Ratchet musical instrument. Master class “Musical instrument “Ratchet”

16.05.2019

Plan:

1 Design
2 Execution
3 History

Introduction

Ratchet- a folk musical instrument, idiophone, replacing clapping.

1. Design

Ratchets consist of a set of 18 - 20 thin planks (usually oak) 16 - 18 cm long. They are connected to each other with a thick rope threaded through the holes in the upper part of the planks. To separate the planks, small wooden plates approximately 2 cm wide are inserted between them at the top.

There is another ratchet design - a rectangular box with a wooden gear placed inside, attached to a small handle. A slot is made in one of the walls of this box, in the hole of which a thin elastic wooden or metal plate is fixedly fixed.

2. Execution

The ratchet is held by the rope with both hands, sharp or smooth movements allow you to make different sounds. In this case, the hands are at the level of the chest, head, and sometimes rise to attract attention with their appearance.

3. History

At archaeological excavations In Novgorod in 1992, two tablets were found, which, according to V.I. Povetkin, were part of a set of ancient Novgorod rattles in the 12th century.

Ratchets have been used in wedding ceremony when performing majestic songs with dancing. The choral performance of a great song is often accompanied by the playing of an entire ensemble, sometimes numbering more than ten people. During a wedding, the rattles are decorated with ribbons, flowers, and sometimes bells.

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/12/11 15:34:25
Similar abstracts: Di (musical instrument), Oud (musical instrument), Ipu (musical instrument), Tar (musical instrument), Lad (musical instrument), Horn (musical instrument),

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Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 3"

Yaiva village, Alexandrovsky district, Perm region

in music

« Musical instrument –

ratchet"

Completed by: 4th grade student

Yudin Maxim

2010 academic year year

Target: creation of a musical instrument - rattle

Tasks:

Learn about the history of the musical instrument – the rattle.
Select an option for making a ratchet.
Make a musical instrument.

The history of a musical instrument - the rattle.

The history of the emergence of Russian musical folk instruments goes back to the distant past. Frescoes of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, iconographic materials, miniatures of handwritten books, popular prints testify to the diversity of the musical instruments of our ancestors.

Ancient musical instruments discovered by archaeologists are genuine material evidence of their existence in Rus'. In the recent past everyday life The Russian people were unthinkable without musical instruments. Almost all of our ancestors owned the secrets of making simple sound instruments and passed them on from generation to generation. Introduction to the secrets of craftsmanship was instilled from childhood, in games, in work feasible for children's hands. By watching their elders work, teenagers acquired their first skills in creating the simplest musical instruments.

Time passed. The spiritual connections of generations were gradually broken, their continuity was interrupted. With the disappearance of folk musical instruments that were once ubiquitous in Russia, mass participation in the national musical culture was also lost.

Nowadays, unfortunately, there are not many craftsmen left who have preserved the traditions of creating the simplest musical instruments. In addition, they create their masterpieces only according to individual orders. The production of tools on an industrial basis involves considerable financial costs, hence their high cost. Not everyone can afford to buy a musical instrument today.

That's why I decided to try to make one of the percussion musical instruments - the rattle.

"Here's a rattle!" - they say about overly talkative people, but not everyone knows what exactly is hidden under this name. But the rattle is a musical instrument that has been known for a long time. Rattles, as a self-sounding musical instrument, were widely used in wedding ceremonies during dance. This is a native Russian musical instrument, which is a series of wooden dies strung on a leather strap.

Dry wooden plates are separated from each other by small strips at the base, due to this a rather specific, but pleasant sound, reminiscent of a crackling sound, is formed. The ratchet must be made from completely dry wood, preferably oak - this is what ensures musical properties tool.

In order to extract sound, you should hold the strap correctly and shake the ratchet with different inclination and force. When playing, the ratchet needs to be stretched like an accordion, and then squeezed with force. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to extract even a very large number of sounds and rhythms.
A ratchet can consist of 14 or more wooden planks. The simplicity of the design is what made them so popular in ancient times. However, at present the rattle is successfully used as one of the main instruments in folk instrumental ensembles, along with the accordion, wooden spoons and harp. In addition, the ratchet performs an important developmental function - it is much easier for young children to explore this world through the loud, ringing sounds of the ratchet.

A ratchet can also be an excellent gift. Anyone, even a beginner, will find it easy to make sounds from a ratchet, which can be great entertainment in your spare time.

Variety of ratchets.

Kursk ratchets - consist of 14 plates measuring 15x7 cm. The difference is that the lower edge of each plate has rounded corners.

In some types of ratchets, the outer plates are slightly longer than in conventional types. They have handles made from the plates themselves. Sometimes the handles are glued to the outside of them.

Sometimes the plate and spacer are made from a whole board, on which they form a single unit, as shown in the figure. Dimensions - length 180 mm, width 50 mm, protrusions on the plate 3 mm on each side, plate 6 mm, holes on the plate 3 mm.

AND Sometimes several plates are attached to the handle of the ratchet. The handle itself is attached to one of the outer plates, and the remaining plates, along with spacers, are tied to it with a cord or nylon fishing line.

Examples of playing the rattle:

"Staccato" technique - the instrument is held at chest level. The thumbs of the player's right and left hands are threaded from above into the loops of the plates. The remaining four fingers of both hands vigorously strike the outer plates with greater or less force. The blows are made alternately with the fingers of either the right or left hand, or simultaneously.
Reception "fraction" - the tool is held by the plate on each side. To extract sound, raise sharply right hand and lower the left one, and vice versa, raise the left one and lower the right one.
Another variant - the instrument is held with the ends of the plates above the head, making alternating movements with the right and left hands. By alternating rapid movements of both hands on the rattle, you can reproduce complex rhythmic patterns in fast pace. The skill of execution depends on creative imagination performer

Stages of making my ratchet:

Consideration of various ratchet options.
Selection of material, in this case – wooden slats.
Sawing the slats into equal parts (plates).
Sanding each plate to obtain a smooth shape.
Using the plastic core from a spool of thread to make interspatial bridges between the plates.
Drilling holes in the plates.
Coloring of plates.
Connecting parts to a cord.

Working hours: 4 hours

Materials: wooden strip, plastic core from the reel, cord.

Assistants: uncle and mother.

Positive and negative sides my work:

Use of Internet resources:

http://spacenation.info/treschotka.html ratchet playing techniques
http://www.samoffar.ru/tre.shtml"Walk Soul" website
http://eomi.ws/percussion/rattle/ History of the ratchet
http://spacenation.info/ Website Russian folk musical instruments

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The use of rattles in wedding ceremonies suggests that in the past, in addition to being a musical instrument, this instrument also performed a mystical function of protecting young people from evil spirits. In a number of villages, not only the tradition of playing is still alive, but also the tradition of making rattles.

The simplicity of the design made ratchets very popular in ancient times. However, at present, the rattle is successfully used as one of the main instruments in folk instrumental ensembles, along with accordion, wooden and gusli.

In addition, the ratchet performs an important developmental function - it is much easier for young children to explore this world through the loud, ringing sounds of the rattle. A ratchet can also be an excellent gift. Anyone, even a beginner, will find it easy to make sounds from a ratchet, which can be great entertainment in your spare time.

Video: Ratchet on video + sound

A video with this tool will appear in the encyclopedia very soon!

Sale: where to buy/order?

The encyclopedia does not yet contain information about where you can buy or order this instrument. You can change this!

The catalog of the musical instrument store “Four Quarters” presents a large assortment of wooden ratchets and other noise instruments at affordable prices. Recommendations and advice from our store consultants will help you choose and buy a ratchet.

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An original instrument for producing sharp and loud sounds, the ratchet is an integral element of the ensemble. folk art, and is also used in musical compositions to achieve the required sound effect. In addition to the unusual sound, this instrument has a rather exotic appearance, being an original decoration for the performance of a concert band.

The Four Quarters store offers several types of ratchets:

in the form of a set of wooden plates connected by a strong nylon cord;
in the form of a gear wheel on the handle, around which an elastic wooden plate rotates.

A plate ratchet is made from dry hardwood (mainly oak, beech, maple or rosewood) and is often a custom musical instrument with its own sound and noise characteristics. Additional painting in the form of folk, plant or geometric ornament emphasizes its originality and originality.

Despite the apparent simplicity of the design, the ratchet is capable of producing quite a variety of sounds, enhancing and complementing the sound of a musical work.

Ratchet selection

Depending on the type, material of manufacture and method of its processing, as well as the manufacturer, ratchets differ significantly from each other both in size and design, and in the nature and volume of the sound. Only by comparing several models with each other can you choose the best option that satisfies the musician in all respects.

The Four Quarters store consultants will help you choose a ratchet depending on the desired nature of the sounds produced, as well as choose and buy another one at the lowest prices noise instrument for creating sound effects. We are confident that the proposed instrument will not only bring a fresh note to the performance musical works, but will also serve as that very highlight that sets your music apart from other performers.

Valentina Baboshkina

The world around us consists of sounds: loud and quiet, affectionate and alarming, harmonious and dissonant. Music is present everywhere. You just need to listen a little. Do not throw unnecessary jars of yogurt, coffee, film cases, boxes, beads, markers and much more. Next we will see which of these items you can continue your life musical life.

And now, I want to show you what musical toys made from waste material.

Bells - from yogurt packages,

impact covers,

"noisemakers"- from plastic bottles, maracas - from blue bottles,

slingshots made from bottle caps

and others.

Receiving the joy of creativity from making musical instruments, you can extend it while playing music. Develop a willingness to learn to play more "complicated" musical instruments. Rattles and rattles made from yoghurt boxes, wooden rulers, beads, drums from tin cans, bells from flower pots and other original ones tools, while entertaining children, they create in the child a desire to work, engage music, create and compose, play unusual instruments.

Therefore, in the process of creation musical instruments, it’s good if the child shows initiative and encouragement to take initiative when he wants to do, create and create. The child acquires labor, design and invention skills during musical activities develops its musical abilities . A need is formed in gaming activities to transfer one’s knowledge, skills, and experience to peers. In the end, I would like to say that when playing on such instruments the child develops comprehensively. And what else could be more important? Such musical instruments will become for your children good helpers and guides to the country music.

And before we proceed directly to making musical instruments, I want to talk about the ratchet. I made This is the kind of ratchet that I want to teach you today, how to make one like this musical instrument.

And now brushes, brushes

They cracked like rattles

And let's rub me

Sentence….

Musical director: Where do you think these words come from?

Teachers: These lines, of course with "Moidodyra" Chukovsky.

Musical director: Right. And we are talking about ratchets there. Who can tell me what a ratchet is?

Teacher: This is Russian, folk tool, for noise accompaniment.

Musical director: Right. Ratchets - old Russian folk drum tool with a characteristic crackling sound. It is also sometimes called codfish. The ratchet consists of plates (from 10 to 25, separated by small wooden strips, which are strung on a cord or strap. Thumbs and forefingers are threaded into the loops at the ends of the straps, on which the rattle is held suspended. Buffoons played on rattles. Used for rhythmic accompaniment of ritual songs. Rattles are used in working with older children. preschool age in a noise orchestra, spoon ensemble, and are also used when playing along with Russians folk songs. They play with pleasure and emotion, because they like to beat out the rhythm.

For manufacturing ratchets we need next material: Sequencing (technology manufacturing) :

1. Assembly tool:

I sanded the shingles with sandpaper in advance.

A simple pencil and ruler.

Measure exactly 20 cm - this will be the length of our bar.

Secateurs.

Take pruning shears and cut off the bar. The edges need to be sanded with sandpaper. So that they are even.

Awl. simple pencil, ruler.

Take a ruler and a simple pencil and measure exactly 3 cm from the top of the 2 points. Use an awl to pierce these 2 points. The plank is ready.

Brush, gouache, varnish.

After that, take a brush and gouache, paint the planks in different colors. After the planks are painted, you need to varnish them.

When all the necessary parts are ready, we are left with the final stage - assembling the ratchet. For this we need to:

Fishing line, strap, beads.

Take the bar and fishing line and thread 6 thumb beads into one hole. We pass it through the second hole, we have a loop for our fingers. Now you need to thread 2 beads - onto one and the other fishing line. We will now alternate beads with strips different color. There are 10 strips in total.

And we got such a beautiful, elegant ratchet.