What does the professor do before the ball? Immorality in Sharikov’s behavior

In 1925, as a response to the events taking place in the country, M. Bulgakov’s satirical story “ dog's heart" And although the work was initially intended to be published in the Nedra magazine, it was published only in 1987. Why did it happen so? Let's try to answer this question by analyzing the image of the main character, Sharik-Polygraph Poligrafovich.

Characteristics of Sharikov and who he became as a result of the experiment - important point to understand the idea of ​​the work. Moskovsky, together with his assistant Bormental, decided to determine whether a pituitary gland transplant would promote rejuvenation of the body. They decided to conduct the experiment on a dog. The donor was the deceased lumpen Chugunkin. To the amazement of the professor, the pituitary gland not only took root, but also contributed to the transformation good dog into a person (or rather a human-like creature). The process of its “formation” is the basis of the story written by M. Bulgakov, “The Heart of a Dog.” Sharikov, whose characteristics are given below, is surprisingly similar to Klim. And not only in appearance, but also in manners. In addition, the new masters of life in the person of Shvonder quickly explained to Sharikov what rights he had in society and in the professor’s house. As a result, Preobrazhensky burst into the calm, familiar world of absolute devil. First Poligraf Poligrafovich, then an attempt to seize the living space, and finally an open threat to Bormental’s life became the reason that the professor carried out the reverse operation. And very soon a harmless dog lived in his apartment again. This is the summary of the story “Heart of a Dog”.

Sharikov's characterization begins with a description of the life of a stray dog, picked up by a professor on the street.

Street life of a dog

At the beginning of the work, the writer depicts winter Petersburg through the perception of it by a homeless dog. Cold and thin. Dirty, matted fur. One side was badly burned - they scalded it with boiling water. This is the future Sharikov. The dog's heart - a characteristic of the animal shows that he was kinder than the one who later turned out of him - responded to the sausage, and the dog obediently followed the professor.

The world for Sharik consisted of hungry and well-fed people. The first were evil and sought to harm others. For the most part, they were “life’s lackeys,” and the dog did not like them, calling them “human wastes.” The latter, to whom he immediately classified the professor, he considered less dangerous: they were not afraid of anyone, and therefore did not kick others. This is how Sharikov was originally.

“Heart of a Dog”: characteristics of a “domestic” dog

During the week of his stay in Preobrazhensky's house, Sharik changed beyond recognition. He recovered and turned into a handsome man. At first, the dog treated everyone with distrust and kept wondering what they wanted from him. He understood that they would hardly have given him shelter just like that. But over time, he became so accustomed to a nourishing and warm life that his consciousness became dull. Now Sharik was simply happy and was ready to endure everything, if only he would not be sent to the street.

The dog respected the professor - after all, it was he who took him in. He fell in love with the cook, since he associated her possessions with the very center of the paradise in which he found himself. He perceived Zina as a servant, which is what she really was. And Bormenthal, who was bitten on the leg, called him “chipped” - the doctor had nothing to do with his well-being. And although the dog arouses the reader’s sympathy, already now one can notice some features that will later be identified by Sharikov’s characterization. In the story “Heart of a Dog,” those who instantly believed in the new government and hoped to get out of poverty overnight and “become everything” are initially identified. In the same way, Sharik exchanged freedom for food and warmth - he even began to wear the collar that distinguished him from other dogs on the street with pride. And a well-fed life made him a dog, ready to please his owner in everything.

Klim Chugunkin

Transformation of a dog into a man

No more than three months passed between the two operations. Dr. Bormenthal describes in detail all the changes, external and internal, that occurred in the dog after the operation. As a result of humanization, the result was a monster that inherited the habits and beliefs of its “parents.” Here a brief description of Sharikov, in whom the dog’s heart coexisted with part of the proletarian’s brain.

Polygraph Poligrafovich had an unpleasant appearance. Constantly used foul language and curses. From Klim he passed on a passion for the balalaika, and, playing it from morning to evening, he did not think about the peace of others. He was addicted to alcohol, cigarettes, and sunflower seeds. During all this time I never got used to order. Inherited the love for the dog from delicious food and hatred of cats, laziness and a sense of self-preservation. Moreover, if it was still possible to somehow influence the dog, then Poligraf Poligrafovich considered his life at someone else’s expense to be quite natural - the characteristics of Sharik and Sharikov lead to such thoughts.

"Heart of a Dog" shows how selfish and unprincipled he was main character, realizing how easy it is to get whatever he wants. This opinion only became stronger when he made new friends.

The role of Shvonder in the “formation” of Sharikov

The professor and his assistant tried in vain to accustom the creature they had created to order, adherence to etiquette, etc., but Sharikov became impudent before his eyes and did not see any barriers in front of him. Shvonder played a special role in this. As chairman of the house committee, he had long disliked the intelligent Preobrazhensky because the professor lived in a seven-room apartment and retained his old views on the world. Now he decided to use Sharikov in his fight. At his instigation, Poligraf Poligrafovich proclaimed himself a labor element and demanded to allocate the square meters due to him. Then he brought Vasnetsova to the apartment, whom he intended to marry. Finally, not without the help of Shvonder, he concocted a false denunciation against the professor.

The same chairman of the house committee arranged for Sharikov to take the position. And now yesterday’s dog, dressed in clothes, began to catch cats and dogs, experiencing pleasure from this.

And Sharik again

However, everything has a limit. When Sharikov attacked Bormental with a pistol, the professor and the doctor, who understood each other without words, began the operation again. The monster, generated by the combination of slave consciousness, Sharik's opportunism and Klim's aggressiveness and rudeness, was destroyed. A few days later, a harmless, cute dog lived in the apartment again. And the failed medical-biological experiment highlighted a social and moral problem that was very troubling for the writer, which Sharik and Sharikov help to understand. Comparative characteristics(“The Heart of a Dog,” according to V. Sakharov, is “smart and hot satire”) shows them how dangerous it is to intrude into the realm of natural human and public relations. It was the depth of meaning of the work that became the reason that the story about the cheerful transformations of the heroes was banned by the authorities for many decades.

The meaning of the story

“Heart of a Dog” - Sharikov’s characterization confirms this - describes the dangerous social phenomenon, which originated in Soviet country after the revolution. People similar to the main character often found themselves in power and, through their actions, destroyed the best that had developed in human society over the centuries. Living at someone else's expense, denunciation, contempt for educated, intelligent people - these and similar phenomena became the norm in the twenties.

One more important point should be noted. Preobrazhensky’s experiment is an intervention in the natural processes of nature, which is again proved by Sharikov’s characterization in the story “Heart of a Dog”. The professor understands this after everything that happened and decides to correct his mistake. However, in real life everything is much more complicated. And an attempt to change society by revolutionary violent means is initially doomed to failure. That is why the work does not lose relevance to this day, serving as a warning to contemporaries and descendants.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is the central figure of M. A. Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog,” the result of a bold experiment by Professor Preobrazhensky, who transplanted the pituitary gland of the alcoholic Klim Chugunkin, who was killed with a knife in a pub, to the yard dog Sharik. This operation had truly catastrophic consequences, turning an intelligent and, in its way, tactful dog into a vile boor, living next to him turned out to be completely impossible.

M.A. Bulgakov embodied in the image of Sharikov all the most disgusting features of the so-called “new” man, whom the Soviet government extolled. Even the choice of an intricate name - Poligraf Poligrafovich, in combination with a “hereditary” surname, which was a characteristic feature of that time, evoked a sarcastic smile from the author. Sharikov inherited from Klim Chugunkin all the worst that was in this man, from his appearance to his character, habits and worldview.

The appearance of the “new man” was also repulsive. Short, with a very low forehead, barely noticeable between bushy eyebrows and a brush of coarse hair on his head, dressed tastelessly and sloppily, but with pretension, Poligraf Poligrafovich, nevertheless, was very pleased with himself. Who he was dissatisfied with was his creator, Professor Preobrazhensky, who tried to teach him to behave decently in society, constantly pulled him back, told Sharikov that he was a fool and limited him with various prohibitions.

However, Poligraf Poligrafovich very quickly found himself an ally in the fight against the “tyranny” of the professor. It turned out to be the manager of the housing association Shvonder, who had long dreamed of “squeezing out” Professor Preobrazhensky and taking away his “extra” living space. For this Sharikov could not have come at a more opportune time. Shvonder began to educate him in the spirit of demagoguery of Soviet propaganda, and this “education” quickly bore fruit. Considering conscience, morality, shame, and compassion to be “relics,” the new masters of life instead demonstrate anger, hatred, meanness, and the desire to take away and divide everything that was not created by them.

Every day Sharikov’s behavior became uglier. He drinks, is rude, riots, steals, molests women, depriving all the inhabitants of the apartment of peace and peace of mind.

The pinnacle of Sharikov’s “human” career is his appointment as head of the department for clearing the capital of stray animals. This is the very case when work brings true pleasure: “We strangled these cats, strangled them!”

The last straw that broke Professor Preobrazhensky’s patience was Sharikov’s statement that he wanted to sign with the typist and live with her in the professor’s apartment. To get rid of Preobrazhensky, he writes a denunciation against the professor, after which he turns him back into a dog.

Unfortunately, in real life getting rid of “balloons” is not so easy. How many of us are there - spitting on the floor, swearing, not burdened by education and moral standards, considering their behavior to be the only possible and correct one. I wish they could all have the pituitary glands of smart, well-mannered dogs transplanted!

Essay about Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov

Mikhail Bulgakov's story “The Heart of a Dog” is the story of an experiment to transform a dog into a human.

A successful professor, Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky, with his assistant Doctor Bormental, commits complex operation to transplant part of a human brain into a dog.

This is how the story of a new man begins.

The key figure in Bulgakov's story is Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov.

At first he is an unhappy, hungry and tortured street dog. He's just looking for somewhere to get food and a quiet place to lick his wounds. Like any living creature, he wants warmth and affection. And here's a happy accident! “The Magician and Magician from a Dog’s Fairy Tale” appears - this is exactly what the professor looks like in the eyes of the mongrel. He picks up a good-natured dog, but not to give him a home and care. Sharik is destined to become the object of the professor's experiment.

After performing a pituitary gland transplant operation, Preobrazhensky and Bormenthal observe changes in the dog’s physiology, the gradual transformation of the dog into a human being.

Throughout the entire story, Sharikov’s formation as a citizen occurs. Gradually it turns from ordinary stray dog into personality. And now he is no longer an ordinary mongrel Sharikov, but a new citizen Sharikov.

This new person, albeit a “laboratory creature.” And like anyone else, he wants to have his own name, rights and freedoms. Wants to be a citizen in the Soviet state. He does not make a respectable citizen, but he tries to develop: he demands documents and even gets a job catching stray animals.

Sharikov displays the character traits of Chugunkin, whose pituitary gland was transplanted into the dog. Chugunkin is a very immoral type - a thief and a repeat offender. These traits make Bulgakov’s character not the most pleasant person. Sharikov behaves outrageously, uses foul language, pesters women, and drinks. The professor does not lose hope of re-educating his ward, but Polygraph's behavior only gets worse. Preobrazhensky realizes that the experiment was unsuccessful when Sharikov writes a denunciation against him and threatens to kill him.

Philip Philipovich had no idea that the experiment would turn out this way. Sharikov becomes a problem for the professor. Preobrazhensky performs another operation and reverses the transformation of Polygraph Sharikov into a good-natured dog.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is a rather ambiguous figure. He is no longer a kind street dog, but he is no longer Klim Chugunkin. He is an incredible symbiosis of dog and man, a failed experiment.

After all, ordinary stray dog I didn't want to become a human. “I may not have given my permission for the operation,” says Sharikov.

Did Professor Preobrazhensky have the right to control the destinies of living beings? An experiment for the benefit of science that crossed the boundaries of moral principles. That is why the story “Heart of a Dog” remains relevant today.

Sharik in Bulgakov's story Heart of a Dog

In the story by Bulgakov M. A “Heart of a Dog” is not just we're talking about about the professor's experiment. Bulgakov draws attention to the first type of person who appeared in the scientists’ laboratory. The whole essence of the story is based on the relationship between one scientist and Sharik, an unnaturally appearing man and a dog. At first the story is about speech inside a hungry yard dog. He draws conclusions about life on the street, its way of life, the nature of Moscow morals, its restaurants and shops. He values ​​kindness and affection, he is a very sympathetic dog.

At what point does a complete revolution appear in Sharik’s life; he lives with a professor, where great amount rooms. But the professor needs the dog for his experiment. Preobrazhensky transplants into the dog the brain of a man who in the past was Chugunkin, played the balalaika, led a riotous lifestyle, for which he was killed. As a result of the experiment, everything worked out for the professor, Sharik became a man, but he took the genes of his ancestor, he was arrogant, boorish, ill-mannered, inadequate, not knowing anything at all, and not understanding about human relationships.

Disagreements began between the professor and Sharikov. The whole essence of the problem lies in the fact that a barely successful person finds support in society in order to resist his creator. And they convince Sharikov that the Professor worst enemy number one. It got to the point that Sharikov brought him a paper stating that he has a share in his apartment.

He personally understands the main worldview of the new masters of life: do what you want, steal, destroy everything that others have done, but the main thing is to be like others. And yet, the ungrateful former dog brought the professor a paper stating that he was entitled to some share in his apartment. Qualities such as moral principles, shamefulness, or conscience are alien to Sharikov.

The further he went, the worse he behaved, he drank, had fun, brought anyone to the professor's house, rowded there as he wanted. But the point was that he found himself a job as the head of cleaning the city from stray animals. But this is not surprising, he always tried to set up his own people. At one point he brought a girl into the apartment and said that he wanted to marry her. The professor told Sharikov’s past, the girl, sobbing, naturally didn’t know anything, he deceived her by inventing various legends about himself. In the story, Preobrazhensky managed to return everything to normal; he turned the dog Sharik from the man Sharikov. And life went on as usual.

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Bulgakov’s work “Heart of a Dog” gave birth to the new concept of “Sharikovism”. As a rule, such neoplasms have a negative connotation. Let’s compare, for example, with Oblomovism. And this negative dominant has a right to exist. Sharikov, transformed by the professor from a dog, although he received a “human” heart, was never able to become a real person. If we consider Sharikovism as a social phenomenon, then we should probably turn to its origin.
A breed like Sharikov was created thanks to the combination of a dog and a three-time convicted man - Klim Chugunkin.
As a result of the operation of Preobrazhensky and Bormental, a new creature was obtained - Poligraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. The purpose of the operation was to transplant a human pituitary gland into a dog, which, according to the professor, is the main thing in determining human personality. “In a word, the pituitary gland is a closed chamber that defines a given human face. Given!” Preobrazhensky focuses on the word given, i.e. it is given to a person from the outside, and is not actually inherent in him. All this is confirmed by the actions of Sharikov, who finds himself in a new environment for him. What is this environment like? Previously, when there were a large number of people, no one touched the professor’s galoshes. But “one fine day in March 17th all the galoshes disappeared.” Or another example, “The 2nd entrance of the Kalabukhovsky house on Prechistenka should be blocked with boards and you should walk around through the back yard.” And this environment educates and shapes a person. As a result, just such a person: a convicted person suffering from alcoholism receives a second life in the body of a dog and in the new environment that reigned in Preobrazhensky’s apartment.
But this one the new kind a living being goes beyond the boundaries of the paradise created by the professor and enters the world of devastation that is going on in the “heads” of people. After all, they will not be able to change their position in better side while they sing in chorus in some apartment. And this social environment pulls Sharikov to the very bottom of his life. He starts stealing and drinking. Here is how Bulgakov describes him: “He, staggering and sticking to his fur coats, muttered about the fact that he did not know the personalities, that they were not some sons of bitches, but “good.” And the very appearance of the man who has just appeared is described by the author with a certain amount of irony. By calling him “little man,” he immediately shows Sharikov’s insignificance.
Not small role Spiritual education also plays a role in the development of a person. For Sharikov, it is replaced by the social. He reads Engels's correspondence with Kautsky, and not the classics that the professor probably has in his house. Sharikov is looking for social justice, demanding to register himself in Preobrazhensky’s apartment. He wants to start a family with a young lady, lying to her about his wounds. But these new trends of the modern era must have not only a social, but also a moral basis.
We can say that the image of Sharikov, created by Bulgakov, is immoral. He doesn't have a basic sense of respect for others, not to mention the fact that you shouldn't spit in the well you drink from. Indeed, Klim Chugunkin in dog's clothing gets a chance to new life With clean slate. But the environment that Sharikov chooses is not conducive to development positive qualities character. Under the influence of the house committee Shvonder, he demands living space in the professor’s apartment. However, Shvoider himself immediately comes across what he cultivates in Sharikov: “I’ll register, but fighting is a piece of cake.” To which Preobrazhensky, angrily exchanging glances with Bormenthal, remarks: “Wouldn’t you like morality?” Once a person is spoiled, it is impossible to re-educate him again, and therefore Sharikov sinks further and further. When drunk, he harms not only himself, but also those around him. It’s good that there are people who help “victims” get out of the influence of the immoral Sharikov: “Daria Petrovna, grandiose and naked, shook him: “Admire, Mr. Professor, our visitor Telegraph Telegrafovich. I was married, and Zina was an innocent girl”?
He skillfully deceives the young lady whom he brought to live in Preobrazhensky’s apartment. Sharikov lied to her that the scar from the operation was the result of his wounds in battle. And he didn’t tell me, of course, who he was. His bestial habits do not disappear even after the operation. He does not develop in a society that gives him a new life. He still remains a dog, but already in figuratively. “You stand at the lowest stage of development,” shouted Philip Philipovich, “you are still an emerging, mentally weak creature, all your actions are purely bestial...” No one is helping Sharikov get rid of this. On the contrary, the house committee, as if anticipating benefit, condones the development in it negative qualities. Bormeptal fears this dangerous influence more than Preobrazhensky: “But if this Shvonder still treats him, what will come of him?! My God, I’m only now beginning to understand what can come out of this Sharikov!” And here in this conversation we are even more convinced that the professor has created a person who, over time, hopes to re-educate. “Cats are temporary,” says Philip Philipovich. - It's a matter of discipline for two to three weeks. Trust me. Just another month and he will stop attacking them.” It turns out that the remnants of the dog could die off like an atavism after some time. However, the heart still remains a dog's. Or maybe it’s for the best that the heart is not human. After all, we perform all actions according to the will of the mind or the dictates of the heart. But a person around whom there is only devastation and crime has only one thing left: to live with his heart. “Realize that the whole horror is,” the professor warns, “that he no longer has a dog’s heart, but a human one. And the lousiest of all that exist in nature!”
In Sharikov, all the distortions of that time and the circumstances that developed in them were reflected, as in a mirror. Only Sharikovism reigns all around. And there is no escape from him even in the professor’s laboratory. Sharikovism, as a phenomenon described by Bulgakov, becomes a warning to all generations. When creating something new, you must be prepared to give it not only form, but appropriate content. After all, it is we who will then have to deal with the irreversible consequences of this phenomenon. Or maybe it’s just not worth starting all this. Our hearts are not like dogs and our appearance is far from social excesses and immorality.

Subject of the work

At one time, M. Bulgakov’s satirical story caused a lot of talk. In “Heart of a Dog” the heroes of the work are bright and memorable; The plot is fantasy mixed with reality and subtext, in which sharp criticism of the Soviet regime is openly read. Therefore, the work was very popular in the 60s among dissidents, and in the 90s, after its official publication, it was even recognized as prophetic.

The theme of the tragedy of the Russian people is clearly visible in this work; in “Heart of a Dog” the main characters enter into an irreconcilable conflict with each other and will never understand each other. And, although the proletarians won in this confrontation, Bulgakov in the novel reveals to us the whole essence of the revolutionaries and their type of new man in the person of Sharikov, leading us to the idea that they will not create or do anything good.

There are only three main characters in “Heart of a Dog,” and the narrative is mainly told from Bormenthal’s diary and through the dog’s monologue.

Characteristics of the main characters

Sharikov

A character who appeared as a result of an operation from the mongrel Sharik. A transplant of the pituitary gland and gonads of the drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin turned a sweet and friendly dog ​​into Poligraf Poligrafych, a parasite and a hooligan.
Sharikov embodies everything negative traits new society: spits on the floor, throws cigarette butts, does not know how to use the restroom and constantly swears. But this is not even the worst thing - Sharikov quickly learned to write denunciations and found a calling in killing his eternal enemies, cats. And while he deals only with cats, the author makes it clear that he will do the same with people who stand in his way.

Bulgakov saw this base power of the people and a threat to the entire society in the rudeness and narrow-mindedness with which the new revolutionary government resolves issues.

Professor Preobrazhensky

An experimenter who uses innovative developments in solving the problem of rejuvenation through organ transplantation. He is a famous world scientist, a respected surgeon, whose “speaking” surname gives him the right to experiment with nature.

I was used to living in grand style - servants, a house of seven rooms, luxurious dinners. His patients are former nobles and high revolutionary officials who patronize him.

Preobrazhensky is a respectable, successful and self-confident person. The professor, an opponent of any terror and Soviet power, calls them “idlers and idlers.” He considers affection the only way to communicate with living beings and denies the new government precisely for its radical methods and violence. His opinion: if people are accustomed to culture, then the devastation will disappear.

The rejuvenation operation yielded an unexpected result - the dog turned into a human. But the man turned out to be completely useless, uneducable and absorbing the worst. Philip Philipovich concludes that nature is not a field for experiments and he interfered with its laws in vain.

Dr. Bormenthal

Ivan Arnoldovich is completely and completely devoted to his teacher. At one time, Preobrazhensky took an active part in the fate of a half-starved student - he enrolled him in the department, and then took him on as an assistant.

The young doctor tried in every possible way to develop Sharikov culturally, and then completely moved in with the professor, as it became more and more difficult to cope with the new person.

The apotheosis was the denunciation that Sharikov wrote against the professor. IN climax When Sharikov took out a revolver and was ready to use it, it was Bromenthal who showed firmness and toughness, while Preobrazhensky hesitated, not daring to kill his creation.

The positive characterization of the heroes of “Heart of a Dog” emphasizes how important honor and self-respect. Bulgakov described himself and his doctor-relatives in many of the same traits as both doctors, and in many ways would have acted the same way as them.

Shvonder

The newly elected chairman of the house committee, who hates the professor as a class enemy. This is a schematic hero, without deep reasoning.

Shvonder completely bows to the new revolutionary government and its laws, and in Sharikov he sees not a person, but a new useful unit of society - he can buy textbooks and magazines, participate in meetings.

Sh. can be called Sharikov’s ideological mentor; he tells him about his rights in Preobrazhensky’s apartment and teaches him how to write denunciations. The chairman of the house committee, due to his narrow-mindedness and lack of education, always hesitates and gives in in conversations with the professor, but this makes him hate him even more.

Other heroes

The list of characters in the story would not be complete without two au pairs - Zina and Daria Petrovna. They recognize the superiority of the professor, and, like Bormenthal, are completely devoted to him and agree to commit a crime for the sake of their beloved master. They proved this at the time of the repeated operation to transform Sharikov into a dog, when they were on the side of the doctors and accurately followed all their instructions.

You have become acquainted with the characteristics of the heroes of Bulgakov’s “Heart of a Dog,” a fantastic satire that anticipated the collapse of Soviet power immediately after its emergence - the author, back in 1925, showed the whole essence of those revolutionaries and what they were capable of.

Work test

Consider the image of Sharikov from the story “Heart of a Dog.” In this work, Bulgakov does not just talk about the unnatural experiment he conducted. Mikhail Afanasyevich describes new type a person who appeared not in a scientist’s laboratory, but in Soviet reality in the post-revolutionary years. An allegory of this type is the image of Sharikov in the story “The Heart of a Dog.” Plot basis The works consist of the relationship between a major scientist and Sharikov, a man artificially created from a dog.

Assessment of life by the dog Sharik

The first part of this story is based largely on the internal monologue of a stray half-starved dog. He evaluates street life in its own way, gives a description of the characters, morals, and life of Moscow during the NEP era with many teahouses, shops, taverns on Myasnitskaya with clerks who hated dogs. Sharik is able to appreciate affection and kindness, and sympathize. He, oddly enough, understands the social structure well new country. Sharik condemns the new masters of life, but knows about Preobrazhensky, an old intellectual from Moscow, that he will not “kick” a hungry dog.

Implementation of Preobrazhensky's experiment

In the life of this dog, a happy accident occurs, in her opinion - a professor takes her to his luxurious apartment. It has everything, even a few “extra rooms”. However, the professor does not need the dog for fun. He wants to carry out a fantastic experiment: after transplanting a certain part, a dog will have to turn into a human. If Preobrazhensky becomes Faust, creating a man in a test tube, then his second father, who gave Sharik his pituitary gland, is Klim Petrovich Chugunkin. Bulgakov very briefly characterizes this man. His profession is playing around taverns on the balalaika. He is poorly built, the liver is dilated as a result of drinking alcohol. Chunugkin died in a pub from a stab in the heart. The creature that appeared after the operation inherited the essence of its second father. Sharikov is aggressive, swaggering, insolent.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov

Mikhail Afanasyevich created bright image Sharikov in the story "Heart of a Dog". This hero is devoid of ideas about culture, about how to behave with other people. After some time, a conflict brews between the creation and the creator, Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, who calls himself a “homunculus,” and Preobrazhensky. The tragedy is that a “man” who has barely learned to walk finds reliable allies in his life. They are failing the revolutionary theoretical basis for all his actions. One of them is Shvonder. Sharikov learns from this hero about what privileges he, a proletarian, has in comparison with Preobrazhensky, a professor. In addition, he begins to understand that the scientist who gave him a second life is a class enemy.

Sharikov's behavior

Let’s add a few more touches to the image of Sharikov in Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog.” This hero clearly understands the main credo of the new masters of life: steal, plunder, steal what others have created, and most importantly, strive for equalization. And the dog, once grateful to Preobrazhensky, no longer wants to put up with the fact that the professor settled “alone in seven rooms.” Sharikov brings a paper according to which he should be allocated an area of ​​16 square meters in the apartment. m. Morality, shame, and conscience are alien to the polygraph. He lacks everything else except anger, hatred, meanness. He's getting looser and looser every day. Polygraph Poligrafovich commits outrages, steals, drinks, and molests women. This is the image of Sharikov in the story “Heart of a Dog”.

The finest hour of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov

The new job becomes his finest hour. A former stray dog ​​makes a dizzying leap. She turns into the head of the department for cleaning Moscow from stray animals. This choice of profession by Sharikov is not surprising: people like them always want to destroy their own. However, Polygraph does not stop there. New details complement the image of Sharikov in the story “Heart of a Dog.” Short description His further actions are as follows.

The story of the typist, the reverse transformation

Sharikov appears some time later in Preobrazhensky’s apartment with a young girl and says that he is signing with her. This is a typist from his department. Sharikov declares that Bormental will need to be evicted. In the end, it turns out that he deceived this girl and made up many stories about himself. The last thing Sharikov does is inform on Preobrazhensky. The sorcerer-professor from the story that interests us manages to turn a man back into a dog. It’s good that Preobrazhensky realized that nature does not tolerate violence against itself.

Sharikovs in real life

In real life, alas, Sharikovs are much more durable. Arrogant, self-confident, with no doubt that everything is permitted to them, these semi-literate lumpen people have brought our country to a deep crisis. This is not surprising: violence over progress historical events, neglect of the laws of social development could only give rise to the Sharikovs. The polygraph in the story turned back into a dog. But in life he managed to go a long and, as it seemed to him and suggested to others, a glorious path. He poisoned people in the 30-50s, just like once stray animals were once in his line of work. He carried suspicion and dog anger throughout his entire life, replacing with them dog loyalty, which had become unnecessary. This hero, having entered intelligent life, remained at the level of instincts. And he wanted to change the country, the world, the universe in order to make it easier to satisfy these animal instincts. All these ideas are conveyed by the creator of the image of Sharikov in the story “Heart of a Dog.”

Human or animal: what distinguishes ballers from other people?

Sharikov is proud of his low origins and his lack of education. In general, he is proud of everything low that is in him, since only this raises him high above those who stand out in mind and spirit. People like Preobrazhensky need to be trampled into the dirt so that Sharikov can rise above them. The Sharikovs outwardly do not differ in any way from other people, but their non-human essence is waiting for the right moment. When it comes, such creatures turn into monsters, waiting for the first opportunity to seize their prey. That's their true face. The Sharikovs are ready to betray their own. For them, everything holy and lofty turns into its opposite when they touch it. The worst thing is that such people managed to achieve considerable power. Having come to her, the non-human strives to dehumanize everyone around him so that it becomes easier to manage the herd. All human feelings displaces them

Sharikovs today

It is impossible not to turn to modern times when analyzing the image of Sharikov in the story “Heart of a Dog.” Short essay According to the work, the final part should contain a few words about today's ballgames. The fact is that after the revolution in our country all the conditions were created for the emergence a large number of similar people. Contributes greatly to this totalitarian system. They have penetrated all areas public life, they still live among us. The Sharikovs are able to exist, no matter what. Main threat humanity today - a dog's heart along with a human mind. Therefore, the story, written at the beginning of the last century, remains relevant today. It is a warning to future generations. It sometimes seems that Russia has become different during this time. But the way of thinking, the stereotypes, will not change in 10 or 20 years. It will take more than one generation before the Sharikovs disappear from our lives, and people become different, devoid of animal instincts.

So, we looked at the image of Sharikov in the story “Heart of a Dog”. Summary works will help you get to know this hero better. And after reading the original story, you will discover some details of this image that we have omitted. The image of Sharikov in the story by M.A. Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog" is a great artistic achievement of Mikhail Afanasyevich, like the entire work as a whole.