Pyotr Grinev was born in the Simbirsk village (essay about him). His parents are Prime Major Andrei Petrovich Grinev and Avdotya Vasilievna Yu. Even before Peter was born, his father enrolled him in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant. The boy was on leave until the end of his studies, but it was conducted extremely poorly. The father hired Monsieur Beaupre to teach the young master French, German and other sciences. Instead, the man learned Russian with the help of Peter and then everyone began to do their own thing: the mentor - to drink and walk, and the child - to have fun. Later, the boy's father kicked Monsieur Beaupre out of the yard because he was pestering the maid. No new teachers were hired.

When Peter turned seventeen, his father decided that it was time for his son to enter the service. However, he was sent not to the St. Petersburg Semenovsky regiment, but to Orenburg, so that he could smell gunpowder and become a real man, instead of having fun in the capital. Stremyanny Savelich (his characterization), who was granted the uncle Peter when he was still a child, went with his ward. On the way we made a stop in Simbirsk to buy the necessary things. While the mentor was solving business issues and meeting with old friends, Peter met Ivan Zurin, the captain of the hussar regiment. The man began to teach the young man to be a military man: to drink and play billiards. After this, Peter returned to Savelich drunk, cursed the old man and greatly offended him. The next morning, the mentor began to lecture him and tried to persuade him not to give back the lost hundred rubles. However, Peter insisted on repaying the debt. Soon the two of them moved on.

Chapter 2: COUNSELOR

On the way to Orenburg, Pyotr Grinev was tormented by his conscience: he realized that he had behaved stupidly and rudely. The young man apologized to Savelich and promised that this would not happen again. The man replied that it was his own fault: he should not have left his ward alone. After Peter’s words, Savelich calmed down a little. Later, a snowstorm overtook the travelers and they lost their way. After some time we met a man who told us which way the village was. They drove off, and Grinev dozed off. He dreamed that he returned home, his mother said that his father was dying and wanted to say goodbye. However, when Peter came in to him, he saw that it was not his dad. Instead, there was a man with a black beard who looked at him cheerfully. Grinev was indignant, why on earth would he ask for a blessing from a stranger, but his mother ordered him to do so, saying that this was his imprisoned father. Peter did not agree, so the man jumped out of bed and waved his ax, demanding to accept the blessing. The room was filled with dead bodies. At that moment the young man woke up. Later, he connected many events of his life with this dream. After resting, Grinev decided to thank the guide and gave him his hare sheepskin coat against Savelich’s will.

After some time, the travelers arrived in Orenburg. Grinev immediately went to General Andrei Karlovich, who turned out to be tall, but already hunched over with old age. He had long white hair and a German accent. Peter gave him a letter, then they had lunch together, and the next day Grinev, by order, went to his place of service - to the Belogorsk fortress. The young man was still not happy that his father had sent him to such a wilderness.

Chapter 3: FORTRESS

Pyotr Grinev and Savelich arrived at the Belogorsk fortress, which did not inspire a warlike appearance. It was a frail village where disabled people and old people served. Peter met the inhabitants of the fortress: captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, his wife Vasilisa Egorovna, their daughter Masha and Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin (his image is described), transferred to this wilderness for murder in a duel with a lieutenant. The guilty military man first came to Grinev - he wanted to see a new human face. At the same time, Shvabrin told Peter about the local inhabitants.

Grinev was invited to dinner with the Mironovs. They asked the young man about his family, talked about how they themselves came to the Belogorsk fortress, and Vasilisa Egorovna was afraid of the Bashkirs and Kyrgyzs. Masha (her detailed description) had been shuddering from gun shots until then, and when her father decided to fire a cannon on her mother’s name day, she almost died of fear. The girl was of marriageable age, but her dowry included only a comb, a broom, an altyn of money and bath accessories. Vasilisa Egorovna (female images are described) was worried that her daughter would remain an old maid, because no one would want to marry a poor woman. Grinev was prejudiced towards Masha, because before that Shvabrin had described her as a fool.

Chapter 4: DUEHL

Soon Pyotr Grinev got used to the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, and he even liked life there. Ivan Kuzmich, who became an officer from the children of soldiers, was simple and uneducated, but honest and kind. His wife ran the fortress as well as her own home. Marya Ivanovna turned out to be not a fool at all, but a prudent and sensitive girl. The crooked garrison lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich did not at all enter into a criminal relationship with Vasilisa Yegorovna, as Shvabrin had said before. Because of such nasty things, communication with Alexei Ivanovich became less and less pleasant for Peter. The service did not burden Grinev. There were no inspections, no exercises, no guards in the fortress.

Over time, Peter liked Masha. He composed a love poem for her and let Shvabrina appreciate it. He strongly criticized the essay and the girl herself. He even slandered Masha, hinting that she visited him at night. Grinev was indignant, accused Alexei of lying, and the latter challenged him to a duel. At first the competition did not take place, because Ivan Ignatich reported the intentions of the young people to Vasilisa Yegorovna. Masha admitted to Grinev that Alexey was wooing her, but she refused. Later, Peter and Alexei fought a duel again. Because of Savelich’s sudden appearance, Grinev looked back, and Shvabrin stabbed him in the chest with a sword.

Chapter 5: LOVE

On the fifth day after the accident, Grinev woke up. Savelich and Masha were nearby all the time. Peter immediately confessed his feelings to the girl. At first she did not answer him, citing the fact that he was ill, but later gave her consent. Grinev immediately sent his parents a request for a blessing, but his father responded with a rude and decisive refusal. In his opinion, Peter had gone crazy. Grinev Sr. was also indignant about his son’s duel. He wrote that, having learned about this, his mother fell ill. The father said that he would ask Ivan Kuzmich to immediately transfer the young man to another place.

The letter horrified Peter. Masha refused to marry him without the blessing of his parents, saying that then the young man would not be happy. Grinev was also angry with Savelich for interfering with the duel and reporting it to his father. The man was offended and said that he ran to Peter to shield Shvabrin from his sword, but old age got in the way, and he did not have time, and did not inform his father. Savelich showed his ward a letter from Grinev Sr., where he cursed because the servant did not report the duel. After this, Peter realized that he was mistaken and began to suspect Shvabrin of the denunciation. It was beneficial for him that Grinev be transferred from the Belogorsk fortress.

Chapter 6: PUGACHEVSHCHINA

At the end of 1773, Captain Mironov received a message about the Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev (here is his name), who was posing as the late Emperor Peter III. The criminal gathered a gang and destroyed several fortresses. There was a possibility of an attack on Belogorskaya, so its inhabitants immediately began to prepare: to clean the cannon. After some time, they seized a Bashkir with outrageous sheets that foreshadowed an imminent attack. Torture did not work because his tongue was torn out.

When the robbers took the Nizhneozernaya fortress, capturing all the soldiers and hanging the officers, it became clear that the enemies would soon arrive at Mironov. For the sake of safety, my parents decided to send Masha to Orenburg. Vasilisa Egorovna refused to leave her husband. Peter said goodbye to his beloved, saying that his last prayer would be for her.

Chapter 7: ATTACK

In the morning the Belogorsk fortress was surrounded. Several traitors sided with Pugachev, and Marya Mironova did not have time to leave for Orenburg. The father said goodbye to his daughter, blessing her for marriage with the person who would be worthy. After the capture of the fortress, Pugachev hanged the commandant and, under the guise of Peter III, began to demand an oath. Those who refused suffered the same fate.

Peter saw Shvabrin among the traitors. Alexey said something to Pugachev, and he decided to hang Grinev without an offer to take the oath. When a noose was put around the young man's neck, Savelich convinced the robber to change his mind - a ransom could be obtained from the master's child. The mentor offered to hang himself instead of Peter. Pugachev spared both. Vasilisa Egorovna, seeing her husband in the noose, started screaming, and she was also killed, hit on the head with a saber.

Chapter 8: UNINVITED GUEST

Pugachev and his comrades celebrated the capture of another fortress. Marya Ivanovna survived. Popadya Akulina Pamfilovna hid her at home and passed her off as her niece. The impostor believed. Having learned this, Peter calmed down a little. Savelich told him that Pugachev was the drunkard who met him on the way to his place of service. Grinev was saved by the fact that he then gave the robber his sheepskin coat. Peter was lost in thought: duty required him to go to a new place of service, where he could be useful to the Fatherland, but love tied him to the Belogorsk fortress.

Later, Pugachev summoned Peter to his place and once again offered to enter his service. Grinev refused, saying that he had sworn allegiance to Catherine II and could not take his words back. The impostor liked the honesty and courage of the young man, and he let him go on all four sides.

Chapter 9: SEPARATION

In the morning, Pyotr Grinev woke up to the beat of drums and went out to the square. Cossacks gathered near the gallows. Pugachev released Peter to Orenburg and told him to warn about the imminent attack on the city. Alexey Shvabrin was appointed the new head of the fortress. Grinev was horrified to hear this, because Marya Ivanovna was now in danger. Savelich decided to make a claim to Pugachev and demand compensation for damage. The impostor was extremely indignant, but did not punish him.

Before leaving, Peter went to say goodbye to Marya Ivanovna. From the stress she suffered, she developed a fever, and the girl lay delirious, not recognizing the young man. Grinev was worried about her and decided that the only way he could help was to quickly reach Orenburg and help liberate the fortress. When Peter and Savelich were walking along the road to the city, a Cossack caught up with them. He was on a horse and holding the second one in the reins. The man said that Pugachev gave Grinev a horse, a fur coat from his shoulder and a yard of money, but he lost the latter on the way. The young man accepted the gifts, and advised the man to find the lost funds and take them for vodka.

Chapter 10: SIEGE OF THE CITY

Pyotr Grinev arrived in Orenburg and reported to the general the military situation. A council was immediately convened, but everyone except the young man was in favor of not attacking, but waiting for an attack. The general agreed with Grinev, but stated that he could not risk the people entrusted to him. Then Peter remained waiting in the city, occasionally making forays beyond the walls against Pugachev’s people. The robbers were much better armed than the warriors of the legitimate government.

During one of his forays, Grinev met sergeant Maksimych from the Belogorsk fortress. He gave the young man a letter from Marya Mironova, who reported that Alexei Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him, otherwise he would reveal to Pugachev the secret that she was the captain’s daughter and not the niece of Akulina Pamfilovna. Grinev was horrified by Marya’s words and immediately went to the general with a repeated request to march on the Belogorsk fortress, but was again refused.

Chapter 11: REBEL SLOBODA

Finding no help from the legitimate authorities, Pyotr Grinev left Orenburg to personally teach Alexei Shvabrin a lesson. Savelich refused to leave his ward and went with him. On the way, the young man and the old man were caught by Pugachev’s people, and they took Peter to their “father.” The leader of the robbers lived in a Russian hut, which was called a palace. The only difference from ordinary houses was that it was covered with gold paper. Pugachev always kept two advisers with him, whom he called enarals. One of them is the fugitive corporal Beloborodov, and the second is an exiled criminal Sokolov, nicknamed Khlopushka.

Pugachev became angry with Shvabrin when he learned that he was hurting the orphan. The man decided to help Peter and was even happy to learn that Marya was his fiancée. The next day they went together to the Belogorsk fortress. Faithful Savelich again refused to leave the master's child.

Chapter 12: ORPHAN

Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, the travelers met Shvabrin. He called Marya his wife, which seriously angered Grinev, but the girl denied this. Pugachev was angry with Alexei, but pardoned him, threatening to remember this offense if he committed another one. Shvabrin looked pathetic, kneeling. Nevertheless, he had the courage to reveal Marya’s secret. Pugachev’s face darkened, but he realized that he had been deceived in order to save an innocent child, so he forgave and released the lovers.

Pugachev left. Marya Ivanovna said goodbye to the graves of her parents, packed her things and went to Orenburg along with Peter, Palasha and Savelich. Shvabrin's face expressed gloomy anger.

Chapter 13: ARREST

The travelers stopped in a city not far from Orenburg. There Grinev met an old acquaintance Zurin, to whom he once lost a hundred rubles. The man advised Peter not to marry at all, because love is a whim. Grinev did not agree with Zurin, but understood that he had to serve the empress, so he sent Marya to her parents as a bride, accompanied by Savelich, and he himself decided to remain in the army.

After saying goodbye to the girl, Peter had fun with Zurin, and then they set out on a hike. At the sight of the troops of the legitimate government, the rebellious villages came into obedience. Soon, under the Tatishcheva fortress, Prince Golitsyn defeated Pugachev and liberated Orenburg, but the impostor gathered a new gang, took Kazan and marched on Moscow. Still, after some time, Pugachev was caught. War is over. Peter received leave and was going to go home to his family and Marya. However, on the day of departure, Zurin received a letter with an order to detain Grinev and send him on guard to Kazan for the commission of inquiry into the Pugachev case. I had to obey.

Chapter 14: COURT

Pyotr Grinev was sure that he would not face serious punishment, and decided to tell everything as it is. However, the young man did not mention Marya Ivanovna’s name, so as not to involve her in this vile matter. The commission did not believe the young man and considered his father to be an unworthy son. During the investigation, it became known that the informer was Shvabrin.

Andrei Petrovich Grinev was horrified by the thought that his son was a traitor. The boy's mother was upset. Peter, only out of respect for his father, was spared execution and sentenced to exile in Siberia. Marya Ivanovna, whom the young man’s parents had fallen in love with, went to St. Petersburg. There, while walking, she met a noble lady, who, having learned that the girl was going to ask for favor from the Empress, listened to the story and said that she could help. Later it turned out that it was Catherine II herself. She pardoned Pyotr Grinev. Soon the young man and Marya Mironova got married, they had children, and Pugachev nodded to the young man before hanging in a noose.

MISSING CHAPTER

This chapter was not included in the final edition. Here Grinev is called Bulanin, and Zurin is called Grinev.

Peter pursued the Pugachevites, being in Zurin’s detachment. The troops found themselves near the banks of the Volga and not far from the Grinev estate. Peter decided to meet with his parents and Marya Ivanovna, so he went to them alone.

It turned out that the village was in a riot, and the young man’s family was in captivity. When Grinev entered the barn, the peasants locked him in with them. Savelich went to report this to Zurin. Meanwhile, Shvabrin arrived in the village and ordered the barn to be set on fire. Peter's father wounded Alexei, and the family was able to get out of the burning barn. At that moment, Zurin arrived and saved them from Shvabrin, the Pugachevites and the rebellious peasants. Alexei was sent to Kazan for trial, the peasants were pardoned, and Grinev Jr. went to suppress the remnants of the rebellion.

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Pushkin A.S. story “The Captain's Daughter”: Summary.

The narration is told from the first person of the main character of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, in the form of family notes.

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard.

In this chapter, Pushkin introduces the reader to Pyotr Grinev. His family had 9 children. However, everyone died while still babies, and only Peter remained alive. Peter's father once served, but has now retired. Peter was enrolled before his birth in the Semenovsky regiment. While the boy was growing up, he was listed in his regiment as being on leave. The boy had an uncle Savelich, who raised him. He taught the boy Russian literacy and writing, and gave him knowledge about greyhounds. After a certain time, a Frenchman is sent to Petra as a teacher. The Frenchman's name was Beaupre. His duties included teaching the boy French and German, as well as providing education in other sciences. However, the Frenchman was more concerned about booze and girls. When Peter's father noticed the Frenchman's negligence, he kicked him out. At the age of 17, his father sent Peter to serve in Orenburg, although the young man hoped to serve in St. Petersburg. At the moment of instructions before leaving, the father told his son that he needed to take care of " dress again, and honor from a young age"(Author's note: Subsequently, these words from the work Pushkin « Captain's daughter"became a catchphrase). Peter left his native place. In Simbirsk, the young man visited a tavern and there he met captain Zurin. Zurin taught Peter to play billiards, and then got him drunk and won 100 rubles from Peter. Pushkin wrote that Peter “ behaved like a boy who had broken free". In the morning, despite Savelich’s active resistance, Grinev pays back the lost money and leaves Simbirsk.

Chapter 2. Counselor.

Grinev understood that he did the wrong thing when he arrived in Simbirsk. Therefore, he asked Savelich for forgiveness. During a storm, the travelers lost their way. But then they noticed a man, " intelligence and subtlety of instinct"were noticed by Peter and delighted. Grinev asked this man to accompany them to the nearest house that was ready to receive them. On the way, Grinev had a strange dream in which he returned to his estate and found his father dying. Peter asked his father for a blessing, but suddenly instead he saw a man with a black beard. Petya’s mother tried to explain who this person was. According to her, it was allegedly his imprisoned father. Then the man suddenly jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax and began to swing it. The room was filled with the dead. The man smiled at the young man and called for his blessing. Here the dream ended. Arriving at the place, Grinev took a closer look at the man who agreed to accompany them. This is how Pushkin described the counselor: “ He was about forty, of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. There was a streak of gray in his black beard, and his big, lively eyes were darting. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression. His hair was cut into a circle, he was wearing a tattered army coat and Tatar harem pants". A man with a black beard, i.e. The counselor was talking to the owner of the inn in an incomprehensible, allegorical language for Peter: “ He flew into the garden and pecked hemp; grandma threw a pebble, but missed". Grinev decided to treat the counselor to wine and gave him a hare sheepskin coat before parting, which again aroused Savelich’s indignation. In Orenburg, his father’s friend, Andrei Karlovich R., sent Peter to serve in the Belgorsk fortress, which was located 40 miles from Orenburg.

Chapter 3. Fortress.

Grinev arrived at the fortress and found it similar to a small village. The wife of the commandant of the fortress, Vasilisa Egorovna, was in charge of everything. Peter met the young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Shvabrin told Grinev about the inhabitants of the fortress, about the routine in it and in general about life in these places. He also expressed his opinion about the family of the commandant of the fortress and extremely unflatteringly about his daughter Mironova Mashenka. Grinev found Shvabrin not a very attractive young man. He was " short, with a dark and distinctly ugly face, but extremely lively". Grinev learned that Shvabrin ended up in the fortress because of a duel. Shvabrin and Grinev were invited to dinner at the house of commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. The young people accepted the invitation. On the street, Grinev saw military exercises taking place. The platoon of disabled people was commanded by the commandant himself. He was " in a cap and a Chinese robe«.

Chapter 4. Duel.

Grinev began to visit the commandant’s family more and more often. He liked this family. And I liked Masha. He dedicated poems about love to her. Peter became an officer. At first he enjoyed communicating with Shvabrin. But his caustic remarks addressed to his beloved girl began to irritate Grinev. When Peter showed his poems to Alexei and Shvabrin sharply criticized them, and then allowed himself to insult Masha, Grinev called Shvabrin a liar and received a challenge from Shvabrin to a duel. Having learned about the duel, Vasilisa Yegorovna ordered the arrest of the young officers. The girl Palashka took the swords from them. And later Masha told Peter that Shvvabrin once wooed her, but she refused him. That is why Shvabrin hated the girl and threw endless barbs at her. After some time, the duel resumed. In it, Grinev was wounded.

Chapter 5. Love.

Savelich and Masha began to care for the wounded man. At that moment, Grinev decided to confess his feelings to Mashenka and propose to her. Masha agreed. Then Grinev sent a letter to his father asking him to bless him for marriage with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The answer has come. And from it it turned out that the father was refusing his son. Moreover, he learned about the duel from somewhere. Savelich did not report the duel to Grinev Sr. Therefore, Peter decided that this was the work of Shvabrin. Meanwhile, Shvabrin came to visit Peter and asked him for forgiveness. He said that he was guilty before Peter for everything that happened. However, Masha does not want to get married without her father’s blessing and therefore she began to avoid Grinev. Grinev also stopped visiting the commandant’s house. He lost heart.

Chapter 6. Pugachevism

The commandant received a letter from the general, which reported that the escaped Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev was gathering a villainous gang and therefore it was necessary to strengthen the fortress. It was immediately reported that Pugachev had already managed to plunder several fortresses and hang officers. Ivan Kuzmich gathered a military council and asked everyone to keep this news secret. But Ivan Ignatievich accidentally spilled the beans to Vasilisa Yegorovna, who became a priest, and as a result, rumors about Pugachev spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev sent spies to Cossack villages with leaflets in which he threatened to beat up those who did not recognize him as sovereign and did not join his gang. And he demanded that the officers surrender the fortress without a fight. We managed to catch one of these spies, a mutilated Bashkir. The poor prisoner had no nose, tongue or ears. It was clear from everything that this was not the first time he had rebelled and that he was familiar with torture. Ivan Kuzmich, at Grinev’s suggestion, decided to send Masha from the fortress to Orenburg in the morning. Grinev and Masha said goodbye. Mironov wanted his wife to leave the fortress, but Vasilisa Egorovna firmly decided to stay with her husband.

Chapter 7. Attack.

Masha did not have time to leave the fortress. Under cover of night, the Cossacks left the Belogorsk fortress to go over to Pugachev’s side. There were a few warriors left in the fortress who were unable to resist the robbers. They defended themselves as best they could, but in vain. Pugachev captured the fortress. Many immediately swore allegiance to the robber, who proclaimed himself king. He executed commandant Mironov Ivan Kuzmich and Ivan Ignatievich. Grinev was supposed to be executed next, but Savelich threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and begged him to be left alive. Savelich even promised a ransom for the life of the young master. Pugachev agreed to such conditions and demanded that Grinev kiss his hand. Grinev refused. But Pugachev still pardoned Peter. The surviving soldiers and residents of the fortress went over to the side of the robbers and for 3 hours kissed the hand of the newly-crowned sovereign Pugachev, who was sitting in a chair on the porch of the commandant’s house. The robbers robbed everywhere, taking various goods from chests and cabinets: fabrics, dishes, fluff, etc. Vasilisa Yegorovna was stripped naked and taken out in public like that, after which she was killed. Pugachev was given a white horse and he rode away.

Chapter 8. Uninvited guest.

Grinev was very worried about Masha. Did she manage to hide and what happened to her? He entered the commandant's house. Everything there was destroyed, looted and broken. He entered Marya Ivanovna’s room, where he met Broadsword hiding. From Broadsword he learned that Masha was in the priest’s house. Then Grinev went to the priest’s house. There was a drinking party of robbers in it. Peter called the priest. From her, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had sworn allegiance to Pugachev and was now resting with the robbers at the same table. Masha lies on her bed, half-delirious. The priest told Pugachev that the girl was her niece. Fortunately, Shvabrin did not reveal the truth to Pugachev. Grinev returned to his apartment. There Savelich told Peter that Pugachev was their former counselor. They came for Grinev, saying that Pugachev was demanding him. Grinev obeyed. Entering the room, Peter was struck by the fact that “ Everyone treated each other like comrades and did not show any special preference to their leader... Everyone boasted, offered their opinions and freely challenged Pugachev". Pugachev suggested singing a song about the gallows, and the bandits sang: “ Don't make noise, mother green oak tree...“When the guests finally left, Pugachev asked Grinev to stay. A conversation arose between them, in which Pugachev invited Grinev to stay with him and serve him. Peter honestly told Pugachev that he did not consider him a sovereign and could not serve him, because. once already swore allegiance to the empress. He also will not be able to fulfill his promise not to fight against Pugachev, because... this is his officer's duty. Pugachev was amazed by Grinev’s frankness and honesty. He promised to let Grinev go to Orenburg, but asked him to come in the morning to say goodbye to him.

Chapter 9. Separation.

Pugachev asks Grinev to visit the governor in Orenburg and tell him that in a week Emperor Pugachev will be in the city. He appointed Shvabrin commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, since he himself had to leave. Savelich, meanwhile, compiled a list of the lord's plundered property and submitted it to Pugachev. Pugachev, being in a generous state of mind, decided to give Grinev a horse and his own fur coat instead of punishment. In the same chapter, Pushkin writes that Masha was seriously ill.

Chapter 10. Siege of the city.

Grinev, having arrived in Orenburg, was sent to General Andrei Karlovich. Grinev asked to give him soldiers and allow him to attack the Belgorod fortress. The general, having learned about the fate of the Mironov family and that Captain's daughter remained in the hands of the robbers, expressed sympathy, but the soldier refused to give, citing the upcoming military council. Military Council, at which " there was not a single military man“, took place that same evening. " All the officials spoke about the unreliability of troops, about the unfaithfulness of luck, about caution and the like. Everyone believed that it was more prudent to remain under the cover of cannons behind a strong stone wall than to try the happiness of weapons in an open field.". Officials saw one way out in setting a high price for Pugachev’s head. They believed that the robbers themselves would betray their leader, tempted by the high price. Meanwhile, Pugachev kept his word and appeared at the walls of Orenburg exactly a week later. The siege of the city began. Residents suffered severely due to hunger and high prices. The raids of the robbers were periodic. Grinev was bored and often rode the horse given to him by Pugachev. One day he ran into a Cossack, who turned out to be the constable of the Belogorsk fortress, Maksimych. He gave Grinev a letter from Masha, which reported that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him.

Chapter 11. Rebellious settlement.

To save Masha, Grinev and Savelich went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way they fell into the hands of robbers. They were taken to Pugachev. Pugachev asked where Grinev was going and for what purpose. Grinev honestly told Pugachev about his intentions. They say he would like to protect the orphaned girl from Shvabrin’s claims. The robbers offered to cut off the heads of both Grinev and Shvabrin. But Pugachev decided everything in his own way. He promised Grinev to arrange his fate with Masha. In the morning, Pugachev and Grinev went in the same cart to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, Pugachev shared with Grinev his desire to march on Moscow: “ ...my street is cramped; I have little will. My guys are smart. They are thieves. I have to keep my ears open; at the first failure they will ransom their neck with my head". While on the way, Pugachev managed to tell a Kalmyk fairy tale about a raven that lived for 300 years, but ate carrion, and about an eagle that preferred hunger to carrion: “ It's better to drink living blood«.

Chapter 12. Orphan.

Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev learned that Shvabrin mocked Masha and starved her. Then Puchev wished, on behalf of the sovereign, to marry Grinev and Masha immediately. Then Shvabrin told Pugachev that Masha was not the priest’s niece, but the daughter of Captain Mironov. But Pugachev turned out to be a generous man: “ execute, so execute, favor, so favor" and released Masha and Grinev.

Chapter 13. Arrest

Pugachev handed Peter a pass. Therefore, lovers could freely pass through all the outposts. But one day an outpost of imperial soldiers was mistaken for Pugachev’s, and this served as a reason for Grinev’s arrest. The soldiers took Peter to their superior, in whom Grinev recognized Zurin. Peter told his story to an old friend and he believed Grinev. Zurin suggested postponing the wedding and sending Masha, accompanied by Savelich, to her parents, and Grinev himself remaining in the service, as required by his officer’s duty. Grinev heeded Zurin’s proposal. Pugachev was eventually defeated, but not caught. The leader managed to escape to Siberia and gather a new gang. Pugachev was wanted everywhere. In the end he was caught. But then Zurin received an order to arrest Grinev and send him to the Investigative Commission in the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14. Judgment.

Grinev was arrested because of Shvabrin’s denunciation. Shvabrin claimed that Pyotr Grinev served Pugachev. Grinev was afraid to involve Masha in this story. He didn't want her to be tormented by interrogations. Therefore, Grinev could not justify himself. The Empress replaced the death penalty with exile to Siberia only thanks to the merits of Father Peter. The father was depressed by what happened. It was a shame for the Grinev family. Masha went to St. Petersburg to talk with the Empress. It so happened that one day Masha was walking in the garden early in the morning. While walking, she met an unfamiliar woman. They started talking. The woman asked Masha to introduce herself and she replied that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov. The woman immediately became very interested in Masha and asked Masha to tell her why she came to St. Petersburg. Masha said that she came to the empress to ask for mercy for Grinev, because he could not justify himself in court because of her. The woman said that she visits the court and promises to help Masha. She accepted a letter from Masha addressed to the empress and asked where Masha was staying. Masha answered. At this point they parted. Before Masha had time to drink tea after her walk, a palace carriage drove into the courtyard. The messenger asked Masha to immediately go to the palace, because... the empress demands her to come to her. In the palace, Masha recognized the empress as her morning interlocutor. Grinev was pardoned, Masha was given a fortune. Masha and Peter Grinev got married. Grinev was present during the execution of Emelyan Pugachev. " He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people«

That's how it is summary by chapter Pushkin's stories " Captain's daughter«

Good luck on your exams and A's on your essays!

Worldly rumor -
Sea wave.

Proverb.

I was sure that my unauthorized absence from Orenburg was to blame. I could easily justify myself: not only was horse riding never prohibited, but it was also encouraged by all means. I could have been accused of being too hot-tempered, not of disobedience. But my friendly relations with Pugachev could be proven by many witnesses and should have seemed at least very suspicious. All the way I thought about the interrogations awaiting me, pondered my answers and decided to declare the real truth before the court, believing this method of justification to be the simplest, and at the same time the most reliable. I arrived in Kazan, devastated and burned. Along the streets, instead of houses, there were piles of coals and smoky walls without roofs or windows sticking out. Such was the trail left by Pugachev! I was brought to a fortress that had survived in the middle of a burnt city. The hussars handed me over to the guard officer. He ordered to call the blacksmith. They put a chain on my feet and chained it tightly. Then they took me to prison and left me alone in a cramped and dark cell, with only bare walls and a window blocked by an iron grate. This beginning did not bode well for me. However, I did not lose either courage or hope. I resorted to the consolation of all the mourners and, for the first time tasting the sweetness of prayer poured out from a pure but torn heart, I calmly fell asleep, not caring about what would happen to me. The next day the prison guard woke me up with an announcement that they wanted me to serve on the commission. Two soldiers led me across the courtyard to the commandant's house, stopped in the hallway and let one into the inner rooms. I entered a rather large hall. Two people were sitting at a table covered with papers: an elderly general, looking stern and cold, and a young guard captain, about twenty-eight years old, very pleasant in appearance, dexterous and free in his manners. A secretary sat at the window at a special table with a pen behind his ear, leaning over the paper, ready to write down my testimony. The interrogation began. I was asked about my name and rank. The general inquired if I was the son of Andrei Petrovich Grinev? And to my answer he objected sternly: “It’s a pity that such an honorable man has such an unworthy son!” I calmly replied that whatever the accusations weighing on me, I hoped to dispel them with a sincere explanation of the truth. He didn't like my confidence. “You, brother, are a voster,” he told me, frowning, “but we’ve seen others like them!” Then the young man asked me: on what occasion and at what time did I enter Pugachev’s service and on what orders was I employed by him? I answered with indignation that I, as an officer and a nobleman, could not enter into any service with Pugachev and could not accept any orders from him. “How is it,” my interrogator objected, “that a nobleman and an officer alone were spared by an impostor, while all his comrades were villainously killed?” How does this same officer and nobleman feast in a friendly manner with the rebels, accept gifts, a fur coat, a horse and half a piece of money from the main villain? Why did such a strange friendship arise and on what is it based, if not on betrayal or at least on vile and criminal cowardice? I was deeply offended by the words of the guards officer and eagerly began my justification. I told how my acquaintance with Pugachev began in the steppe, during a snowstorm; how, during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, he recognized me and spared me. I said that the sheepskin coat and the horse, however, I was not ashamed to accept from the impostor; but that I defended the Belogorsk fortress against the villain to the last extreme. Finally, I referred to my general, who could testify to my zeal during the disastrous siege of Orenburg. The stern old man took an open letter from the table and began to read it aloud: - “In response to your Excellency’s request regarding Ensign Grinev, who was allegedly involved in the current turmoil and entered into relations with the villain, whose service was prohibited and the oath of duty was contrary, I have the honor to explain: this Ensign Grinev was in service in Orenburg from the beginning of October last 1773 until February 24 this year, on which date he left the city and since then has not been on my team. And we hear from defectors that he was with Pugachev in the settlement and went with him to the Belogorsk fortress, where he had previously served; as for his behavior, I can...” Here he interrupted his reading and said to me sternly: “What will you tell yourself now as an excuse?” I wanted to continue as I began and explain my connection with Marya Ivanovna as sincerely as everything else. But suddenly I felt an irresistible disgust. It occurred to me that if I named her, the commission would demand her to answer; and the thought of entangling her name among the vile reports of villains and bringing her herself into a confrontation with them - this terrible thought struck me so much that I hesitated and became confused. My judges, who seemed to begin to listen to my answers with some favor, were again prejudiced against me at the sight of my embarrassment. The guards officer demanded that I be confronted with the main informer. The general ordered to click yesterday's villain. I quickly turned to the door, awaiting the appearance of my accuser. A few minutes later the chains rattled, the doors opened, and Shvabrin walked in. I was amazed at his change. He was terribly thin and pale. His hair, recently jet black, was completely grey; his long beard was unkempt. He repeated his accusations in a weak but bold voice. According to him, I was sent by Pugachev to Orenburg as a spy; went out every day to shootouts in order to convey written news about everything that was happening in the city; that at last he had clearly given himself over to the impostor, he traveled with him from fortress to fortress, trying in every possible way to destroy his fellow traitors in order to take their places and enjoy the rewards distributed from the impostor. I listened to him in silence and was pleased with one thing: Marya Ivanovna’s name was not uttered by the vile villain, perhaps because his pride suffered at the thought of the one who rejected him with contempt; Is it because in his heart was hidden a spark of the same feeling that forced me to remain silent - be that as it may, the name of the daughter of the Belogorsk commandant was not uttered in the presence of the commission. I was even more confirmed in my intention, and when the judges asked how I could refute Shvabrin’s testimony, I answered that I adhered to my first explanation and could not say anything else to justify myself. The general ordered us to be taken out. We went out together. I looked calmly at Shvabrin, but didn’t say a word to him. He grinned an evil grin and, lifting his chains, got ahead of me and quickened his steps. I was again taken to prison and from then on I was no longer required to be interrogated. I did not witness everything that remains for me to inform the reader about; but I heard stories about it so often that the slightest details were etched into my memory and that it seemed to me as if I were there, invisibly present. Marya Ivanovna was received by my parents with that sincere cordiality that distinguished people of the old century. They saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress a poor orphan. Soon they became sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her. My love no longer seemed like an empty whim to my father; and mother only wanted her Petrusha to marry the captain’s sweet daughter. The rumor of my arrest shocked my entire family. Marya Ivanovna told my parents so simply about my strange acquaintance with Pugachev that not only did it not bother them, but it also made them often laugh from the bottom of their hearts. Father did not want to believe that I could be involved in a vile rebellion, whose goal was the overthrow of the throne and the extermination of the noble family. He strictly interrogated Savelich. The uncle did not hide the fact that the master was visiting Emelka Pugachev and that the villain did favor him; but he swore that he had never heard of any treason. The old people calmed down and began to eagerly await favorable news. Marya Ivanovna was greatly alarmed, but remained silent, for she was extremely gifted with modesty and caution. Several weeks have passed... Suddenly the priest receives a letter from our relative Prince B** from St. Petersburg. The prince wrote to him about me. After the usual attack, he announced to him that the suspicions about my participation in the plans of the rebels, unfortunately, turned out to be too solid, that an exemplary execution should have befallen me, but that the empress, out of respect for the merits and advanced years of her father, decided to pardon the criminal son and, sparing him from a shameful execution, she only ordered that he be exiled to the remote region of Siberia for eternal settlement. This unexpected blow almost killed my father. He lost his usual firmness, and his grief (usually silent) poured out in bitter complaints. "How! - he repeated, losing his temper. - My son participated in Pugachev’s plans! Good God, what have I lived to see! The Empress spares him from execution! Does this make it any easier for me? It is not the execution that is terrible: my ancestor died on the execution site, defending what he considered sacred to his conscience; my father suffered along with Volynsky and Khrushchev. But for a nobleman to betray his oath, to unite with robbers, with murderers, with runaway slaves!.. Shame and disgrace to our family!..” Frightened by his despair, his mother did not dare cry in front of him and tried to restore his cheerfulness, talking about the untruthfulness of the rumor, about the unsteadiness human opinion. My father was inconsolable. Marya Ivanovna suffered more than anyone. Being sure that I could justify myself whenever I wanted, she guessed the truth and considered herself to be the culprit of my misfortune. She hid her tears and suffering from everyone and meanwhile constantly thought about ways to save me. One evening the priest was sitting on the sofa, turning over the sheets of the Court Calendar; but his thoughts were far away, and reading did not produce its usual effect on him. He whistled an old march. Mother silently knitted a woolen sweatshirt, and tears occasionally dripped onto her work. Suddenly Marya Ivanovna, who was sitting right there at work, announced that necessity was forcing her to go to St. Petersburg and that she was asking for a way to go. Mother was very upset. “Why do you need to go to St. Petersburg? - she said. “Do you really want to leave us, Marya Ivanovna?” Marya Ivanovna replied that her entire future fate depended on this journey, that she was going to seek protection and help from strong people, as the daughter of a man who had suffered for his fidelity. My father lowered his head: every word reminiscent of his son’s imaginary crime was painful to him and seemed like a caustic reproach. “Go, mother! - he told her with a sigh. “We don’t want to interfere with your happiness.” May God give you a good man as your groom, not a defamed traitor.” He stood up and left the room. Marya Ivanovna, left alone with her mother, partially explained her assumptions to her. Mother hugged her with tears and prayed to God for a successful end to her planned business. Marya Ivanovna was equipped, and a few days later she set off on the road with the faithful Palash and with the faithful Savelich, who, being forcibly separated from me, was consoled at least by the thought that he was serving my betrothed bride. Marya Ivanovna arrived safely in Sofia and, having learned at the post office that the Court was at that time in Tsarskoe Selo, she decided to stop here. She was given a corner behind a partition. The caretaker's wife immediately started talking to her, announced that she was the niece of the court stoker, and initiated her into all the mysteries of court life. She told what time the empress usually woke up, ate coffee, and took a walk; what nobles were with her at that time; that she deigned to speak at her table yesterday, who she received in the evening - in a word, Anna Vlasyevna’s conversation was worth several pages of historical notes and would be precious for posterity. Marya Ivanovna listened to her with attention. They went to the garden. Anna Vlasyevna told the story of each alley and each bridge, and, having walked around, they returned to the station very pleased with each other. The next day, early in the morning, Marya Ivanovna woke up, got dressed and quietly went into the garden. The morning was beautiful, the sun illuminated the tops of the linden trees, which had already turned yellow under the fresh breath of autumn. The wide lake shone motionless. The awakened swans swam importantly from under the bushes that shaded the shore. Marya Ivanovna walked near a beautiful meadow, where a monument had just been erected in honor of the recent victories of Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev. Suddenly a white dog of the English breed barked and ran towards her. Marya Ivanovna got scared and stopped. At that very moment a pleasant female voice rang out: “Don’t be afraid, she won’t bite.” And Marya Ivanovna saw a lady sitting on a bench opposite the monument. Marya Ivanovna sat down at the other end of the bench. The lady looked at her intently; and Marya Ivanovna, for her part, casting several indirect glances, managed to examine her from head to toe. She was in a white morning dress, a nightcap and a shower jacket. She seemed to be about forty years old. Her face, plump and rosy, expressed importance and calmness, and her blue eyes and light smile had an inexplicable charm. The lady was the first to break the silence. -You're not from here, are you? - she said. - Exactly so, sir: I just arrived from the provinces yesterday. — Did you come with your family? - No way, sir. I came alone. - One! But you are still so young. - I have neither father nor mother. - You are here, of course, on some business? - Exactly so, sir. I came to submit a request to the Empress. - You are an orphan: probably you complain about injustice and insult? - No way, sir. I came to ask for mercy, not justice. - Let me ask, who are you? - I am the daughter of Captain Mironov. - Captain Mironov! the same one who was the commandant in one of the Orenburg fortresses?- Exactly so, sir. The lady seemed touched. “Excuse me,” she said in an even more affectionate voice, “if I interfere in your affairs; but I am at court; Explain to me what your request is, and maybe I will be able to help you.” Marya Ivanovna stood up and thanked her respectfully. Everything about the unknown lady involuntarily attracted the heart and inspired confidence. Marya Ivanovna took a folded paper out of her pocket and handed it to her unfamiliar patron, who began to read it to herself. At first she read with an attentive and supportive look; but suddenly her face changed, and Marya Ivanovna, who followed all her movements with her eyes, was frightened by the stern expression of this face, so pleasant and calm for a minute. -Are you asking for Grinev? - said the lady with a cold look. “The Empress cannot forgive him.” He stuck to the impostor not out of ignorance and gullibility, but as an immoral and harmful scoundrel. - Oh, that’s not true! - Marya Ivanovna screamed. - How untrue! - the lady objected, flushing all over. - It’s not true, by God it’s not true! I know everything, I will tell you everything. For me alone, he was exposed to everything that befell him. And if he did not justify himself before the court, it was only because he did not want to confuse me. “Here she eagerly told everything that my reader already knew. The lady listened to her with attention. "Where are you staying?" - she asked later; and hearing what Anna Vlasyevna had, said with a smile: “Ah! I know. Goodbye, don't tell anyone about our meeting. I hope that you will not wait long for an answer to your letter." With this word, she stood up and entered the covered alley, and Marya Ivanovna returned to Anna Vlasyevna, filled with joyful hope. The hostess scolded her for an early autumn walk, which, according to her, was harmful to the young girl’s health. She brought a samovar and, over a cup of tea, was just about to begin endless stories about the court, when suddenly the court carriage stopped at the porch, and the chamberlain came in with the announcement that the empress would deign to invite the maiden Mironova. Anna Vlasyevna was amazed and worried. “Oh my God! - she screamed. - The Empress demands you to come to court. How did she find out about you? But how will you, mother, introduce yourself to the empress? You, I am tea, don’t even know how to step like a courtier... Should I escort you? Still, I can at least warn you about something. And how can you travel in a traveling dress? Should I send to the midwife for her yellow robron?” The chamberlain announced that the empress wanted Marya Ivanovna to travel alone and in what she would be found wearing. There was nothing to do: Marya Ivanovna got into the carriage and went to the palace, accompanied by the advice and blessings of Anna Vlasyevna. Marya Ivanovna foresaw the decision of our fate; her heart beat strongly and sank. A few minutes later the carriage stopped at the palace. Marya Ivanovna walked up the stairs with trepidation. The doors opened wide in front of her. She passed a long row of empty, magnificent rooms; the chamberlain showed the way. Finally, approaching the locked doors, he announced that he would now report on her, and left her alone. The thought of seeing the Empress face to face frightened her so much that she could hardly stand on her feet. A minute later the doors opened and she entered the empress’s dressing room. The Empress was sitting at her toilet. Several courtiers surrounded her and respectfully let Marya Ivanovna through. The Empress addressed her kindly, and Marya Ivanovna recognized her as the lady with whom she had spoken so frankly a few minutes ago. The Empress called her over and said with a smile: “I am glad that I could keep my word to you and fulfill your request. Your business is over. I am convinced of your fiance's innocence. Here is a letter that you yourself will take the trouble to take to your future father-in-law.” Marya Ivanovna accepted the letter with a trembling hand and, crying, fell at the feet of the Empress, who picked her up and kissed her. The Empress got into conversation with her. “I know that you are not rich,” she said, “but I am indebted to the daughter of Captain Mironov. Don't worry about the future. I take it upon myself to arrange your condition.” Having treated the poor orphan kindly, the empress released her. Marya Ivanovna left in the same court carriage. Anna Vlasyevna, impatiently awaiting her return, showered her with questions, to which Marya Ivanovna answered somehow. Although Anna Vlasyevna was dissatisfied with her unconsciousness, she attributed it to provincial shyness and generously excused her. That same day, Marya Ivanovna, not interested in looking at St. Petersburg, went back to the village... The notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev stop here. From family legends it is known that he was released from prison at the end of 1774, by personal order; that he was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people. Soon afterwards, Pyotr Andreevich married Marya Ivanovna. Their descendants prosper in the Simbirsk province. Thirty miles from *** there is a village owned by ten landowners. In one of the master's wings they show a handwritten letter from Catherine II behind glass and in a frame. It was written to the father of Pyotr Andreevich and contains justification for his son and praise for the mind and heart of Captain Mironov’s daughter. The manuscript of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was delivered to us from one of his grandchildren, who learned that we were busy with work dating back to the times described by his grandfather. We decided, with the permission of our relatives, to publish it separately, adding a decent epigraph to each chapter and allowing ourselves to change some of our own names.
Oct 19 1836.

This work has entered the public domain. The work was written by an author who died more than seventy years ago, and was published during his lifetime or posthumously, but more than seventy years have also passed since publication. It may be freely used by anyone without anyone's consent or permission and without payment of royalties.

Captain's daughter

1836

Chapter I. Sergeant of the Guard	286
Chapter II. Counselor	294
Chapter III. Fortress	304
Chapter IV. Duel	310
Chapter V. Love	319
Chapter VI. Pugachevshchina	327
Chapter VII. Attack	337
Chapter VIII. Uninvited guest	344
Chapter IX. Parting	352
Chapter X. Siege of the city	357
Chapter XI. Rebel settlement	365
Chapter XII. Orphan	376
Chapter XIII. Arrest	383
Chapter XIV. Court	390
Application. Missing chapter	401
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About the product

Pushkin's last prose work is a story of love and salvation against the backdrop of a merciless rebellion.

Reviews

The thought of a novel that would tell a simple, unartificial story of straightforward Russian life had been on his mind lately. He abandoned poetry solely so as not to get carried away by anything else and to be simpler in his descriptions, and he simplified the prose itself to the point that they did not even find any merit in his first stories. Pushkin was happy about this and wrote The Captain's Daughter, decidedly the best Russian work of the narrative kind. Compared to The Captain's Daughter, all our novels and stories seem like cloying rubbish. Purity and artlessness have risen to such a high level in her that she really seems artificial and caricatured in front of her. For the first time, truly Russian characters appeared: a simple commandant of the fortress, a captain’s wife, a lieutenant; the fortress itself with a single cannon, the confusion of time and the simple greatness of ordinary people, everything is not only the very truth, but even better than it. This is how it should be: this is the calling of the poet, to take us from us and return us to us in a purified and better form.

“The Captain's Daughter” is something like “Onegin” in prose. The poet depicts in it the morals of Russian society during the reign of Catherine. Many paintings, in terms of fidelity, truth of content and mastery of presentation, are a miracle of perfection.<...>The insignificant, colorless character of the hero of the story and his beloved Marya Ivanovna and the melodramatic character of Shvabrin, although they belong to the sharp shortcomings of the story, do not prevent it from being one of the remarkable works of Russian literature.

“The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” is very good in language, but due to the scarcity of materials that the writer could use, it is historically insufficient; but he captured the picturesque stage side of a curious era and presented it masterfully in “The Captain’s Daughter”; This story, albeit a side story, is still a sister to “Eugene Onegin”: children of the same father, and in many ways similar to each other. His other short novels are not so different, but they are all smart, natural and alluring...

Pushkin was a historian where he did not think he could be and where a true historian often fails to become one. "The Captain's Daughter" was written casually, among work on the Pugachev era, but there is more history in it than in "The History of the Pugachev Rebellion", which seems like a long explanatory note to the novel.

You see historical impartiality, the complete absence of any patriotic praise and sober realism... in Pushkin’s “The Captain’s Daughter”. ...there is no hero here in that vulgar form of an immaculately ideal young man, shining with all the material and mental prowess in which such a hero labored at that time in all the novels... Grinev... This is the most ordinary landowner's son of the 18th centuries, not particularly distant, not God knows how educated, distinguished above all by his kind soul and tender heart.<...>

Here<...>Pushkin appears to us not only as a realist in general, but also as a naturalist in the sense that<...>before you unfolds a picture of life not of any ideal and eccentric personalities, but of the most ordinary people; you are transported into the ordinary mass life of the 18th century and see how this life flowed day after day with all its petty everyday interests.<...>Having been transported a hundred years ago to his "Captain's Daughter", you do not find yourself in some kind of fairy-tale world, but you see the same life, which, rolling year after year, has reached this day.

But the height of artistic perfection in terms of strict, sober reality, historical impartiality and depth of understanding undoubtedly represents the image of Pugachev himself.<...>He and Pugachev managed to bring them together on the basis of tactile and everyday reality. True, he appears on the stage of the novel not without poetry: like some mythical spirit of thunder and storm, he suddenly looms before the reader from the muddy darkness of a snowstorm, but he looms not at all in order to immediately amaze you as something outstanding and unusual. He appears to be a simple runaway Cossack, a half-naked tramp, who has just drunk his last sheepskin coat in a tavern.<...> .

Pugachev is the same in the further development of the novel. This is not at all a villain or a hero, not at all a man who frightens and captivates the crowd with the charm of some formidable and bottomless gloom of his titanic nature, and especially not a fanatic who consciously strived for a once-planned goal. Until the very end of the novel, he remains the same random steppe tramp and good-natured rogue. Under other circumstances, he would have turned out to be the most ordinary horse thief; but historical circumstances suddenly turned him, completely unexpectedly for him, into an impostor himself, and he is blindly drawn by the force of these circumstances, and it is not he who leads the crowd, but the crowd that draws him...

In this article we will describe the work of A.S. A chapter-by-chapter retelling of this short novel, published in 1836, is offered to your attention.

1. Sergeant of the Guard

The first chapter begins with the biography of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. The father of this hero served, after which he retired. There were 9 children in the Grinev family, but eight of them died in infancy, and Peter was left alone. His father registered him even before his birth as Pyotr Andreevich and was on vacation until he came of age. Uncle Savelich serves as the boy's teacher. He supervises the development of Russian literacy by the Petrushas.

After some time, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to Peter. He taught him German, French, and various sciences. But Beaupre did not raise the child, but only drank and walked. The boy's father soon discovered this and drove the teacher away. At the age of 17, Peter was sent to serve, but not to the place where he had hoped to go. He goes to Orenburg instead of St. Petersburg. This decision determined the future fate of Peter, the hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter."

Chapter 1 describes the parting words of a father to his son. He tells him that it is necessary to take care of honor from a young age. Petya, having arrived in Simbirsk, meets Zurin, the captain, in a tavern, who taught him to play billiards, and also got him drunk and won 100 rubles from him. It was as if Grinev had broken free for the first time. He behaves like a boy. Zurin demands the allotted winnings in the morning. Pyotr Andreevich, in order to show his character, forces Savelich, who protests this, to give out money. After which, feeling pangs of conscience, Grinev leaves Simbirsk. This is how Chapter 1 ends in the work “The Captain’s Daughter”. Let us describe further events that happened to Pyotr Andreevich.

2. Counselor

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin tells us about the further fate of this hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 of the novel is called "Counselor". In it we meet Pugachev for the first time.

On the way, Grinev asks Savelich to forgive him for his stupid behavior. Suddenly a snowstorm begins on the road, Peter and his servant lose their way. They meet a man who offers to take them to the inn. Grinev, riding in a cab, has a dream.

Grinev's dream is an important episode of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 describes it in detail. In it, Peter arrives at his estate and discovers that his father is dying. He approaches him to take the last blessing, but instead of his father he sees an unknown man with a black beard. Grinev is surprised, but his mother convinces him that this is his imprisoned father. A black-bearded man jumps up waving an ax, dead bodies fill the entire room. At the same time, the man smiles at Pyotr Andreevich and also offers him a blessing.

Grinev, already standing, examines his guide and notices that he is the same man from the dream. He is a forty-year-old man of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. There is already a noticeable streak of gray in his black beard. The man’s eyes are alive, and one can feel the sharpness and subtlety of his mind in them. The counselor's face has a rather pleasant expression. It's picaresque. His hair is cut into a circle, and this man is dressed in Tatar trousers and an old Armenian coat.

The counselor talks with the owner in “allegorical language.” Pyotr Andreevich thanks his companion, gives him a hare sheepskin coat, and pours a glass of wine.

An old friend of Grinev’s father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Peter from Orenburg to serve in the Belogorsk fortress located 40 miles from the city. This is where the novel "The Captain's Daughter" continues. The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events occurring in it is as follows.

3. Fortress

This fortress resembles a village. Vasilisa Egorovna, a reasonable and kind woman, the wife of the commandant, is in charge of everything here. The next morning Grinev meets Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer. This man is short, extremely ugly, dark-skinned, very lively. He is one of the main characters in the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 3 is the place in the novel where this character first appears to the reader.

Because of the duel, Shvabrin was transferred to this fortress. He tells Pyotr Andreevich about life here, about the commandant’s family, while speaking unflatteringly about his daughter, Masha Mironova. You will find a detailed description of this conversation in the work “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 3). The commandant invites Grinev and Shvabrin to a family dinner. On the way, Peter sees a “training” going on: a platoon of disabled people is led by Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. He is wearing a “Chinese robe” and a cap.

4. Duel

Chapter 4 occupies an important place in the composition of the work "The Captain's Daughter". It says the following.

Grinev really likes the commandant's family. Pyotr Andreevich becomes an officer. He communicates with Shvabrin, but this communication brings the hero less and less pleasure. Grinev especially doesn’t like Alexei Ivanovich’s caustic remarks about Masha. Peter writes mediocre poems and dedicates them to this girl. Shvabrin speaks sharply about them, while insulting Masha. Grinev accuses him of lying, Alexey Ivanovich challenges Peter to a duel. Vasilisa Egorovna, having learned about this, orders the arrest of the duelists. Broadsword, the yard girl, deprives them of their swords. After some time, Pyotr Andreevich learns that Shvabrin was wooing Masha, but was refused by the girl. He understands now why Alexey Ivanovich slandered Masha. A duel is scheduled again, in which Pyotr Andreevich is wounded.

5. Love

Masha and Savelich are caring for the wounded man. Pyotr Grinev proposes to a girl. He sends a letter to his parents asking for blessings. Shvabrin visits Pyotr Andreevich and admits his guilt before him. Grinev’s father does not give him a blessing, he already knows about the duel that took place, and it was not Savelich who told him about it. Pyotr Andreevich believes that Alexey Ivanovich did this. The captain's daughter does not want to get married without her parents' consent. Chapter 5 tells about this decision of hers. We will not describe in detail the conversation between Peter and Masha. Let's just say that the captain's daughter decided to avoid Grinev in the future. The chapter-by-chapter retelling continues with the following events. Pyotr Andreevich stops visiting the Mironovs and loses heart.

6. Pugachevshchina

The commandant receives a notification that a bandit gang led by Emelyan Pugachev is operating in the surrounding area. attacks fortresses. Pugachev soon reached the Belogorsk fortress. He calls on the commandant to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to expel his daughter from the fortress. The girl says goodbye to Grinev. However, her mother refuses to leave.

7. Attack

The attack on the fortress continues with the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events is as follows. At night, the Cossacks leave the fortress. They go over to the side of Emelyan Pugachev. The gang attacks him. Mironov, with a few defenders, is trying to defend himself, but the forces of the two sides are unequal. The person who has captured the fortress organizes a so-called trial. The commandant, as well as his comrades, are executed on the gallows. When it’s Grinev’s turn, Savelich begs Emelyan, throwing himself at his feet, to spare Pyotr Andreevich, and offers him a ransom. Pugachev agrees. Residents of the city and soldiers swear an oath to Emelyan. They kill Vasilisa Yegorovna, bringing her naked onto the porch, as well as her husband. Pyotr Andreevich leaves the fortress.

8. Uninvited Guest

Grinev is very worried about how the captain’s daughter lives in the Belogorsk fortress.

The chapter-by-chapter content of further events in the novel describes the subsequent fate of this heroine. A girl is hiding near the priest, who tells Pyotr Andreevich that Shvabrin is on Pugachev’s side. Grinev learns from Savelich that Pugachev is accompanying them on the road to Orenburg. Emelyan calls Grinev to come to him, he comes. Pyotr Andreevich draws attention to the fact that everyone behaves like comrades with each other in Pugachev’s camp, and does not show preference to the leader.

Everyone boasts, expresses doubts, challenges Pugachev. His people sing a song about the gallows. Emelyan's guests leave. Grinev tells him in private that he does not consider him a king. He replies that good luck will be for the daring, because Grishka Otrepiev once ruled. Emelyan releases Pyotr Andreevich to Orenburg despite the fact that he promises to fight against him.

9. Separation

Emelyan gives Peter the order to tell the governor of this city that the Pugachevites will soon arrive there. Pugachev, leaving, leaves Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich writes a list of Pyotr Andreevich’s plundered goods and sends it to Emelyan, but he, in a “fit of generosity,” does not punish the daring Savelich. He even gives Grinev a fur coat from his shoulder and gives him a horse. Meanwhile, Masha is sick in the fortress.

10. Siege of the city

Peter goes to Orenburg, to see Andrei Karlovich, the general. Military people are absent from the military council. There are only officials here. It is more prudent, in their opinion, to remain behind a reliable stone wall than to try their luck in an open field. Officials offer to put a high price on Pugachev’s head and bribe Emelyan’s people. A police officer from the fortress brings a letter from Masha to Pyotr Andreevich. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to become his wife. Grinev asks the general to help, to provide him with people in order to clear the fortress. However, he refuses.

11. Rebel settlement

Grinev and Savelich rush to help the girl. Pugachev's people stop them on the way and lead them to the leader. He interrogates Pyotr Andreevich about his intentions in the presence of his confidants. Pugachev's people are a hunched, frail old man with a blue ribbon worn over his shoulder over a gray overcoat, as well as a tall, portly and broad-shouldered man of about forty-five. Grinev tells Emelyan that he came to save an orphan from Shvabrin’s claims. The Pugachevists propose to simply solve the problem with both Grinev and Shvabrin - hang them both. However, Pugachev clearly likes Peter, and he promises to marry him to a girl. Pyotr Andreevich goes to the fortress in the morning in Pugachev’s tent. He, in a confidential conversation, tells him that he would like to go to Moscow, but his comrades are robbers and thieves who will betray the leader at the first failure, saving their own necks. Emelyan tells a Kalmyk fairy tale about a raven and an eagle. The raven lived for 300 years, but at the same time pecked carrion. But the eagle chose to starve rather than eat the carrion. It’s better to drink living blood one day, Emelyan believes.

12. Orphan

Pugachev learns in the fortress that the girl is being bullied by the new commandant. Shvabrin starves her. Emelyan frees Masha and wants to marry her right away with Grinev. When Shvabrin says that this is Mironov’s daughter, Emelyan Pugachev decides to let Grinev and Masha go.

13. Arrest

On the way out of the fortress, soldiers take Grinev under arrest. They mistake Pyotr Andreevich for a Pugachevo man and take him to the boss. It turns out to be Zurin, who advises Pyotr Andreevich to send Savelich and Masha to their parents, and for Grinev himself to continue the battle. He follows this advice. Pugachev’s army was defeated, but he himself was not caught; he managed to gather new troops in Siberia. Emelyan is being pursued. Zurin is ordered to take Grinev under arrest and send him under guard to Kazan, putting him under investigation in the Pugachev case.

14. Court

Pyotr Andreevich is suspected of serving Pugachev. Shvabrin played an important role in this. Peter is sentenced to exile in Siberia. Masha lives with Peter's parents. They became very attached to her. The girl goes to St. Petersburg, to Tsarskoe Selo. Here she meets the empress in the garden and asks to have mercy on Peter. He talks about how he ended up with Pugachev because of her, the captain’s daughter. Briefly chapter by chapter, the novel we described ends as follows. Grinev is released. He is present at the execution of Emelyan, who nods his head, recognizing him.

The genre of historical novel is the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling does not describe all the events; we have mentioned only the main ones. Pushkin's novel is very interesting. After reading the original work "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter, you will understand the psychology of the characters, and also learn some details that we have omitted.