A critical article by pisarev bazarov synopsis. Turgenev's attitude to Bazarov

Article by D.I. Pisarev's "Bazarov" was written in 1862 - just three years after the events described in the novel. From the very first lines, the critic expresses admiration for Turgenev's gift, noting his inherent impeccability of "artistic decoration", the soft and vivid portrayal of paintings and heroes, the proximity of the phenomena of modern reality, making him one of the best people of his generation. According to Pisarev, the novel stirs the mind thanks to its amazing sincerity, deep feeling, immediacy of feelings.

The central figure of the novel - Bazarov - is the focus of the qualities of today's young people. Life hardships tempered him, making him strong and whole in nature, a true empiricist who trusts only personal experience and sensations. Of course, he is calculating, but just as sincere. Any deeds of such natures - bad and glorious - result only from this sincerity. At the same time, the young doctor is satanically selfish, which means not self-admiration, but "fullness of oneself", i.e. neglect of petty vanity, opinion of others and other "regulators". "Bazarovschina", i.e. the denial of everything and everyone, life by one's own desires and needs, is the true cholera of the time, which must, however, be ill. Our hero is struck by this ailment for a reason - mentally, he is significantly ahead of others, which means that he somehow influences them. Someone admires Bazarov, someone hates him, but it is impossible not to notice him.

Eugene's cynicism is twofold: it is both external swagger and internal rudeness, arising both from the environment and from the natural properties of nature. Growing up in a simple environment, surviving hunger and want, he naturally threw off the husk of "nonsense" - daydreaming, sentimentality, tearfulness, splendid phrasing. Turgenev, according to Pisarev, does not favor Bazarov at all. A refined and refined man, he is offended by any flashes of cynicism ... however, he makes a true cynic the main character of the work.

The need to compare Bazarov with his literary predecessors comes to mind: Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin and others. According to the established tradition, such personalities have always been dissatisfied with the existing order, were knocked out of the general mass - and therefore so attractive (how dramatic). The critic notes that in Russia any thinking person is "a little Onegin, a little Pechorin." The Rudins and Beltovs, unlike the heroes of Pushkin and Lermontov, are eager to be useful, but they do not find application for knowledge, strength, intelligence, and the best aspirations. All of them have outlived their usefulness, without ceasing to live. At that moment Bazarov appeared - not yet a new, but no longer an old-regime nature. Thus, the critic concludes, "The Pechorins have will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will, the Bazarovs have both knowledge and will."

The other characters of Fathers and Sons are outlined quite vividly and aptly: Arkady is weak, dreamy, in need of care, superficially carried away; his father is gentle and sensitive; uncle - "secular lion", "mini-Pechorin", and possibly "mini-Bazarov" (adjusted for his generation). He is smart and has a will, appreciates his comfort and "principles", and therefore Bazarov is especially antipathetic to him. The author himself does not feel sympathy for him - however, as for all his other characters - he is not "satisfied with either fathers or children." He only notes their ridiculous features and mistakes, not idealizing the heroes. This, according to Pisarev, is the depth of the writer's experience. Himself Bazarov not be, but he understood this type, felt him, does not deny him "charming power" and brought him a tribute of respect.

Bazarov's personality is self-contained. Not having met an equal personality, he does not feel the need for that, even with his parents he is bored and difficult. What can we say about all kinds of "bastards" like Sitnikov and Kukshina! .. Nevertheless, Odintsova manages to impress the young man: she is equal to him, outwardly beautiful and mentally developed. Carried away by the shell and enjoying communication, he can no longer refuse it. The explanation scene put an end to the relationship that had not begun, but Bazarov, oddly enough with his character, is bitter.

Arkady, meanwhile, falls into a love net and, despite the haste of marriage, is happy. Bazarov is destined to remain a wanderer - homeless and careless. The reason for this is only in his character: he is not inclined to restrictions, does not want to obey, does not give guarantees, longs for a voluntary and exclusive location. Meanwhile, he can only fall in love with an intelligent woman, and she will not agree to such a relationship. Mutual feelings, therefore, are simply impossible for Yevgeny Vasilich.

Further, Pisarev examines aspects of Bazarov's relations with other heroes, primarily the people. The heart of the peasants "lies" to him, but the hero is still perceived as a stranger, a "buffoon" who does not know their true troubles and aspirations.

The novel ends with the death of Bazarov - as unexpected as it is natural. Alas, it would be possible to judge what the future would await the hero only when his generation reached a mature age, to which Eugene was not destined to live. Nevertheless, such personalities grow into great figures (under certain conditions) - energetic, strong-willed, people of life and deeds. Alas, Turgenev is unable to show how Bazarov lives. But it shows how he dies - and that's enough.

The critic believes that to die like Bazarov is already a feat, and this is true. The description of the hero's death becomes the best episode of the novel and almost the best moment in the entire work of the genius author. Dying, Bazarov is not sad, but despises himself, powerless in the face of chance, remaining a nihilist until his last breath and - at the same time - keeping a bright feeling for Madame Odintsova.

(Anna Odintsova)

In conclusion, D.I. Pisarev notes that Turgenev, starting to create the image of Bazarov, wanted, drawn by an unkind feeling, "to smash him to dust," believing in him. The author loves his heroes, is fond of them and gives Bazarov the opportunity to experience a feeling of love - passionate and young, begins to sympathize with his creation, for which neither happiness nor activity turns out to be possible.

There is no need for Bazarov to live - well, let's look at his death, which is the whole essence, the whole meaning of the novel. What did Turgenev want to say with this untimely but expected death? Yes, the current generation is mistaken, carried away, but it has the strength and intelligence that will lead them on the right path. And only for this thought the author can be grateful as "a great artist and an honest citizen of Russia."

Pisarev admits: the Bazarovs are bad in the world, they have no activity, love, and therefore life is boring and meaningless. What to do - whether to be content with such an existence or to die “beautifully” is up to you.

DI. Pisarev
Bazarov
(Excerpts)

About the novel in general

In the novel there is no beginning, no denouement, no strictly thought out plan; there are types and characters; there are scenes and pictures, and, most importantly, through the fabric of the story the personal, deeply felt attitude of the author to the deduced phenomena of life shines through ... who have experienced the phenomena of reality, passing through the consciousness of the artist.

About Bazarov

In his personality are grouped those properties that are scattered in small portions among the masses.

As an empiricist, Bazarov recognizes only that which can be felt with the hands, seen with the eyes, put on the tongue, in a word, only that which can be witnessed by one of the five senses. He reduces all other human feelings to the activity of the nervous system; as a result of this enjoyment of beauty, nature, music, painting, poetry, love, women do not at all seem to him higher and purer than the enjoyment of a hearty dinner or a bottle of good wine ... You can be indignant at people like Bazarov as much as you like, but admit their sincerity - decisively necessary ... He does not aim at the provincial aces: if the imagination sometimes draws him a future, then this future is somehow indefinitely wide; he works without a goal, to get his daily bread or out of love for the process of work, and yet he dimly feels by the amount of his own strength that his work will not remain without a trace and will lead to something. Bazarov is extremely prideful, but his pride is imperceptible precisely because of his enormity. He is not interested in the little things that make up everyday human relations; he cannot be offended by obvious disdain, he cannot be pleased with signs of respect; he is so full of himself and so unshakably high in his own eyes that he becomes completely indifferent to the opinions of other people.

Bazarov acts everywhere and in everything only as he wants or as it seems to him profitable and convenient. He is driven only by personal whim or personal calculation. Neither above himself nor within himself does he recognize any moral law, any principle. There is no lofty goal ahead; in the mind - no lofty thought, and with all this - enormous forces!

If bazarovism is a disease, then it is a disease of our time, and one has to suffer through it ... Treat Bazarovism whatever you like - that is your business; and stop - don't stop; it's the same cholera.

Bazarov is lying - this is, unfortunately, true. He shrugs off things that he does not know or does not understand; poetry, in his opinion, is nonsense; reading Pushkin is a lost time; making music is funny; to enjoy nature is absurd ... To cut other people to the same level with oneself means to fall into narrow mental despotism ... Bazarov's hobby is very natural; it is explained, firstly, by the one-sidedness of development, and secondly, by the general nature of the era in which we had to live. Bazarov has a thorough knowledge of natural and medical sciences; with their assistance, he knocked out all sorts of prejudices from his head; then he remained an extremely humanuneducated; he had heard something about poetry, something about art, did not bother to think about it, and pronounced the verdict on subjects unfamiliar to him on the shoulder.

Bazarov's personality closes in on itself, because outside it and around it there are almost no related elements at all.

He is incapable of maintaining a binding relationship with a woman; his sincere and wholehearted nature does not lend itself to compromise and does not make concessions; he does not buy a woman's favor with known commitments; he takes it when it is given to him completely voluntarily and unconditionally. But clever women in our country are usually cautious and calculating ... In a word, for Bazarov there are no women capable of evoking a serious feeling in him and, for their part, ardently respond to this feeling.

To die as Bazarov died is the same as to accomplish a great feat ... Bazarov's rationality was in him a forgivable and understandable extreme; this extreme, which made him think over himself and break himself, would disappear from the action of time and life; she disappeared in the same way during the approach of death. He became a man, instead of being the embodiment of the theory of nihilism, and as a man, he expressed a desire to see his beloved woman.

On the continuity of the image of Bazarov

Onegin is colder than Pechorin, and therefore Pechorin fools much more than Onegin, rushes to the Caucasus for impressions, looks for them in Bela's love, in a duel with Grushnitsky, in battles with the Circassians, while Onegin sluggishly and lazily carries his beautiful disappointment around the world. A little Onegin, a little Pechorin, he was and still is with us any more or less intelligent person who owns a wealthy fortune, who grew up in an atmosphere of lordship and did not receive a serious education. Alongside these bored drones there were and are still crowds of people sad, yearning from the unsatisfied desire to be useful ... Society is deaf and inexorable; the ardent desire of the Rudins and Beltovs to get involved in practical activity and to see the fruits of their labors and donations remains fruitless ... It seemed that the ruin was coming to an end, and even Mr. Goncharov himself buried his Oblomov and announced that many Stolts were hidden under Russian names. But the mirage dissipated - the Rudins did not become practical figures: because of the Rudins, a new generation emerged, which treated its predecessors with reproach and mockery ... They recognize their dissimilarity with the masses and boldly separate themselves from it by their actions, habits, and the whole way of life. Whether society will follow them, they do not care. They are full of themselves, their inner life and do not constrain it for the sake of accepted customs and ceremonies. Here the person achieves complete self-liberation, complete singularity and independence. In a word, the Pechorins have will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will; the Bazarovs have both knowledge and will, thought and deed merge into one solid whole.

Turgenev's attitude to Bazarov

Turgenev, obviously, does not like his hero. His soft, loving nature,striving for faith and sympathy, jarring with corrosive realism; his subtle aesthetic feeling, not devoid of a significant dose of aristocracy, is offended by even the slightest flashes of cynicism ...

Unable to show us how Bazarov lives and acts, Turgenev showed us how he dies. This is enough for the first time to form an idea of ​​Bazarov's forces, of those forces whose full development could only be indicated by life ...

The meaning of the novel came out as follows: today's young people are carried away and go to extremes, but fresh strength and an incorruptible mind are reflected in the very hobbies; this strength and this mind, without any extraneous aids and influences, will lead young people onto a straight path and support them in life.

Arkady

Bazarov treats him patronizingly and almost always mockingly ... Arkady does not love his friend, but somehow involuntarily submits to the irresistible influence of a strong personality.

Arkady ... puts on the ideas of Bazarov, which decisively cannot merge with him.

Pavel Petrovich

Arkady's uncle, Pavel Petrovich, can be called Pechorin of small size ... To tell the truth, he has no convictions, but he has habits that he values ​​very much ... Deep down in his soul, Pavel Petrovich is the same skeptic and empiricist as Bazarov himself.

Sitnikov and Kukshina

The young Sitnikov and the young lady Kukshina present a splendidly executed caricature of a brainless progressive and emancipated woman in Russian ... The Sitnikovs and Kukshins will always remain funny personalities: no sensible person will be glad that he is with them under the same banner ...

About the novel.

The point is that the events are not at all entertaining, and the idea is not strikingly correct at all. In the novel there is no beginning, no denouement, no strictly thought out plan; there are types and characters, there are scenes and pictures, and, most importantly, the personal, deeply felt attitude of the author to the deduced phenomena of life appears through the fabric of the story. And these phenomena are very close to us, so close that all our young generation with their aspirations and ideas can recognize themselves in the characters of this novel.

This kind of research can be very profound. Turgenev is one of the best people of the past generation; to determine how he looks at us and why he looks at us in this way and not otherwise is to find the cause of the discord that is seen everywhere in our private family life.

Turgenev's novel, in addition to its artistic beauty, is also remarkable for the fact that it stirs the mind, leads to reflections, although in itself it does not solve any question.

2. About Bazarov.

Bazarov, a strong man in mind and character, is the center of the entire novel. He is a representative of our younger generation; in his personality are grouped those properties that are scattered in small portions among the masses; and the image of this person is vividly and distinctly looming before the imagination of the reader. ... He is not interested in the little things that make up everyday human relationships; he cannot be offended by obvious disdain, he cannot be pleased with signs of respect; he is so full of himself and so unshakably high in his own eyes that he becomes almost completely indifferent to the opinions of other people.

Bazarov acts everywhere and in everything only as he wants, or as it seems to him profitable and convenient. He is driven only by personal whim and personal calculations. Neither above himself, nor outside himself, nor within himself does he recognize any regulator, no moral law, no principle. There is no lofty goal ahead; in the mind - no lofty thought, and with all this - the forces are enormous. ... If bazarovism is a disease, then it is a disease of our time, and one has to suffer through it ... Treat Bazarovism whatever you like - this is your business, but to stop it - do not stop it. This is the same cholera.

He looks down at people and even rarely takes the trouble to hide his half-contemptuous, half-patronizing attitude towards those people who hate him and those who obey him.

Bazarov does not need anyone, is not afraid of anyone, loves no one and, as a result, does not spare anyone.

This kind of aversion to everything that is detached from life and disappears in sounds is a fundamental property of people of the Bazarov type. The Pechorins have will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will. The Bazarovs have both knowledge and will, thought and deed merge into one solid whole.

Bazarov is lying - this is, unfortunately, true. He denies things on the shoulder that he does not know or does not understand. Poetry, in his opinion, is nonsense. Reading Pushkin is a lost time; making music is funny; enjoying nature is ridiculous.

Pursuing romanticism, Bazarov looks for him with incredible suspicion where he has never been. Armed against idealism and shattering its castles in the air, he sometimes himself becomes an idealist, that is, he begins to prescribe laws for a person how and what to enjoy and to what measure to adjust his personal feelings.

Bazarov alone, by himself, stands at the cold height of sober thought, and this loneliness is not hard for him, he is completely absorbed in himself and in work ...

Two episodes finalize this remarkable personality: first, his relationship to the woman he likes, and secondly, his death.

Bazarov can only fall in love with a very smart woman. Having fallen in love with a woman, he will not subordinate his love to any conditions. He will not cool and restrain himself, and in the same way he will not artificially heat up his feelings when it cools down after complete satisfaction. He is unable to maintain a binding relationship with a woman. His sincere and wholehearted nature does not lend itself to compromise and does not make concessions. He does not buy a woman's favor for certain circumstances. He takes it when it is given to him completely voluntarily and unconditionally. But smart women in our country are usually cautious and calculating. ... A woman capable of appreciating will not surrender to him without preconditions, because such a woman usually is on her mind, knows life and, by calculation, preserves her reputation. A woman who is capable of being carried away by feelings, as a naive creature and little thoughtful, will not understand Bazarov and will not love him. In a word, for Bazarov there are no women capable of evoking a serious feeling in him and, for their part, ardently respond to this feeling.

His influence on the people around him proves nothing; after all, Rudin also had influence. There is fish for fishlessness and cancer. And people like Arkady, Nikolai Petrovich, Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna, it is not difficult to make a strong impression. But to look death in the eye, to anticipate its approach, without trying to deceive oneself, to remain true to oneself until the last minute, not to weaken and not become cowardly - this is a matter of a strong character. To die the way Bazarov died is the same as accomplishing a great feat ...

3. About Pavel Petrovich.

As a bilious and passionate person, gifted with a flexible mind and strong will, he is sharply different from his brother and nephew. He does not give in to other people's influence, he subjugates the surrounding personalities and hates those people in whom he meets himself with resistance. To tell the truth, he has no convictions, but he has habits that he values ​​very much. ... In the depths of his soul, Pavel Petrovich is the same skeptic and empiricist as Bazarov himself. In practical life, he always acted and acts as he pleases, but in the field of thought he does not know how to admit this to himself and therefore supports in words such doctrines that his actions constantly contradict.

4. About Arkady Kirsanov.

Arkady Nikolaevich is a young man, not stupid, but completely devoid of mental originality and constantly in need of someone's intellectual support.

Arkady wants to be the son of his age and puts on the ideas of Bazarov, who decisively cannot merge with him.

5. About the denouement of the conflict.

In creating Bazarov, Turgenev wanted to smash him to dust and instead paid him full respect. He wanted to say: our young generation is on the wrong road, and said: in our young generation all our hope is.

D. I. Pisarev

("Fathers and Sons", a novel by I. S. Turgenev)

Turgenev's new novel gives us everything that we are used to enjoying in his works. The artistic finish is immaculately good; characters and positions, scenes and pictures are drawn so clearly and at the same time so softly that the most desperate denier of art will feel some incomprehensible pleasure while reading the novel, which cannot be explained either by the amusement of the events being told, or by the amazing fidelity of the main idea. The point is that the events are not at all entertaining, and the idea is not strikingly correct at all. In the novel there is no beginning, no denouement, no strictly thought out plan; there are types and characters, there are scenes and pictures, and, most importantly, the personal, deeply felt attitude of the author to the deduced phenomena of life appears through the fabric of the story. And these phenomena are very close to us, so close that all our young generation with their aspirations and ideas can recognize themselves in the characters of this novel. By this I do not mean that in Turgenev's novel the ideas and aspirations of the younger generation are reflected in the way the younger generation understands them; Turgenev treats these ideas and aspirations from his personal point of view, and the old man and the young man almost never agree with each other in convictions and sympathies. But if you go to a mirror, which, reflecting objects, changes their color a little, then you will recognize your physiognomy, despite the errors of the mirror. Reading Turgenev's novel, we see in it the types of the present moment and at the same time are aware of the changes that the phenomena of reality have experienced as they pass through the artist's consciousness. It is curious to trace how the ideas and aspirations stirring in our young generation and manifesting, like all living things, in a wide variety of forms, rarely attractive, often original, sometimes ugly, act on a person like Turgenev.

This kind of research can be very profound. Turgenev is one of the best people of the past generation; to determine how he looks at us and why he looks at us in this way and not otherwise is to find the cause of the discord that is seen everywhere in our private family life; that discord, from which young lives often perish and from which the old men and old women constantly groan and groan, who do not have time to process the concepts and actions of their sons and daughters on their stock. The task, as you can see, is vital, large and complex; I probably won't get along with her, but I will think about it.

Turgenev's novel, in addition to its artistic beauty, is also remarkable for the fact that it stirs the mind, prompts thought, although in itself it does not solve any question and even illuminates with a bright light not so much the deduced phenomena as the author's attitude to these very phenomena. He leads one to speculation precisely because he is completely imbued with the most complete, most touching sincerity. Everything that is written in Turgenev's last novel is felt down to the last line; This feeling breaks through against the will and consciousness of the author himself and warms the objective story, instead of being expressed in lyrical digressions. The author himself does not give himself a clear account of his feelings, does not subject them to analysis, does not become critical of them. This circumstance enables us to see these feelings in all their untouched immediacy. We see what shines through, not what the author wants to show or prove. The opinions and judgments of Turgenev will not change even a hair's breadth of our view of the younger generation and the ideas of our time; we will not even take them into consideration, we will not even argue with them; these opinions, judgments and feelings, expressed in inimitable living images, will only provide materials for characterizing the past generation, represented by one of its best representatives. I will try to group these materials and, if I succeed, I will explain why our old people do not agree with us, shake their heads and, depending on their different characters and different moods, they get angry, sometimes bewildered, then quietly sad about our actions and reasoning.

The novel takes place in the summer of 1859. The young candidate, Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov, comes to his father's village with his friend, Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov, who obviously has a strong influence on the way of thinking of his comrade. This Bazarov, a strong man in mind and character, is the center of the entire novel. He is a representative of our younger generation; in his personality are grouped those properties that are scattered in small portions among the masses; and the image of this person is vividly and distinctly looming before the imagination of the reader.

Bazarov is the son of a poor district doctor; Turgenev says nothing about his student life, but it must be assumed that it was a poor, hard, hard life; Bazarov's father says about his son that he never took an extra penny from them; to tell the truth, a lot and could not be taken even with the greatest desire, therefore, if old man Bazarov says this in praise of his son, it means that Evgeny Vasilyevich supported himself at the university with his own labors, was interrupted by penny lessons and at the same time found the ability to efficiently prepare yourself for future activities. From this school of labor and hardship Bazarov emerged as a strong and stern man; the course he took in natural and medical sciences developed his natural intelligence and weaned him from accepting any concepts and beliefs on faith; he became a pure empiricist; experience became for him the only source of knowledge, personal sensation the only and last convincing evidence. “I'm in the negative direction,” he says, “because of the sensations. I am pleased to deny that my brain is so wired - and that's it! Why do I like chemistry? Why do you like apples? Also by virtue of sensation, it is all one. People will never penetrate deeper than this. Not everyone will tell you this, and I won't tell you that next time either. " As an empiricist, Bazarov recognizes only that which can be felt with the hands, seen with the eyes, put on the tongue, in a word, only that which can be witnessed by one of the five senses. He reduces all other human feelings to the activity of the nervous system; as a result of this enjoyment of the beauties of nature, music, painting, poetry, love, women do not at all seem to him higher and purer than the enjoyment of a hearty dinner or a bottle of good wine. What enthusiastic youths call an ideal does not exist for Bazarov; he calls all this "romanticism", and sometimes instead of the word "romanticism" he uses the word "nonsense." Despite all this, Bazarov does not steal other people's scarves, does not pull money from parents, works diligently and does not even mind doing something worthwhile in life. I have a presentiment that many of my readers will ask themselves the question: what is keeping Bazarov from doing vile actions and what prompts him to do something worthwhile? This question will lead to the following doubt: is Bazarov not pretending to himself and to others? Is he not being drawn? Perhaps, in the depths of his soul, he recognizes much of what he denies in words, and perhaps it is this acknowledged, this hidden thing that saves him from a moral fall and from moral insignificance. Although Bazarov is neither a matchmaker nor a brother to me, although I may not sympathize with him, however, for the sake of abstract justice, I will try to answer the question and refute the crafty doubt.

You can be indignant at people like Bazarov as much as you like, but it is absolutely necessary to recognize their sincerity. These people can be honest and dishonest, civilians and outright fraudsters, depending on the circumstances and personal tastes. Nothing, except for personal taste, prevents them from killing and robbing, and nothing, except for personal taste, encourages people of such temper to make discoveries in the field of sciences and social life. Bazarov will not steal a handkerchief for the same reason why he does not eat a piece of rotten beef. If Bazarov were dying of hunger, then he probably would have done both. The agonizing feeling of unsatisfied physical need would overcome his aversion to the bad smell of decomposing meat and to secret encroachment on someone else's property. In addition to direct attraction, Bazarov has another guide in life - calculation. When he is ill, he takes medicine, although he does not feel any immediate attraction to castor oil or to asafoetida. He does this by calculation: at the cost of a little trouble, he buys more convenience in the future, or getting rid of a bigger nuisance. In a word, he chooses the lesser of two evils, although he does not feel any attraction to the lesser. For mediocre people this kind of calculation is for the most part untenable; they cheat by calculation, dishonest, steal, get entangled, and in the end are fools. People who are very smart do differently; they understand that being honest is very beneficial and that any crime, from simple lies to murder, is dangerous and, therefore, inconvenient. Therefore, very smart people can be honest in calculation and act honestly where limited people will wag and throw loops. Working tirelessly, Bazarov obeyed immediate attraction, taste and, moreover, acted according to the most correct calculation. If he sought patronage, bowed, poddled, instead of toil and behave proudly and independently, he would have acted imprudently. Careers made with one's own head are always stronger and wider than careers laid by low bows or the intercession of an important uncle. Thanks to the last two means, you can get into the provincial or capital aces, but by the mercy of these means, no one, since the world stands, has managed to become either Washington, Garibaldi, Copernicus, or Heinrich Heine. Even Herostratus - and he made a career for himself on his own and got into history not through patronage. As for Bazarov, he does not aim at the provincial aces: if the imagination sometimes draws him a future, then this future is somehow indefinitely wide; he works without a goal, to get his daily bread or out of love for the process of work, but meanwhile he dimly feels by the amount of his own strength that his work will not remain without a trace and will lead to something. Bazarov is extremely prideful, but his pride is imperceptible precisely because of his enormity. He is not interested in the little things that make up everyday human relationships; he cannot be offended by obvious disdain, he cannot be pleased with signs of respect; he is so full of himself and so unshakably high in his own eyes that he becomes almost completely indifferent to the opinions of other people. Uncle Kirsanov, who is close to Bazarov in mind and character, calls his vanity "satanic pride." This expression is very well chosen and perfectly characterizes our hero. Indeed, only an eternity of constantly expanding activity and constantly increasing pleasure could satisfy Bazarov, but, unfortunately for himself, Bazarov does not recognize the eternal existence of the human person. “Why, for example,” he says to his friend Kirsanov, “you said today, passing by the hut of our head Philip,“ she’s so nice, white, ”you said: Russia will then reach perfection when the last man has the same room , and each of us should contribute to this ... And I also hated this last man, Philip or Sidor, for whom I have to get out of my skin and who will not even say thank you to me ... And why would I thank him? Well, he will live in a white hut, and a burdock will grow out of me; - well, and then? "

About the novel as a whole:

“... In the novel there is no beginning, no denouement, no strictly thought out plan; there are types and characters; there are scenes and pictures, and, most importantly, through the fabric of the story the personal, deeply felt attitude of the author to the deduced phenomena of life shines through ... who have experienced the phenomena of reality, passing through the consciousness of the artist. "

About Bazarov:

"In his personality are grouped those properties that are scattered in small portions among the masses."

“As an empiricist, Bazarov recognizes only that which can be touched with the hands, seen with the eyes, put on the tongue, in a word, only that which can be witnessed by one of the five senses. He reduces all other human feelings to the activity of the nervous system; as a result of this enjoyment of the beauties of nature, music, painting, ezia, love, women do not at all seem to him higher and purer than the enjoyment of a hearty dinner or a bottle of good wine ... You can resent people like Bazarov as much as you like, but recognize their sincerity - it is absolutely necessary ... He does not aim at the provincial aces: if the imagination sometimes draws him a future, then this future is somehow indefinitely wide; he works without a goal, to get his daily bread or out of love for the process of work, and yet he dimly feels by the amount of his own strength that his work will not remain without a trace and will lead to something. Bazarov is extremely prideful, but his pride is imperceptible precisely because of his enormity. He is not interested in the little things that make up everyday human relationships; he cannot be offended by obvious disdain, he cannot be pleased with signs of respect; he is so full of himself and so unshakably high in his own eyes that he becomes completely indifferent to the opinions of other people. "

“Bazarov acts everywhere and in everything only as he wants or as it seems to him profitable and convenient. He is driven only by personal whim or personal calculation. Neither above himself nor within himself does he recognize any moral law, any principle. There is no lofty goal ahead; in the mind - no lofty thought, and with all this - enormous forces! "

“If bazarovism is a disease, then it is a disease of our time, and one has to suffer through it ... Treat Bazarovism whatever you like — it's your business; and stop - don't stop; it's the same cholera. "

“Bazarov is lying - this is, unfortunately, fair. He shrugs off things that he does not know or does not understand; poetry, in his opinion, is nonsense; reading Pushkin is a lost time; making music is funny; to enjoy nature is absurd ... To cut other people to the same level with oneself means to fall into narrow mental despotism ... Bazarov's hobby is very natural; it is explained, firstly, by the one-sidedness of development, and secondly, by the general nature of the era in which we had to live. Bazarov has a thorough knowledge of natural and medical sciences; with their assistance, he knocked out all sorts of prejudices from his head; then he remained an extremely uneducated person; he heard something about poetry, something about art, didn’t bother to think about it, and pronounced the verdict on subjects unfamiliar to him on the shoulder ”.

"Bazarov's personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no related elements at all."

“He is incapable of maintaining an obligatory relationship with a woman; his sincere and wholehearted nature does not lend itself to compromise and does not make concessions; he does not buy a woman's favor with known commitments; he takes it when it is given to him completely voluntarily and unconditionally. But smart women in our country are usually cautious and calculating ... In a word, for Bazarov there are no women capable of evoking a serious feeling in him and, on their part, ardently respond to this feeling. "

To die the way Bazarov died is the same as to accomplish a great feat ... Bazarov's rationality was in him a forgivable and understandable extreme; this extreme, which made him think over himself and break himself, would disappear from the action of time and life; she disappeared in the same way during the approach of death. He became a man, instead of being the embodiment of the theory of nihilism, and, as a man, he expressed a desire to see his beloved woman. "

On the continuity of Bazarov's image:

“... Onegin is colder than Pechorin, and therefore Pechorin plays the fool much more than Onegin, rushes to the Caucasus for impressions, looks for them in Bela's love, in a duel with Grushnitsky, in battles with the Circassians, while Onegin sluggishly and lazily carries around the world its beautiful disappointment. A little Onegin, a little Pechorin was and still is "every more or less intelligent person who owns a wealthy fortune, who grew up in an atmosphere of lordship and did not receive a serious education. Next to these bored drones there were and are still crowds of people who are sad, yearning from the unsatisfied desire to be useful ... Society is dull and inexorable; the ardent desire of the Rudins and Beltovs to get involved in practical activities and to see the fruits of their labors and donations remains fruitless ... and announced that many Stolz were hidden under Russian names, but the mirage dissipated - the Rudins did not become practical figures: because of the Rudins, a new generation emerged, which treated their predecessors with reproach and mockery ... from her actions, habits, the whole way of life. Will society follow them, before that and m no business. They are full of themselves, their inner life and do not constrain it for the sake of accepted customs and ceremonies. Here the person achieves complete self-liberation, complete singularity and independence. In a word, the Pechorins have will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will; the Bazarovs have both knowledge and will, thought and deed merge into one solid whole *.

Turgenev's attitude to Bazarov:

“Turgenev, obviously, does not like his hero. His soft, loving nature, striving for faith and sympathy, jarring with corrosive realism; his subtle aesthetic feeling, not devoid of a significant dose of aristocracy, is offended by even the slightest flashes of cynicism ... "

“Unable to show us how Bazarov lives and acts, Turgenev showed us how he dies. This is enough for the first time to form an idea of ​​Bazarov's forces, of those forces whose full development could only be indicated by life ... "

“The meaning of the novel came out as follows: today's young people are carried away and go to extremes, but in the very hobbies fresh strength and incorruptible mind are reflected; this strength and this mind, without any outside help and influence, will lead young people on a straight path and support them in life. "

Arkady:

"Bazarov treats him patronizingly and almost always mockingly ... Arkady does not love his friend, but somehow involuntarily submits to the irresistible influence of a strong personality."

"Arkady ... is putting on Bazarov's ideas, which absolutely cannot merge with him."

Pavel Petrovich:

“Arkady's uncle, Pavel Petrovich, can be called Pechorin of small size ... To tell the truth, he has no convictions, but he has habits that he values ​​very much ... Deep down in his soul, Pavel Petrovich is the same skeptic and empiricist, like Bazarov himself. "

Sitnikov and Kukshina:

“The young man Sitnikov and the young lady Kukshina represent a superbly executed caricature of a brainless progressive and emancipated woman in Russian ... The Sitnikovs and Kukshins will always remain funny personalities: no sensible person will be glad that he is with them under the same banner ... "