I was sure that my unauthorized absence from Orenburg was to blame. I could easily justify myself: not only was horsemanship never forbidden, but it was still encouraged by all means. I could be accused of being overzealous, not disobedient. But my friendly relations with Pugachev could be proved by many witnesses and must have seemed at least very suspicious. All the way I thought about the interrogations awaiting me, pondered my answers and decided to declare the absolute truth before the court, believing this method of justification to be the simplest, and at the same time the most reliable.

I arrived in Kazan, devastated and burnt. In the streets, instead of houses, there were piles of coals and smoky walls without roofs and windows stuck out. Such was the trace left by Pugachev! I was brought to a fortress that had survived in the middle of a burnt city. The hussars handed me over to the guard officer. He ordered to call the blacksmith. They put a chain on my feet and chained it tightly. Then they took me to the prison and left me alone in a cramped and dark kennel, with only bare walls and with a window blocked by an iron grate.

This beginning did not bode well for me. However, I did not lose courage or hope. I resorted to the consolation of all those who were grieving, and, for the first time, I tasted the sweetness of prayer poured out from a pure but torn heart, I calmly fell asleep, not worrying about what would happen to me.

The next day the prison watchman woke me up with the announcement that I was being asked to join the commission. Two soldiers led me across the yard to the commandant's house, stopped in the hallway, and let one of them into the inner rooms.

I entered a fairly large room. Two people were sitting at a table covered with papers: an elderly general, looking stern and cold, and a young guards captain, about twenty-eight years old, very pleasant-looking, dexterous and free to handle. By the window, at a special table, sat the secretary with a pen behind his ear, leaning over the paper, ready to write down my testimony. The interrogation began. I was asked about my name and rank. The general asked if I was Andrei Petrovich Grinev's son? And to my answer I objected sternly: “It is a pity that such a respectable person has such an unworthy son!” I calmly replied that whatever the accusations weighing on me, I hope to dispel them with a sincere explanation of the truth. He didn't like my confidence. “You, brother, are a voster,” he said to me, frowning, “but we have seen not such ones!”

Then the young man asked me: on what occasion and at what time did I enter the service of Pugachev, and on what instructions was I used by him?

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. audiobook

I replied indignantly that I, as an officer and a nobleman, would not enter into any service with Pugachev and could not accept any orders from him.

“How, then,” my interrogator objected, “is the nobleman and officer alone spared by the impostor, while all his comrades are murdered villainously?” How does this same officer and nobleman feast in a friendly way with the rebels, accept gifts from the main villain, a fur coat, a horse and half a dollar of money? Why did such a strange friendship come about and on what is it based, if not on treason, or at least on vile and criminal cowardice?

I was deeply offended by the words of the officer of the Guards, and began my excuse with vehemence. I told how my acquaintance with Pugachev began in the steppe, during a snowstorm; how, during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, he recognized me and spared me. I said that the sheepskin coat and the horse, however, I did not hesitate to accept from the impostor; but that I defended the Belogorsk fortress against the villain to the last extreme. Finally, I referred to my general, who could testify to my zeal during the disastrous siege of Orenburg.

The stern old man took an open letter from the table and began to read it aloud:

“At your Excellency’s request regarding Ensign Grinev, who was allegedly involved in the current confusion and entered into relations with the villain, which was not permitted by service and contrary to duty, I have the honor to explain: this Ensign Grinev was in the service in Orenburg from the beginning of October last 1773 until February 24 this year, on which date he left the city and since then has not been in my team. And it is heard from the defectors that he was with Pugachev in the settlement and went with him to the Belogorsk fortress, in which he had previously been in the service; as for his behavior, I can…” Here he interrupted his reading and said to me sternly: “What will you say to yourself now in justification?”

I wanted to continue as I had begun, and to explain my connection with Marya Ivanovna as sincerely as everything else. But suddenly he felt an irresistible disgust. It occurred to me that if I named her, the commission would require her to answer; and the thought of entangling her name between the vile tales of villains and bringing her herself to face-to-face confrontation with them - this terrible thought struck me so much that I hesitated and became confused.

My judges, who seemed to begin to listen to my answers with some favor, were again prejudiced against me at the sight of my embarrassment. The Guards officer demanded that I be placed at a confrontation with the main informer. The general ordered to call yesterday's villain. I quickly turned to the door, waiting for the appearance of my accuser. A few minutes later the chains rattled, the doors opened, and Shvabrin entered. I was amazed at his change. He was terribly thin and pale. His hair, which had recently been jet black, had turned completely gray; long beard was disheveled. He repeated his accusations in a weak but bold voice. According to him, I was assigned from Pugachev to Orenburg as a spy; daily went to skirmishes in order to convey written news about everything that was happening in the city; that, finally, he clearly passed on to the impostor, traveled with him from fortress to fortress, trying in every possible way to destroy his comrades-traitors in order to take their places and use the rewards handed out from the impostor. I listened to him in silence and was satisfied with one thing: the name of Marya Ivanovna was not uttered by the vile villain, perhaps because his pride suffered at the thought of the one who rejected him with contempt; Is it because there was a spark of the same feeling in his heart, which also forced me to be silent - be that as it may, the name of the daughter of the Belogorsk commandant was not uttered in the presence of the commission. I became even more convinced of my intention, and when the judges asked how I could refute Shvabrin's testimony, I replied that I stuck to my first explanation and could not say anything else to justify myself. The general ordered us to withdraw. We went out together. I glanced calmly at Shvabrin, but did not say a word to him. He grinned an evil smile and, lifting his chains, outstripped me and quickened his steps. I was again taken to prison and since then I have not been required to be interrogated.

I have not witnessed everything that remains for me to notify the reader; but I have heard stories about it so often that the slightest details are engraved in my memory and that it seems to me that I was present invisibly there and then.

Marya Ivanovna was received by my parents with that sincere cordiality which distinguished the people of the old century. They saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress the poor orphan. Soon they became sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to know her and not love her. My love no longer seemed to the father an empty whim; and the only thing my mother wanted was for her Petrusha to marry the captain's sweet daughter.

The news of my arrest shocked my entire family. Marya Ivanovna told my parents so simply about my strange acquaintance with Pugachev that it not only did not bother them, but also made them often laugh from the bottom of their hearts. Batiushka did not want to believe that I could be involved in a vile rebellion, the purpose of which was the overthrow of the throne and the extermination of the noble family. He severely interrogated Savelich. The uncle did not hide the fact that the master was visiting Emelka Pugachev and that the villain still complained about something; but he swore that he had never heard of any betrayal. The old people calmed down and began to look forward to favorable news. Marya Ivanovna was greatly alarmed, but kept silent, for she was gifted to the highest degree with modesty and caution.

Several weeks passed... Suddenly, the priest receives a letter from St. Petersburg from our relative, Prince B**. The prince wrote to him about me. After an ordinary attack, he announced to him that the suspicions about my participation in the plans of the rebels, unfortunately, turned out to be too thorough, that an exemplary execution should have befallen me, but that the empress, out of respect for the merits and advanced years of her father, decided to pardon the criminal son and, saving him from a shameful execution, she ordered only to be exiled to a remote region of Siberia for an eternal settlement.

This unexpected blow nearly killed my father. He lost his usual firmness, and his grief (usually mute) poured out in bitter complaints. "How! he repeated, losing his temper. - My son participated in the plans of Pugachev! Good God, what have I lived for! The empress saves him from execution! Does that make it easier for me? The execution is not terrible: my ancestor died at the place of execution, defending what he considered the shrine of his conscience; my father suffered along with Volynsky and Khrushchev. But the nobleman should change his oath, unite with robbers, murderers, runaway lackeys!.. Shame and disgrace to our family! human opinion. My father was inconsolable.

Marya Ivanovna suffered the most. Being sure that I could justify myself whenever I wanted to, she guessed the truth and considered herself the cause of my misfortune. She hid her tears and suffering from everyone, and meanwhile she constantly thought about the means of saving me.

One evening, the priest was sitting on the sofa, turning over the pages of the Court Calendar; but his thoughts were far away, and reading did not produce its usual effect on him. He was whistling an old march. Mother silently knitted a woolen jersey, and tears from time to time dripped on her work. Suddenly Marya Ivanovna, who was immediately sitting at work, announced that necessity compelled her to go to Petersburg and that she asked to be given a way to go. Mother was very upset. “Why are you in Petersburg? - she said. “Really, Marya Ivanovna, do you want to leave us too?” Marya Ivanovna answered that her whole future fate depended on this journey, that she was going to seek protection and help from strong people, like the daughter of a man who had suffered for his loyalty.

My father lowered his head: every word reminiscent of the imaginary crime of his son was painful to him and seemed like a sharp reproach. "Go, mother! he told her with a sigh. We don't want to interfere with your happiness. God grant you a good man, not a defamated traitor, as your suitor. He got up and left the room.

Marya Ivanovna, left alone with her mother, partly explained her assumptions to her. Matushka hugged her with tears and prayed to God for a happy end to the plot. Marya Ivanovna was equipped, and a few days later she set off on the road with the faithful Broadsword and the faithful Savelich, who, forcibly separated from me, consoled himself at least with the thought that he was serving my betrothed bride.

Maria Ivanovna safely arrived in Sofia and, having learned at the post office that the Court was at that time in Tsarskoe Selo, she decided to stop there. She was given a corner behind the partition. The superintendent's wife immediately got into conversation with her, announced that she was the niece of the court stoker, and initiated her into all the mysteries of court life. She told me at what hour the empress usually woke up, ate coffee, and took a walk; what nobles were at that time with her; that she deigned to speak at her table yesterday, whom she received in the evening - in a word, Anna Vlasyevna's conversation was worth several pages of historical notes and would be precious for posterity. Marya Ivanovna listened to her with attention. They went to the garden. Anna Vlasyevna told the story of each alley and each bridge, and after walking up, they returned to the station very pleased with each other.

The next day, early in the morning, Marya Ivanovna woke up, dressed, and quietly went into the garden. The morning was beautiful, the sun illuminating the tops of the lindens, which had already turned yellow under the fresh breath of autumn. The wide lake shone motionless. Awakened swans importantly swam out from under the bushes that overshadowed the shore. Marya Ivanovna walked near a beautiful meadow where a monument had just been erected in honor of the recent victories of Count Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev. Suddenly a white dog of English breed barked and ran towards her. Marya Ivanovna was frightened and stopped. At that very moment, a pleasant female voice rang out: "Don't be afraid, she won't bite." And Marya Ivanovna saw a lady sitting on a bench opposite the monument. Marya Ivanovna sat down at the other end of the bench. The lady looked at her intently; and Marya Ivanovna, for her part, casting a few oblique glances, managed to examine her from head to toe. She was in a white morning dress, a night cap and a shower jacket. She seemed to be forty years old. Her face, full and ruddy, expressed gravity and calmness, and her blue eyes and a slight smile had an inexplicable charm. The lady was the first to break the silence.

"You're not from here, are you?" - she said.

- Exactly so, sir: I just arrived from the provinces yesterday.

- Did you come with your family?

- Not at all, sir. I came alone.

- One! But you are still so young.

“I have neither father nor mother.

“Are you here, of course, on some business?”

- Exactly like that. I came to make a request to the empress.

- You are an orphan: you probably complain about injustice and resentment?

- Not at all, sir. I came to ask for mercy, not justice.

"May I ask who you are?"

- I am the daughter of Captain Mironov.

- Captain Mironov! the one who was the commandant in one of the Orenburg fortresses?

- Exactly like that.

The lady seemed to be touched. “Excuse me,” she said in an even more gentle voice, “if I interfere in your affairs; but I am at court; tell me what your request is, and maybe I can help you.”

Marya Ivanovna got up and respectfully thanked her. Everything in the unknown lady involuntarily attracted the heart and inspired confidence. Marya Ivanovna took a folded paper out of her pocket and handed it to her unfamiliar patroness, who began to read it to herself.

At first she read with an attentive and benevolent air, but suddenly her face changed, and Marya Ivanovna, who followed all her movements with her eyes, was frightened by the stern expression of that face, so pleasant and calm in a minute.

- Are you asking for Grinev? - said the lady with a cold look. “The Empress cannot forgive him. He joined the impostor not out of ignorance and gullibility, but as an immoral and harmful scoundrel.

- Oh, it's not true! cried Marya Ivanovna.

- How untrue! the lady retorted, blushing all over.

- It's not true, by God, it's not true! I know everything, I will tell you everything. For me alone, he was subjected to everything that befell him. And if he did not justify himself before the court, then only because he did not want to confuse me. - Here she told with fervor everything that is already known to my reader.

The lady listened to her attentively. "Where are you staying?" she asked afterwards; and when she heard that Anna Vlasyevna was visiting, she said with a smile: “Ah! I know. Farewell, do not tell anyone about our meeting. I hope you will not wait long for an answer to your letter."

With these words, she got up and went into the covered avenue, and Marya Ivanovna returned to Anna Vlasyevna, filled with joyful hope.

The hostess scolded her for taking an early autumn walk, which, she said, was harmful to the health of a young girl. She brought a samovar and, over a cup of tea, had just begun to endless stories about the court, when suddenly the court carriage stopped at the porch, and the footman entered with an announcement that the empress would deign to invite the maiden Mironova to her place.

Anna Vlasyevna was amazed and got busy. “Oh, my God! she screamed. - The Empress demands you to the court. How did she know about you? But how can you, mother, introduce yourself to the Empress? You, I’m tea, and you don’t know how to step like a courtier ... Shall I see you off? Still, I can at least warn you about something. And how do you ride in a road dress? Should I send to the midwife for her yellow robron?” The footman announced that the Empress wanted Marya Ivanovna to travel alone and in what she would be found wearing. There was nothing to do: Marya Ivanovna got into the carriage and went to the palace, accompanied by the advice and blessings of Anna Vlasyevna.

Marya Ivanovna had a presentiment of the decision of our fate; her heart beat fast and sank. A few minutes later the carriage stopped at the palace. Marya Ivanovna tremblingly went up the stairs. The doors were flung open before her. She passed a long line of empty, magnificent rooms; the footman showed the way. Finally, approaching the locked doors, he announced that he would now report on her, and left her alone.

The thought of seeing the empress face to face terrified her so much that she could hardly stand on her feet. A minute later the doors opened and she entered the empress's dressing room.

The Empress was sitting at her toilet. Several courtiers surrounded her and respectfully let Marya Ivanovna pass. The empress addressed her affectionately, and Marya Ivanovna recognized in her the lady with whom she had spoken so frankly a few minutes before. The empress called her and said with a smile: “I am glad that I could keep my word to you and fulfill your request. Your business is over. I am convinced of your fiancé's innocence. Here is a letter that you yourself will take the trouble to take to the future father-in-law.

Marya Ivanovna accepted the letter with a trembling hand and, crying, fell at the feet of the Empress, who raised her and kissed her. The Empress spoke to her. “I know that you are not rich,” she said, “but I am indebted to the daughter of Captain Mironov. Don't worry about the future. I undertake to arrange your condition.

Having treated the poor orphan, the empress let her go. Marya Ivanovna left in the same court carriage. Anna Vlasyevna, impatiently awaiting her return, bombarded her with questions, to which Marya Ivanovna answered vaguely. Although Anna Vlasyevna was dissatisfied with her unconsciousness, she attributed it to provincial shyness and generously excused her. On the same day, Marya Ivanovna, not inquisitive to look at Petersburg, went back to the village ...

Here the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev stop. From family traditions it is known that he was released from prison at the end of 1774, by personal order; that he was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloodied, was shown to the people. Soon afterwards Pyotr Andreevich married Marya Ivanovna. Their offspring prosper in the Simbirsk province. Thirty versts from *** there is a village belonging to ten landowners. In one of the lordly outbuildings, a handwritten letter from Catherine II is shown behind glass and in a frame. It is written to the father of Pyotr Andreevich and contains an excuse for his son and praise for the mind and heart of Captain Mironov's daughter. The manuscript of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was delivered to us from one of his grandsons, who learned that we were engaged in labor related to the times described by his grandfather. We decided, with the permission of our relatives, to publish it separately, finding a decent epigraph for each chapter and allowing ourselves to change some of our proper names.

The attack is here: introduction.

Volynsky A.P. - an influential minister of the reign of Anna Ioannovna. He headed a group of Russian nobility, which opposed the dominance of the Germans at the court. He was publicly executed in 1740.

Post station and a small town near Tsarskoye Selo.

Elegant women's dress with a wide train.

[Our short retelling of The Captain's Daughter can be used for a reader's diary. On our website you can read the full text of The Captain's Daughter by chapter, as well as an analysis of this story and a biography of A. S. Pushkin.]

Together with his faithful serf tutor Savelich, Petrusha went to Orenburg. On the way, in one of the taverns in Simbirsk, the impudent captain Zurin beat the inexperienced young man for a hundred rubles in billiards.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 2 "Counselor" - summary

Leaving Simbirsk with a coachman, Petrusha and Savelich fell into a strong snowstorm. They were almost covered in snow. Salvation was brought only by an unexpected meeting in an open field with a strange man who showed the way to the inn. On the way to the court, Grinev dozed off in a wagon and saw a mysterious dream about how a black-bearded man affectionately called him to himself, calling himself an imprisoned father, but mercilessly chopped everyone who stood around with an ax.

Having spent the night in the hut, Petrusha in the morning, to celebrate, presented his hare sheepskin coat to the savior, for which he sincerely thanked him. The leader met in the field and the owner of the inn were talking to each other in some strange, understandable phrases only to them.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 3 "Fortress" - summary

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 4 "Duel" - summary

The caustic and impudent Shvabrin spoke of all the inhabitants of the fortress caustically and dismissively. Grinev soon began to dislike him. Petrusha especially did not like Shvabrin's greasy jokes about the captain's daughter Masha. Grinev entered into a quarrel with Shvabrin, and he challenged him to a duel. The reason for Shvabrin's irritation was also revealed: he had previously unsuccessfully wooed Masha and now saw Grinev as his rival.

During the duel with swords, the strong and courageous Petrusha almost drove Shvabrin into the river, but he was suddenly distracted by the cry of Savelich, who ran up. Taking advantage of the fact that Grinev turned away for a moment, Shvabrin wounded him below the right shoulder.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 5 "Love" - ​​a summary

For five days the wounded Petrusha lay unconscious. He was courted not only by the faithful Savelich, but also by Masha. Grinev fell in love with the captain's daughter, and generously reconciled with Shvabrin.

Petrusha wrote to his father, asking him for his blessing to marry Masha. But the parent responded with a sharp refusal. He already knew about the filial duel. Petrusha suspected that the perfidious Shvabrin had informed his father about her. Grinev offered Masha to get married against the will of his parents, but she said that she could not go for it. Petrusha took the refusal of his beloved as a heavy blow and fell into a gloomy mood of the spirit, until unexpected events suddenly brought him out of anguish. (See Masha Mironova and Grinev in The Captain's Daughter.)

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 6 "Pugachevshchina" - summary

At the beginning of October 1773, Captain Mironov called the officers to his place and read to them the notice that had come from the higher authorities. It reported that a certain rebel Emelyan Pugachev had gathered a villainous gang, raised a rebellion in the surrounding areas and had already taken several fortresses.

The captain was very worried. The garrison of Belogorskaya was small, its fortifications were weak, and the hope for local Cossacks was very doubtful. Soon a Bashkir with outrageous sheets was captured nearby, and then the news came that Pugachev had taken the neighboring Nizhneozernaya fortress. The rebels hanged all the officers there.

Captain Mironov and his wife Vasilisa Egorovna decided to take their daughter Masha to Orenburg. Masha said goodbye to Grinev, sobbing into his chest.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 7 "Attack" - a summary

But Masha did not have time to leave. The very next morning, Belogorskaya was surrounded by Pugachev's gangs. The defenders of the fortress tried to defend themselves, but the forces were too unequal. After a hot attack, crowds of rebels burst behind the ramparts.

Pugachev jumped up, sitting in armchairs, began to administer his court. Captain Ivan Kuzmich and his assistant Ivan Ignatich were hanged on a gallows built right there. Grinev was surprised to see that Shvabrin had already managed to put on a Cossack caftan and was sitting next to Pugachev. The rebels dragged Petrusha to the gallows. He was already saying goodbye to life when Savelich threw himself at the feet of Pugachev, begging him to pardon his master. Emelyan gave a sign, and Grinev was released. (See the image of Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter and the Characteristics of Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter.)

The rebels began to rob houses. Masha's mother, Vasilisa Yegorovna, ran out onto the porch of one of them, screaming, and immediately fell dead from the blow of a Cossack saber.

Pugachev's court. Artist V. Perov, 1870s

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 8 "The Uninvited Guest" - a summary

Grinev learned that Masha was hidden at Akulina Pamfilovna's priest's place in order to protect her from violence. But just in this house Pugachev came to feast with his comrades. Popadya hid the captain's daughter in the next room, passing her off as a sick relative.

Savelyich, who approached Grinev, asked if he recognized Pugachev. It turned out that the rebellious leader was the same “leader” who once led them out of the snowstorm to the inn, having received a rabbit coat for this. Grinev realized that Pugachev pardoned him in gratitude for this gift.

A Cossack ran up and said that Pugachev was demanding Grinev to his table. Petrusha was given a place at the feast of the robber leaders, who, after a drunken conversation, sang the song "Don't make noise, mother green oak tree."

When everyone dispersed, Emelyan reminded Grinev of the incident at the inn and invited him to his service, promising to "produce field marshals." Grinev refused. Pugachev was almost angry, but the sincerity and courage of the nobleman made an impression on him. Patting Grinev on the shoulder, he allowed him to leave the fortress wherever he wished.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 9 "Separation" - summary

On the morning of the next day, Pugachev with his crowds set out from the Belogorsk fortress, leaving Shvabrin as its new chief. Masha, whose hand Shvabrin once harassed, was in his power! It was not possible to take her out of the fortress: from shocks, the captain's daughter had a fever at night, and she lay unconscious.

Grinev could only rush to Orenburg and beg the local military authorities to send a detachment to liberate Belogorskaya. On the way, he was overtaken by a Cossack with a horse and a sheepskin coat, which Pugachev “granted” to him.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 10 "The Siege of the City" - a summary

Arriving in Orenburg, Grinev told the general about what had happened in Belogorskaya, and at the military council advocated decisive action. But the opinion of cautious adherents of defensive tactics prevailed. The authorities preferred to sit behind the strong walls of Orenburg. Pugachev soon approached the city and began its siege.

Famine has opened in Orenburg. The brave Grinev daily participated in sorties, fighting with the rebels. In one battle, he accidentally met with a familiar Cossack from Belogorskaya, who gave him a letter from Masha. She reported that Shvabrin was forcibly forcing her to marry him, threatening otherwise to send her as a concubine to Pugachev.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", chapter 11 "Rebellious Sloboda" - summary

Mad with grief, Grinev decided to go alone to Masha in order to save her. The devoted Savelich insisted that he would follow the journey with him. Passing on the exit from Orenburg the settlement where Pugachev's headquarters was located, they were captured by a patrol of five men with clubs.

Grinev was brought to the hut to Pugachev, who immediately recognized him. When questioned, Petrusha explained that he was going to Belogorskaya to save his bride, whom Shvabrin offends there. In a fit of generosity, Pugachev said that tomorrow he would go to Belogorskaya with Grinev and marry him himself to Masha.

In the morning they left. Grinev, sitting with Pugachev in the same wagon, persuaded him to stop the hopeless rebellion. The rebel leader, in response, told a tale about a raven that feeds on carrion and lives for 300 years, and an eagle that dies at 33, but drinks fresh blood.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 12 "The Orphan" - a summary

In the Belogorsk fortress, at first Shvabrin did not want to give Masha away, but under the threats of Pugachev, he involuntarily conceded. It turned out that he kept Masha locked up, feeding her only bread and water.

Pugachev allowed Grinev and the captain's daughter to go wherever they wished. The next day their wagon left Belogorskaya.

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. audiobook

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 13 "Arrest" - a summary

Not far from the fortress, the wagon was stopped by government soldiers who had arrived to pacify the Pugachev rebellion. The head of this unit was Ivan Zurin, who had once beaten Grinev in a Simbirsk tavern and now recognized him. Petrusha joined his unit as an officer, and sent Masha with Savelich to his parents' estate.

Pugachev's uprising was soon crushed. Grinev was looking forward to the day when he would be allowed to go to his native estate, to his father, mother and Masha. But Zurin suddenly received an order to arrest Grinev and send him to Kazan - to the Investigative Commission on the Pugachev case.

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", chapter 14 "Court" - summary

Shvabrin, who was captured during the pacification of the rebellion, acted as a witness against Grinev. He claimed that Petrusha was a secret agent of Pugachev and transmitted information about the state of the besieged Orenburg to him. Grinev was found guilty and sentenced to death, which Empress Catherine II replaced with eternal exile in Siberia.

Having received news of this, the selfless Masha went to St. Petersburg to ask her betrothed for mercy. Having settled near Tsarskoye Selo, during a morning walk in the garden, she met Catherine II herself and told her the details of the history of her family and Grinev. (See the image of Catherine II in The Captain's Daughter.)

The Empress ordered that the innocent officer be fully acquitted. Grinev married the captain's daughter, and their offspring prospered for a long time in the Simbirsk province.

Captain's daughter

1836

Chapter I. Sergeant of the Guard	286
Chapter II. counselor	294
Chapter III. Fortress	304
Chapter IV. Duel	310
Chapter V. Love	319
Chapter VI. Pugachevshchina	327
Chapter VII. Attack	337
Chapter VIII. Uninvited guest	344
Chapter IX. Parting	352
Chapter X. The siege of the city	357
Chapter XI. rebellious settlement	365
Chapter XII. An orphan	376
Chapter XIII. Arrest	383
Chapter XIV. Court	390
Appendix. skipped chapter	401
Full text

About the work

Pushkin's last prose work is a story of love and salvation against the backdrop of a merciless rebellion.

Reviews

The idea of ​​a novel that would tell a simple, artless tale of straight-line Russian life had relentlessly occupied him lately. He abandoned poetry solely so as not to be carried away by anything around and to be simpler in descriptions, and he simplified prose itself to the point that they did not even find any dignity in his first stories. Pushkin was glad of this and wrote The Captain's Daughter, by far the best Russian narrative work. Compared to The Captain's Daughter, all our novels and stories seem like a cloying slob. Purity and artlessness have risen in her to such a high degree that she herself really seems to her artificial and caricatured. For the first time, truly Russian characters appeared: a simple commandant of the fortress, a captain, a lieutenant; the fortress itself with a single cannon, the stupidity of time and the simple grandeur of ordinary people, everything is not only the very truth, but even, as it were, better than it. This is how it should be: that is the calling of the poet, to take us from us and return us to us in a purified and better form.

"The Captain's Daughter" is something like "Onegin" in prose. The poet depicts in it the customs of Russian society in the reign of Catherine. Many paintings, in terms of fidelity, truth of content and mastery of presentation, are a miracle of perfection.<...>The insignificant, colorless character of the hero of the story and his beloved Marya Ivanovna and the melodramatic character of Shvabrin, although they belong to the sharp shortcomings of the story, do not prevent it from being one of the remarkable works of Russian literature.

The “History of the Pugachev Rebellion” is very good in language, but due to the scarcity of materials that the writer could use, historically insufficient; on the other hand, he seized the pictorial stage side of a curious era and presented it masterfully in The Captain's Daughter; this story, albeit a side story, is nevertheless a sister to "Eugene Onegin": children of the same father, and in many respects are similar to each other. His other little novels are not so great, but all are smart, natural and alluring...

Pushkin was a historian where he did not think to be and where a real historian often fails to become one. The Captain's Daughter was written casually, among the works on Pugachevism, but there is more history in it than in The History of the Pugachev Rebellion, which seems like a long explanatory footnote to the novel.

You see historical impartiality, the complete absence of any patriotic glorifications and sober realism ... in Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter. ... there is no hero here in that vulgar form of an impeccably ideal young man, shining with all material and mental prowess, in which such a hero labored at that time in all novels ... Grinev ... This is the most ordinary landowner's son of the 18th century, not particularly distant, not God knows how educated, distinguished by everything in everything with a good soul and a tender heart.<...>

Here<...>Pushkin appears before us not only as a realist in general, but also as a naturalist in the sense that<...>before you unfolds a picture of the life of not some ideal and eccentric personalities, but the most ordinary people; you are transported into the ordinary mass life of the 18th century and see how this life flowed day by day with all its petty everyday interests.<...>Traveling a hundred years ago to his "Captain's Daughter", you do not at all find yourself in some kind of fairy-tale world, but you see the same life that, rolling for a year, for a year, has come down to this day.

But the height of artistic perfection, in terms of strict, sober reality, historical impartiality and depth of understanding, undoubtedly represents the image of Pugachev himself.<...>He and Pugachev managed to bring to the soil of tactile and everyday reality. True, he appears on the stage of the novel not without poetry: like some kind of mythical spirit of thunder and storm, he suddenly looms before the reader from the muddy haze of a blizzard, but looms at all in order to immediately amaze you, as something outstanding and extraordinary. He is a simple runaway Cossack, a half-dressed tramp who has just drunk his last sheepskin coat in a tavern.<...> .

Pugachev is the same in the further development of the novel. This is not at all a villain or a hero, not at all a person who frightens and captivates the crowd with the charm of some formidable and bottomless gloominess of his titanic nature, and even more so by no means a fanatic who consciously strives for a once intended goal. Until the very end of the novel, he remains the same random steppe tramp and good-natured rogue. Under other circumstances, he would have made the most ordinary horse thief; but historical circumstances have suddenly made of him, quite unexpectedly for him, an impostor, and he is blindly attracted by the force of these circumstances, and it is not he who leads the crowd, but the crowd attracts him ...

Pyotr Grinev was born in the Simbirsk village (an essay about him). His parents are Prime Major Andrei Petrovich Grinev and Avdotya Vasilievna Yu. Even before the birth of Peter, his father enrolled him in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant. The boy was on vacation until graduation, but it was conducted very badly. The father hired Monsieur Beaupré to teach French, German and other sciences to the young master. Instead, the man learned Russian with the help of Peter and then everyone began to do their own thing: the mentor - to drink and walk, and the child - to have fun. Later, Monsieur Beaupré was expelled from the court by the boy's father for molesting a maid. No new teachers were hired.

When Peter was in his seventeenth year, his father decided that it was time for his son to serve. However, he was sent not to the St. Petersburg Semyonovsky regiment, but to Orenburg, so that he could sniff the gunpowder and become a real man, instead of having fun in the capital. Stremyannoy Savelich (his characteristic), who was granted uncle to Peter when he was still a child, went with his ward. On the way we made a stop in Simbirsk to buy the necessary things. While the mentor was solving business issues and meeting with old friends, Peter met Ivan Zurin, the captain of the hussar regiment. The man began to teach the young man to be a military man: to drink and play billiards. After that, Peter returned to Savelich drunk, scolded the old man and offended him greatly. The next morning, the mentor began to lecture him and persuaded him not to give back the lost hundred rubles. However, Peter insisted on repaying the debt. Soon the two of them moved on.

Chapter 2: COUNSELOR

On the way to Orenburg, Pyotr Grinev was tormented by his conscience: he realized that he had behaved stupidly and rudely. The young man apologized to Savelich and promised that this would not happen again. The man replied that he was to blame: he should not have left the ward alone. After Pyotr's words, Savelich calmed down a little. Later, a snowstorm overtook the travelers, and they lost their way. After some time, they met a man who suggested in which direction the village was. They drove off, and Grinev dozed off. He dreamed that he returned home, his mother said that his father was dying and wanted to say goodbye. However, when Peter came to him, he saw that it was not his dad. Instead, there was a man with a black beard, who glanced merrily. Grinev was indignant, why on earth would he ask for blessings from a stranger, but his mother ordered him to do so, saying that this was his imprisoned father. Peter did not agree, so the man jumped out of bed and brandished an ax, demanding to accept the blessing. The room was filled with dead bodies. At that moment the young man woke up. Later, he associated many events of his life with this dream. After the rest, Grinev decided to thank the guide and gave him his hare coat against the will of Savelich.

After some time, the travelers arrived in Orenburg. Grinev immediately went to General Andrei Karlovich, who turned out to be tall, but already hunched over by old age. He had long white hair and a German accent. Peter gave him a letter, then they dined together, and the next day Grinev, by order, went to his place of service - to the Belogorsk fortress. The young man was still not happy that his father sent him to such a wilderness.

Chapter 3: FORTRESS

Pyotr Grinev and Savelich arrived at the Belogorsk fortress, which inspired by no means a warlike appearance. It was a frail village where the disabled and the elderly served. Peter met the inhabitants of the fortress: Captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna, their daughter Masha and Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin (his image is described), transferred to this wilderness for murder in a duel with a lieutenant. The offending military man first came to Grinev - he wanted to see a new human face. At the same time, Shvabrin told Peter about the local inhabitants.

Grinev was invited to dinner with the Mironovs. They asked the young man about his family, told how they themselves came to the Belogorsk fortress, and Vasilisa Egorovna was afraid of the Bashkirs and Kirghiz. Masha (her detailed description) until then shuddered from shots from a gun, and when her father decided to fire a cannon on her mother's name day, she almost died of fear. The girl was marriageable, but from the dowry she had only a comb, a broom, an altyn of money and bath accessories. Vasilisa Yegorovna (female images are described) was worried that her daughter would remain an old maid, because no one would want to marry a poor woman. Grinev was biased towards Masha, because before that Shvabrin had described her as a fool.

Chapter 4: DUEL

Soon, Pyotr Grinev got used to the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, and he even liked life there. Ivan Kuzmich, who became an officer from the children of soldiers, was simple and uneducated, but honest and kind. His wife ran the fortress as well as her own household. Marya Ivanovna turned out to be not at all a fool, but a prudent and sensitive girl. The crooked garrison lieutenant Ivan Ignatich did not at all enter into a criminal connection with Vasilisa Yegorovna, as Shvabrin had said before. Because of such nasty things, communication with Alexei Ivanovich became less and less pleasant for Peter. The service did not burden Grinev. There were no reviews, no exercises, no guards in the fortress.

Over time, Peter liked Masha. He composed a love poem for her and let Shvabrina appreciate it. He strongly criticized the essay and the girl herself. He even slandered Masha, hinting that she went to him at night. Grinev was indignant, accused Alexei of lying, and the latter challenged him to a duel. At first, the competition did not take place, because Ivan Ignatich reported on the intentions of the young people to Vasilisa Yegorovna. Masha confessed to Grinev that Alexey had been wooing her, but she refused. Later, Peter and Alexei again went to a duel. Because of the sudden appearance of Savelich, Grinev looked around, and Shvabrin stabbed him in the chest with a sword.

Chapter 5: LOVE

On the fifth day after the misfortune, Grinev woke up. Savelyich and Masha were nearby all the time. Peter immediately confessed his feelings to the girl. She did not answer him at first, referring to the fact that he was ill, but later agreed. Grinev immediately sent a request for a blessing to his parents, but his father replied with a rude and decisive refusal. In his opinion, Peter got stupid in his head. Grinev Sr. was also indignant about his son's duel. He wrote that, having learned about this, his mother fell ill. The father said that he would ask Ivan Kuzmich to immediately transfer the young man to another place.

The letter horrified Peter. Masha refused to marry him without the blessing of his parents, saying that then the young man would not be happy. Grinev was also angry with Savelich for interfering in the duel and reporting it to his father. The man was offended and said that he ran to Peter in order to shield Shvabrin from the sword, but old age prevented him, and he did not have time, and did not report to his father. Savelich showed the ward a letter from Grinev Sr., where he cursed because the servant did not report the duel. After that, Peter realized that he was mistaken and began to suspect Shvabrin of the denunciation. It was beneficial for him that Grinev was transferred from the Belogorsk fortress.

Chapter 6: PUGACHEVSHCHINA

At the end of 1773, Captain Mironov received a message about the Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev (here is his e), who pretended to be the late Emperor Peter III. The criminal gathered a gang and defeated several fortresses. There was a possibility of an attack on Belogorskaya, so its inhabitants immediately began to prepare: to clean the cannon. After some time, they seized a Bashkir with outrageous sheets that foreshadowed an imminent attack. It was not possible to torture him, because his tongue was torn out.

When the robbers took the Lower Lake Fortress, capturing all the soldiers and hanging the officers, it became clear that the enemies would soon arrive at Mironov. For the sake of safety, Masha's parents decided to send her to Orenburg. Vasilisa Yegorovna refused to leave her husband. Peter said goodbye to his beloved, saying that his last prayer would be for her.

Chapter 7: ATTACK

In the morning the Belogorsk fortress was surrounded. Several traitors joined Pugachev, and Marya Mironova did not have time to leave for Orenburg. The father said goodbye to his daughter, blessing for marriage with the person who would be worthy. After the capture of the fortress, Pugachev hanged the commandant and, under the guise of Peter III, began to demand an oath. Those who refused met the same fate.

Peter saw Shvabrin among the traitors. Alexei said something to Pugachev, and he decided to hang Grinev without an offer to take the oath. When a noose was put on the young man's neck, Savelich persuaded the robber to change his mind - a ransom could be obtained from the master's child. The mentor offered to hang himself instead of Peter. Pugachev spared both. Vasilisa Yegorovna, seeing her husband in a noose, raised a cry, and they also killed her, hitting her head with a saber.

Chapter 8: UNINVITED GUEST

Pugachev and his comrades-in-arms celebrated the capture of another fortress. Maria Ivanovna survived. Popadya Akulina Pamfilovna hid her at home and passed her off as her niece. The pretender believed. Upon learning this, Peter calmed down a bit. Savelyich told him that Pugachev was the drunkard they had met on the way to their duty station. Grinev was saved by the fact that he then gave the robber his hare sheepskin coat. Peter was immersed in thoughts: duty demanded to go to a new place of service, where he could be useful to the Fatherland, but love tied him to the Belogorsk fortress.

Later, Pugachev summoned Peter to his place and once again offered to enter his service. Grinev refused, saying that he swore allegiance to Catherine II and could not take his words back. The impostor liked the honesty and courage of the young man, and he let him go on all four sides.

Chapter 9: SEPARATION

In the morning Pyotr Grinev woke up to the beat of drums and went out to the square. Cossacks gathered near the gallows. Pugachev released Peter to Orenburg and told him to warn of an imminent attack on the city. Aleksey Shvabrin was appointed the new head of the fortress. Grinev was horrified when he heard this, because Marya Ivanovna was now in danger. Savelich took it into his head to make a claim to Pugachev and demand compensation for the damage. The impostor was extremely indignant, but did not punish.

Before leaving, Peter went to say goodbye to Marya Ivanovna. From the stress she suffered, she developed a fever, and the girl lay delirious, not recognizing the young man. Grinev was worried about her and decided that the only way he could help was to reach Orenburg as soon as possible and help liberate the fortress. When Peter and Savelich were walking along the road to the city, a Cossack caught up with them. He was on a horse and held the other in the reins. The man said that Pugachev favors Grinev with a horse, a fur coat from his shoulder and an arshin of money, but he lost the last one along the way. The young man accepted the gifts, and advised the man to find the lost funds and take them for vodka.

Chapter 10: THE SIEGE OF THE CITY

Pyotr Grinev arrived in Orenburg and reported to the general the military situation. A council was immediately called, but everyone except the young man was in favor of not advancing, but waiting for an attack. The general agreed with Grinev, but stated that he could not risk the people entrusted to him. Then Peter stayed to wait in the city, occasionally making sorties behind the walls against Pugachev's people. The robbers were much better armed than the warriors of legitimate power.

During one of the sorties, Grinev met a constable Maksimych from the Belogorsk fortress. He gave the young man a letter from Marya Mironova, who reported that Alexei Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him, otherwise he would give Pugachev the secret that she was the captain's daughter, and not Akulina Pamfilovna's niece. Grinev was horrified by Marya's words and immediately went to the general with a second request to speak to the Belogorsk fortress, but was again refused.

Chapter 11: REBELLENT SLOBODA

Unable to find help from the legitimate authorities, Pyotr Grinev left Orenburg to personally teach Aleksey Shvabrin a lesson. Savelich refused to leave the ward and went with him. On the way, the young man and the old man were caught by Pugachev's people, and they took Peter to their "father". The head of the robbers lived in a Russian hut, which was called a palace. The only difference from ordinary houses was that it was pasted over with golden paper. Pugachev constantly kept with him two advisers, whom he called enarals. One of them is the fugitive corporal Beloborodov, and the second is the exiled criminal Sokolov, nicknamed Khlopushka.

Pugachev was angry with Shvabrin when he learned that he offended the orphan. The man decided to help Peter and was even delighted to learn that Marya was his bride. The next day they went together to the Belogorsk fortress. Faithful Savelich again refused to leave the master's child.

Chapter 12: ORphan

Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, the travelers met Shvabrin. He called Marya his wife, which seriously angered Grinev, but the girl denied this. Pugachev was angry with Alexei, but pardoned, threatening to remember this offense if he allowed another one. Shvabrin looked pitiful on his knees. However, he had the courage to reveal Marya's secret. Pugachev's face darkened, but he realized that he had been deceived in order to save an innocent child, so he forgave and let the lovers go.

Pugachev left. Marya Ivanovna said goodbye to the graves of her parents, packed her things and went to Orenburg together with Peter, Palasha and Savelich. Shvabrin's face expressed gloomy anger.

Chapter 13: ARREST

The travelers stopped in a town not far from Orenburg. There Grinev met an old acquaintance Zurin, to whom he once lost a hundred rubles. The man advised Peter not to marry at all, because love is a whim. Grinev did not agree with Zurin, but he understood that he should serve the empress, so he sent Marya to his parents as a bride, accompanied by Savelich, and he himself decided to stay in the army.

After saying goodbye to the girl, Peter had fun with Zurin, and then they went on a campaign. At the sight of the troops of the legitimate authority, the rebellious villages came into obedience. Soon, under the fortress of Tatishchev, Prince Golitsyn defeated Pugachev and liberated Orenburg, but the impostor gathered a new gang, took Kazan and marched on Moscow. Still, after a while, Pugachev was caught. War is over. Pyotr got a vacation and was going to go home to his family and Marya. However, on the day of departure, Zurin received a letter with an order to detain Grinev and send him with a guard to Kazan to the commission of inquiry in the Pugachev case. I had to obey.

Chapter 14: JUDGMENT

Pyotr Grinev was sure that he would not face serious punishment, and decided to tell everything as it is. However, the young man did not mention the name of Marya Ivanovna, so as not to involve her in this vile business. The commission did not believe the young man and considered his father to be an unworthy son. During the investigation, it became known that Shvabrin was the scammer.

Andrei Petrovich Grinev was horrified at the thought that his son was a traitor. The boy's mother was upset. Only out of respect for his father, Peter was saved from execution and sentenced to exile in Siberia. Marya Ivanovna, whom the young man's parents managed to fall in love with, went to St. Petersburg. There, during a walk, she met a noble lady who, having learned that the girl was going to ask for favors from the empress, listened to the story and said that she could help. Later it turned out that it was Catherine II herself. She pardoned Pyotr Grinev. Soon the young man and Marya Mironova got married, they had children, and Pugachev nodded to the young man before hanging in the noose.

MISSED CHAPTER

This chapter is not included in the final edition. Here Grinev is called Bulanin, and Zurin is called Grinev.

Peter pursued the Pugachevites, being in the Zurin detachment. The troops ended up near the banks of the Volga and not far from the Grinev estate. Peter decided to meet his parents and Marya Ivanovna, so he went to them alone.

It turned out that the village was in revolt, and the young man's family was in captivity. When Grinev entered the barn, the peasants locked him up with them. Savelich went to report this to Zurin. Meanwhile, Shvabrin arrived in the village and ordered the barn to be set on fire. Peter's father wounded Alexei, and the family was able to get out of the burning barn. At that moment, Zurin arrived and saved them from Shvabrin, the Pugachevites and the rebellious peasants. Alexei was sent to Kazan for trial, the peasants were pardoned, and Grinev Jr. went to suppress the remnants of the rebellion.

Interesting? Save it on your wall!

Pushkin A.S. the story "The Captain's Daughter": Summary.

The narration is conducted from the first person of the protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, in the form of family notes.

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard.

In this chapter, Pushkin introduces the reader to Pyotr Grinev. There were 9 children in his family. However, they all died as babies, and only Peter survived. Peter's father once served, but has now retired. Peter was recorded before his birth in the Semenovsky regiment. While the boy was growing up, he was listed in his regiment as being on leave. The boy had an uncle Savelich, who was engaged in his upbringing. He taught the boy Russian literacy and writing, gave knowledge about greyhounds. After a certain time, a Frenchman is sent to Peter as a teacher. The Frenchman's name was Beaupré. His duties included teaching the boy French and German, as well as educating him in other sciences. However, the Frenchman was more concerned with booze and girls. When Peter's father noticed the Frenchman's negligence, he kicked him out. At the age of 17, his father sent Peter to serve in Orenburg, although the young man hoped to serve in St. Petersburg. At the moment of instructions before leaving, the father told his son that you need to take care of " dress again, and honor from a young age"(Author's note: Subsequently, these words from the work Pushkin « Captain's daughter"became a catchphrase). Peter left his native place. In Simbirsk, the young man visited a tavern and met Captain Zurin there. Zurin taught Peter to play billiards, and then got him drunk and won 100 rubles from Peter. Pushkin wrote that Peter behaved like a boy who broke free". In the morning, despite Savelich's active resistance, Grinev pays back the lost money and leaves Simbirsk.

Chapter 2

Grinev understood that he had done wrong when he arrived in Simbirsk. Therefore, he asked for forgiveness from Savelich. During a storm the travelers lost their way. But then they noticed a man, " sharpness and subtlety of flair” were noticed by Peter and delighted. Grinev asked this man to accompany them to the nearest house ready to receive them. On the way, Grinev had a strange dream in which he returned to his estate and found his father dying. Peter asked his father for a blessing, but suddenly instead of him he saw a man with a black beard. Petya's mother tried to explain who this person was. According to her, it was allegedly his imprisoned father. Here the peasant suddenly jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax and began to swing it. The room filled with the dead. The man smiled at the young man and called for his blessing. Here the dream ended. Arriving at the place, Grinev took a closer look at the man who agreed to see them off. This is how Pushkin described the counselor: He was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. There was gray in his black beard, and his big, lively eyes kept running. His face had an expression rather pleasant, but roguish. His hair was cut in a circle, he was wearing a tattered coat and Tatar sharavars.". A man with a black beard, i.e. the counselor, spoke with the owner of the inn in an incomprehensible, allegorical language for Peter: “ He flew into the garden, pecked hemp; grandmother threw a stone, but by". Grinev decided to treat the counselor with wine and presented him with a hare coat before parting, which again aroused Savelich's indignation. In Orenburg, a friend of his father, Andrei Karlovich R. sent Peter to serve in the Belgorsk fortress, which was located 40 miles from Orenburg.

Chapter 3. Fortress.

Grinev arrived at the fortress and found it looking like a small village. Vasilisa Egorovna, the wife of the commandant of the fortress, ran everything in it. Peter met a young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Shvabrin told Grinev about the inhabitants of the fortress, about the routine in it, and in general about life in these places. He also expressed his opinion about the family of the commandant of the fortress and extremely unflattering about his daughter Mironova Masha. Grinev found Shvabrin not a very attractive young man. He was " short, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively". Grinev learned that Shvabrin ended up in the fortress because of a duel. Shvabrin and Grinev were invited to dinner at the house of commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. The young people accepted the invitation. On the street, Grinev saw how military exercises were taking place. The commandant himself commanded a platoon of disabled people. He was " in a cap and Chinese robe«.

Chapter 4

Grinev increasingly began to visit the commandant's family. He liked this family. And I liked Masha. He dedicated love poems to her. Peter became an officer. At the beginning, he was happy to communicate with Shvabrin. But his caustic remarks about his girlfriend began to annoy Grinev. When Peter showed his poems to Alexei and Shvabrin sharply criticized them, and then also allowed himself to offend Masha, Grinev called Shvabrin a liar and received a challenge from Shvabrin to a duel. Having learned about the duel, Vasilisa Egorovna ordered the arrest of young officers. The girl Palashka took their swords from them. And later, Masha told Peter that Shvvabrin once wooed her, but she refused him. That is why Shvabrin hated the girl and threw endless barbs at her. Some time later, the duel resumed. Grinev was wounded in it.

Chapter 5

Savelich and Masha began to look after the wounded. At that moment, Grinev decided to confess his feelings to Mashenka and propose to her. Masha agreed. Then Grinev sent a letter to his father asking him to bless him for marriage with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The answer came. And from it it turned out that the father refuses his son. Moreover, he somehow learned about the duel. Savelich did not report the duel to Grinev Sr. Therefore, Peter decided that this was the work of Shvabrin. Meanwhile, Shvabrin came to visit Peter and asked his forgiveness. He said that he was to blame before Peter for everything that had happened. However, Masha does not want to get married without the blessing of her father, and therefore she began to avoid Grinev. Grinev also stopped visiting the commandant's house. He lost heart.

Chapter 6

The commandant received a letter from the general, in which it was reported that the escaped Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev was gathering a villainous gang and therefore it was necessary to strengthen the fortress. It was immediately reported that Pugachev had already managed to plunder several fortresses and hang the officers. Ivan Kuzmich gathered a military council and asked everyone to keep this news secret. But Ivan Ignatievich accidentally spilled the beans to Vasilisa Egorovna, and as a result, rumors about Pugachev spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev sent spies into the villages of the Cossacks with leaflets in which he threatened to eat those who did not recognize him as sovereign and would not join his gang. And from the officers he demanded the surrender of the fortress without a fight. I managed to catch one of these scouts, a mutilated Bashkir. The poor prisoner had no nose, tongue and ears. It was clear from everything that it was not the first time he had rebelled and that he was familiar with torture. Ivan Kuzmich, at the suggestion of Grinev, decided in the morning to send Masha from the fortress to Orenburg. Grinev and Masha said goodbye. Mironov wanted his wife to leave the fortress, but Vasilisa Yegorovna firmly decided to stay with her husband.

Chapter 7

Masha did not have time to leave the fortress. Under cover of night, the Cossacks left the Belogorsk fortress to go over to the side of Pugachev. A few soldiers remained in the fortress, who were unable to resist the robbers. They defended themselves as best they could, but in vain. Pugachev captured the fortress. Many immediately swore allegiance to the robber, who proclaimed himself king. He executed commandant Mironov Ivan Kuzmich and Ivan Ignatievich. The next to be executed was Grinev, but Savelich threw himself at Pugachev's feet and begged to be left alive. Savelich even promised a ransom for the young master's life. Pugachev agreed to such conditions and demanded that Grinev kiss his hand. Grinev refused. But Pugachev still pardoned Peter. The surviving soldiers and residents of the fortress went over to the side of the robbers and for 3 hours kissed the hand of the newly-made sovereign Pugachev, who was sitting in an armchair on the porch of the commandant's house. Robbers robbed everywhere, pulling out various goods from chests and cabinets: fabrics, dishes, fluff, etc. Vasilisa Egorovna was stripped naked and taken to the public in this form, after which they were killed. Pugachev was brought up by a white horse and he left.

Chapter 8

Grinev was very worried about Masha. Did she manage to hide and what happened to her? He entered the commandant's house. Everything there was destroyed, plundered and broken. He went into Marya Ivanovna's room, where he met Broadsha who was hiding. From Broadsha he learned that Masha was in the priest's house. Then Grinev went to the priest's house. There was a drinking bout of robbers. Peter summoned a hit. Grinev learned from her that Shvabrin had sworn allegiance to Pugachev and was now resting at the same table with the robbers. Masha lies on her bed, half delirious. Popadya told Pugachev that the girl was her niece. Fortunately, Shvabrin did not betray the truth to Pugachev. Grinev returned to his apartment. There, Savelich told Peter that Pugachev was their former counselor. They came for Grinev, saying that Pugachev was demanding him. Grinev obeyed. Entering the room, Peter was struck by the fact that “ Everyone treated each other like comrades and did not show any particular preference for their leader ... Everyone boasted, offered his opinions and freely challenged Pugachev". Pugachev offered to sing a song about the gallows, and the bandits sang: “ Don't make noise, mother green oak tree...» When the guests finally dispersed, Pugachev asked Grinev to stay. A conversation arose between them, in which Pugachev invited Grinev to stay with him and serve him. Peter honestly told Pugachev that he did not consider him a sovereign and could not serve him, because. once swore allegiance to the empress. He also will not be able to fulfill the promise not to fight against Pugachev, because. it is his official duty. Pugachev was struck by Grinev's frankness and honesty. He promised to let Grinev go to Orenburg, but asked to come in the morning to say goodbye to him.

Chapter 9

Pugachev asks Grinev to visit the governor in Orenburg and tell him that in a week sovereign Pugachev will be in the city. He appointed Shvabrin as the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, since he himself had to leave. Savelich, meanwhile, compiled a list of the plundered lordly goods and submitted it to Pugachev. Pugachev, being in a generous state of mind, instead of punishment decided to give Grinev a horse and his own fur coat. In the same chapter, Pushkin writes that Masha fell seriously ill.

Chapter 10

Grinev, having arrived in Orenburg, was sent to General Andrei Karlovich. Grinev asked to give him soldiers and allow him to attack the Belgorod fortress. The general, having learned about the fate of the Mironov family and that Captain's daughter remained in the hands of the robbers, expressed sympathy, but the soldier refused to give, referring to the upcoming military council. military council, which there was not a single military man“, took place on the same evening. " All the officials talked about the unreliability of the troops, about the unfaithfulness of luck, about caution and the like. Everyone believed that it was more prudent to remain under the shelter of cannons behind a strong stone wall than to experience the happiness of weapons in an open field.". Officials saw one of the ways out in setting a high price for Pugachev's head. They believed that the robbers themselves would betray their leader, tempted by a high price. Meanwhile, Pugachev kept his word and appeared at the walls of Orenburg exactly a week later. The siege of the city began. The inhabitants suffered severely because of hunger and because of the high cost. The raids of the robbers were periodic. Grinev was bored and often rode the horse Pugachev had given him. Once he ran into a Cossack, who turned out to be a constable of the Belogorsk fortress Maksimych. He gave a letter to Grinev from Masha, in which it was reported that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him.

Chapter 11

To save Masha, Grinev and Savelich went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, they fell into the hands of robbers. They were taken to Pugachev. Pugachev asked where Grinev was going and for what purpose. Grinev honestly told Pugachev about his intentions. They say he would like to protect the orphaned girl from the claims of Shvabrin. The robbers offered to cut off the head of both Grinev and Shvabrin. But Pugachev decided everything in his own way. He promised Grinev to arrange his fate with Masha. In the morning Pugachev and Grinev rode in the same wagon to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, Pugachev shared with Grinev his desire to go to Moscow: “ ... my street is cramped; I have little will. My guys are smart. They are thieves. I must keep my ears open; at the first failure, they will redeem their neck with my head". Even on the way, Pugachev managed to tell a Kalmyk fairy tale about a raven that lived for 300 years, but ate carrion and about an eagle that prefers hunger to carrion: “ it's better to drink living blood«.

Chapter 12

Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev learned that Shvabrin mocked Masha and starved her. Then Puchev wished on behalf of the sovereign to marry Grinev and Masha immediately. Then Shvabrin told Pugachev that Masha was not the niece of the priest, but the daughter of Captain Mironov. But Pugachev turned out to be a generous person: “ to execute, so to execute, to favor, so to favor and released Masha and Grinev.

Chapter 13

Pugachev handed Peter a pass. Therefore, lovers could freely pass all the outposts. But once the outpost of the imperial soldiers was mistaken for Pugachev's and this was the reason for the arrest of Grinev. The soldiers took Peter to their chief, whom Grinev recognized as Zurin. Peter told his story to an old friend and he believed Grinev. Zurin offered to postpone the wedding and send Masha, accompanied by Savelich, to her parents, and Grinev himself to remain in the service, as required by the officer's duty. Grinev heeded Zurin's proposal. Pugachev was eventually defeated, but not caught. The leader managed to escape to Siberia and collect a new gang. Pugachev was searched everywhere. In the end, he was still caught. But then Zurin received an order to arrest Grinev and send him to the Investigative Commission on the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14

Grinev was arrested because of Shvabrin's denunciation. Shvabrin claimed that Pyotr Grinev served Pugachev. Grinev was afraid to involve Masha in this story. He did not want her to be tortured by interrogations. Therefore, Grinev could not justify himself. The Empress replaced the death penalty with exile in Siberia only thanks to the merits of Father Peter. The father was devastated by what had happened. It was a shame for the Grinev family. Masha went to Petersburg in order to talk with the Empress. It so happened that once Masha was walking early in the morning in the garden. While walking, she met an unfamiliar woman. They started talking. The woman asked Masha to introduce herself, and she replied that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov. The woman immediately became very interested in Masha and asked Masha to tell for what purpose she arrived in St. Petersburg. Masha said that she had come to the empress to ask for mercy for Grinev, because he could not justify himself at the trial because of her. The woman said that she visits the court and promises to help Masha. She received a letter from Masha addressed to the Empress and asked where Masha was staying. Masha answered. On this they parted. Before Masha had time to drink tea after a walk, a palace carriage drove into the courtyard. The messenger asked Masha to immediately go to the palace, because. the empress demands it. In the palace, Masha recognized her morning companion in the empress. Grinev was pardoned, Masha was given a fortune. Masha and Peter Grinev got married. Grinev was present during the execution of Yemelyan Pugachev. " He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people«

Takovo summary by chapter Pushkin's stories Captain's daughter«

Good luck on the exams and fives for essays!