Types of one-part sentences theory. One-part definitely-personal sentences with examples

12.10.2019

By presence of main members simple sentences are divided into two-part and one-part.

Two-part are called, in the grammatical basis of which there are both main members - subject and predicate. In the forest the smell lingered rotten grass.

One-piece simple sentences are called whose grammatical basis consists of one main member - the subject (nouns) or the predicate (verbs). Summer noon.

The difficulty in determining the grammatical basis is represented by sentences in which any member may not be named, which is clear from the nearest text. In this case, incomplete sentences can be either two-part or one-part.
1) The cyclists finished. Straightened our tired backs. The second sentence does not have a subject cyclists, clear from the previous sentence. The second sentence is an incomplete two-part sentence.
2) On Sunday morning I go to the stadium. In the evening - to a concert. In the second sentence the main member of the one-part sentence is not named I'm coming. This is an incomplete one-part (definitely personal) sentence.

Sentences can be incomplete only in the composition of the members of the sentence, but not in meaning. Missed sentence members are easily restored thanks to previous sentences (context) or the corresponding extra-linguistic situation.

Name sentences

Nominal Sentences are one-part simple sentences with the main member being the subject. In nominal sentences, it is reported about an object or phenomenon and it is stated that this object or this phenomenon exists in the present. Express train. It rattles the forests, spreading smoke onto the yellow stubble.

Nominal sentences are pronounced with the intonation of a message. Nominal sentences are most often used in journalistic and artistic styles.

Verb one-part simple sentences

IN verb monoparts In simple sentences, the main member is the predicate. Verbal one-part sentences are divided into definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal and impersonal.

1. Definitely personal proposals

Definitely personal are called one-part sentences with a predicate-verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person. Let's swim deserted Ladoga under a bright rainbow arch.

In definite-personal sentences, the predicate cannot be expressed by a verb in the past tense and in the 3rd person singular form: the 3rd person is not definite, and the past tense does not indicate a person at all. Definitely personal sentences are synonymous in meaning to two-part sentences and are often used to avoid repetition of the same word.

2. Vaguely personal sentences

IN vaguely personal In sentences, the predicate is expressed by verbs of the 3rd person plural of the present or future tense or plural of the past tense. Soon will announce about the election results.

3. Generalized personal sentences

Generalized-personal sentences are one-part sentences in which the predicate verb names an action that relates to any person. A group of generalized personal sentences is distinguished by meaning. A grammatically generalized meaning is usually conveyed by a verb in the 2nd person singular form. Generalized personal sentences are typical for proverbs and aphoristic statements. Teach others - and himself you'll learn .

The 3rd person plural form can also have a generalized meaning. After a summer of raspberries don't go .

Definitely personal and indefinitely personal sentences acquire a generalized meaning (i.e. move into the category of generalized-personal ), if called an action that can be applied to everyone and everyone individually. Encourage good and condemn evil .

4. Impersonal offers

Impersonal sentences are one-part sentences with a predicate, in which there is not and cannot be a subject. Smells bird cherry, honey porridge and lily of the valley.

The concept of one-part sentences. All simple sentences, according to the nature of the grammatical basis, in the Russian language are divided into two types: two-part and one-part. Unlike two-part sentences, one-part sentences have only one main member. Moreover, the absence of the second member of the sentence does not prevent the transmission of a logically complete thought in a one-part sentence.

For example: Early spring. Flowers are planted in flower beds. Everything gets dark later.

In one-part sentences, the main member can act as the subject and predicate. Depending on whether the sentence has a subject or predicate, sentences are called nominal or verbal, respectively. A distinctive feature of verbal one-part sentences is that they are subjectless. A one-part verb sentence includes a conjugated form of the verb, which acts as a verb - a connective.

Differences between one-part and incomplete sentences

In defining a one-part sentence, you should know their main difference from incomplete sentences, which also have only one main member. For example:

1) Plum trees are planted in the gardens.
2) What do gardeners do in the fall? – Plum trees are planted in the gardens.

In the first case, we see that an established action occurs; who performs it is not important in the sentence. In the second case, the sentence indicates an action that is performed by certain subjects—gardeners. The subject gardeners is omitted from the sentence, but it can be easily restored in it, guided by the previous sentence. This means that the second sentence belongs to the category of two-part incomplete, and the first - one-part.

Groups of one-part sentences. According to the method of expression and the meaning of the main member, one-part sentences are divided into the following groups:
1. Definitely personal. I love the winter forest. I contemplate the stormy sea.
2. Vaguely personal. A new store is being built in the village. Songs are sung on the outskirts.
3. Impersonal. It's getting light. It's getting dark. I wish I could get some sleep. I'm cold.
4. Nominal. Summer. It's hot.
5. Generally personal. You never know where you will find your true happiness.

In one-part sentences with a verbal predicate, only the action is expressed, there is no doer. In impersonal one-part sentences, there is no provision at all for the person who performs the action. It is important not to forget that in sentences such as I am cold, “me” is a person who only experiences the state, but does not create it in any way, and cannot act as the subject. In generalized personal sentences, the main member indicates an action performed by a wide, indefinite range of subjects.

A one-part sentence, the main member of which is the predicate and which is represented by only one word, is called a nominal sentence.

For example: Morning. Freezing. Night.

The contrast between two-part and one-part sentences is associated with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-Part Sentences contain two main members - subject and predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It's getting dark.

Types of one-part sentences

Principal term expression form	Examples	Correlative constructions two-part sentences
1. Sentences with one main member - PREDICATE
1.1. Definitely personal proposals
Predicate verb in the 1st or 2nd person form (there are no past tense or conditional forms, since in these forms the verb has no person).	I love the storm in early May. Run after me!	I I love the storm in early May. You Run after me!
1.2. Vaguely personal proposals
Verb-predicate in the third person plural form (in the past tense and conditional mood, verb-predicate in the plural).	They knock on the door. There was a knock on the door.	Somebody knocks on the door. Somebody knocked in the door.
1.3. Generalized personal proposals
They do not have their own specific form of expression. In form - definitely personal or indefinitely personal. Isolated by value. Two main types of value: A) the action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a specific person (speaker) is habitual, repetitive, or presented in the form of a generalized judgment (the predicate verb is in the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person).	You can't take the fish out of the pond without difficulty(definitely personal in form). Do not count your chickens before they are hatched(in form - vaguely personal). You can't get rid of the spoken word. You’ll have a snack at the rest stop, and then you’ll go again.	Any ( any) can’t easily take the fish out of the pond. All do not count your chickens before they are hatched . Any ( any) counts chickens in the fall. From the spoken word any won't let go. I I’ll have a snack at the rest stop and then go again.
1.4. Impersonal offer
1) Predicate verb in impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter form).	A) It's getting light; It was dawning; I'm lucky; b) Melting; V) To me(Danish case) can't sleep; G) by the wind(creative case) blew the roof off.	b) Snow is melting; V) I am not sleeping; G) The wind tore off the roof.
2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	A) It's cold outside ; b) I'm cold; V) I'm upset ;	a) there are no correlative structures; b) I'm cold; V) I am sad.
3) A compound verbal predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	A) To me sorry to leave with you; b) To me Need to go .	A) I I don't want to leave with you; b) I have to go.
4) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - a short passive participle of the past tense in the singular form, neuter.	Closed . Well said, Father Varlaam. The room is smoky.	The shop is closed . Father Varlaam said smoothly. Someone smoked in the room.
5) The predicate no or a verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences).	No money . There was no money. There is no money left. There wasn't enough money.
6) The predicate no or a verb in the impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither (negative impersonal sentences).	There is not a cloud in the sky. There wasn't a cloud in the sky. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a penny.	The sky is cloudless. The sky was cloudless. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a penny.
1.5. Infinitive sentences
The predicate is an independent infinitive.	Everyone keep quiet! Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea! To forgive a person, you need to understand him.	Everyone keep quiet. There will be a thunderstorm. I would go to the sea. To you could forgive the person, you must understand him.
2. Sentences with one main member - SUBJECT
Nominative (nominative) sentences
The subject is a name in the nominative case (there cannot be a circumstance or addition in the sentence that would relate to the predicate).	Night . Spring .	Usually there are no correlative structures.

Notes.

1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There's not a cloud in the sky) are monocomponent only when expressing negation. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence will become two-part: the genitive case form will change to the nominative case form (cf.: No money. - Have money ; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).

2) A number of researchers form the genitive case in negative impersonal sentences ( No money ; There's not a cloud in the sky) is considered part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually treated as an addition.

3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be a thunderstorm!) a number of researchers classify them as impersonal. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal sentences in meaning. The main part of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the actor. In infinitive sentences the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); the inevitability or desirability of active action is noted ( Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea!).

4) Many researchers classify denominative (nominative) sentences as two-part sentences with a zero connective.

Note!

1) In negative impersonal sentences with an object in the form of the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a penny) the predicate is often omitted (cf.: The sky is clear; I don't have a penny).

In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with an omitted predicate).

2) The main meaning of denominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is a statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These constructions are possible only when the phenomenon is correlated with the present time. When changing tense or mood, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate be.

Wed: It was night ; It will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.

3) Denominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain adverbials, since this minor member usually correlates with the predicate (and there is no predicate in denominative (nominative) sentences). If a sentence contains a subject and a circumstance ( Pharmacy- (Where?) around the corner; I- (Where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to parse such sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.

Wed: The pharmacy is / is located around the corner; I rushed / ran to the window.

4) Denominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain additions that are correlated with the predicate. If there are such additions in the sentence ( I- (for whom?) For you), then it is more expedient to parse these sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.

Wed: I'm walking/following you.

Plan for parsing a one-part sentence

Determine the type of one-part sentence.
Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that allow the sentence to be classified specifically as this type of one-part sentence.

Sample parsing

Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).

The sentence is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by a verb in the second person imperative mood.

A fire was lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by a verb in the plural past tense.

With a kind word you can melt a stone(proverb).

The proposal is one-part. The form is definitely personal: predicate melt it expressed by a verb in the second person future tense; by meaning - generalized-personal: the action of the predicate verb refers to any actor (cf.: A kind word will melt any stone).

It smelled wonderful of fish.(Kuprin).

The sentence is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by a verb in an impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter).

Soft moonlight(Zastozhny).

The sentence is one-part (nominal). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

One-part sentence and its types

Parsing a simple sentence

Analysis plan:

1. Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement

2. Type of sentence according to emotional coloring

3. We determine the type of sentence by structure: we find the grammatical basis, indicate whether it is two-part or one-part.

4. Determine the composition of the sentence: widespread / non-common, complete / incomplete. We characterize the secondary members of the sentence.

5. We indicate how the sentence is complicated (introductory words, plug-in constructions, homogeneous members, separate additions, definitions, circumstances, words of appeal, clarifying members of the sentence).

The fading day is captivating And blushed brightly .

1) Narrative, non-exclamatory.

2) Simple, two-part.

3) Day– subject, expressed by noun. m.r., in the form Im.p., singular; day (what does it do?) blushes– simple verbal predicate, expressed by ch. in the form of past vr., m.r., will express. n., units h.

4) Widespread, complete. Secondary members of the sentence: day (which?) fading– an agreed definition expressed by a participle; blushes (how?) captivating and bright- circumstance of the course of action.

5) The proposal is complicated by similar circumstances captivating and bright.

One-part sentence is a simple sentence that has only one main member of the sentence (subject or predicate). Types of one-part sentences:

1. Name sentences- these are one-part nominal sentences in which there is only a subject expressed by a noun. in the form of Im. n. They have two meanings:

1) Phenomena or objects in the present tense: crossing, crossing ! Shore left, shore right. Snow rough, edge ice. Evening . Sighs wind. Stately exclamation waves

2) Indication of the subject: Here front door entrance . Here's the letter . Letter from my son.

Attention! If a nominative sentence begins with particle A, then it is interrogative-exclamation: Do you remember the grove above the river? What kind of sand? What about water?

2. Definitely personal proposals- these are one-part verbal sentences in which there is only a predicate, expressed by ch. 1st person indicative n. or ch. 2nd l. imperative n. units or more h., present or future tense. In a definite personal sentence, you can insert a subject, and then it will become two-part: I'm studying Fine. – I'm studying Fine.

3. Vaguely personal proposals- these are one-part verbal sentences in which there is only a predicate expressed by ch. 3rd l., pl. h., past time:

In the door knocked . - Ch. 3rd l., pl. h., past vr.

What's new in newspapers write ? - Ch. 3rd l., pl. h., present vr.

In the village will build new school - ch. 3rd l., pl. h., bud. vr.

You can put pronouns in place of the subject they, everyone, etc., then the sentence will become two-part: He believed . – They all) to him believed .

4.In general - personal- these are one-part verbal sentences in which there is only a predicate expressed by ch. 2nd year units h. or ch. 3rd year pl. hours present or bud. time:

Chicks in the fall consider . According to clothes meet - according to the mind see off . Late autumn days scold usually.

4. Impersonal offers- these are one-part verbal sentences in which there is only a predicate expressed by an impersonal verb. Impersonal sentences convey the state of man, nature and the environment, the inevitability of something, the absence of something. They do not and cannot have a subject.

Ways to express the predicate in impersonal sentences

Simple verb predicate

Compound predicate

1. Impersonal verb (chapter 3rd l., singular, present, past or future tense): It's getting light in the distance. Outside evening . Nice smells bird cherry. From the pond pulled cold. Already quite it got dark . 2. Infinitive: Be great thunderstorm! Hey, there on the bridge, dismount, prepare documents . 3. Status category: In the field quietly-quietly 3. Status category: In the field . To me sad can't sleep . can't sleep 4. In the words NO, IT WAS NOT: Stronger than the cat of the beast No . I have

rulers. Gerasima did not have outside. 1. Verbal: A) Impersonal auxiliary verb. + infinitive: Above your sentence . worth thinking about . Soon it will be dawn You shouldn't (shouldn't) rush with an answer. B) Condition category ( necessary, necessary, possible, impossible, impossible ) + infinitive: It's good to wander in the peace of a gentle country. In a word can be saved .