tired him", "but the poets touched ... to the quick"

Stolz always studied well, was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school

e) further education;

Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until the age of twenty, then graduated from the university.

Stolz Brilliantly graduated from the university. Parting with his father, sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly fulfill his father's advice and go to an old friend of Ivan Bogdanovich Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reinhold. Such autonomy and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov lacks so much.

f) lifestyle;

“Lying at Ilya Ilyich’s was his normal state”

Stolz has a thirst for action

g) housekeeping;

Oblomov did not do business in the village, received an insignificant income and lived in debt.

Stolz serves with success, retires to pursue his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia.

h) life aspirations;

Oblomov, in his youth, "prepared for the field", thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded social activities from his dreams, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends.

Stoltz, chose an active principle in his youth ... Stoltz's ideal of life is unceasing and meaningful work, it is "the image, content, element and purpose of life."

i) views on society;

Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead, sleeping people”, they are characterized by insincerity, envy, a desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means, he is not a supporter of progressive forms of housekeeping.

According to Stolz, with the help of the construction of “schools”, “marinas”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “fragments” should turn into well-maintained estates that generate income.

j) attitude towards Olga;

Oblomov wanted to see a loving woman who could create a serene family life.

Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries in their active alliance, full of work and beauty, to imagine an ideal family, a true ideal that fails in Oblomov's life: “worked together, had lunch, went to the fields, played music< …>as Oblomov also dreamed ... Only there was no drowsiness, despondency with them, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no languid look, no word; the conversation did not end with them, it was often hot.

k) relationship and mutual influence;

Oblomov considered Stolz his only friend, able to understand and help, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.

Stolz highly valued the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz is doing everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also turned out to be on top: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the intrigues of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who tricked Oblomov into signing a fake loan letter.

Oblomov is used to living at the behest of Stolz in the smallest matters, he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stolz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, and Oblomov is in no hurry to follow the advice of Stolz: their concept of life, work, and application of forces is too different.

After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes on the upbringing of Oblomov's son, Andryusha, named after him.

m) self-esteem ;

Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.

m) character traits ;

Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.

Stolz is active, sharp, practical, accurate, loves comfort, open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was "afraid of every dream". Happiness for him was constancy. According to Goncharov, he "knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive ...".

The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.

Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.

Stolz in Goncharov's novel was assigned the role of a person who could break Oblomovism and revive the hero. According to critics, the vagueness of Goncharov's idea of the role of "new people" in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. As conceived by Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not portray the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stoltz was, what he achieved. Showing the Parisian life of Stolz with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero

So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and the complete opposite of the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who will be able to tell us this almighty word “forward!” in a language understandable to the Russian soul. Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a "man of action" in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stoltz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.

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The period of childhood and the events that happened to us during this period of development significantly affect the formation of a person's personality. The life of literary characters, in particular, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, does not become an exception.

Oblomov's native village

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spent all his childhood in his native village - Oblomovka. The beauty of this village was that it was far from all settlements, and, most importantly, very far from large cities. Such solitude contributed to the fact that all the inhabitants of Oblomovka lived, as it were, in conservation - they rarely went anywhere and almost no one ever came to them.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the novel by Ivan Goncharov “Oblomov”

In the old days, Oblomovka could well be called a promising village - canvases were made in Oblomovka, delicious beer was brewed. However, after Ilya Ilyich became the owner of everything, all this fell into disrepair, and over time Oblomovka became a backward village, from which people periodically ran away, since living conditions there were terrible. The reason for this decline was the laziness of its owners and the unwillingness to carry out even minimal changes in the life of the village: “Oblomov, as he accepted the estate from his father, passed it on to his son.”

However, in Oblomov's memoirs, his native village remained a paradise on earth - after his departure to the city, he never came to his native village again.

In Oblomov's memoirs, the village remained, as it were, frozen out of time. “Silence and imperturbable calm also reign in the morals of people in that region. There were no robberies, no murders, no terrible accidents; neither strong passions nor daring undertakings excited them."

Oblomov's parents

Childhood memories of any person are inextricably linked with the images of parents or educators.
Ilya Ivanovich Oblomov was the father of the protagonist of the novel. He was a good person in his own right - kind and sincere, but absolutely lazy and inactive. Ilya Ivanovich did not like to do any business - his whole life was actually devoted to the contemplation of reality.

They put off all the necessary things until the very last moment, as a result, soon all the buildings of the estate began to collapse and looked more like ruins. The master's house did not pass such a fate, which was significantly skewed, but no one was in a hurry to fix it. Ilya Ivanovich did not modernize his economy, he had no idea about factories and their devices. Ilya Ilyich's father liked to sleep for a long time, and then look out the window for a long time, even if nothing at all happened outside the window.

Ilya Ivanovich did not strive for anything, he was not interested in earning money and increasing his income, he also did not strive for personal development - from time to time his father could be found reading a book, but this was done for show or out of boredom - Ilya Ivanovich had everything It’s like reading, sometimes he didn’t even really delve into the text.

The name of Oblomov's mother is unknown - she died much earlier than her father. Despite the fact that in fact Oblomov knew his mother less than his father, he still loved her passionately.

Oblomov's mother was a match for her husband - she also lazily created the appearance of housekeeping and indulged in this business only in case of emergency.

Oblomov's upbringing

Since Ilya Ilyich was the only child in the family, he was not deprived of attention. Parents spoiled the boy from childhood - they overprotected him.

Many servants were assigned to him - so many that little Oblomov did not need any action - everything that was necessary was brought to him, served and even dressed: “If Ilya Ilyich wants something, he just has to blink - already three -Four servants rush to fulfill his wish.

As a result, Ilya Ilyich did not even dress himself - without the help of his servant Zakhar, he was absolutely helpless.

As a child, Ilya was not allowed to play with the guys, he was forbidden all active and outdoor games. At first, Ilya Ilyich ran away from home without permission to play pranks and run around to his heart's content, but then they began to look after him more intensely, and escapes became at first difficult, and then completely impossible, so soon his natural curiosity and activity, which is inherent in all children, faded away, its place was taken by laziness and apathy.

Oblomov's parents tried to protect him from any difficulties and troubles - they wanted the child's life to be easy and carefree. They succeeded in completely accomplishing this, but this state of affairs became disastrous for Oblomov. The period of childhood quickly passed, and Ilya Ilyich did not even acquire elementary skills to adapt to real life.

Oblomov's education

The issue of education is also inextricably linked with childhood. It is during this period that children acquire elementary skills and knowledge about the world around them, which allows them to further deepen their knowledge in a particular industry and become a successful specialist in their field.

Oblomov's parents, who took care of him so intensely all the time, did not attach importance to education - they considered it more of a torment than a useful occupation.

Oblomov was sent to study only because receiving at least an elementary education was a necessary requirement in their society.

They also did not care about the quality of their son's knowledge - the main thing was to get a certificate. For the pampered Ilya Ilyich, studying at a boarding school, and then at the university, was hard labor, it was “a punishment sent down by heaven for our sins,” which, however, was periodically facilitated by the parents themselves, leaving their son at home at a time when the learning process was in full swing.