Workbook for preparing for the Unified State Exam in literature. Tests on the comedy “Nedorosl” Sections of the Russian language, knowledge of which is necessary

02.07.2020

TESTS ON THE COMEDY “UNDERGROUND”.

Ms. Prostakova(Trishka). Get out, you bastard. (Eremeevna.) Come on, Eremeevna, let the child have breakfast. After all, I hope the teachers will come soon.

Eremeevna. He already, mother, deigned to eat five buns.

Mrs. Prostakova. So you feel sorry for the sixth one, beast? What zeal! Please take a look.

Eremeevna. Cheers, mother. I said this for Mitrofan Terentyevich. I grieved until the morning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Oh, mother of God! What happened to you, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, mother. Yesterday after dinner it hit me.

Skotinin. Yes, apparently, brother, you had a hearty dinner.

Mitrofan. And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all.

Prostakov. I remember, my friend, you wanted to eat something.

Mitrofan. What! Three slices of corned beef, and hearth slices, I don’t remember, five, I don’t remember, six.

Eremeevna. Every now and then he asked for a drink at night. I deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass.

Mitrofan. And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes.

Mrs. Prostakova. What rubbish, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, either you, mother, or father.

Ms. Prostakova. How is this possible?

Mitrofan. As soon as I start to fall asleep, I see that you, mother, deign to beat father.

Prostakov(to the side). Well! my misfortune! sleep in hand!

Mitrofan(softening up). So I felt sorry.

Ms. Prostakova(with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.

Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here, son, is my only consolation.

Skotinin. Well, Mitrofanushka! You, I see, are a mother’s son, not a father’s son.

Prostakov. At least I love him, as a parent should, he’s a smart child, he’s a sensible child, he’s funny, he’s an entertainer; sometimes I am beside myself with him, with joy I truly don’t believe that he is my son, Skotinin. Only now our funny man is standing there, frowning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Shouldn't we send for a doctor to the city?

Mitrofan. No, no, mother. I'd rather get better on my own. Now I’ll run to the dovecote, maybe...

Mrs. Prostakova. So maybe God is merciful. Go and have some fun, Mitrofanushka.

Mitrofan and Eremeevna leave.

B1. Indicate the genre to which the play “Minor” belongs.

B2. Name a literary movement that was developed in the literature of the 18th century, the principles of which were embodied in the play.

B3. The above scene conveys a lively conversation between the characters. What is this form of communication between characters in a work of art called?

B4. As the play progresses, the author's explanations and comments are given (“to the side,” “softened,” “with annoyance”). What term do they use?

B5. The characters’ speech is replete with words and expressions that violate literary norms (“such rubbish,” “take me away,” etc.). Indicate this type of speech.

B6. The names and surnames of the characters in this episode carry a certain meaning. What are these first and last names called?

Q7. The given scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features.

C1. What can you say about the education system in the Prostakov family?

C2. What works of Russian writers satirically depict the morals of the nobles and what brings them closer to the play?

B1. Comedy

B2. Classicism

B3. Dialogue

Q4. Remarks

B5. Vernacular

B6. Speakers

Q7. Exposition

Starodum and Pravdin

Pravdin. This was the package that the local landlady herself notified me about yesterday in front of you.

Starodum. So, do you now have a way to stop the inhumanity of the evil landowner?

Pravdin. I have been instructed to take charge of the house and villages at the first rabies, from which the people under her control could suffer.

Starodum. Thank God that humanity can find protection! Believe me, my friend, where the sovereign thinks, where he knows what his true glory is, there his rights cannot but return to humanity. There everyone will soon feel that everyone must seek their happiness and benefits in the one thing that is legal... and that it is unlawful to oppress their own kind with slavery.

Pravdin. I agree with you on this; Yes, how tricky it is to destroy inveterate prejudices in which low souls find their benefits!

Starodum. Listen, my friend! A great sovereign is a wise sovereign. His job is to show people their direct good. The glory of his wisdom is to rule over people, because there is no wisdom to rule over idols. The peasant, who is worse than everyone else in the village, usually chooses to shepherd the flock, because it takes a little intelligence to graze the cattle. A sovereign worthy of the throne strives to elevate the souls of his subjects. We see this with our own eyes.

Pravdin. The pleasure which princes enjoy in possessing free souls must be so great that I do not understand what motives could distract...

Starodum. A! How great a soul must be in a sovereign in order to take the path of truth and never stray from it! How many nets are laid to catch the soul of a person who has the fate of his own kind in his hands! And firstly, a crowd of stingy flatterers...

Pravdin. Without spiritual contempt it is impossible to imagine what a flatterer is.

Starodum. A flatterer is a creature who does not have a good opinion not only of others, but also of himself. All his desire is to first blind a person’s mind, and then make of him what he needs. He is a night thief who will first put out the candle and then begin to steal.

Pravdin. Human misfortunes, of course, are caused by their own corruption; but ways to make people kind...

Starodum. They are in the hands of the sovereign. How soon everyone sees that without good behavior no one can become a person; that no vile length of service and no amount of money can buy what merit is rewarded with; that people are chosen for places, and not places are stolen by people - then everyone finds his advantage in being well-behaved and everyone becomes good.

Pravdin. Fair. The great sovereign gives...

Starodum.

Pravdin. So that there is no shortage of worthy people, special efforts are now being made to educate...

Starodum. It should be the key to the well-being of the state. We see all the unfortunate consequences of bad education. Well, what can come of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for whom ignorant parents also pay money to ignorant teachers? How many noble fathers who entrust the moral education of their son to their serf slave! Fifteen years later, instead of one slave, two come out, an old guy and a young master.

Pravdin. But persons of the highest status enlighten their children...

Starodum. So, my friend; Yes, I would like that, despite all the spiders, the main goal of all human knowledge, good behavior, is not forgotten. Believe me, science in a depraved person is a fierce weapon to do evil. Enlightenment elevates one virtuous soul. I would like, for example, that when raising the son of a noble gentleman, his mentor would unfold History to him every day and show him two places in it: in one, how great people contributed to the good of their fatherland; in another, as an unworthy nobleman, who used his trust and power for evil, from the height of his magnificent nobility fell into the abyss of contempt and reproach.

B1. Within what literary movement was the play “The Minor” created?

B2. What era ideas are propagated in this fragment of the play “The Minor”?

B3. Indicate the name of the genre of drama to which the play “Minor” belongs?

B4. What term refers to the form of speech of characters that represents an exchange of remarks:

« Starodum. Grace and friendship to those whom he pleases; bridge and rank to those who are worthy.

Pravdin. So that there is no shortage of worthy people, special efforts are now being made to educate..."?

B5. What is the name of sayings that express complete and generalized thoughts in a laconic form: “The great sovereign is a wise sovereign,” “everyone should seek his happiness and benefits in that one thing that is lawful...”, “science in a corrupt man is a fierce weapon to do evil.” etc.?

B6. Indicate the surname of the heroine of the play “Minor”, in which in this fragment of the play the evil landowner is called.”

C1. Why is so much space in this fragment devoted to discussions about the “great sovereign”?

C1. What is the main theme of this fragment and how does it relate to the general themes of the play?

C2. Which Russian writers tried to create the image of an ideal ruler on the pages of their works?

B1. Classicism

B2. Education

B3. Comedy

Q4. Dialogue

B5. Aphorism

B6. Prostakov

Pravdin. Aren't you ashamed, Kuteikin?

Kuteikin(lowering his head). Shame on you, damned one.

Starodum(To Tsyfirkin). Here's to you, my friend, for your kind soul.

Tsyfirkin. Thank you, Your Highness. Thankful. You are free to give me. I myself, without deserving it, will not demand a century.

Milo(giving him money). Here's more for you, my friend!

Tsyfirkin. And thanks again.

Pravdin also gives him money.

Tsyfirkin. Why, your honor, are you complaining?

Pravdin. Because you are not like Kuteikin.

Tsyfirkin. AND! Your Honor. I'm a soldier.

Pravdin (To Tsyfirkin). Go ahead, my friend, with God.

Tsyfirkin leaves.

Pravdin. And you, Kuteikin, perhaps come here tomorrow and take the trouble to settle accounts with the lady herself.

Kuteikin (running out). With myself! I'm giving up on everything.

Vralman (To Starodum). Starofa hearing is not ostafte, fashe fysokorotie. Take me back to the sepa.

Starodum. Yes, Vralman, I guess, have you fallen behind the horses?

Vralman. Hey, no, my dad! Shiuchi with great hospotam, it concerned me that I was with horses.

Ms. Prostakova, Starodum, Milon, Sofya, Pravdin, Mitrofan, Eremeevna.

Starodum (to Pravdin, holding the hands of Sophia and Milan). Well, my friend! We're going. Wish us...

Pravdin. All the happiness to which honest hearts are entitled.

Ms. Prostakova (rushing to hug his son). You are the only one left with me, my dear friend, Mitrofanushka!

Mitrofan. Let go, mother, how you imposed yourself...

Ms. Prostakova. And you! And you leave me! A! ungrateful! (She fainted.)

Sophia(running up to her). My God! She has no memory.

Starodum (Sofya). Help her, help her.

Sofya and Eremeevna are helping.

Pravdin (To Mitrofan). Scoundrel! Should you be rude to your mother? It was her crazy love for you that brought her the most misfortune.

Mitrofan. It's like she doesn't know...

Pravdin. Rude!

Starodum(Eremeevna). What is she now? What?

Eremeevna(looking intently at Ms. Prostakova and clasping her hands). He will wake up, my father, he will wake up.

Pravdin (To Mitrofan). WITH you, my friend, I know what to do. I went to serve...

Mitrofan (waving his hand). For me, where they tell me to go.

Ms. Prostakova (waking up in despair). I'm completely lost! My power has been taken away! You can’t show your eyes anywhere out of shame! I don't have a son!

Starodum (pointing to Ms. Prostakova) These are the fruits worthy of evil!

B1. What element in the development of the plot of the work is this fragment?

B2. Determine the genre of the work “Minor”?

B3. Which of the characters at the end of the play expresses the author's assessment of events?

Q4. The text of the fragment is an alternation of short statements by different persons. What is this type of verbal communication called in a dramatic work?

B5. Find and write down a word from Prostakova’s last remark that belongs to the vernacular.

B6. One of the characteristic techniques of classicism is to reveal the character of the hero through his surname. What are these surnames called?

C2. In which works of Russian classics are the “worthy fruits of evil” revealed?

B1. Denouement

B2. Comedy

B3. Starodum

Q4. Dialogue

B5. Nowhere

B6. Speakers

. "Undergrown"

1. Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B4

Act two, appearanceVI

Ms. Prostakova. Well, now at least read your backs in Russian, Mitrofanushka.

Mitrofan. Yes, butts, why not?

Ms. Prostakova. Live and learn, my dear friend! Such a thing.

Mitrofan. How could it not be! Study will come to mind. You should also bring your uncles here!

Ms. Prostakov a. What? What's happened?

Mitrofan. Yes! Look at the melancholy from your uncle; and there from his fists and for the book of hours. No, thank you, I’m already on my own!

Ms. Prostakova (frightened). What, what do you want to do? Come to your senses, darling!

Mitrofan. Vit is here and the river is close. I’ll dive, so remember my name.

Ms. Prostakova (beside myself). Killed me! Killed me! God be with you!

Eremeevna. The uncle scared everything. I almost grabbed him by the hairs. And for nothing... about nothing...

Ms. Prostakova (angrily). Well...

Eremeevna. I pestered him: do you want to get married?..

Mrs. Prostakova. Well...

Eremeevna. The child didn’t hide it, it’s been a long time since he started hunting, uncle. How he will become furious, my mother, how he will throw himself up!..

Ms. Prostakova (trembling). Well... and you, beast, were dumbfounded, and you didn’t dig into your brother’s mug, and you didn’t tear his snout over the ears...

Eremeevna. I accepted it! Oh, I accepted, yes... Ms. Prostakova. Yes... yes what... not your child, beast! For you, at least kill the little kid to death.

Eremeevna. Ah, creator, save and have mercy! If my brother hadn’t deigned to leave at that very moment, I would have broken down with him. That's what God wouldn't order. These would become dull (pointing to nails) I wouldn’t even save the fangs.

Mrs. Prostakova. All of you, beasts, are zealous in words alone, but not in action...

Eremeevna (crying). I'm not zealous for you, mother! You don’t know how to serve anymore... I would be glad if nothing else... you don’t regret your stomach... but you don’t want everything.

Kuteikin. Will you command us to go home?

Tsyfirkin. Where should we go, yours (Together.)

honor?

Ms. Prostakova. You, an old witch, burst into tears. Go and feed them with you, and after lunch immediately come back here. (To Mitrofan.) Come with me, Mitrofanushka. I won't let you out of my sight now. As soon as I tell you, little one, you will love to live in the world. It’s not a century for you, my friend, it’s not a century for you to learn. Thank God, you already understand so much that you can raise the kids yourself. (To Eremeevna.) I won’t talk to my brother your way. Let all good people see that mother and that mother is dear. (He leaves with Mitrofan.)

Kuteikin. Your life, Eremeevna, is like pitch darkness. Let's go to dinner, and drink a glass of grief first...

Tsyfirkin. And there’s another one, here’s the multiplication

Eremeevna(in tears). The difficult one won't clean me up!

I have been serving for forty years, but the mercy is still the same...

Kuteikin. Is charity great?

Eremeevna. Five rubles per year, and five slaps per day.

Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin take her away under your arms

Tsyfirkin. Let’s figure out at the table what your income is all year round.

B1. What is the genre of the play “The Minor”?

B2. What literary movement does creativity belong to?

B3. What is the name of Uncle Mitrofan?

Q4. What is the position of former seminarian Kuteikin and retired sergeant Tsyfirkin in the Prostakovs’ house?

2. Tasks with detailed answers of limited scope (5-10 sentences)C.I., C2

C1.What, according to Mrs. Prostakova, should maternal love and maternal duty be manifested in?

C2. In which works of Russian literature of the 19th century is the theme of the education and upbringing of a young nobleman brought to the fore and in what ways? similarities and differences between their heroes and Mitrofan Prostakov?

Answers:

C1. The maternal love of Mrs. Prostakova is characterized by extreme aggressiveness and rudeness of manifestations. In Prostakova’s view, love should be considered, first of all, the readiness even for one’s own brother to “dig... into his mug” and “tear off his snout and..... ears,” if Mitrofanushka’s interests are in any way offended. Getting an education should not prevent your beloved son from frolicking, and certainly should not affect his health: the choice between a lesson and a hearty lunch will always be made in favor of lunch. In the finale, out of love for Mitrofanushka, Prostakova is ready to commit both a crime (the kidnapping of Sophia) and ostentatious repentance. But the main thing for her is to raise Mitrofanushka to be a real Prostakov: “From our family of Prostakovs, look, lying on your side, ranks fly to you.” Since childhood, Mitrofan was given the opportunity to lie on his side by his mother; All we have to do is wait for the officials...

C2. The topic of education and upbringing of a young nobleman repeatedly attracted the attention of Russian writers of the 19th century. Direct references to “The Minor” are contained in “The Captain’s Daughter”: Grinev reports in the first chapter that he “grew up as a minor,” chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys. In the story about getting an education, Grinev is extremely ironic: Beaupre could not teach him absolutely anything; but Grinev received his main life lesson “underage” from his father - the covenant to “preserve honor from a young age.” Another example is the story of Oblomov’s upbringing in the novel of the same name. To frolic, to have a hearty meal, to listen to a fairy tale from the nanny - all these opportunities are provided to him even in abundance, and it is they that bring the principles of his upbringing closer to those by which Mitrofan Prostakov was raised. However, if Fonvizin’s hero is destined to remain ignorant and ignorant, then Oblomov is shown by the author as a truly kind, sincere person, endowed with “dovelike tenderness” and a heart of gold.

Read an excerpt from the play and complete all the tasks. Option 1.

Act 3, scene 7.

From the words: Ms. Prostakova. While he is resting, my friend, at least for the sake of appearance, learn, so that it reaches his ears how you work, Mitrofanushka.

Before the words: Mitrofan. "Reproaching people."

Kuteikin."And uni..."

B1. Why does Mrs. Prostakova advise Mitrofanushka to study?

B2. How does the phenomenon you read end?

B3. Who is Tsyfirkin in the plot of the drama?

Q4. What advice does Mrs. Prostakova offer to Mitrofan when he solves a problem about money?

B5. What qualities of Mitrofan are manifested in this phenomenon of comedy?

B6. What is the main problem of the play “The Minor?”

Q7. According to the canons of what literary movement was the play “Minor” written?

B8. What is the main content of the reading phenomenon?

Q9. Write the terminological name of the verbal and grammatical forms that give the characters’ speech a rude, stylistically reduced tone: “always toil around with nothing to do,” “and then I got married,” “lured in.”

B10. What role do Mrs. Prostakova’s remarks play in this phenomenon?

B11. Can this phenomenon be called the culmination in the development of action?

B12. Indicate the genre of the play “The Minor.” Define it.

B13. What is the name in literary criticism for a conversation between two or more characters that takes place during an action?

Control test on the comedy "The Minor".

Read an excerpt from the play and complete all the tasks. Option 2.

Action 5, phenomenon 1.

In the words of: Pravdin. This was the package that the local owner herself notified me about yesterday in front of you.

Before the words: Starodum What happened?

When completing tasks B1-B7, give answers to questions in the form of a combination of words.

B1. What character quality of the landowner Prostakova does Starodum want to get rid of?

B2. According to the plot of the drama, who is Starodum?

B3. Whose hands contain the ways to make people kind, according to Starodum?

Q4. What words does Starodum say about the true service of a person?

B5. How does this phenomenon end?

B6. What does Starodum see as the reason for Mitrofan’s bad upbringing?

Q7. What, according to Starodum, is science in a corrupt person?

When completing tasks B8-B13, give a detailed answer to the question.

B8. What topic in this phenomenon became the main one in the dialogue between Starodum and Pravdin?

Q9. Which of the participants in this dialogue expresses wiser judgments about human upbringing?

B10. Which phrase of Starodum about enlightenment can be considered a catchphrase?

B12. What famous phrase from Starodum about Mrs. Prostakova ends the comedy “The Minor”?

B13. What meaning does the word “minor” acquire in comedy?

Answers.

Option 1.

B1. Just for show.

B2. Reading the Book of Hours.

B3. Tsyfirkin is a retired sergeant.

Q4. I found the money and didn’t share it with anyone.

B5. Stupidity and lack of culture.

B6. Family and household.

Q7. According to the canons of classicism.

B8. The main content of the phenomenon read is Mitrofan’s arithmetic lesson with Tsyfirkin.

Q9. Common speech.

B11. No, this is not the climax.

B12. This work belongs to the comedy genre. Comedy (from the Greek “merry crowd”) is a dramatic work that depicts life situations and characters that cause laughter.

B13. Dialogue.

Answers.

Option 2.

B1. Inhumanity.

B2. A virtuous nobleman.

B3. In the hands of the sovereign.

Q4.“People are chosen for places, not places are stolen by people.”

B5. Starodum's surprised question.

B6. In the payment of ignorant parents for the education of their son to ignorant teachers.

Q7. To do evil with fierce weapons.

B8. The main topic of the dialogue between Starodum and Pravdin was the topic of human upbringing in society.

Q9. Starodum.

B10. Enlightenment elevates one virtuous soul.

B11. Yes, you can.

B12.“Here are the fruits of evil”

B13. This word becomes synonymous with stupid ignoramus and mother's darling.

The above scene conveys a lively conversation between the characters. What is this form of communication between characters in a work of art called?

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.

Ms. Prostakova (Trishka). Get out, you bastard. (Eremeevna.) Go ahead, Eremeevna, let the child have breakfast. Vit, I’m having tea, the teachers will come soon.

Eremeevna. He already, mother, deigned to eat five buns.

Mrs. Prostakova. So you feel sorry for the sixth one, beast? What zeal! Please take a look.

Eremeevna. Cheers, mother. I said this for Mitrofan.

Terentyevich. I grieved until the morning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Oh, mother of God! What happened to you, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, mother. Yesterday after dinner it hit me.

Skotinin. Yes, it’s clear, brother, you had a hearty dinner.

Mitrofan. And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all.

Prostakov. I remember, my friend, you wanted to eat something.

Mitrofan. What! Three slices of corned beef, and hearth slices, I don’t remember, five, I don’t remember, six.

Eremeevna. Every now and then he asked for a drink at night. I deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass.

Mitrofan. And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes.

Mrs. Prostakova. What rubbish, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, either you, mother, or father.

Mrs. Prostakova. How is this possible?

Mitrofan. As soon as I start to fall asleep, I see that you, mother, are trying to beat the priest.

Prostakov (to the side). Well, my bad! Sleep in hand!

Mitrofan (loosen up). So I felt sorry.

Ms. Prostakova (with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.

Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here, son, is my only consolation.

Skotinin. Well, Mitrofanushka, I see you are a mother’s son, not a father’s son!

Prostakov. At least I love him, as a parent should, he’s a smart child, he’s a sensible child, he’s funny, he’s an entertainer; sometimes I am beside myself with him and with joy I truly do not believe that he is my son.

Skotinin. Only now our funny man is standing there, frowning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Shouldn't we send for a doctor to the city?

Mitrofan. No, no, mother. I'd rather get better on my own. I’ll run to the dovecote now, maybe...

Mrs. Prostakova. So maybe God is merciful. Go and have some fun, Mitrofanushka. Mitrofan and Eremeevna leave.

D. I. Fonvizin “Minor”

Indicate the genre to which D. I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” belongs.

Explanation.

D. I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” belongs to the comedy genre.

Comedy is a genre of fiction characterized by a humorous or satirical approach, as well as a type of drama in which the moment of effective conflict or struggle between antagonistic characters is specifically resolved.

Answer: comedy.

Answer: comedy

Name a literary movement that was developed in the literature of the 18th century, the principles of which were embodied in the play by D. I. Fonvizin.

Explanation.

This literary movement is called classicism. Let's give a definition.

Classicism is an artistic movement in European literature of the 17th - early 19th centuries. The most important feature of classicism is a high level of citizenship in the subject matter, an appeal to the samples and forms of ancient literature as an aesthetic standard.

Answer: classicism.

Answer: classicism

Sofia Dobrynina (Primorsko-Akhtarsk) 30.01.2016 11:14

In the literary direction, Fonvizin's play (The Minor) is classified as educational realism. Although the play contains features of both classicism and realism. The author uses the techniques of classicism (unity of time, place...), but does it in a new way, i.e. shows the life and everyday life of the heroes. Therefore, "Minor" refers to early Russian realism of the Enlightenment.

Tatiana Statsenko

We read the question: “Name a literary movement that was developed in the literature of the 18th century...” It is hardly possible to talk about realism in Russian literature of the 18th century.

As the play progresses, the author's explanations and comments are given (“to the side,” “softened,” “with annoyance”). What term are they used to denote them?

Explanation.

This term is called a remark. Let's give a definition.

Directions are explanations with which the playwright precedes or accompanies the course of action in the play. remarks can explain the age, appearance, clothing of the characters, as well as their state of mind, behavior, movements, gestures, intonations. In the stage directions that precede an act, scene, or episode, a designation and sometimes a description of the scene of action or setting is given.

Answer: remark.

Answer: Remark|remarks

The speech of the characters is replete with words and expressions that violate the literary norm (“such rubbish,” “take me away,” etc.). Indicate this type of speech.

Explanation.

This type of speech is called vernacular. Let's give a definition.

Vernacular speech is words, expressions, grammatical forms and constructions common in non-literary colloquial speech, characteristic of poorly educated native speakers and clearly deviating from existing literary language norms. The bearer of vernacular is the uneducated and semi-educated urban population; sometimes words from colloquial speech are used by high-ranking officials in order to find a common language with the target audience.

Answer: vernacular.

Answer: vernacular | colloquial speech | vernacular

Polina Bashkirova 31.01.2017 16:27

Why is the “spoken” speech option not suitable?

Tatiana Statsenko

The names and surnames of the characters in this episode carry a certain meaning. What are these first and last names called?

Explanation.

They are called "talkers". Let's give a definition.

“Talking” surnames are surnames that are part of the characteristics of a character in a work of fiction, emphasizing the most striking feature of the character.

Answer: speakers.

Answer: speaking|speaking surnames|speaking surname

The given scene contains information about the characters, place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features.

Explanation.

This stage is called exposure. Let's give a definition.

Exposition is a depiction of the setting of the action and the position of the characters before the start of the action itself - this is the beginning and development of the conflict.

Answer: exposure.

Answer: exposure

What can you say about the education system in the Prostakov family?

Explanation.

The comedy by D.I. is dedicated to the problem of education in the family of a Russian landowner. Fonvizin "Undergrowth". “Matriarchy” reigns in this family. Mrs. Prostakova, not being particularly intelligent or educated, keeps her entire family subordinate. Mrs. Prostakova, loving her son with all her heart, does not bother him with his studies and pampers him in every possible way. She is unable to instill in Mitrofan any positive qualities or concepts of morality, since she herself is deprived of them. The results of such an upbringing are deplorable: Mitrofanushka is not only ignorant, but also malicious and cunning. In this scene we see that he knows how to flatter his mother, skillfully playing on her feelings. The hero appears in this scene as the favorite of his entire family. For his father, he is a “funny man” and an “entertainer”; his uncle characterizes Mitrofanushka as “mother’s son.” In fact, he is a slacker and a lazy person, a spoiled brat, accustomed to idleness, who quickly learned the customs of the family.

What works of Russian writers satirically depict the morals of the nobles and what brings them closer to the play by D. I. Fonvizin?

Explanation.

Ignorance, parasitism and idleness reign in Prostakova's family. The Prostakov-Skotinins think only about filling their own wallet and their own stomach; they are incapable of managing or being useful. Fonvizin ridicules such nobles, but his laughter sounds through his tears, because the state is in danger from such would-be rulers.

The nobility is also depicted satirically in Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit.” In the Famusov family, everything is planned in advance: the daughter must be married to a rich man, no matter what his inner content will be, as long as the capitalist is larger. Famusov himself preaches veneration, ignorance, and is far from moral and moral guidelines. Condemning his daughter for her relationship with Molchalin, who did not leave according to his rank, he himself is not averse to wooing the maid Liza.

Spiritual emptiness also characterizes the capital’s society gathered at Anna Pavlovna Scherer’s evening. In the novel “War and Peace” L.N. Tolstoy compares noble society to a well-oiled mechanism, which, however, works in vain. The nobles produce nothing, create nothing; from idleness they have lost their humanity.

Thus, Fonvizin, Griboyedov and Tolstoy are characterized by a common attitude towards the ruling class - such people cannot be the elite of society, Russia is in danger in their hands.

Explanation.

This form of communication is called dialogue. Let's give a definition.

Dialogue is a literary or theatrical form of oral or written exchange of statements (replicas) in a conversation between two or more people. Traditionally contrasted with monologue.

Answer: dialogue.

Answer: dialogue|polylogue

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Unified State Examination Test - 2014 IN LITERATURE

OPTION 7

A training test to prepare for the Unified State Examination - 2014 in literature. The tasks included in this test fully correspond to the tasks of future real versions of the examination paper in terms of quantity, form, level of complexity and other parameters.

Unified State Examination tests - 2014 in literature consist of three parts.

Part 1 includes 7 tasks with a short answer (B1 - B7), requiring the writing of a word, or a combination of words, or a sequence of numbers, and 2 tasks with a detailed answer (C1 - C2) in the amount of 5 - 10 sentences.

Part 2 includes 5 tasks with a short answer (B8 - B12) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5 - 10 sentences (C3 - C4).

Part 3 includes 3 tasks, from which you need to choose only one and give a detailed, reasoned answer to it in the genre of an essay on a literary topic of at least 200 words.

PART 1

Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks B1 - B7; C1, C2.

Mrs. Prostakova (Trishke). Get out, you bastard. (Eremeevna). Go ahead, Eremeevna, let the child have breakfast. Vit, I’m having tea, the teachers will come soon.

Eremeevna. He already, mother, deigned to eat five buns.

Mrs. Prostakova. So you feel sorry for the sixth one, beast? What zeal! Please take a look.

Eremeevna. Cheers, mother. I said this for Mitrofan Terentyevich. I grieved until the morning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Oh, mother of God! What happened to you, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, mother. Yesterday after dinner it hit me.

Skotinin. Yes, it’s clear, brother, you had a hearty dinner.

Mitrofan. And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all.

Prostakov. I remember, my friend, you wanted to eat something.

Mitrofan. What! Three slices of corned beef, and hearth slices, I don’t remember, five, I don’t remember, six.

Eremeevna. Every now and then he asked for a drink at night. I deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass.

Mitrofan. And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes.

Mrs. Prostakova. What rubbish, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, either you, mother, or father.

Mrs. Prostakova. How is this possible?

Mitrofan. As soon as I start to fall asleep, I see that you, mother, deign to beat father.

Prostakov (aside). Well, my bad! Sleep in hand!

Mitrofan (softened up). So I felt sorry.

Mrs. Prostakova (with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.

Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here, son, is my only consolation.

Skotinin. Well, Mitrofanushka, I see you are a mother’s son, not a father’s son!

Skotinin. Only now our funny man is standing there, frowning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Shouldn't we send for a doctor to the city?

Mitrofan. No, no, mother. I'd rather get better on my own. I’ll run to the dovecote now, maybe...

Mrs. Prostakova. So maybe God is merciful. Go and have some fun, Mitrofanushka.

Mitrofan and Eremeevna leave.

(D.I. Fonvizin “Minor”)

IN 1. Indicate the genre to which D.I.’s play belongs. Fonvizin "Minor".

B2. Name the literary movement that was developed in the literature of the 18th century, the principles of which were embodied in the play by D.I. Fonvizina.

B3. The above scene conveys a lively conversation between the characters. What is this form of communication between characters in a work of art called?

Q4. Establish a correspondence between the characters in "The Minor" and their statements.

For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down your answer in numbers in the table and transfer it to answer form No. 1.

B5. The characters' speech is replete with words and expressions that violate the literary norm ("such rubbish", "take me away", etc.). Indicate this type of speech.

B6. The names and surnames of the characters in this episode carry a certain meaning. What are these first and last names called?

Q7. The given scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features.

To complete tasks C1 and C2, use answer form No. 2.

When completing task C2, select two works of different authors for comparison (in one of the examples, it is acceptable to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in a given direction of analysis.

C1. What can you say about the education system in the Prostakov family?

C2. What works of Russian writers satirically depict the morals of the nobles and what brings them closer to the play by D.I. Fonvizina?

PART 2

Read the work below and complete tasks B8 - B12; C3, C4.

There are names, and there are dates, -

They are full of imperishable essence.

We are guilty before them in everyday life, -

Do not atone for guilt on holidays.

And praises with loud music

Do not drown out their holy memory.

And they will live in our descendants,

That maybe we will be left behind the line.

(A.T. Tvardovsky, 1966)

B8. Indicate the thematic variety of lyrics to which the given poem belongs.

Q9. " There are names and there are dates..." What technique is used in the first line of the poem?

B10. In the phrase “doxology with loud music,” a means of artistic expression is used, which is based on the transfer of the properties of some objects and phenomena to others. What's it called?

B11. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the poem.

1) personification

2) grotesque

3) inversion

4) antithesis

5) anaphora

Enter the corresponding numbers in the table and transfer them to answer form No. 1.

B12. What size is the poem written by A.T. Tvardovsky "...There are names and there are such dates..."?

To complete tasks C3 and C4, use answer form No. 2.

First write down the number of the task, and then give a direct, coherent answer to the question (approximate volume - 5-10 sentences).

When completing task C4, select two works of different authors for comparison (in one of the examples, it is acceptable to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in a given direction of analysis.

Write down your answers clearly and legibly, following the rules of speech.

C3. What does the lyrical hero of the poem see as the guilt of his generation?

C4. How close are the poems by A.T. Tvardovsky works of Russian poets who addressed the topic of historical memory?

PART 3

To complete the task of part 3, choose only ONE of the proposed essay topics (C5.1, C5.2, C5.3).

In answer form No. 2, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay on this topic in a volume of at least 200 words (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is scored 0 points).

Argument your theses based on literary works (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems).

Use literary theoretical concepts to analyze the work.

Think over the composition of your essay.

Write your essay clearly and legibly, observing the norms of speech.

C5.1. What gave rise to the contemporaries of A.S. Pushkin to call him “the singer of friendship”?

C5.2. Why is the world of those in power so ugly and caricatured in M.E.’s satire? Saltykov-Shchedrin?

C5.3. How does the theme of maternal suffering develop in the poem by A.A. Akhmatova's "Requiem"?

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Mrs. Prostakova (Trishke). Get out, you bastard. (Eremeevna.) Come on, Eremeevna, let the child have breakfast. After all, I hope the teachers will come soon.
Eremeevna. He already, mother, deigned to eat five buns.
Mrs. Prostakova. So you feel sorry for the sixth one, beast? What zeal! Please take a look.
Eremeevna. Cheers, mother. I said this for Mitrofan Terentyevich. I grieved until the morning.
Mrs. Prostakova. Oh, mother of God! What happened to you, Mitrofanushka?
Mitrofan. Yes, mother. Yesterday after dinner it hit me.
Skotinin. Yes, apparently, brother, you had a hearty dinner.
Mitrofan. And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all.
Prostakov. I remember, my friend, you wanted to eat something.
Mitrofan. What! Three slices of corned beef, and hearth slices, I don’t remember, five, I don’t remember, six.
Eremeevna. Every now and then he asked for a drink at night. I deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass.
Mitrofan. And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes.
Mrs. Prostakova. What rubbish, Mitrofanushka?
Mitrofan. Yes, either you, mother, or father.
Mrs. Prostakova. How is this possible?
Mitrofan. As soon as I start to fall asleep, I see that you, mother, deign to beat father.
Prostakov (aside). Well! my misfortune! sleep in hand!
Mitrofan (softened up). So I felt sorry.
Mrs. Prostakova (with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?
Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.
Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here, son, is my only consolation.
Skotinin. Well, Mitrofanushka! You, I see, are a mother’s son, not a father’s son.
Prostakov. At least I love him, as a parent should, he’s a smart child, he’s a sensible child, he’s funny, he’s an entertainer; sometimes I am beside myself with him, with joy I truly don’t believe that he is my son, Skotinin. Only now our funny man is standing there, frowning.
Mrs. Prostakova. Shouldn't we send for a doctor to the city?
Mitrofan. No, no, mother. I'd rather get better on my own. Now I’ll run to the dovecote, maybe...
Mrs. Prostakova. So maybe God is merciful. Go and have some fun, Mitrofanushka.

Mitrofan and Eremeevna leave.
B1. Indicate the genre to which D.I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” belongs.
B2. Name the literary movement that was developed in the literature of the 18th century, the principles of which were embodied in the play by D.I. Fonvizina.
B3. The above scene conveys a lively conversation between the characters. What is this form of communication between characters in a work of art called?
Q4. As the play progresses, the author's explanations and comments are given (“to the side,” “softened,” “with annoyance”). What term do they use?
B5. The characters’ speech is replete with words and expressions that violate literary norms (“such rubbish,” “take me away,” etc.). Indicate this type of speech.
B6. The names and surnames of the characters in this episode carry a certain meaning. What are these first and last names called?
Q7. The given scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features.
C1. What can you say about the education system in the Prostakov family?
C2. What works of Russian writers satirically depict the morals of the nobles and what brings them closer to the play by D.I. Fonvizin?
B1. Comedy
B2. Classicism
B3. Dialogue
Q4. Remarks
B5. Vernacular
B6. Speakers
Q7. Exposition

Starodum and Pravdin

Pravdin. This was the package that the local landlady herself notified me about yesterday in front of you.
Starodum. So, do you now have a way to stop the inhumanity of the evil landowner?
Pravdin. I have been instructed to take charge of the house and villages at the first rabies from which the people under her control could suffer.
Starodum. Thank God that humanity can find protection! Believe me, my friend, where the sovereign thinks, where he knows what his true glory is, there his rights cannot but return to humanity. There everyone will soon feel that everyone must seek their happiness and benefits in the one thing that is legal... and that it is unlawful to oppress their own kind with slavery.
Pravdin. I agree with you on this; Yes, how tricky it is to destroy inveterate prejudices in which low souls find their benefits!
Starodum. Listen, my friend! A great sovereign is a wise sovereign. His job is to show people their direct good. The glory of his wisdom is to rule over people, because there is no wisdom to rule over idols. The peasant, who is worse than everyone else in the village, usually chooses to shepherd the flock, because it takes a little intelligence to graze the cattle. A sovereign worthy of the throne strives to elevate the souls of his subjects. We see this with our own eyes.
Pravdin. The pleasure which princes enjoy in possessing free souls must be so great that I do not understand what motives could distract...
Starodum. A! How great a soul must be in a sovereign in order to take the path of truth and never stray from it! How many nets are laid to catch the soul of a person who has the fate of his own kind in his hands! And firstly, a crowd of stingy flatterers...
Pravdin. Without spiritual contempt it is impossible to imagine what a flatterer is.
Starodum. A flatterer is a creature who does not have a good opinion not only of others, but also of himself. All his desire is to first blind a person’s mind, and then make of him what he needs. He is a night thief who will first put out the candle and then begin to steal.
Pravdin. Human misfortunes, of course, are caused by their own corruption; but ways to make people kind...
Starodum. They are in the hands of the sovereign. How soon everyone sees that without good behavior no one can become a person; that no vile length of service and no amount of money can buy what merit is rewarded with; that people are chosen for places, and not places are kidnapped by people, then everyone finds his advantage in being well-behaved and everyone becomes good.
Pravdin. Fair. The great sovereign gives...
Starodum. Grace and friendship to those whom he pleases; bridge and rank to those who are worthy.
Pravdin. So that there is no shortage of worthy people, special efforts are now being made to educate...
Starodum. It should be the key to the well-being of the state. We see all the unfortunate consequences of bad education. Well, what can come of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for whom ignorant parents also pay money to ignorant teachers? How many noble fathers who entrust the moral education of their son to their serf slave! Fifteen years later, instead of one slave, two come out, an old guy and a young master.
Pravdin. But persons of the highest status enlighten their children...
Starodum. So, my friend; Yes, I would like that, despite all the spiders, the main goal of all human knowledge, good behavior, is not forgotten. Believe me, science in a depraved person is a fierce weapon to do evil. Enlightenment elevates one virtuous soul. I would like, for example, that when raising the son of a noble gentleman, his mentor would unfold History to him every day and show him two places in it: in one, how great people contributed to the good of their fatherland; in another, as an unworthy nobleman, who used his trust and power for evil, from the height of his magnificent nobility fell into the abyss of contempt and reproach.

B1. Within what literary movement was D.I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” created?
B2. What era ideas are promoted in this fragment of D.I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor”?
B3. Indicate the name of the genre of drama to which D.I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” belongs?
Q4. What term refers to the form of speech of characters that represents an exchange of remarks:
“Starodum. Grace and friendship to those whom he pleases; bridge and rank to those who are worthy.
Pravdin. So that there is no shortage of worthy people, special efforts are now being made to educate..."?

B5. What is the name of sayings that express complete and generalized thoughts in a laconic form: “The great sovereign is a wise sovereign,” “everyone should seek his happiness and benefits in the one thing that is lawful,” “science in a corrupt person is a fierce weapon to do evil,” and etc.?

B6. Indicate the surname of the heroine of D.I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor,” in which in this fragment of the play the evil landowner is called.”

C1. Why does D.I. Fonvizin devote so much space in this fragment to discussions about the “great sovereign”?

C1. What is the main theme of this fragment and how does it relate to the general themes of the play?

C2. Which Russian writers tried to create the image of an ideal ruler on the pages of their works?

B1. Classicism
B2. Education
B3. Comedy
Q4. Dialogue
B5. Aphorism
B6. Prostakov

Pravdin. Aren't you ashamed, Kuteikin?
Kuteikin (downing his head). Shame on you, damned one.
Starodum (to Tsyfirkin). Here's to you, my friend, for your kind soul.
Tsyfirkin. Thank you, Your Highness. Thankful. You are free to give me. I myself, without deserving it, will not demand a century.
Milon (giving him money). Here's more for you, my friend!
Tsyfirkin. And thanks again.
Pravdin also gives him money.
Tsyfirkin. Why, your honor, are you complaining?
Pravdin. Because you are not like Kuteikin.
Tsyfirkin. AND! Your Honor. I'm a soldier.
Pravdin (to Tsyfirkin). Go ahead, my friend, with God.
Tsyfirkin leaves.
Pravdin. And you, Kuteikin, perhaps come here tomorrow and take the trouble to settle accounts with the lady herself.
Kuteikin (running out). With myself! I'm giving up on everything.
Vralman (to Starodum). Starofa hearing is not ostafte, fashe fysokorotie. Take me back to the sepa.
Starodum. Yes, Vralman, I guess, have you fallen behind the horses?
Vralman. Hey, no, my dad! Shiuchi with great hospotam, it concerned me that I was with horses.
Ms. Prostakova, Starodum, Milon, Sofya, Pravdin, Mitrofan, Eremeevna.
Starodum (to Pravdin, holding the hands of Sophia and Milan). Well, my friend! We're going. Wish us...
Pravdin. All the happiness to which honest hearts are entitled.
Mrs. Prostakova (rushing to hug her son). You are the only one left with me, my dear friend, Mitrofanushka!
Mitrofan. Let go, mother, how you imposed yourself...
Mrs. Prostakova. And you! And you leave me! A! ungrateful! (She fainted.)
Sophia (running up to her). My God! She has no memory.
Starodum (Sofya). Help her, help her.
Sofya and Eremeevna are helping.
Pravdin (to Mitrofan). Scoundrel! Should you be rude to your mother? It was her crazy love for you that brought her the most misfortune.
Mitrofan. It's like she doesn't know...
Pravdin. Rude!
Starodum (Eremeevne). What is she now? What?
Eremeevna (looking intently at Mrs. Prostakova and clasping her hands). He will wake up, my father, he will wake up.
Pravdin (to Mitrofan). With you, my friend, I know what to do. I went to serve...
Mitrofan (waving his hand). For me, where they tell me to go.
Mrs. Prostakova (waking up in despair). I'm completely lost! My power has been taken away! You can’t show your eyes anywhere out of shame! I don't have a son!
Starodum (pointing to Mrs. Prostakova) These are the worthy fruits of evil!
B1. What element in the development of the plot of the work is this fragment?
B2. Determine the genre of D.I. Fonvizin’s work “The Minor”?
B3. Which of the characters at the end of the play expresses the author's assessment of events?
Q4. The text of the fragment is an alternation of short statements by different persons. What is this type of verbal communication called in a dramatic work?
B5. Find and write down a word from Prostakova’s last remark that belongs to the vernacular.
B6. One of the characteristic techniques of classicism is to reveal the character of the hero through his surname. What are these surnames called?
C1. What does the author of “Undergrowth” mean by the concept of “evil morality”?
C2. In which works of Russian classics are the “worthy fruits of evil” revealed?
B1. Denouement
B2. Comedy
B3. Starodum
Q4. Dialogue
B5. Nowhere
B6. Speakers

Genre originality

Test

Fonvizin "Nedorosl"