Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was written during the period of transition of Russian society from outdated, home-building traditions and values ​​to new, educational views and ideas. This process became the most complex and difficult for representatives of the landowner social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if part of society easily adapted to the new circumstances, for others the transition process turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. The representative of precisely such landowners, who failed to change with the world, adapting to it, in the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building education, which formed many of the main character traits of Oblomov - weak-willedness, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, reluctance to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him. Excessive parental care, constant prohibitions, and the pacifying and lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most minor difficulties.

The inconsistency of Oblomov’s character in the novel “Oblomov”

The negative side of Oblomov’s character

In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything on his own, hoping for help from the outside - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who is able to solve the problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will himself figure out the situation that interests Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions he himself has invented. Spending all his days lying on the sofa, Oblomov makes unrealistic plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he imagines for himself - echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.

It would seem that a lazy, lumbering hero living in an untidy apartment cannot evoke sympathy and affection from the reader, especially against the backdrop of Ilya Ilyich’s active, purposeful friend, Stolz. However, Oblomov’s true essence is revealed gradually, which allows us to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, the care and control of his parents, the sensitive, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy of what was gained through one’s own labor. From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful servants carried out orders at the first call, and his parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Finding himself outside his parents' nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and welcomingly as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for themselves. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, “cruel” world in his dreams.

Positive side of Oblomov’s character

The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state leading to personality degradation was Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. Perhaps Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only the negative, but also the positive traits of Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner calm and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stolz came in difficult moments, when he needed support and understanding. Oblomov’s dove-like tenderness, sensuality and sincerity are also revealed during his relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to “Oblomov” values ​​- this reveals him as a subtle psychologist. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, because he understands that he cannot give Olga the happiness she dreams of.

Oblomov’s character and fate are closely connected - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, together with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of the difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete withdrawal into the pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.

National character in the novel "Oblomov"

The image of Oblomov in Goncharov’s novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the fool on the stove, about whom the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like the character in the fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a supportive firebird or a kind sorceress will appear and take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hard-working, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless,” “some kind of lazy person who is offended by everyone.”

Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible is the main feature not only of Ilya Ilyich, but also of any Russian person raised on folk tales and legends. Finding itself on fertile soil, this faith becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “his fairy tale is mixed with life, and he is unconsciously sad sometimes, why is a fairy tale not life, and why is life not a fairy tale.”

At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that “Oblomov” happiness that he has long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring, kind wife, an organized life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to the woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three tests, after which he will be expected to fulfill all his desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, giving in first to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for the sake of Olga. Describing Oblomov’s life, the author seems to be ironizing about the hero’s excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle for which there is no need to fight.

Conclusion

At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov’s character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, allow us to see in Ilya Ilyich the eternal image of an unrealized personality “out of his time” - an “extra person” who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore left into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but the incorrect upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Raised as a “houseplant,” Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was harsh enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.

Work test

“Oblomov’s Dream” is the key to unraveling the hero’s character.”

Target:

Analyze “Oblomov’s Dream”, identifying those aspects of the life of Oblomov’s followers that influenced the formation of the hero’s dual nature (on the one hand, poetic consciousness, on the other, inactivity and apathy).

Lesson objectives:

- identify the role of sleep in the novel “Oblomov”

- develop students' skills work with text, analyze literary texts, group, highlight the main points and generalize;

- nurturing an active life position and a sense of responsibility for one’s future.

Forms of student work – frontal conversation, text analysis, group work, independent work, application of existing knowledge in a new situation

Regulatory UUD

1. Determine the goal, problem in educational activities.

2. Propose versions.

3 . Plan activities in a learning situation.

4 . Evaluate the extent and methods of achieving a goal in a learning situation.

Cognitive UUD

1. Master semantic reading.

2. Identify cause-and-effect relationships.

3. Draw conclusions.

4. Work independently with information, find it, comprehend and use it.

5. Present information in different forms (text).

6. Find reliable information from different sources to solve a learning problem.

7. Classify according to given reasons.

8. Define concepts.

Personal UUD

1. Evaluate your own and others' actions.

Communicative UUD

1. Ability to work in pairs.

2. Express your opinion, giving reasons for it.

3. Create oral and written texts.

4. Use verbal means in accordance with the communication situation.

Lesson type Learning new material

Expected results.

SUBJECT:

Knowledge of the text of the novel; artistic techniques as a means of creating the image of Oblomovka, the world and way of life of the Oblomovites; functions of sleep in a work of art and in the novel “Oblomov”; the genre uniqueness of this chapter;

METAPUBJECT:

Continue to work on developing students’ skills in independently analyzing what they read; the ability to give an assessment based on personal perception and understanding of the artistic features of a work; develop the skill of expressive reading, monologue and dialogic forms of speech; enrichment of vocabulary.

PERSONAL

Respectful attitude towards the teacher and classmates. Application of acquired knowledge in practice. The ability to determine the purpose of the lesson and set the tasks necessary to achieve it. The ability to listen to the teacher and answer questions, express your point of view. Cognitive interest in literature, the process of scientific knowledge. Understanding the role of the author in the work.

Topic on the board

“_____Oblomova” - the key to _______hero"

During the classes

II . Organization of the beginning of the lesson:

Hello guys! Sit down please. My name is Marina Nikolaevna Ustinova. Today I will teach you a literature lesson. I hope that our communication will be pleasant and useful.

The title of the topic of our lesson is missing two words. After watching the video fragment, we need to restore one of them.

(watch video clip)

What chapter do you think the events of are contained in the video clip?

(“Oblomov’s Dream”,IX chapter)

So they restored the first word: DREAM.

(include the word DREAM in the title of the topic)

- What goals would you set for yourself? What would you like to find out for yourself?

(-analyze the dream

-What is the function of Oblomov’s sleep in the novel?

-What is the genre uniqueness of the chapter?

Oblomov" earlier than the first part of the novel?)

- What will be the results of the lesson?

What associations does the word DREAM evoke in you?

Write a few of them down on your worksheets.

Name it.

________________________________ will tell us about dreams

(pre-prepared message from the student(s)

Dreams have long been used in fiction to create a mysterious atmosphere, motivate the actions of characters, and convey their emotional state. Since the times of ancient Russian literature, dreams have warned of dangers, served as signs, provided assistance, instructed, tested, and presented choices. Dreams perform retrospective (looking into the past) and prognostic functions. They absorb all three times: they show pictures of the past, present and future. Dreams can serve as memory. Thus, dreams in works of fiction have multiple meanings.

Let's remember in which previously studied works you encountered dream episodes?

Work

Meaning of sleep

A.S. Pushkin

"Eugene Onegin"

Tatyana's dream plays a large role in the novel. It not only shows deep nationality of the main character, but also prompts to the reader further events works.

A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”

Prophetic Grinev’s dream is inspired by a blizzard (“... I dozed off, lulled by the singing of the storm and the rolling of the quiet ride...”), he seems to continue the description of the storm. Dream anticipates further events. Pushkin uses vivid dream symbolism. For example, the “axe” that the “man” is swinging, “dead bodies”, bloody puddles” are not only images of a dream, these are terrible pictures seen by Grinev after the capture of the Belogorsk fortress.

A.N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”

Katerina's dreams reveal the heroine's inner world, dreaminess, poetic nature. Dreams are vague, vague, exciting.

V.A. Zhukovsky “Svetlana”

All turbulent events in a dream, a reflection of fears, seek happiness in the real world)

A.S.Griboyedov

"Woe from Wit"

Sophia's Dream - A dream at the very beginning of the work. Predict future events.

N.V.Gogol

"Inspector"

Mayor's Dream. Fear creates a situation of delusion, they associate the dream with the arrival of the auditor, it fell on his head.

I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”

Oblomov's dream

?

1. Dream - as revealing the spiritual state of the hero, a means of psychological analysis.

2. Dream - as a prediction of the future.

What function does a dream perform in the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharova? Working in groups will help answer this question.

How many parts does it consist of (relatively speaking)? How did you determine this?

(“Oblomov’s Dream” consists of 3 parts:

"Blessed Corner of the Earth"

Seven-year-old Oblomov in his parents' house. Schedule. Raising a boy. Perception of the surrounding world. Nanny's Tales.

Oblomov is 13-14 years old. Oblomov's education. Oblomovites' views on life.

Each group analyzes their part of the dream, highlighting key words. Questions and theses will help you with this. Then we review each part.

Group performance

Each part is a series of vivid episodes from Oblomov’s childhood, completely different in theme, but connected by a common idea.

Nature, family lifestyle, outlook on life and education influenced the formation WHAT??? – (Character Main character.)

(a slide “+” and “-” sides of Oblomov’s life appears)

Positive moments of Oblomov’s life

Negative aspects of Oblomov’s life

Picture of the world

1. The unity of people with nature; man has no fear of it.

2. The unity of people with each other, the love of parents for Ilya.

1. Oblomovka’s isolation from the outside world, even the Oblomovites’ fear of it (the story with the ravine, the fear of writing).

Philosophy of life.

1. Measured, calm life, where, as in nature, there are no disasters. Death, which comes unnoticed, is also perceived as a natural process.

2. There is no place for evil in Oblomovka.

1. From the daily routine it is clear that life is a mechanical repetition of eating and sleeping, empty evenings and fruitless conversations.

2. The Oblomovites’ inability to work, their attitude towards work as a punishment, hope in everything “maybe” (a shaky porch, Onisim Suslov’s hut, a collapsed gallery).

Child education

1. Mother's love.

2. Formation of a poetic spirituality in a child with the help of fairy tales and folklore.

1. Excessive love, leading to protection from one’s own activities.

2. Fairy tales give rise to fruitless dreams that a miracle can happen in life without difficulty, and this leads to the complete passivity of the hero.

What character traits did Oblomov develop? Record in the Worksheet table. (children write down)

Positive features

Philanthropy

Honesty

Conscientiousness

Kindness

"columbine simplicity

The ability to feel beauty

Self-criticism

Capacity for self-blame

Reluctance to be humiliated by vanity (career, money, fame)

The desire for harmony in the soul

Negative traits

Inability to overcome difficulties

Lack of will

Indecisiveness

Inertia

Barsky arrogance

Hope for "maybe"

Passivity

Empty reverie

To name a few...

So, the table reflects the opposite sides of Oblomov’s life. And more often than not, the hero himself was assessed only taking into account one side that influenced his life. Here are two statements from critics. Read them. Which side did they take in Oblomov?

N. Dobrolyubov: “In Goncharov’s book we see a living modern Russian type, minted with merciless rigor and correctness. What are the features of Oblomov’s character? In complete inertia, resulting from apathy towards everything that is happening in the world...”

A.V. Druzhinin: “The sleepy Oblomov, a native of the sleepy and yet poetic Oblomovka, is free from moral diseases... He is not infected with everyday depravity. A child by nature and according to the conditions of his development, Ilya Ilyich largely left behind him the purity and simplicity of a child, which place the dreamy eccentric above the prejudices of his age.”

Who do you think is right?

(students come to the conclusion that both of these sides exist in Oblomov’s personality, and neither one nor the other can be excluded or absolutized.)

Now return to your associations with the word “sleep.”

Is there anything in Oblomov’s character that you noted in the associations?

This means that we have correctly identified the role of sleep in the novel.

Lesson summary

What thoughts will you leave the lesson with?

Today we took Oblomov on a journey into his childhood, examined the hero under a linguistic microscope to understand “why he is like this.” There is a lot that is attractive about him: he is charming, kind, gentle, and able to think. But he turned out to be unprepared for life: he was not taught to work, to act independently, and his vivid imagination and curiosity were not encouraged. As a result, a decent, intelligent person turned into an apathetic one, and his name became a household name.

Today's conversation is useful for you and as future parents. “Oblomov” is an example of how not to educate. I.A. Goncharov wrote: “And the child watched everything and observed everything with his childish mind, not missing anything.”

D/z

At home, try to find a word for each letter of the hero’s surname that relates to the character’s character.

ABOUT -

B –

L –

ABOUT -

M –

ABOUT -

Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was written during the period of transition of Russian society from outdated, home-building traditions and values ​​to new, educational views and ideas. This process became the most complex and difficult for representatives of the landowner social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if part of society easily adapted to the new circumstances, for others the transition process turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. The representative of precisely such landowners, who failed to change with the world, adapting to it, in the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building education, which formed many of the main character traits of Oblomov - weak-willedness, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, reluctance to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him. Excessive parental care, constant prohibitions, and the pacifying and lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most minor difficulties.

The inconsistency of Oblomov’s character in the novel “Oblomov”

The negative side of Oblomov’s character

In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything on his own, hoping for help from the outside - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who is able to solve the problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will himself figure out the situation that interests Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions he himself has invented. Spending all his days lying on the sofa, Oblomov makes unrealistic plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he imagines for himself - echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.

It would seem that a lazy, lumbering hero living in an untidy apartment cannot evoke sympathy and affection from the reader, especially against the backdrop of Ilya Ilyich’s active, purposeful friend, Stolz. However, Oblomov’s true essence is revealed gradually, which allows us to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, the care and control of his parents, the sensitive, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy of what was gained through one’s own labor. From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful servants carried out orders at the first call, and his parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Finding himself outside his parents' nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and welcomingly as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for themselves. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, “cruel” world in his dreams.

Positive side of Oblomov’s character

The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state leading to personality degradation was Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. Perhaps Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only the negative, but also the positive traits of Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner calm and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stolz came in difficult moments, when he needed support and understanding. Oblomov’s dove-like tenderness, sensuality and sincerity are also revealed during his relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to “Oblomov” values ​​- this reveals him as a subtle psychologist. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, because he understands that he cannot give Olga the happiness she dreams of.

Oblomov’s character and fate are closely connected - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, together with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of the difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete withdrawal into the pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.

National character in the novel "Oblomov"

The image of Oblomov in Goncharov’s novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the fool on the stove, about whom the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like the character in the fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a supportive firebird or a kind sorceress will appear and take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hard-working, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless,” “some kind of lazy person who is offended by everyone.”

Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible is the main feature not only of Ilya Ilyich, but also of any Russian person raised on folk tales and legends. Finding itself on fertile soil, this faith becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “his fairy tale is mixed with life, and he is unconsciously sad sometimes, why is a fairy tale not life, and why is life not a fairy tale.”

At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that “Oblomov” happiness that he has long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring, kind wife, an organized life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to the woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three tests, after which he will be expected to fulfill all his desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, giving in first to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for the sake of Olga. Describing Oblomov’s life, the author seems to be ironizing about the hero’s excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle for which there is no need to fight.

Conclusion

At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov’s character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, allow us to see in Ilya Ilyich the eternal image of an unrealized personality “out of his time” - an “extra person” who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore left into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but the incorrect upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Raised as a “houseplant,” Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was harsh enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.

Work test

The central character of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a gentleman “thirty-two years old.” The work is dedicated to revealing his life philosophy, way of existence, his psychology.
Oblomov's main character traits are apathy, laziness, and inactivity. He lies on the couch all day, completely uninterested in anything. But this state of affairs does not bother the hero at all: everything suits him in this existence: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity,... nor an accident...: it was his normal state.” On the contrary, Oblomov’s discomfort is caused by intrusive “touches of life.”
However, this hero also has his own dreams. In the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream,” the author outlines them to us quite clearly. We see that my native Oblomovka instilled in Ilya Ilyich a love of home comfort, silence, and peace: “Happy people lived, thinking that it should not and cannot be otherwise.”

r /> This person vitally needed love, care, warmth and affection. Let's remember his dreams about his family life. Oblomov dreamed of a wife-mother, wife-housewife, and not of a passionate lover: “Yes, passion must be limited, strangled and drowned in marriage...” He imagined a very warm pastime - in the peaceful circle of family and loving friends. Here conversations would be held about art, about events happening in the world, etc.
It is precisely the need for such a life - where everyone loves each other, is satisfied with each other and with themselves - that, it seems to me, is Oblomov’s ideal in life. It is for this that Olga Ilyinskaya called the hero a “heart of gold,” because he knew how not only to take love, but also to generously give it and share it.
Of course, Oblomovka cultivated not only this in her Ilyusha. She instilled in him fear of life, indecision, laziness, helplessness, and snobbery. And, in addition, she formed a completely distorted idea of ​​​​adult life.
All this - both positive and negative - manifested itself in the hero’s life later. We know that in his youth, Oblomov, supported by Stolz, dreamed of improving himself, changing himself and the world around him. However, if Stolz began to realize his dreams, then Oblomov’s words remained just words.
Arriving in St. Petersburg, the hero gradually became disillusioned with the service (“When will we live?”), retired from all affairs and lay down on the sofa. Somehow, Oblomov imperceptibly lost almost all his acquaintances, because in order to maintain communication, you need to make some effort. And this was completely unbearable for the hero.
Only once did Ilya Ilyich perk up and begin to change - by falling in love with Olga Ilyinskaya.
r /> Then the hero was ready to do whatever his beloved wanted. Ilya Ilyich really began to change - he forced himself to be interested in the life around him, move more, eat less. But in this story, Oblomov’s uncertainty and his fear of change played a tragic role. At one point, he felt that he was unworthy of Olga, and wrote a letter to the girl with an explanation: “Listen, without any hints, I will say directly and simply: you do not love me and cannot love me.”
After this, Oblomov’s life took its usual course - he continued to lie in seclusion, communicating only with Zakhar and occasionally with Stolz.

http://www.litra.ru/composition/download/coid/00330401314114204204

Essay Oblomov's character traits reasoning

Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was written in the mid-nineteenth century and accurately described a prominent representative of noble society, who has a consumerist attitude towards life and the people around him, and cannot find application for his knowledge and abilities. This is the fruit of upbringing, accustomed from generation to generation to use slave labor, to live at the expense of another person.

The main character of the novel is called Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. He repeats not only his father's name, but also his habits and lifestyle. A life test for Oblomov was his studies at the boarding school. He studied well, but was more happy when his parents, having come up with dozens of reasons, left him at home. After finishing his studies at the boarding school, and then in Moscow, Ilya Ilyich enters the service. But even there he cannot hold out for more than two years. He finds doing any work boring and uninteresting.

He justifies his passivity by saying that he has big plans for the future. Lying on the sofa, he ponders a plan for reorganizing the estate. But things don’t go further than dreams. And even his friend Andrei Stolts cannot stir him up. Going abroad on business, Andrei introduces Oblomov to Olga Ilyinskaya. But this acquaintance only revived Oblomov’s life for a short time. Kind and honest by nature, Ilya Ilyich suddenly realizes that he cannot make Olga happy, that their views on life are very different.

He wants a calm, measured life, without difficulties and shocks, to be surrounded by kind and loving people. The owner of the house where he rented an apartment, Pshenitsyn’s widow, was able to provide him with such a life. Over time, she became his wife, the mother of his son, was his nurse, his guardian angel. Even Stolz, having arrived to Oblomov, realized that he could not change his friend’s life.

After Oblomov’s death, Stolz told the writer about his fate. He wanted readers to appreciate his pure soul and constant struggle with himself and the life around him.

Plan

1. Introduction
2. Conclusion

Introduction

Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was written during the period of transition of Russian society from outdated, home-building traditions and values ​​to new, educational views and ideas. This process became the most complex and difficult for representatives of the landowner social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if part of society easily adapted to the new circumstances, for others the transition process turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. The representative of precisely such landowners, who failed to change with the world, adapting to it, in the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building education, which formed many of the main character traits of Oblomov - weak-willedness, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, reluctance to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him.
Excessive parental care, constant prohibitions, and the pacifying and lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most minor difficulties.

The inconsistency of Oblomov’s character in the novel “Oblomov”

The negative side of Oblomov’s character

In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything on his own, hoping for help from the outside - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who is able to solve the problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will himself figure out the situation that interests Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions he himself has invented. Spending all his days lying on the sofa, Oblomov makes unrealistic plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he imagines for himself - echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.

It would seem that a lazy, lumbering hero living in an untidy apartment cannot evoke sympathy and affection from the reader, especially against the backdrop of Ilya Ilyich’s active, purposeful friend, Stolz. However, Oblomov’s true essence is revealed gradually, which allows us to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, the care and control of his parents, the sensitive, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy of what was gained through one’s own labor.
From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful servants carried out orders at the first call, and his parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Finding himself outside his parents' nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and welcomingly as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for themselves. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, “cruel” world in his dreams.

Positive side of Oblomov’s character

The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state leading to personality degradation was Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. Perhaps Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only the negative, but also the positive traits of Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner calm and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stolz came in difficult moments, when he needed support and understanding. Oblomov’s dove-like tenderness, sensuality and sincerity are also revealed during his relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to “Oblomov” values ​​- this reveals him as a subtle psychologist. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, because he understands that he cannot give Olga the happiness she dreams of.

Oblomov’s character and fate are closely connected - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, together with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of the difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete withdrawal into the pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.

National character in the novel "Oblomov"

The image of Oblomov in Goncharov’s novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the fool on the stove, about whom the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like the character in the fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a supportive firebird or a kind sorceress will appear and take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hard-working, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless,” “some kind of lazy person who is offended by everyone.”

Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible is the main feature not only of Ilya Ilyich, but also of any Russian person raised on folk tales and legends. Finding itself on fertile soil, this faith becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “his fairy tale is mixed with life, and he is unconsciously sad sometimes, why is a fairy tale not life, and why is life not a fairy tale.”

At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that “Oblomov” happiness that he has long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring, kind wife, an organized life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to the woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three tests, after which he will be expected to fulfill all his desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, giving in first to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for the sake of Olga. Describing Oblomov’s life, the author seems to be ironizing about the hero’s excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle for which there is no need to fight.

Conclusion

At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov’s character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, allow us to see in Ilya Ilyich the eternal image of an unrealized personality “out of his time” - an “extra person” who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore left into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but the incorrect upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Raised as a “houseplant,” Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was harsh enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.

Positive and negative character traits of Oblomov, his inconsistency in Goncharov’s novel | source

The main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a landowner who, however, lives permanently in St. Petersburg. Oblomov's character is perfectly maintained throughout the novel. It is far from being as simple as it might seem at first glance. The main character traits of Oblomov are an almost painful weakness of will, expressed in laziness and apathy, then a lack of living interests and desires, fear of life, fear of any changes in general.

But, along with these negative traits, there are also major positive ones in him: remarkable spiritual purity and sensitivity, good nature, cordiality and tenderness; Oblomov has a “crystal soul,” as Stolz puts it; these traits attract to him the sympathy of everyone who comes into close contact with him: Stolz, Olga, Zakhar, Agafya Matveevna, even his former colleagues who visit him in the first part of the novel. Moreover, Oblomov is far from stupid by nature, but his mental abilities are dormant, suppressed by laziness; He has both a desire for good and a consciousness of the need to do something for the common good (for example, for his peasants), but all these good inclinations are completely paralyzed in him by apathy and lack of will. All these character traits of Oblomov appear brightly and prominently in the novel, despite the fact that there is little action in it; in this case, this is not a drawback of the work, since it fully corresponds to the apathetic, inactive nature of the main character. The brightness of the characterization is achieved mainly through the accumulation of small but characteristic details that vividly depict the habits and inclinations of the person depicted; Thus, just from the description of Oblomov’s apartment and its furnishings on the first pages of the novel, one can get a fairly accurate idea of ​​the personality of the owner himself. This method of characterization is one of Goncharov’s favorite artistic techniques; That’s why in his works there are so many small details of everyday life, furnishings, etc.

In the first part of the novel, Goncharov introduces us to Oblomov’s lifestyle, his habits, and also talks about his past, how his character developed. During this entire part, which describes one “morning” of Oblomov, he almost never leaves his bed; in general, lying on a bed or on a sofa, in a soft robe, was, according to Goncharov, his “normal state.” Any activity tired him; Oblomov once tried to serve, but not for long, because he could not get used to the demands of the service, to strict accuracy and diligence; a fussy official life, writing papers, the purpose of which was sometimes unknown to him, the fear of making mistakes - all this weighed on Oblomov, and, having once sent an official paper instead of Astrakhan to Arkhangelsk, he chose to resign. Since then, he lived at home, almost never leaving: neither to society, nor to the theater, almost never leaving his beloved deceased robe. His time passed in a lazy “crawling from day to day,” in idle doing nothing or in no less idle dreams of great exploits, of glory. This play of imagination occupied and amused him, in the absence of other, more serious mental interests. Like any serious work that requires attention and concentration, reading tired him; therefore, he read almost nothing, did not follow life in the newspapers, content with the rumors that rare guests brought to him; the half-read book, unfolded in the middle, turned yellow and became covered with dust, and in the inkwell, instead of ink, there were only flies. Every extra step, every effort of will was beyond his power; Even concern for himself, for his own well-being, weighed on him, and he willingly left it to others, for example, Zakhar, or relied on “maybe,” on the fact that “somehow everything will work out.” Whenever a serious decision had to be made, he complained that “life touches you everywhere.” His ideal was a calm, peaceful life, without worries and without any changes, so that “today” would be like “yesterday”, and “tomorrow” would be like “today”. Everything that disturbed the monotonous course of his existence, every concern, every change frightened and depressed him. The letter from the headman, who demanded his orders, and the need to move out of the apartment seemed to him real “misfortunes,” in his own words, and he only calmed down with the fact that somehow all this would work out.

But if there were no other traits in Oblomov’s character other than laziness, apathy, weak-willedness, mental slumber, then he, of course, could not have interested the reader in himself, and Olga would not have been interested in him, and could not have served as the hero of an entire extensive novel. To do this, it is necessary that these negative aspects of his character be balanced by equally important positive ones that can arouse our sympathy. And Goncharov, indeed, from the very first chapters shows these personality traits of Oblomov. In order to more clearly highlight its positive, sympathetic sides, Goncharov introduced several episodic persons who appear in the novel only once and then disappear from its pages without a trace. This is Volkov, an empty socialite, a dandy, looking for only pleasures in life, alien to any serious interests, leading a noisy and active life, but nevertheless completely devoid of internal content; then Sudbinsky, a careerist official, completely immersed in the petty interests of the official world and paperwork, and “for the rest of the world he is blind and deaf,” as Oblomov puts it; Penkin, a minor writer of a satirical, accusatory direction: he boasts that in his essays he brings weaknesses and vices to everyone’s ridicule, seeing in this the true calling of literature: but his self-satisfied words cause rebuff from Oblomov, who finds in the works of the new school only slavish loyalty to nature, but too little soul, little love for the subject of the image, little true “humanity”. In the stories that Penkin admires, according to Oblomov, there are no “invisible tears,” but only visible, rough laughter; By depicting fallen people, the authors “forget man.” “You want to write with only your head! - he exclaims, - do you think that a heart is not needed for thought? No, she is fertilized by love. Extend your hand to a fallen person to lift him up, or weep bitterly over him if he dies, and do not mock him. Love him, remember yourself in him... then I will begin to read you and bow my head before you...” From these words of Oblomov it is clear that his view of the vocation of literature and its demands from a writer is much more serious and lofty than that of a professional writer Penkin, who, in his words, “wastes his thought, his soul on trifles, trades in his mind and imagination.” Finally, Goncharov introduces a certain Alekseev, “a man of uncertain years, with an indeterminate physiognomy,” who has nothing of his own: neither his tastes, nor his desires, nor his sympathies: Goncharov introduced this Alekseev, obviously, in order to show, through comparison, that Oblomov, despite all his spinelessness, is not at all distinguished by impersonality, that he has his own specific moral physiognomy.

Thus, a comparison with these episodic persons shows that Oblomov was mentally and morally superior to the people around him, that he understood the insignificance and illusory nature of the interests in which they were keen. But Oblomov not only could, but also knew how, “in his clear, conscious moments,” be critical of the surrounding society and himself, recognize his own shortcomings and suffer heavily from this consciousness. Then memories of his youth awakened in his memory, when he was at the university with Stolz, studied science, translated serious scientific works, was fond of poetry: Schiller, Goethe, Byron, dreamed of future activities, of fruitful work for the common benefit. Obviously, at this time Oblomov was also influenced by the idealistic hobbies that dominated among Russian youth of the 30s and 40s. But this influence was fragile, because Oblomov’s apathetic nature was not characterized by long-term passion, just as systematic hard work was unusual. At the university, Oblomov was content to passively assimilate the ready-made conclusions of science, without thinking them through on his own, without defining their mutual relationship, without bringing them into a harmonious connection and system. Therefore, “his head represented a complex archive of dead affairs, persons, eras, figures, unrelated political-economic, mathematical and other truths, tasks, provisions, etc. It was as if a library consisting of some scattered volumes in different parts knowledge. The teaching had a strange effect on Ilya Ilyich: between science and life there lay a whole abyss, which he did not try to cross. “He had life on its own, and science on its own.” Knowledge divorced from life, of course, could not be fruitful. Oblomov felt that he, as an educated person, needed to do something, he was aware of his duty, for example, to the people, to his peasants, he wanted to arrange their fate, improve their situation, but everything was limited only to many years of thinking about a plan for economic reforms, and the actual management of the farm and the peasants remained in the hands of the illiterate headman; and the conceived plan could hardly have practical significance in view of the fact that Oblomov, as he himself admits, did not have a clear understanding of village life, did not know “what corvee is, what rural labor is, what a poor man means, what a rich man means.”

Such ignorance of real life, with a vague desire to do something useful, brings Oblomov closer to the idealists of the 40s, and especially to the “superfluous people,” as they are portrayed by Turgenev.

Like “superfluous people,” Oblomov sometimes became imbued with the consciousness of his powerlessness, his inability to live and act; at the moment of such consciousness, “he felt sad and painful for his underdevelopment, the stop in the growth of moral forces, for the heaviness that interfered with everything; and envy gnawed at him that others lived so fully and widely, while it was as if a heavy stone had been thrown on the narrow and pitiful path of his existence... And meanwhile, he painfully felt that some kind of... that good, bright beginning, perhaps now already dead, or it lies like gold in the depths of the mountains, and it would be high time for this gold to be a walking coin.” The consciousness that he was not living as he should, vaguely wandered in his soul, he suffered from this consciousness, sometimes cried bitter tears of powerlessness, but could not decide on any change in life, and soon calmed down again, which was facilitated by his apathetic nature, incapable of a strong uplift of spirit. When Zakhar carelessly decided to compare him with “others,” Oblomov was severely offended by this, and not only because he felt offended in his lordly pride, but also because in the depths of his soul he realized that this comparison with “others” was going far from in his favor.

When Stolz asks Zakhar what Oblomov is, he replies that he is a “master.” This is a naive, but quite accurate definition. Oblomov is, indeed, a representative of the old serf lordship, a “master,” that is, a man who “has Zakhar and three hundred more Zakharovs,” as Goncharov himself puts it about him. Using the example of Oblomov, Goncharov thus showed how detrimentally serfdom affected the nobility itself, preventing the generation of energy, perseverance, initiative, and work habits. In former times, compulsory public service maintained in the service class these qualities necessary for life, which began to gradually fade away since compulsory service was abolished. The best people among the nobility have long realized the injustice of this order of things created by serfdom; The government, starting with Catherine II, wondered about its abolition; literature, in the person of Goncharov, showed its detrimental nature for the nobility itself.

“It started with the inability to put on stockings, and ended with the inability to live,” Stolz aptly put it about Oblomov. Oblomov himself is aware of his inability to live and act, his inability to adapt, the result of which is a vague but painful fear of life. This consciousness is the tragic feature in Oblomov’s character, which sharply separates him from the former “Oblomovites.” They were whole natures, with a strong, albeit simple-minded, worldview, alien to any doubts, any internal duality. In contrast to them, there is precisely this duality in Oblomov’s character; it was brought into it by the influence of Stolz and the education he received. For Oblomov it was already psychologically impossible to lead the same calm and complacent existence that his fathers and grandfathers led, because deep down in his soul he still felt that he was not living as he should and as “others” like Stolz lived. Oblomov already has a consciousness of the need to do something, to be useful, to live not for himself alone; He also has a consciousness of his duty to the peasants, whose labors he uses; he is developing a “plan” for a new structure of village life, where the interests of the peasants are also taken into account, although Oblomov does not at all think about the possibility and desirability of the complete abolition of serfdom. Until this “plan” is completed, he does not consider it possible to move to Oblomovka, but, of course, nothing comes of his work, because he lacks either knowledge of rural life, perseverance, diligence, or real conviction in the feasibility of the “plan” itself. " Oblomov at times grieves heavily, suffers in the consciousness of his unfitness, but is unable to change his character. His will is paralyzed, every action, every decisive step frightens him: he is afraid of life, just as in Oblomovka they were afraid of the ravine, about which there were various unkind rumors.