A message on the topic of Akhmatova’s biography. Love lyrics in the works of A.A.

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (Gorenko) is a talented and world-recognized poetess, whose biography tells the story of the tragic fate of the generation of the last representatives of the noble class of the Russian Empire, complemented by the drama characteristic of the lives of many creative individuals.

Years of life: 1889 - 1966.

Being persecuted most his literary life Having repeatedly experienced repression against loved ones, Anna Akhmatova did not stop writing even in the most difficult moments.

The imprint of tragedy left on the poetess’s work gave it special spiritual strength and anguish.

The best poems of Anna Akhmatova

Many of the poet’s works have earned worldwide recognition.

Each was born for a special occasion, becoming a logical continuation of the events of her life:

1. The poetess's first collection of poems was published in 1912 under the title "Evening", shortly before the birth of her son. It already contained many poems that made Akhmatova’s name immortal: “Muse”, “Garden”, “Grey-Eyed King”, “Love”.
2. The second collection was published already in 1414, before the start of World War I, under the title “Rosary Beads”. He came out much large circulation, but would have been republished several times. Reviews from critics noted a noticeable creative growth poetesses. They emphasized the persuasiveness of poetic language, many successful literary devices, rhythm and rare style poetess (“Alexander Blok”, “In the evening”, “I learned to live simply, wisely”).
3. Three years later - a month before the terrible events revolutionary events 1917, the collection “The White Flock” was published. In his lines, written during the years of Russia’s participation in World War I, the shades of the intimate experiences of the lyrical heroine, which abounded in the poems of previous collections, are already faintly heard. Akhmatova becomes stricter, more patriotic, more tragic, the appeal to the Divine is noticeably manifested (“In Memory of July 19, 1914”, “Your spirit is darkened by arrogance”). The poetic style is noticeably improved. It was best time her life, giving complete freedom for creativity.
4. The collection “Plantain” was released in one of the most hard years for the poetess - in 1921, when she learns about her brother’s suicide, about the execution ex-husband and the father of his child Nikolai Gumilyov, about the death of his friend A. Blok. It includes poems written mainly in the 17-20s. The poetess put into the title the idea that the revolution, having destroyed cultural heritage countries and making it impossible to grow " cultivated plants”, doomed its future to desolation - to “weeds”. The theme of a blooming garden, the warm lyrics of previous collections are almost never found, the mood is minor and thoughtful (“And now I was the only one left”, “Immediately it became quiet in the house”). Pain and condemnation can be heard in the verses from the fact that the flower of the nation is leaving the country in a wide emigration stream (“You are an apostate: for the green island”).
5. There are very few joyful lines in the collection “Anno Domini MCMXXI”. He was born after the shocks Anna experienced, so he leads the reader along the path of sadness and hopelessness (“Slander”, “Prediction”), which the poetess herself walked.
6. And the apotheosis of the tragic pages of Akhmatova’s work is the poem “Requiem”, dedicated to the repressions of the 30s. The suffering of a mother whose son is suffering in prison is just an episode in the global grief of an entire people, whose sons and daughters are being crushed by a soulless state machine.

Brief biography of Anna Akhmatova

The future poetess was born in 1889 in the Russian Empire, in Odessa. Of the 6 children of the Gorenko family of hereditary nobles, no one wrote poetry except Anna.

After moving to St. Petersburg, Anna at the age of 10 entered the Tsarskoye Selo Mariinsky Gymnasium, at the age of 17 - the Fundukleevskaya Gymnasium in Kyiv, and 1908-10. – graduated from the Higher Women's Historical and Literary Courses.

early years

Already in early childhood she studied French, and at the age of 11 she composed her first poem.

In the summer months, the Gorenko family took children suffering from tuberculosis to the sea - they had a house in Crimea.

Anna on the sea coast was known as a “wild young lady” because she did not feel burdened with secular demands - she swam, sunbathed, and ran barefoot, just like ordinary children of “ignoble blood.”

Subsequently, she will remember her free childhood in the poem “By the Sea” and will return to this topic later.

Personal life

Unlucky women's destiny pursued her all her life, despite the abundance male attention. The first union was without love, with a difficult and troubled family life, a short second and painful third marriages that ended in divorce.

At the same time, the poetess’s charm, intelligence and talent not only earned her literary fame, but also provided many fans. The famous sculptor and artist Amadeo Modigliani was captivated by the young poetess even on her first trip to Europe with Gumilyov.

At the same time, the first, most famous, portrait of Akhmatova appeared - a sketch of several strokes, which she valued more than all the others.

She kept the fiery letters addressed to Anna Modigliani, and one day she allowed Gumilyov to discover them - as revenge for his betrayal. This helped her speed up the divorce.

Another admirer is the artist and writer Boris Anrep, whom she especially singled out from the crowd of others. The poetess dedicated several dozen poems to him.

Composer and musical critic Arthur Lurie, philosopher and diplomat Isaiah Berlin also left their mark on the life of the Russian poetess, adding to the list of her fans. Berlin even contributed to Akhmatova receiving her doctorate Oxford University, many years later - already at the end of her life.

Akhmatova's husbands

Anna married Nikolai Gumilyov, her first husband, while in love with another. She resigned herself to fate, giving in long courtship an exalted admirer who made several suicide attempts due to unrequited love. The groom's relatives disapproved of this marriage so much that they did not even appear at the wedding ceremony.

Gumilev, being a talented poet, researcher and extraordinary personality, was not ready for family life. Despite his passionate love for young Anna before the wedding, he did not try to make his wife happy. Creative jealousy, betrayal on both sides, and lack of spiritual intimacy did not contribute to the preservation of the family. Only Gumilyov’s long absences made it possible to delay the divorce for as much as 8 years.

They broke up because of his next hobby, but continued to maintain friendly communication. Born in marriage The only son Anna - Lev Gumilyov. Three years after the divorce, N. Gumilyov was shot by the Soviet authorities as a convinced monarchist, for failure to report an alleged counter-revolutionary conspiracy.

The second husband, with whom Anna married immediately after her divorce from Gumilyov, Vladimir Shileiko, was a talented scientist and poet. But, being very jealous of his wife, he limited her freedom, burned her correspondence, and did not allow her to write poetry. In the tragic year for Anna, 1921, they separated.

Akhmatova lived in a civil marriage with her third husband for 15 years, since 1922. Nikolai Punin was also not “a native of the people” - he was a major scientist, art historian, critic, and held significant positions in government structures.

But like two previous husbands, he was also jealous of Anna’s creativity and tried in every possible way to belittle her poetic talent. Akhmatova had to live with her son at Punin’s house, where his first wife and daughter also lived. The children were not in equal conditions; preference was always given to Nikolai’s daughter, which greatly offended Anna.

When Punin was arrested for the first time, Akhmatova managed to secure his release. After some time, he broke up with Anna, starting a family with another woman. After living in a new marriage for several years, he was arrested again and never returned from prison.

Akhmatova's creativity

The Silver Age of Russian poetry was rich in talents and literary movements. Akhmatova’s work is a vivid example of such an original movement in literature as Acmeism, the founder and main authority of which was N. Gumilyov.

It is interesting that the public, while not particularly fond of Gumilyov’s own poems, was enthusiastic about the new representative of the movement, who quickly became a full-fledged participant in the “Workshop of Poets.”

The world of early Akhmatova’s poems consists of clear forms, bright emotions, achieved by imagery and rhythm of language, without leading into symbolism, blurriness and incomprehensibility of mystical images.

Clear narrative phrases made the lines written by her close and understandable to the reader, without forcing them to guess hidden meanings and implications.

The creative path of the poetess is divided into two periods. The first is built around the image of a lyrical heroine, loving, sensitive and suffering.

In the second period, the heroine undergoes metamorphosis, and life trials are to blame for this. Now she is a grieving mother, a woman, a patriot, acutely feeling the pain of the suffering of her people. Sometimes the border in her work is drawn along the Great Patriotic War, but this is not entirely correct.

There is no clear division between these periods - with each collection, starting with “The Plantain,” the heroine becomes more and more clearly a citizen of her fatherland, and the patriotic intensity in the poems grows stronger. Indeed, it reaches its apogee in the early 40s (“Oath”, “Courage”), the impetus for its emergence is October Revolution, and is consolidated by the tragic year 1921 (“Anno Domini MCMXXI”).

After 1924, her poems stopped being published, and the Russian reader saw the official publication of the famous “Requiem” only towards the end of the 80s, just a few years before the collapse of Soviet Union.

After evacuation from besieged Leningrad In Tashkent she writes a lot of poems that do not reach the public. She is surrounded on all sides by censorship and prohibitions, and lives only by earning money from literary translations.

Last years of life and death

Only towards the end of her life, from 1962, the ice around the poetess begins to gradually melt. A new generation of readers has emerged. Disgrace with Akhmatova is a thing of the past - she speaks at author's evenings, her poems are quoted in literary circles.

A year before her death, the poetess was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

The poetess’s son did not communicate with her for the last 10 years before his mother’s death. As a result, Akhmatova, being famous and beloved by the literary public, died alone, undergoing sanatorium treatment, at the venerable age of 76 years. The reason is another heart attack.

The poetess was buried near St. Petersburg, at the Komarovskoye cemetery. She bequeathed a wooden cross to be placed on her grave.

Lev Nikolaevich arranged the place of her burial himself, with the help of students, by building a fragment of a camp wall with a prison window from cobblestones. Anna came to such a wall for 1.5 years to deliver parcels to her son.

Interesting facts from the biography of Anna Akhmatova

Having listed the most important things, let’s add a few more interesting facts from the life and work of the poetess:

1. The father of the future poetess, Andrei Antonovich - Marine officer and the nobleman did not approve of her poetic experiments, demanding not to disgrace his name with her poems. Anna Andreevna was offended, so from the age of 17 she began to sign as Akhmatova, taking the surname of her maternal great-grandmother, the successor old family princes Chagadayevs and the Tatar branch of the Akhmatovs. Subsequently, after the first divorce, the poetess will take her pseudonym as her surname, officially. When asked about her nationality, she always answered that she came from a Tatar family that originated from Khan Akhmat.
2. In 1965, the Nobel Prize Committee, considering two candidates from Russia - Akhmatova and Sholokhov, was inclined to divide the amount equally between the nominees. But in the end, preference was given to Sholokhov.
3. After the death of A. Modigliani, several previously unknown sketches were found. The image of the model is very reminiscent of the image of young Anna, which can be judged from her photo.
4. The poetess's son did not forgive his mother for not releasing him, accusing her of narcissism and lack of maternal love. Anna herself always admitted that she was a bad mother. An incredibly gifted, charismatic and enthusiastic person scientific activities, Lev Nikolaevich experienced the full power of the repressive state machine, which deprived him of his health and almost completely broke him. He was sure that his mother could, but was not particularly eager to help him with his release from prison. He especially hated the poem "Requiem", believing that a requiem is not dedicated to those who are still alive, and his mother was too hasty in burying him.
5. Akhmatova died on the day of Stalin’s death - March 5.

About the details of this life unique woman we learn from her diary, which she did not part with throughout conscious life. The works written by Akhmatova also help to restore the events of those years associated with the life not only of her own, but also of her contemporaries - people who were in her varying degrees close.

The history of the 20th century, grinding the fate of many talented people, caused indelible damage to Russian culture Silver Age. Based on Akhmatova’s play “Prologue, or a Dream within a Dream,” the series “The Moon at its Zenith” was even filmed, where the most important narrative line is the biographical memoirs of the poetess.

Everyone knows Anna Akhmatova educated people. This is an outstanding Russian poetess of the first half of the twentieth century. However, few people know how much this truly great woman had to endure.

We bring to your attention short biography of Anna Akhmatova. We will try not only to focus on the most important stages life of the poetess, but also to tell Interesting Facts from her.

Biography of Akhmatova

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is a famous world-class poet, writer, translator, literary critic and critic. Born in 1889, Anna Gorenko (this is her real name), spent her childhood in her hometown of Odessa.

The future classicist studied in Tsarskoe Selo, and then in Kyiv, at the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. When she published her first poem in 1911, her father forbade her to use real name, in connection with which Anna took the surname of her great-grandmother - Akhmatova. It was with this name that she entered Russian and world history.

There is one interesting fact associated with this episode, which we will present at the end of the article.

By the way, above you can see a photo of young Akhmatova, which differs sharply from her subsequent portraits.

Personal life of Akhmatova

In total, Anna had three husbands. Was she happy in at least one marriage? Hard to tell. In her works we find a lot of love poetry.

But this is rather some kind of idealistic image of unattainable love, passed through the prism of Akhmatova’s gift. But did she have the usual family happiness– it’s unlikely.

Gumilev

The first husband in her biography was famous poet, from whom she had her only son, Lev Gumilev (author of the theory of ethnogenesis).

After living for 8 years, they divorced, and already in 1921 Nikolai was shot.

Anna Akhmatova with her husband Gumilev and son Lev

It is important to emphasize here that her first husband loved her passionately. She did not reciprocate his feelings, and he knew about this even before the wedding. In a word, their life together was extremely painful and painful from constant jealousy and internal suffering of both.

Akhmatova was very sorry for Nikolai, but she did not feel feelings for him. Two poets from God could not live under the same roof and separated. Even their son could not stop their disintegrating marriage.

Shileiko

During this difficult period for the country, the great writer lived extremely poorly.

Having an extremely meager income, she earned extra money by selling herring, which was given out as rations, and with the proceeds she bought tea and smokes, which her husband could not do without.

In her notes there is a phrase relating to this time: “I will soon be on all fours myself.”

Shileiko was terribly jealous of his brilliant wife of literally everything: men, guests, poetry and hobbies.

Punin

Akhmatova's biography developed rapidly. In 1922 she marries again. This time for Nikolai Punin, the art critic with whom she lived the longest - 16 years. They separated in 1938, when Anna's son Lev Gumilyov was arrested. By the way, Lev spent 10 years in the camps.

Difficult years of biography

When he was just imprisoned, Akhmatova spent 17 difficult months in prison lines, bringing parcels to her son. This period of her life is forever etched in her memory.

One day a woman recognized her and asked if she, as a poet, could describe all the horror that the mothers of the innocently convicted experienced. Anna answered in the affirmative and then began work on her most famous poem, “Requiem.” Here's a short excerpt from there:

I've been screaming for seventeen months,
I'm calling you home.
I threw myself at the feet of the executioner -
You are my son and my horror.

Everything's messed up forever
And I can't make it out
Now, who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long will it take to wait for execution?

First world war Akhmatova completely limited her public life. However, this was incomparable to what happened later in her difficult biography. After all, what was still waiting for her was the bloodiest in the history of mankind.

In the 1920s, a growing emigration movement began. All this had a very difficult impact on Akhmatova because almost all of her friends went abroad.

One conversation that took place between Anna and G.V. is noteworthy. Ivanov in 1922. Ivanov himself describes it as follows:

The day after tomorrow I'm leaving abroad. I’m going to Akhmatova to say goodbye.

Akhmatova extends her hand to me.

- Are you leaving? Take my bow to Paris.

- And you, Anna Andreevna, are not going to leave?

- No. I will not leave Russia.

- But life is getting more and more difficult!

- Yes, everything is more difficult.

- It can become completely unbearable.

- What to do.

- Won't you leave?

- I won’t leave.

In the same year she writes famous poem, which drew a line between Akhmatova and the creative intelligentsia who emigrated:

I'm not with those who abandoned the earth
To be torn to pieces by enemies.
I don't listen to their rude flattery,
I won’t give them my songs.

But I always feel sorry for the exile,
Like a prisoner, like a patient,
Your road is dark, wanderer,
Someone else's bread smells like wormwood.

Since 1925, the NKVD has issued an unspoken ban so that no publishing house publishes any of Akhmatova’s works due to their “anti-nationality.”

It is impossible to convey in a short biography the burden of moral and social oppression that Akhmatova experienced during these years.

Having learned what fame and recognition were, she was forced to eke out a miserable, half-starved existence, in complete oblivion. At the same time, realizing that her friends abroad regularly publish and deny themselves little.

A voluntary decision not to leave, but to suffer with one’s people - that’s truly amazing fate Anna Akhmatova. During these years, she made do with occasional translations of foreign poets and writers and, in general, lived extremely poorly.

Akhmatova's creativity

But let's go back to 1912, when the first collection of poems by the future great poetess was published. It was called "Evening". This was the beginning creative biography future star on the horizon of Russian poetry.

Three years later appears new collection"Rosary" which was printed in a quantity of 1000 pieces.

Actually, from this moment national recognition begins great talent Akhmatova.

In 1917, the world saw a new book with poems, “The White Flock.” It was published twice as large, through the previous collection.

Among the most significant works Akhmatova can mention “Requiem”, written in 1935-1940. Why is this particular poem considered one of the greatest?

The fact is that it reflects all the pain and horror of a woman who lost her loved ones because of human cruelty and repression. And this image was very similar to the fate of Russia itself.

In 1941, Akhmatova wandered hungry around Leningrad. According to some eyewitnesses, she looked so bad that a woman stopped next to her and handed her alms with the words: “Take it for Christ’s sake.” One can only imagine how Anna Andreevna felt at that time.

However, before the blockade began, she was evacuated to, where she met with Marina Tsvetaeva. This was their only meeting.

short biography Akhmatova does not allow us to show the essence of her amazing poems in all details. It’s as if they are alive and talking to us, conveying and revealing many sides human soul.

It is important to emphasize that she wrote not only about the individual, as such, but considered the life of the country and its fate as the biography of an individual person, as a kind of living organism with its own merits and painful inclinations.

A subtle psychologist and a brilliant expert on the human soul, Akhmatova was able to depict in her poems many facets of fate, its happy and tragic vicissitudes.

Death and memory

On March 5, 1966, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova died in a sanatorium near Moscow. On the fourth day, the coffin with her body was delivered to Leningrad, where a funeral took place at the Komarovskoye cemetery.

Many streets in the city are named after the outstanding Russian poetess. former republics Soviet Union. In Italy, in Sicily, a monument was erected to Akhmatova.

In 1982 it was opened minor planet, which got its name in her honor - Akhmatova.

In the Netherlands, on the wall of one of the houses in the city of Leiden, the poem “Muse” is written in large letters.

Muse

When I wait for her to come at night,
Life seems to hang by a thread.
What honors, what youth, what freedom
In front of a lovely guest with a pipe in her hand.

And then she came in. Throwing back the covers,
She looked at me carefully.
I tell her: “Did you dictate to Dante?
Pages of Hell? Answers: “I am!”

Interesting facts from Akhmatova’s biography

Being a recognized classic, back in the 20s, Akhmatova was subject to colossal censorship and silence.

It was not published at all for decades, which left her without a livelihood.

However, despite this, abroad she was considered one of greatest poets modernity and in different countries published even without her knowledge.

When Akhmatova’s father learned that his seventeen-year-old daughter had started writing poetry, he asked “not to disgrace his name.”

Her first husband, Gumilyov, says that they often quarreled over their son. When Levushka was about 4 years old, I taught him the phrase: “My dad is a poet, and my mom is hysterical.”

When a poetry company gathered in Tsarskoe Selo, Levushka entered the living room and shouted a memorized phrase in a loud voice.

Nikolai Gumilyov became very angry, and Akhmatova was delighted and began to kiss her son, saying: “Good girl, Leva, you’re right, your mother is hysterical!” At that time, Anna Andreevna did not yet know what kind of life awaited her ahead, and what age was coming to replace the Silver Age.

The poet kept a diary all her life, which became known only after her death. It is thanks to this that we know many facts from her biography.

Anna Akhmatova in the early 1960s

Akhmatova was nominated for Nobel Prize in literature in 1965, but ultimately it was awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov. Not long ago it became known that the committee initially considered the option of dividing the award between them. But then they settled on Sholokhov.

Two of Akhmatova’s sisters died of tuberculosis, and Anna was sure that the same fate awaited her. However, she was able to overcome weak genetics and lived to be 76 years old.

While going to the sanatorium, Akhmatova felt the approach of death. In her notes she left a short phrase: “It’s a pity there’s no Bible there.”

We hope that this biography Akhmatova answered all the questions you had about her life. We strongly recommend using an Internet search and reading at least selected poems by the poetic genius Anna Akhmatova.

Did you like the post? Press any button.

Anna Akhmatova is an outstanding poetess of the last century. She wrote many poems that many people know and love, as well as the poem “Requiem” about Stalin’s repressions. Her life was very complex, full of dramatic events, like many of our compatriots, whose youth and maturity occurred in the difficult years of the first half of the 20th century.

Anna Akhmatova (the real name of the poetess is Anya Gorenko) was born on June 23, according to the new style, 1889. The birthplace of the future poetess is Odessa. In those days this city was considered Russian Empire. Akhmatova's biography began in large family, the parents had six children in total, she was born third. Her father is a nobleman, a naval engineer, and Anya’s mother was distantly related to another future famous poet -

Anya received her primary education at home, and went to the gymnasium at the age of ten in Tsarskoe Selo. The family was forced to move here due to the father's promotion. Summer holidays the girl spent in Crimea. She loved to wander barefoot along the shore, throw herself into the sea straight from the boat, and walk without a hat. Her skin soon became dark, which shocked the local young ladies.

The impressions received at sea served as an impetus for the creative inspiration of the young poetess. The girl wrote her first poems at the age of eleven. In 1906, Anna moved to the Kyiv gymnasium, after which she attended the Higher Women's Courses and Literary and Historical Courses. The first poems were published in domestic magazines of that time in 1911. A year later, the first book, “Evening,” was published. These were lyrical poems about girlish feelings, about first love.

Subsequently, the poetess herself would call her first collection “poems of a stupid girl.” Two years later, the second collection of poems, “The Rosary,” was published. He had large circulation and brought popularity to the poetess.

Important! Anna replaced her real name with a pseudonym at the request of her father, who was against his daughter literary experiments disgraced their family name (as he believed). The choice fell on maiden name great-grandmothers According to legend, she came from the family of the Tatar Khan Akhmat.

And it was for the best, because the real name was inferior in comparison with this mysterious pseudonym. All of Akhmatova’s works since 1910 were published only under this pseudonym. Her real name appeared only when the poetess's husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, published her poems in a domestic magazine in 1907. But since the magazine was unknown, few people paid attention to these poems at that time. However, her husband predicted great fame for her, recognizing her poetic talent.

A. Akhmatova

Rise of popularity

The biography of the great poetess by date is described in detail on the Wikipedia website. It contains a brief biography of Akhmatova from the day of Anna’s birth until the moment of her death, describes her life and work, as well as interesting facts from her life. This is very important, because for many the name Akhmatova means little. And on this site you can see a list of works that you would like to read.

Continuing the story about Akhmatova’s life, one cannot help but talk about her trip to Italy, which changed her fate and significantly influenced her further work. The fact is that in this country she met an Italian artist Amedeo Modigliani. Anna dedicated many poems to him, and he, in turn, painted her portraits.

In 1917, the third book, “The White Flock,” was published; its circulation exceeded all previous books. Her popularity grew every day. In 1921, two collections were published at once: “The Plantain” and “In the Year of the Lord 1921.” After this there comes a long pause in the publishing of her poems. The fact is that the new government considered Akhmatova’s work “anti-Soviet” and imposed a ban on it.

Poems by A. Akhmatova

Hard times

Since the 20s, Akhmatova began to write her poems “on the table”. In her biography, difficult times came with the advent of Soviet power: the poetess’s husband and son were arrested. It is always difficult for a mother to watch her children suffer. She worried a lot about her husband and son, and although they were soon released for a short period of time, then her son was arrested again, and this time for a long time. The most important torment was yet to come.

Briefly, we can say that the unfortunate mother stood in line for a year and a half in order to see her son. Lev Gumilyov spent five years in prison, all this time his exhausted mother suffered with him. Once in line, she met a woman who, recognizing Akhmatova as a famous poetess, asked her to describe all these horrors in her work. So the list of her creations was supplemented by the poem “Requiem”, which revealed the terrible truth about Stalin's policies.

Of course, the authorities did not like this, and the poetess was expelled from the Union of Writers of the USSR. During the war, Akhmatova was evacuated to Tashkent, where she was able to release her new book. In 1949, her son was arrested again, and Akhmatova’s biography again saw a dark streak. She asked a lot for the release of her son, the most important thing is that Anna did not lose heart and did not lose hope. In order to appease the authorities, she even betrayed herself and her views: she wrote a book of poems “Glory to the World!” Briefly it can be described as an ode to Stalin.

Interesting! For such an act, the poetess was reinstated in the Writers' Union, but this had little effect on the outcome of the case: her son was released only seven years later. When he got out, he quarreled with his mother, believing that she was doing little to free him. Until the end of their lives, their relationship remained tense.

Useful video: interesting facts from the biography of A. Akhmatova

last years of life

In the mid-50s, a brief white streak began in Akhmatova’s biography.

Events of those years by dates:

• 1954 – participation in the congress of the Writers' Union;
• 1958 – publication of the book “Poems”;
• 1962 – “Poem without a Hero” was written;
• 1964 – awarded the prize in Italy;
• 1965 – publication of the book “The Running of Time”;
• 1965 – Awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford.

In 1966, Akhmatova’s health deteriorated significantly, and close friend her, famous actor Alexei Batalov began asking high-ranking officials to place her in a sanatorium near Moscow. She got there in March, but fell into a coma two days later. The poetess’s life was cut short on the morning of March 5; three days later her body was taken to Leningrad, where a funeral service took place in St. Nicholas Cathedral.

The great poetess was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo Leningrad region. A simple cross was placed on her grave, according to her will. Her memory is immortalized by her descendants, Akhmatova’s birthplace is marked with a memorial plaque, and the street in Odessa where she was born is named after her. A planet and a crater on Venus are named after the poetess. A monument was erected at the site of her death in a sanatorium near Moscow.

Personal life

Anna was married many times. Her first husband was the famous Russian poet Nikolai Gumilev. They met when she was still in high school, for a long time corresponded.

Nikolai immediately liked Anna, but the girl saw him only as a friend, nothing more. He asked for her hand several times and was refused. Anna's mother even called him a "saint" for his patience.

Once, when Anna, suffering from unhappy love for an acquaintance, even wanted to commit suicide, Nikolai saved her. Then he received her consent to propose marriage for the hundredth time.

They got married in April 1910, and Anna’s maiden name, Gorenko, was retained during the marriage. The newlyweds went to Honeymoon to Paris, then to Italy. Here Anna met a man who changed her destiny. It is clear that she did not marry out of love, but rather out of pity. Her heart was not occupied, when suddenly she met a talented Italian artist Amedeo Modigliani.

A handsome, ardent young man captivated the poetess’s heart, Anna fell in love, and her feeling was reciprocated. Has begun new round creativity, she wrote him numerous poems. She visited him in Italy several times, and they spent a long time together. Whether her husband knew about this remains a mystery. Perhaps he knew, but he remained silent, afraid of losing her.

Important! The romance between two young talented people ended due to tragic circumstances: Amedeo found out that he was sick with tuberculosis and insisted on breaking off the relationship. He died soon after.

Despite the fact that Akhmatova gave birth to a son from Gumilyov, their divorce took place in 1918. In the same year, she became involved with Vladimir Shileiko, a scientist and poet. In 1918 they got married, but three years later Anna broke up with him.

In the summer of 1921, it became known about the arrest and execution of Gumilyov. Akhmatova did not take this news easily. It was this man who recognized the talent in her and helped her take her first steps in creativity, even though she very soon overtook her husband in popularity.

In 1922, Anna entered into a civil marriage with art critic Nikolai Punin. She lived with him for quite a long time. When Nikolai was arrested, she was waiting for him, petitioning for his release. But this union was not destined to last forever - in 1938 they separated.

Then the woman met the pathologist Garshin. He already wanted to marry her, but just before marriage he dreamed of his late mother, who begged him not to marry a witch. For Anna's mystery, her unusual appearance, and excellent intuition, many called her a “witch,” even her first husband.

There is a well-known poem by Gumilyov dedicated to his wife, which is called “The Witch”.

The great poetess died alone, without a husband, without a son. But she was not alone at all, she was full of creativity. Before her death, her last words were “I’m going to the sun.”

Useful video: biography and creativity of A. Akhmatova The fate of Anna Akhmatova was not easy. She survived two World Wars and repressions against her family and friends. A short biography of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova is a life in verse that retained aristocratic restraint and simplicity of form. This is precisely what manifested itself Magic force her creations.

"Komsomolskaya Pravda" has collected the most interesting facts from the life of the greatest poetess. Anna Akhmatova and Olga Berggolts. Leningrad, 1947

The Gumilevs' manor house in Slepnevo

Gorenko family. I.E. Gorenko, A.A. Gorenko, Rika (in arms), Inna, Anna, Andrey. Around 1894 The great Russian poetess Anna Andreevna Akhmatova was born in Odessa, in the family of a marine engineer. Her biography began on June 11, 1889. The poetess took the pseudonym Akhmatova much later, choosing her great-grandmother’s surname, since her father forbade her to sign family nameGorenko. Many years later, after a divorce from her second husband, the poet Shileiko, the poetess's pseudonym became her official surname.The biography of Anna Akhmatova is a lot of travel that influenced not only her life, but also left an imprint on her work. INIn 1911 she spent the spring in Paris, and already in 1912 Anna went on a trip to Northern Italy.

Anna Gorenko is a high school student. 1904 Tsarskoye Selo.

After the revolution, Akhmatova got a job in a library, where she studied Pushkin’s works. Akhmatova's biography was tragic. It was as if she was haunted by an evil fate: her husbands and son turned out to be victims Stalin's repressions. The poems of the poetess herself were not published for a long time (since 1935 and almost twenty years). Akhmatova’s third husband, art critic Punin, died in the camp. She tried with all her might to save her son, and even wrote the “Glory to the World” cycle to please the authorities, but all her attempts were unsuccessful. The son, Lev Gumilyov, was released in 1943, but was rehabilitated only in 1956, however, he accused his mother of inaction. And therefore their relationship was more than strained. Akhmatova’s creativity as the largest cultural phenomenon of the 20th century. received worldwide recognition.Akhmatova's poems have been translated into many languages. Although until the 60s. she was not allowed to travel abroad.In 1964 she became a laureate international award Etna-Taormina, in 1965 - winner of the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from Oxford University. Akhmatova’s biography ended on March 5, 1966, in a sanatorium in Domodedovo.

Fact 1

Anna composed her first poem at the age of 11. After re-reading it “with a fresh mind,” the girl realized that she needed to improve her art of versification. Which is what I began to actively do.

However, Anna's father did not appreciate her efforts and considered it a waste of time. That is why he forbade using his real last name - Gorenok. Anna decided to choose her great-grandmother’s maiden name, Akhmatova, as her pseudonym.

Fact 2

Anna met her future husband while still a student at the Tsarskoye Selo girls' gymnasium. Their meeting took place at one of the evenings at the gymnasium. Seeing Anna, Gumilyov was fascinated and since then the gentle and graceful girl with dark hair became his constant muse in his work. They got married in 1910.

Anna Akhmatova with her husband N. Gumilev and son Lev

Anna did not have reciprocal feelings for her future husband Nikolai Gumilyov, but the young man was then sure that the young girl would forever become his muse, for whom he would write poetry.Disappointed with unrequited love, Gumilyov leaves for Paris, but then Anya realizes that she is madly in love with Nikolai. The girl sends a letter, after which Gumilev returns on the wings of love and proposes marriage. But Akhmatova gives consent only after much persuasion and Gumilyov’s stories about his suicide attempts.The groom's relatives did not come to the wedding ceremony of Akhmatova and Gumilyov, as they considered this marriage a passing hobby.Soon after the wedding, Gumilev starts love story on the side. Akhmatova was very worried about this, so she decided to save the situation by having a child.

But this did not prevent him from having affairs on the side.However, Akhmatova’s own behavior was also not impeccable, since after her husband’s departure she began an affair with the poet Anrep. But their relationship came to an end after Anrep emigrated to England.After Gumilyov’s return, Anna informs him of their divorce and explains this by the fact that she fell in love with someone else.But, despite all these facts, the great poetess remained devoted to Gumilyov. After his execution, she kept all the poems, took care of their publication and dedicated her new works to him.

Fact 3

Akhmatova’s first collection, “Evening,” was published in 1912. In the same year, Anna gave birth to a son. The collection “Rosary Beads” brings her real fame; it collects the most best reviews critics, and from that moment on Anna began to be considered the youngest poetess. In 1914, the family of Akhmatova and Gumilyov broke up, but they divorced only after 4 years. Afterwards the poetess marries art critic Nikolai Punin

Fact 4

With the outbreak of World War I, Akhmatova sharply limited her public life. At this time she suffered from tuberculosis, a disease that did not let her go for a long time.

Fact 5

When Akhmatova's son, Lev Gumilyov, was arrested, she and other mothers went to the Kresty prison. One of the women asked if she could describe IT. After this, Akhmatova began writing "Requiem".

By the way, Punin will be arrested almost at the same time as Akhmatova’s son. But Punin will soon be released, but Lev remains in prison.

A. A. Akhmatova. 1925

of your breath,

I am your reflection

faces.

Fact 6

Throughout her life, Anna kept a diary. However, it became known only 7 years after the death of the poetess.

Fact 7

According to historians, Stalin spoke positively about Akhmatova. However, this did not stop him from punishing the poetess after her meeting with the English philosopher and poet Berlin. Akhmatova was expelled from the Writers' Union, thereby effectively dooming her to vegetating in poverty. The talented poetess was forced long years do translations.

A.A.Akhmatova. 1922

Fact 8

Anna felt death approaching. When she went to the sanatorium in 1966, where she died, she wrote: “It’s a pity that there is no Bible there.”

Fact 9

The writer is remembered even after death. In 1987, during Perestroika, her Requiem cycle, written in 1935-1943 (added 1957-1961), was published.

Streets in Kaliningrad, Odessa and Kyiv are named after the poetess. In addition, on June 25 of each year in the village of Komarovo, Akhmatova meeting evenings, memorial evenings dedicated to Anna Andreevna’s birthday, are held.

Portrait of Akhmatova by O. Kardovskaya tyts

There is a cherished quality in the closeness of people

There is a cherished quality in the closeness of people,
She cannot be overcome by love and passion,--
Let the lips merge in eerie silence,
And the heart is torn to pieces by love.

And friendship is powerless here, and the years
High and fiery happiness,
When the soul is free and alien
The slow languor of voluptuousness.

Those who strive for her are mad, and her
Those who have achieved it are struck with melancholy...
Now you understand why my
The heart does not beat under your hand.

Anna Akhmatova in a drawing by Modigliani (1911; the most beloved portrait of Akhmatova, always in her room) thousand

Everything's messed up forever

And I can't make it out

Now, who is the beast, who is the man,

And how long will it take to wait for execution?

In general, Akhmatova’s poetry is characterized by a classical style, characterized by clarity and simplicity. Anna Akhmatova's lyrics are real life, from which the poetess drew the motives of true earthly love.Her poetry is distinguished by contrast, which manifests itself in the alternation of melancholic, tragic and light notes. Akhmatova’s lyrics were nourished by earthly, everyday feelings, and were not taken beyond the boundaries of “worldly vanity.” Akhmatova’s poetry was close to the life that went alongside her. No nebulae, ethereal heights, elusive visions, sleepy haze.

Anna Akhmatova and Olga Berggolts. Leningrad, 1947

Akhmatova sought - and found - new poetic values ​​in life itself, which surrounds us on all sides with various events, colorful heaps of everyday life, and a multitude of everyday circumstances. Perhaps it was precisely this reality that A. Akhmatova shocked her reader, who was not deceived by the sublime, unearthly, inaccessible poetry. He was captivated by the wonderful description of the earthly world, where the reader found himself, recognized his feelings. After all, just as in the era of A. Akhmatova, people loved, adored, parted, returned, the same thing happens now.Love in the poems of A. Akhmatova is a living and genuine feeling, deep and humane, although for personal reasons it is touched by the sadness of ennobling suffering. In Akhmatova's love lyrics there is no romantic cult of love with its ups, longings, dreams of the impossible. It is rather love - pity, love - longing...

Autograph of A. Akhmatova tyts

Aphorisms of Akhmatova

To live like this in freedom,
Dying is like home.

...The air of exile is bitter -
Like poisoned wine.

You can't confuse real tenderness
With nothing, and she is quiet.

Stronger than anything in the world
Rays of calm eyes.

And there are no more tearless people in the world,
More arrogant and simpler than us.

Serebryakova Zinaida Evgenievna.
Anna Akhmatova, 1922

Everyone you truly loved
They will remain alive for you.

tyts

My soul is closed from everyone
And only poetry opens the door.
And there is no rest for the searching heart...
Not everyone is given the opportunity to see its light.

My soul is closed from the winds,
From thunderclaps and discharges,
From frivolous judgments or views,
But he will not refuse tender, warm words.

My soul is not a hostel for those
Who is used to entering the house without taking off his shoes,
Who, reveling in his genius,
Torments my soul...for fun.

My soul will trust that
Who touches with a cautious glance,
Sensitive grip, reliable,
With a bold chord... awakening the string...

P.S. Anna Akhmatova’s archive contains an autograph of a poem that belongs to Nikolai Gumilyov.

Wait for me. I will not be back
It's beyond my strength.
If you couldn't before
that means he didn’t love.
But tell me why then,
what year has it been?
I ask the Almighty
to take care of you.
Are you waiting for me? I will not be back,
I can not. Sorry,
that there was only sadness
on my way.
May be
among the white rocks
and holy graves
I will find
Who was I looking for, who loved me?
Wait for me. I will not be back!

N. Gumilyov

Anna Akhmatova with her son Lev Gumilev http://kstolica.ru/publ/zhzl/anna_akhmatova_severnaja_zvezda/20-1-0-287

Life path Anna Akhmatova.
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova, and from birth Gorenko, was born in 1889 near Odessa. Her dad was a nobleman by birth, he himself served as a mechanical engineer in the navy and was retired. Anna spent her childhood and adolescence in the village where young Pushkin lived, in Tsarskoe Selo. 1905 was a difficult year for young Anna; her parents had to separate because her mother took her daughters, who had contracted tuberculosis, to Evpatoria. Everything was different here, everything around was alien. Here she experiences a love drama, which resulted in a suicide attempt. After graduating from high school, she entered the Higher Women's Courses, where she studied jurisprudence. Latin is also taught there, which makes it possible to subsequently learn Italian language and read Dante in the original. She gets bored with jurisprudence, and she further studies at the Higher Historical and Literary Courses.
Anna marries Nikolai Gumilyov in 1910, and they go to Paris for a month. Nikolai played an important role in Anna’s fate; he introduced her to the literary environment of St. Petersburg. From Nikolai, Anna had a son in 1912, who was given the name Lev. This is her only child.
In the same year, 1912, Anna’s first work appeared - the collection “Evening”, which critics immediately noticed. Since Anna’s father forbids her to use her last name, Anna takes her grandmother’s last name, Akhmatova, as a pseudonym, and publishes under this last name. The time of the crisis of symbolism in literary circles helped Akhmatova decide in which direction to move, and she chose a new movement - Acmeism. Anna is the first to notice that the most
creations inspired by unrequited love are poetic. It is in the love tragedy that Akhmatova draws inspiration. In the years when her first creation was written, all her thoughts were that death awaited her, like her sisters. Accordingly, poetry was the same
moods.
Akhmatova's second collection was published in 1914. and was called “Rosary Beads”. This collection was a tremendous success and was reprinted 9 times over 9 years. “White Flock” is the third collection, which was published in an even larger circulation than “Rosary Beads”.
In 1918, she married Vladimir Sheleiko, divorcing Gumilev. Vladimir, like her, is a poet. She has been married to him for only three years. In 1921, Nikolai Gumilyov was arrested and executed. And just a year after this event, she married Nikolai Punin, who is an art critic. In 1935, her husband and son were arrested, but soon released, and in 1938, her son was convicted and sentenced to 5 years in correctional camps. In the same year, Anna separated from her husband. Anna writes the poem “Requiem,” which reflects the grief of mothers and wives whose men became enemies of the people. Akhmatova’s son, after serving his sentence, went to the front. And in 1949, Lev Nikolaevich was again sentenced to 10 years in correctional camps. All the time her son was in custody, Anna did not despair and tried to rescue her son. She even takes such a step as writing a cycle of poems “Glory to the World!” Thus, trying to smooth out the relations of the authorities towards her and her family.
In 1951, she was reinstated in the Writers' Union thanks to Alexander Fadeev. In 1956, Lev returned from prison, but he was sure that his mother made no effort to rescue him. And since then their relationship has become tense. In 1966 she,
While in a sanatorium in the Moscow region, he dies. But she is buried at the Komarovskoye cemetery near Leningrad. Initially, as the poetess bequeathed, a wooden cross was installed on her grave, which was later replaced
a wall of stones. Lev Gumilyov asks his students for help, and together with them he independently builds a monument to his mother, without the participation of the authorities.