Permanent exhibition Tretyakov Gallery art of the 20th century. Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val

From the exhibition of which we went to get acquainted with the permanent exhibition of the gallery, we simply ran through the first few rooms with works of primitivist artists of the early 20th century... Maybe in vain, but after Korovin the sincere primitivism of Natalia Goncharova and Niko Pirosmani looks somehow strange. In general, we only stopped at the paintings of the founders of the art society “Jack of Diamonds” Pyotr Konchalovsky and Ilya Mashkov. And even then - not in their favorite portraits and still lifes, but in landscapes that evoke associations with the paintings of Paul Cezanne. It is no coincidence that in the years of their maturity, critics dubbed the Jack of Diamonds “Russian Cézannenists.” There is a pleasant example of creative progress - from primitiveness and rebellion to full-fledged painting...

Ilya Mashkov, “Italy. Do not lie. Landscape with an aqueduct", 1913

Ilya Mashkov, “Lake Geneva. Glion", 1914

Pyotr Konchalovsky “Siena. Piazza della Signoria", 1912

But other members of the “Jack of Diamonds” - A. Lentulov, R. Falk, V. Rozhdestvensky - came under the influence of French Cubism. Since Lena and I are not fans this direction, then walked through these halls somewhat confused, although it is believed that “cubism played an extremely important role in the self-determination of Russian painting at the beginning of the 20th century, it influenced the formation of the Russian avant-garde and gave impetus to new artistic movements. Cubism rebuilds nature, destroying organic (“random”) form and creating a new, more perfect one.” He, in the words of Malevich, changed “the worldview of the painter and the laws of painting.”

Here we logically approach the famous “Black Square”. For: “Russian art, having passed beyond short term all stages of the evolution of French Cubism and having learned the lessons of the latest French painting, soon significantly surpassed her in the radicality of her artistic conclusions. The main conclusions from Cubism on Russian soil were Suprematism and Constructivism. The work of K. Malevich and V. Tatlin, two central figures of the Russian avant-garde who determined the path of its development, took shape under the deep influence of the cubist concept.”
“In 1915, Malevich’s creation of the Black Square was the beginning of Suprematism, one of the most radical movements of the avant-garde. The “Black Square” was a sign of a new system of art, it did not depict anything, it was free from any connection with the earthly, objective world, representing “zero forms”, behind which there is absolute pointlessness. Suprematism completely freed painting from its pictorial function.”
It is difficult to comment on history, the essence of development is that everything has its place and its time. But “non-objectivity” and painting devoid of a “pictorial function” for some reason do not touch the inner strings of our souls that are drawn to beauty... And Malevich himself, years later, returned to less radical painting...

Kazimir Malevich "Black Square", 1915

But how nice it is after several halls of Suprematism to see bright colors and the magnificent forms of Kustodiev, Kandinsky and our beloved Bogaevsky! Finally, a real holiday of painting!

Boris Kustodiev “Sailor and Sweetheart”, 1921

Nikolai Kulbin “Sunbath”, 1916

Wassily Kandinsky "The Horseman George the Victorious", 1915

Konstantin Bogaevsky “Memory of Mantegna”, 1910

Konstantin Bogaevsky “Landscape with trees”, 1927

After this we find ourselves in the huge hall of the most luxurious Alexander Deineka - it’s a pity that last year we could not get to retrospective exhibition his works in the same Tretyakov Gallery, but we ended up at a modest exhibition of his and Nyssky’s graphics at the Sevastopol Art Museum...

Alexander Deineka “Goalkeeper”, 1934

Alexander Deineka “Street in Rome”, 1935

Alexander Deineka “Mother”, 1932

Peter Williams “Motor rally”, 1930

Yuri Pimenov “New Moscow”, 1937

Nikolai Zagrekov “Girl with a crossbar”, 1929

Georgy Nissky “Autumn. Semaphores", 1932

Konstantin Istomin “Vuzovki”, 1933

Konstantin Istomin “At the Window”, 1928

In the next room there was an exhibition “The Joy of Work and the Happiness of Life” - a kind of colorful pill against the backdrop of rather creepy paintings from the Stalin era. Only a few pictures remained in my memory - I wanted to forget the rest immediately after viewing...

Georgy Rublev “Portrait of I.V. Stalin”, 1935

“In terms of its accusatory power,” writes art critic E. Gromov, “this portrait of Stalin is comparable only to O. Mandelstam’s poem (“We live without feeling the country beneath us...”). The artist Rublev, completely forgotten at one time, did not intend this portrait to be satirical. But I realized that he could end up in the Gulag. Rublev's Stalin does not have the “wide chest of an Ossetian.” He has a kind of untwisted, snake-like figure, in which something devilish seems to be present; he is also terrible, insidious, and evil. The artist was then keen on Pirosmani, in whose manner he painted this portrait. I wrote it and got scared: it turned out to be a grotesque picture.” The portrait was found in Rublev's old canvases after his death.

Robert Falk "Memory", 1930

Kazimir Malevich "Sisters", 1930

Alexander Drevin "Gazelle", 1931

Alexander Laktionov “Letter from the front”, 1947

And so we slowly reached socialist realism with huge paintings of congresses and speeches of Comrade Stalin. And I even wanted to save something from this “celebration of life” as a souvenir in my camera, but a very fierce caretaker found herself in these halls - there is no ticket for photography, don’t take it! And you won’t explain to her that the museum is violating our constitutional “right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information in any lawful way,” and that the sale of “photographing rights” by museums is completely illegal. In fact, the museum first illegally restricts the rights of visitors to collect information, and then removes this restriction for a fee. However, this is just an offensive lyric - we just didn’t know that photography was paid and didn’t buy a ticket, and we didn’t see the point in returning... And in fact, by that moment the art of the 20th century had already tired us out, and the view from the window was invitingly inviting next museum. But first it was necessary to go through the labyrinth to the end... And this spectacle is not for the faint of heart - the halls are very contemporary art seemed to us a concentration of gloomy horror, some very dark energy, hopelessness. In general, we ran through them quite quickly - we wanted air, and...! We looked at his exhibition again so as not to leave this Tretyakov building with a heavy heart. This is real art - bright and life-affirming! Having cheered up, we went further to get our fill of culture - to the old building, we wanted, you know, Vrubel, Levitan, ...

Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val, May 18, 2013, 10:00–0:00 - visit permanent exhibition and exhibitions (for example, Boris Orlov and Mikhail Nesterov) are free all day, with special excitement expected in the lobby. There will be a souvenir shop where they will sell bags and notebooks with drawings by artists of the 20th century, a library where you can look through catalogs and art magazines, and a zone children's creativity. Nearby, the artist Proteus Temen will install the installation “Balls”. The kitchen of the Delicatessen restaurant will be located in the courtyard of the museum, and music will play there from 19.00 to 0.00: Nikita Zeltser on the piano and DJ Taras 3000.

Days of free visits to the museum

Every Wednesday, admission to the permanent exhibition “Art of the 20th Century” and temporary exhibitions in (Krymsky Val, 10) is free for visitors without a tour (except for the exhibition “Ilya Repin” and the project “Avant-garde in three dimensions: Goncharova and Malevich”).

Right free visit exhibitions in the main building in Lavrushinsky Lane, the Engineering Building, the New Tretyakov Gallery, the house-museum of V.M. Vasnetsov, museum-apartment of A.M. Vasnetsov is provided on the following days for certain categories of citizens:

First and second Sunday of every month:

for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of study (including foreign citizens-students of Russian universities, graduate students, adjuncts, residents, assistant trainees) upon presentation of a student card (does not apply to persons presenting student cards “student-trainee” );

for students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old) (citizens of Russia and CIS countries). Students holding ISIC cards on the first and second Sunday of each month have the right to free admission to the “Art of the 20th Century” exhibition at the New Tretyakov Gallery.

every Saturday - for members large families(citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Please note that conditions for free admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the exhibition pages for more information.

Attention! At the Gallery's box office, entrance tickets are provided at a nominal value of “free” (upon presentation of the appropriate documents - for the above-mentioned visitors). In this case, all services of the Gallery, including excursion services, are paid in accordance with the established procedure.

Visit to the museum holidays

Dear visitors!

Please pay attention to the opening hours of the Tretyakov Gallery on holidays. There is a fee to visit.

Please note that entry using electronic tickets is subject to general queue. With return policy electronic tickets you can find it at .

Congratulations on the upcoming holiday and we are waiting for you in the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery!

The right to preferential visits The Gallery, except in cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery management, is provided upon presentation of documents confirming the right to preferential visits to:

• pensioners (citizens of Russia and CIS countries),
• full holders of the Order of Glory,
• students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old),
• students of higher educational institutions of Russia, as well as foreign students studying at Russian universities (except for intern students),
• members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Visitors to the above categories of citizens purchase a discounted ticket.

Free visit right The main and temporary exhibitions of the Gallery, except in cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery’s management, are provided to the following categories of citizens upon presentation of documents confirming the right of free admission:

• persons under 18 years of age;
• students of faculties specializing in the field of fine arts of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions of Russia, regardless of the form of study (as well as foreign students, students at Russian universities). The clause does not apply to persons presenting student cards of “trainee students” (if there is no information about the faculty on the student card, a certificate from educational institution with the obligatory indication of the faculty);
• veterans and disabled people of the Great Patriotic War, participants in hostilities, former minor prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of forced detention created by the fascists and their allies during the Second World War, illegally repressed and rehabilitated citizens (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• conscripts Russian Federation;
• Heroes Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, Full Knights of the “Order of Glory” (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• disabled people of groups I and II, participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• one accompanying disabled person of group I (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• one accompanying disabled child (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• artists, architects, designers - members of the relevant creative Unions of Russia and its constituent entities, art critics - members of the Association of Art Critics of Russia and its constituent entities, members and employees of the Russian Academy of Arts;
• members of the International Council of Museums (ICOM);
• employees of museums of the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the relevant Departments of Culture, employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and ministries of culture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• museum volunteers - entrance to the exhibition “Art of the 20th Century” (Krymsky Val, 10) and to the Museum-Apartment of A.M. Vasnetsova (citizens of Russia);
• guides-translators who have an accreditation card of the Association of Guides-Translators and Tour Managers of Russia, including those accompanying the group foreign tourists;
• one teacher of an educational institution and one accompanying a group of students from secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (with an excursion voucher or subscription); one teacher from an educational institution with state accreditation educational activities during the agreed training session and having a special badge (citizens of Russia and CIS countries);
• one accompanying a group of students or a group of conscripts (if they have an excursion package, subscription and during a training session) (Russian citizens).

Visitors to the above categories of citizens receive a “Free” entrance ticket.

Please note that the conditions for discounted admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the exhibition pages for more information.

Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow, Russia) - exhibitions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

• Last minute tours in Russia

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Lavrushinsky Lane in Moscow became famous only because the Russian merchant, millionaire and philanthropist Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov built a special building here for his collection of paintings. It formed the basis of one of the largest art collections in the world. The Tretyakov Gallery continues to preserve, explore and popularize Russian art, thereby forming our cultural identity.

A little history

Tretyakov acquired the first paintings of the future collection in 1856. A decade later, the gallery opened to the public, and in 1892 the owner donated it to Moscow along with the building. In the first years of the 20th century, the facade was rebuilt according to Vasnetsov’s sketch.

The Tretyakov Gallery employees have always been zealous about their duties. After the maniac cut Repin’s painting with a knife, the gallery keeper considered himself guilty of this incident and threw himself under the train.

After the revolution, the collection was nationalized, the building was completed and rebuilt many times, and the premises of the closed Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi were added to it. During the war, the paintings and statues were evacuated to Siberia, and in 1985 they were merged with the State art gallery on Krymsky Val, the main exhibition was moved there, and the main building was restored for 11 years. A new building is currently being built for the Tretyakov Gallery on Kadashevskaya Embankment.

What to see

The historic building on Lavrushinsky Lane displays more than 1,300 works by Russian artists from the 11th to the early 20th centuries. Hall ancient Russian painting decorated with Rublev’s “Trinity”, standing in a glass cabinet where a special microclimate is maintained. Ivanov’s painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People” is displayed in a separate room. On the walls there are many works by I. E. Repin, V. I. Surikov, V. A. Serov, V. V. Vereshchagin.

The Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi combines a functioning temple and showroom. Its decoration, iconostasis and utensils are part of the museum collection. The pearl of the exhibition is the 12th century icon “Our Lady of Vladimir”, a Russian shrine and a world-class work of art.

The New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val displays paintings by Russian artists of the 20th century. Everything on display artistic movements from the revolutionary avant-garde to the modern underground, the widest retrospective of works in the style socialist realism. Exhibitions of recognized artists and young talents are also organized here. There is a lecture hall and a Creative Workshop, where children and adults get acquainted with the art of the last century and discover their abilities in drawing and sculpting.

Increasingly, visitors to the New Tretyakov Gallery ask: “Where is Kazimir Malevich’s Black Square?” Artistic manifesto Suprematism is located in the 6th room next to paintings by Marc Chagall and Wassily Kandinsky. The guides will tell you about its complex symbolism and deep meaning. Interesting fact- there is not a single stroke of black paint in the picture, its color is formed by mixing different colors. X-ray scanning revealed two more images and the words “Battle of the Negroes at Night” under the top layer.

About the Tretyakov Gallery

Practical information

Address of the historical building of the Tretyakov Gallery: Lavrushinsky lane, 10 (Tretyakovskaya metro station).
Opening hours: Tuesday, Wednesday and Sunday - from 10:00 to 18:00, Thursday, Friday and Saturday - from 10:00 to 21:00. Monday is a day off. The ticket office closes an hour earlier.

Address of the New Tretyakov Gallery: Krymsky Val, 10 (Park Kultury metro station).
Opening hours: Tuesday and Wednesday - from 10:00 to 18:00, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday - from 10:00 to 21:00. Monday is a day off.

Ticket price for adults is 500 RUB, for pensioners, students, students - 250 RUB. Admission for visitors under 18 years of age is free. Audio guide rental - 350 RUB. Prices on the page are as of November 2018.

Don't forget your first visit to this museum. We decided to experience beauty and went to the House of Artists on Krymsky Val, where we visit periodically. And there is an exhibition, tickets are expensive and there is a queue for them. We stand in line, and I wonder if we can go somewhere else. And it begins to vaguely stir in my head that there seems to be something else here from another entrance. Let's check? Come on. And sure enough: around the corner, in the same building, there is another entrance. Sign: branch of the Tretyakov Gallery. Art of the 20th century. Not believing our eyes, we buy tickets, get up, enter...
Never and nowhere have I seen a collection of domestic (Russian? Russian? Soviet? who knows what to call it more correctly) of fine art in its most interesting period, even remotely similar in richness and diversity. I had no idea that such a thing even existed, but it turned out that it had been hanging for many years in the same building where I had been many times...
I’ll try to describe... no, not pictures, of course, but snippets of impressions.
First hall. Goncharova and Larionov. A riot of colors, brightness and richness.
Second hall. Konchalovsky, someone else, Cezanne is written on the wall and it’s true - it seems to me that I’m walking through an exhibition of impressionists (or maybe post-impressionists?). It seems like I’m a little girl, because I only went to see the impressionists when I was a child, and in general, only in childhood can there be such a celebration of colors, such roughness of forms, as if painted for a child.
I'm moving on. And I watch how lines and shapes gradually replace colors and content. Here are constructivist pictures. Now there are only planks and slats, squares and other colored geometric figures. Is it all over, have we arrived? No, there are still so many halls ahead...
In the next room, painting regains its colors and meaning. Here is the well-known Red Horse and the Petrograd Madonna. Petrov-Vodkin. Doesn't look good. I pass without stopping. Either what’s around me is really much more interesting, or I’m overwhelmed by the new and no longer perceive the familiar. Here is Chagall, also an acquaintance. But... also Chagall? No, Yuri Annenkov!? It turns out that he is also a painter - and what a painter... And I only recently recognized him as an amazing graphic portrait painter. But here is something incredible called "Man and Baboon". Alexander Yakovlev. But I only know the name and one portrait of the musician. And here is the recently recognized, but already beloved Boris Grigoriev. Two portraits. How good it is in the original, and not online...
Revolution. Familiar paintings by Deineka. And I understand that this is not socialist realism that has been forced into the teeth, but variations of what was in the previous halls. That those exhibited in this hall really believed in the revolution and tried to find a pictorial correspondence to it, and did not carry out the order of the party.
I move on and think with sadness that now the advanced milkmaids and the feat of the Soviet soldier will begin. And the painting continues. Here again is Konchalovsky - and the sad Meyerhold against the background of the carpet. Here is the colorful and joyful Mavrina. Here is a vaguely familiar Tyrsa. Yes, there are flashes of Ioganson’s boring to the point of gnashing of teeth Interrogation of Communists by Ioganson, the sweetly instructive Again the Deuce and Letter from the Front, and the familiar portraits by Korin, which don’t look good at all, but they don’t make the difference, it’s like fragments against the background of something else - attractive and semi-familiar, or even unfamiliar.
Here, finally, is the hall of officialdom, where Stalin looks at me from kilometer-long paintings different options, and on the TV in the corner they show fragments of the films “The Shining Path” and “ Kuban Cossacks". Yes, and it was, and you need to look at it before going further.
Next is the avant-garde. I'm fed up with the avant-garde, but... I freeze in bewilderment before the dates. This is not only the 60s, but the 50s, long before the bulldozer exhibition. No matter how I feel about the result of creativity, which for the most part carries some kind of heavy energy for me, I cannot help but bow to the nonconformism and fearlessness of this generation of artists.
Realism again. Now they are really milkmaids, builders and soldiers. But... they turn out to be alive and interesting. And why shouldn’t the artist himself paint milkmaids? If he really is an artist and not a speculator, then it’s worth watching. I stand for a long time in front of a picture of girls dancing. There are seven of them - and each has its own range of feelings on its face, they are so different and at the same time united in their shy trepidation of expectation that you want to carry away every facial expression in your memory.
End. In the last halls the avant-garde is again, but they are closed. I’m going to look for my husband, who is several halls behind. While he’s checking it out, I’m looking for somewhere to sit. In the last halls it’s already the 90s, most of the paintings are nervous and unkind. I've been looking for a long time for someone I'm willing to sit next to. In the end I end up with Geliy Korzhev. A young nervous red-haired artist paints a girl, for some reason squatting and placing the picture on the ground. Next to him is an old woman with her face covered with wrinkled hands. Occasionally I exchange glances with them, but mostly I sit, almost like that old woman, covering my face with my hands. Some lady asks sympathetically: Are you feeling bad?
No, I don’t feel bad, although my head actually hurts. I'm just trying to incorporate all the impressions into myself. last hours. And this is an almost impossible task.

That day, from the window of one of the halls (a photo in the museum is for additional money, but the views from the window do not apply) strange photo, which for me resonates with the contents of the museum. In one frame, Stalin with the wives of advanced workers, Peter the Great, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the ship "Valery Bryusov" with karaoke. And just evening Moscow. Everything in one bottle.
Since then, I have been there more than once, there was no shock impression like the first time, but new discoveries happened every time. Finally, a photo from the same point as the first, but during the day, a few years later.

• One of the largest art galleries Russia And.
• Exhibits - works Russian classical art of the 11th - early 20th centuries.
• Tretyakov Gallery consists of two buildings located at different addresses.
• The main building (Lavrushinsky Lane) displays the collection from 170,000 works- world-class masterpieces.
• Visitors can look at ancient Russian icon painting - Orthodox icons of the 11th-13th centuries, the “Trinity” Andrey Rublev(1420s), etc.
• Paintings by the most famous Russian masters, sculptures and works of decorative and applied art.
• Souvenir and book stores, cafe and restaurant "Tretyakov Brothers".

The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums Russia. Unlike another major Moscow museum - State Museum fine arts named after Pushkin with its extensive collection of foreign art, - in Tretyakov Gallery primarily Russian classical art is exhibited. Paintings, sculptures, icons and works of decorative and applied arts from the 11th to the beginning of the 20th century are presented here. Let us immediately note that the Tretyakov Gallery usually means its main building, located in Lavrushinsky Lane. And Russian painting of the twentieth century (including works by K. Malevich, M. Larionov, and others) is exhibited separately, in the building of the Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val ( Krymsky Val, no. 10). In addition, the Engineering Building of the Tretyakov Gallery, located at 12 Lavrushinsky Lane, hosts interesting temporary exhibitions.

The exhibition area of ​​the main building is more than 12 thousand square meters and is divided into 62 thematic halls. The Tretyakov Gallery's collection includes more than 170 thousand works. Masterpieces of medieval Russian icon painting are collected here, as well as paintings by I. Aivazovsky, M. Vrubel, K. Bryullov, V. Vasnetsov and dozens of other famous Russian masters. The museum exhibits world-class masterpieces, such as the “Trinity” icon by A. Rublev, the monumental paintings “The Appearance of Christ to the People” by A. Ivanov and “Boyaryna Morozova” by V. Surikov, amazing landscapes by I. Levitan and A. Kuindzhi. The museum has bookstores and souvenir shops, cafe and restaurant “Tretyakov Brothers”.

The Tretyakov Gallery building in Lavrushinsky Lane is located in one of the most beautiful historical districts of Moscow -. This is one of the few areas where the buildings of the 18th–19th centuries have been largely preserved. A few steps from the Tretyakov Gallery there are the Marfo-Mariinskaya Convent, the Church of St. Clement of the Pope and the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashevskaya Sloboda, which are unique in their architecture. In the area of ​​the beautiful pedestrian Pyatnitskaya Street - big choice cafes and restaurants for every taste.

History of the museum's creation

The opening of the museum in the second half of the 19th century was a significant event in cultural life Russia. Thanks to the initiative of one person - P. Tretyakov (1832-1898) - a museum was created national art. Peter Tretyakov was not only successful entrepreneur, but also a collector with a refined taste. He was especially interested in the work of young realist artists of his time and supported them in every possible way. Tretyakov wrote: “I don’t need rich nature, no great composition, no miracles. Give me at least a dirty puddle, so that there is truth and poetry in it; and there can be poetry in everything, this is the work of the artist.” Communicating closely with the authors, Pavel Mikhailovich acquired many works by the artists of the Partnership traveling exhibitions(I. Repin, V. Surikov, A. Savrasov, etc.), some of which became symbols of the museum. Along with the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, the Tretyakov Gallery has one of the two best collections of Russian painting in the world.

An important milestone in the history of the gallery was 1904, when a new facade was built in the neo-Russian style, designed by. Over time, this facade became " business card» museum. After the socialist revolution of 1917, the museum's collections expanded significantly due to the nationalization of private and centralization of regional collections and were constantly replenished throughout the subsequent period. In 1995, the main building of the gallery on Lavrushinsky Lane underwent a large-scale reconstruction.

Collection and masterpieces

The Tretyakov Gallery provides the visitor with an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with ancient Russian icon painting. The museum houses a collection of works of excellent size and quality. Orthodox icons. Here you can see icons dating back to the pre-Mongol period - XI-XIII centuries. Famous miraculous icon“Our Lady of Vladimir” is located in the neighboring one (Maly Tolmachevsky Lane, 9), which can be accessed directly from the gallery building. The Tretyakov Gallery houses “Trinity” by A. Rublev (1420s), works by the legendary Dionysius and Theophan the Greek. The icons of the 17th century deserve special mention; they are distinguished by an abundance of details, the finest elaboration of details, and narrative visual image. In addition to icons, in the halls with ancient Russian art you can see the mosaic “Dmitry of Thessaloniki” from St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv.

In the 18th century, secular painting began to develop in Russia. Paintings of non-church content, painted on canvas in oil, appear. The portrait genre was especially popular at that time. In the halls dedicated painting XVIII century, you can also see still life and landscape: at this time in Russia the process of forming the usual to the modern viewer hierarchy of genres. By the way, very interesting collection picturesque portraits of the 19th century are presented not far from the Tretyakov Gallery - in the Museum of V.A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time.

Most of gallery halls are reserved for exhibitions paintings of the 19th century century, which became the heyday of the Russian art school. The first half of the century is marked by the names of such masters as O. Kiprensky, A. Ivanov, K. Bryullov. The Tretyakov Gallery exhibits “The Appearance of Christ to the People,” a monumental work by Alexander Ivanov, on which he worked for 20 years. The dimensions of the canvas are 540*750 cm, and a separate room was added in 1932 especially for this painting. In the picture the moment of the coming of the Messiah appears before the viewer. The artist is interested not so much in Christ himself as in the people who saw him. The master comes up with his own story for each character in the picture and models his reaction to what is happening. Numerous sketches for the “Appearance of Christ” are also displayed in the hall, and the visitor has the opportunity to see the artist’s creative quest while working on the painting.

The Tretyakov Gallery presents the most significant painting for the history of Russian art, “Bogatyrs”. This picture with heroic images The artist Viktor Vasnetsov has been painting legendary warriors for almost twenty years. Researchers believe that the artist depicted himself in the image of Dobrynya. But Ilya Muromets is not epic hero, but real historical character XII century. He actually has military feats to his credit, and in his old age Ilya became a monk of the Kiev Pechersk Monastery.

A recognized masterpiece is “The Apotheosis of War” by Vasily Vereshchagin. The painting with the pyramid of skulls was painted in 1871, inspired by the brutal massacre in Turkestan. The artist dedicated his work to “all the great conquerors” of the past, present and future.

As already mentioned, Pavel Tretyakov was very interested in the Partnership of Mobile art exhibitions- an artistic association created in 1870. One of the teachers of the Peredvizhniki was V. Perov, whose works occupy a separate room. Then the works of V. Surikov, I. Repin, I. Kramskoy, N. Ge are exhibited. In the second half of the 19th century, Russia actively developed landscape painting. Fans of this genre can enjoy the works of A. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, I. Aivazovsky, I. Levitan and others.

One of the significant exhibits in this section is “Boyaryna Morozova” by Vasily Surikov. The giant painting represents the episode church schism in the 17th century and dedicated to the famous supporter of the old faith, Feodosia Morozova. In 1671, the noblewoman was arrested and exiled to the remote Pafnutyev-Borovsky Monastery, where she later died of hunger. The canvas depicts the scene of Morozova being transported to the place of imprisonment.

The hall of Mikhail Vrubel, one of the most brilliant Russian artists of all time, is interesting and unique. This hall is unusual in its size: it was specially built to accommodate the huge “Princess of Dreams” panel. In the same room you can see paintings artist, including famous painting“Demon (seated)”, his graphics and majolica. The painting “The Swan Princess” was painted by Vrubel in 1900 based on the work of A. S. Pushkin “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” and the opera of the same name by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. This opera was designed for stage production by Mikhail Vrubel, and the role of the Swan Princess in the performance was performed by his wife Nadezhda. Vrubel spoke about her voice like this: “Other singers sing like birds, but Nadya sings like a person.”

Next to the M. Vrubel Hall there is a staircase along which you can return to the 1st floor, where painting and sculpture of the early 20th century are displayed. In the art of those years there appears a desire to search for new forms, new solutions. The socially oriented art of the Itinerants, which insistently requires the viewer to critically comprehend social problems, is being replaced by the spontaneity and lightness of the language of the artists of the new generation. Their love for light, for life, for beauty - all this is clearly visible, for example, in the famous “Portrait of a Girl with Peaches” by V. Serov.

Finally, mention should be made of rooms 49-54, where graphics and decorative arts are exhibited. The exhibition in these halls changes regularly, so every visit you can find something new for yourself. In room 54 there is the gallery's Treasury - a collection of items made of precious metals and precious stones: icons, books, sewing, small plastic items, objects jewelry art XII–XX centuries.