Tatyana Larina grew up in the provinces, in the Russian outback. Pushkin does not say anything about her education, but given that she still knows how to read and write in French, we can assume that her education was carried out by some mademoiselle, who introduced the young lady to French novels.

The father was not very interested in what his daughter was reading, considering reading to be self-indulgence. And my mother herself was once passionate about such literature. They weren’t particularly stressed by the educational process. In such conditions, she grew on her own, in the lap of nature, like a wild flower, occasionally watered by rain and warmed by the sun's rays.

Tatyana was unsociable. She did not play with dolls and was not interested in needlework. Along with reading novels, she loved to listen to her nanny's tales, scary stories about an otherworldly force in whose existence she believed.

Tatyana believed the legends
Of common folk antiquity,
And dreams, and card fortune-telling,
And the predictions of the moon.
She was worried about signs;
All objects are mysterious to her
They proclaimed something
Premonitions pressed in my chest.

Thus, her upbringing was romantic character, far from reality. After leaving, when Tatyana visited his house for the first time, she began to come here to read. A different world opened up before the young lady. This was not only the world of the man she loved. Before her appeared a different worldview, a different view of life, more real than the one presented in her novels.

Tatyana devoted herself to reading with a greedy soul;
And a different world opened up to her.

That evening, when she came to Onegin’s estate for the second time, her mother gathered a family council to decide the issue of Tatyana’s marriage. Now she has already married a lancer, and Tatyana continues to refuse potential suitors.

The decision to go to Moscow did not interfere with continuing to visit the estate. And this reading also contributed to Tatiana’s education.

Tatiana's transformation, which happened to her within two years of her marriage, remains behind the scenes for the reader. P.A. draws attention to this omission. Katenin: “This exception [of the chapter], while it may be beneficial for readers, is, however, harmful to the plan of the whole work; for through this the transition from Tatiana, a district young lady, to Tatiana, a noble lady, becomes too unexpected and unexplained.” Pushkin himself was aware of the truth of this remark, but, nevertheless, he did not add anything to this chapter, did not write a new one that would explain such an unexpected transformation of a wild (let’s not say ugly) duckling into a swan princess. It can be assumed that having started reading other books in Onegin’s house, Tatyana continued her self-education and self-improvement after getting married. Looking at her cousins, she herself realized that she was a little different. In some ways, Tatyana tried to imitate them, and they suggested something to her: hairstyles, styles of outfits.

After getting married, she learned a lot from conversations with own husband, who was an educated and well-read man. Not everyone received an education “in something and somehow,” like Onegin. The general could not be a half-educated man. He probably told his wife what books she should read.

She acquired a sense of tact and the ability to behave by communicating with close relatives and acquaintances of the general, and by being in society. The manner of dressing discreetly and tastefully was suggested to her by her own intuition and her own taste.

Appearing with his wife in society, the prince was proud of her. And he had the right to do so, because in that Tatyana, whom people saw in front of them, there was also a share of his labor.

Pushkin is a poet whose work is extremely accessible human understanding. The clarity of images and harmony of his works have educational significance. His lyre awakens good feelings in people. No matter what he describes, no matter what he talks about, in his lines one can feel the love for people and life.

“Eugene Onegin” is one of the poet’s iconic works. The form of this work is unusual and complex. This is a novel in verse; there have been no works of this kind in Russian literature before.

“Eugene Onegin” is a source of ideas about Russian life during the Pushkin period. One of the central figures of the novel is Tatyana, the daughter of the Larins landowners.

By showing the image of Tatyana, the only integral character in the novel, Pushkin demonstrates a real phenomenon in Russian life.

"...Thoughtfulness, her friend
From the most lullabies of days
The flow of rural leisure
I decorated her with dreams..."

Tatyana lives among ordinary people who are unfamiliar with the noise and bustle big world. They are naive and sweet in their own way.

Tatyana is drawn to someone whom she has not yet met, but who would be smarter, better, kinder than those around her. She mistakes her neighbor, landowner Evgeny Onegin, for such a person. Over time, sweet Tatiana falls in love with him.

He is truly smarter than those around her, more knowledgeable and reasonable. He is capable of good deeds (he alleviated the plight of his serfs):

“Our Evgeniy first conceived
Establish a new order.
Vintage corvee yoke
Replaced it with easy quitrent, -
And the slave blessed fate..."

But Onegin is far from ideal. Tatyana has not yet recognized this. He is an idle gentleman, lazy, spoiled by life, uneducated, not knowing what to do, because he has no mental strength for a fruitful life, and an empty life gnaws at him with melancholy.

Tatyana writes a letter to him, declaring her love. But Onegin cannot cope with his egoism; he does not accept her spiritual impulses.

After Onegin leaves the village, Tatyana tends to be in his house, reading books. She learned a lot and understood a lot. Onegin is not the way she imagined him. He is a selfish, selfish person, not at all the hero to whom her tender soul was yearning.

After time has passed, Onegin meets Tatyana again in St. Petersburg. She is the wife of an old general. And then Onegin looked at her in a new way. In wealth and nobility, she seems completely different. Love flared up in his soul. This time she herself rejected him, knowing his selfishness, knowing the emptiness of his soul and not wanting to break the word she gave to her husband.

This soul, kind Tatyana, knew how to love deeply. Having parted with Onegin and realizing that he was not the hero of her novel, she still continued to love him and suffered from it. Tatyana did not become the general’s wife of her own free will, her mother “begged” her about it. She did not part with her love: in her soul she loved Onegin.

Tatiana's soul is the soul of the best Russian women, no matter how different their destinies, thoughts, deeds may be.

The genius of Pushkin lies in the fact that he invited society to take a fresh look at the fate of the Russian woman. He wrote a character hitherto unknown in Russian literature. Firmness of nature, strength, simplicity, naturalness, loyalty to one’s word, decency - these traits determined the integrity and strength of the heroine’s character. Tatiana's strong principles were unshakable throughout the entire story. She was disgusted by hypocrisy, insincerity, idle talk, everything that she called “the rags of a masquerade.”

Since childhood, Tatyana was close to the people, to folk poetry. Her soulmate is the nanny, to whom she confided her secrets. Throughout the entire story inner world Tatiana does not change. No external circumstances will force her to leave the true path, or “break her spiritual makeup.” The poet's admiration and love in the novel are given to Tatyana in full.

Conclusion

Pushkin combined two eras in himself: he had well-known features of the present and some echoes of the past, in the midst of which his own upbringing took place; on the other hand, it started completely with him new period, period of modern literature.

With his novel “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin taught everyone who wrote after him to depict the strength and suffering of a Russian woman just as simply and sincerely. Pushkin raised the importance of the Russian woman in our consciousness. He created the basis for those high ideals of women that we see in subsequent works of other authors.

In Alexander Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", of course, the main in a feminine way is Tatyana Larina. The love story of this girl was later sung by both playwrights and composers. In our article, the characterization of Tatyana Larina is constructed from the point of view of her assessment by the author and in comparison with her sister Olga. Both of these characters in the work are shown as completely opposite natures. Of course, we must not forget about love line novel. In relation to Onegin, the heroine also shows us certain sides of her character. We will analyze all these aspects further so that the characterization of Tatyana Larina is as complete as possible. First, let's get to know her sister and herself.

We can talk about the main character of the novel for a very long time and a lot. But Pushkin showed the image of her sister, Olga Larina, quite succinctly. The poet considers her virtues to be modesty, obedience, simplicity and cheerfulness. The author saw the same character traits in almost every village young lady, so he makes it clear to the reader that he is bored describing her. Olga has the banal feel of a village girl. But the author presents the image of Tatyana Larina as more mysterious and complex. If we talk about Olga, then main value for her is a cheerful, carefree life. Of course, Lensky’s love is present in her, but she does not understand his feelings. Here Pushkin is trying to show her pride, which is absent if we consider the character of Tatyana Larina. Olga, this simple-minded girl, is unfamiliar with complex spiritual work, so she took the death of her groom lightly, quickly replacing him with the “love flattery” of another man.

Comparative analysis of the image of Tatyana Larina

Against the backdrop of her sister’s rustic simplicity, Tatyana seems to us and the author to be a perfect woman. Pushkin states this quite directly, calling the heroine of his work a “sweet ideal.” a brief description of Tatiana Larina is inappropriate here. This is a multifaceted character, the girl understands the reasons for her feelings and actions, and even analyzes them. This once again proves that Tatyana and Olga Larina are absolute opposites, although they are sisters and were brought up in the same cultural environment.

Author's assessment of Tatyana's character

What kind of main character does Pushkin present to us? Tatyana is characterized by simplicity, leisurely, and thoughtfulness. The poet pays special attention to such a quality of her character as belief in mysticism. Signs, legends, changes in the phase of the moon - she notices and analyzes all this. The girl loves to tell fortunes, and also gives great importance dream Pushkin did not ignore Tatyana’s love of reading. Brought up on typical women's fashion novels, the heroine sees her love as if through a book prism, idealizing it. She loves winter with all its disadvantages: darkness, twilight, cold and snow. Pushkin also emphasizes that the heroine of the novel has a “Russian soul” - this important point in order for the characterization of Tatyana Larina to be as complete and understandable as possible for the reader.

The influence of village customs on the character of the heroine

Pay attention to the time in which the subject of our conversation lives. This is the first half of the 19th century, which means that the characteristics of Tatyana Larina are, in fact, the characteristics of Pushkin’s contemporaries. The character of the heroine is reserved and modest, and reading her description given to us by the poet, we can note that we learn practically nothing about the girl’s appearance. Thus, Pushkin makes it clear that it is not important outer beauty, but internal character traits. Tatyana is young, but looks like an adult and an established person. She did not like children's games and playing with dolls; she was attracted to mysterious stories and love suffering. After all, the heroines of your favorite novels always go through a number of difficulties and experience suffering. Tatyana Larina's image is harmonious, dim, but surprisingly sensual. Such people are often found in real life.

Tatyana Larina in a love relationship with Evgeny Onegin

How do we see the main character when it comes to love? She meets Evgeniy Onegin, already being internally ready for a relationship. She is “waiting for... someone,” Alexander Pushkin carefully points this out to us. But don’t forget where Tatyana Larina lives. Characteristics of her love relationship depends on strange village customs. This is manifested in the fact that Eugene Onegin visits the girl’s family only once, but people around are already talking about engagement and marriage. In response to these rumors, Tatyana begins to consider the main character as the object of her admiration. From this we can conclude that Tatyana’s experiences are far-fetched and artificial. She carries all her thoughts within herself, melancholy and sadness live in her loving soul.

Tatyana's famous message, its motives and consequences

And the feelings turn out to be so strong that there is a need to express them by continuing the relationship with Evgeniy, but he no longer comes. According to the etiquette requirements of those times, it was impossible for a girl to take the first step; it was considered a frivolous and ugly act. But Tatyana finds a way out - she writes a love letter to Onegin. Reading it, we see that Tatyana is a very noble, pure person, high thoughts reign in her soul, she is strict with herself. Eugene’s refusal to accept her love girl is, of course, discouraging, but the feeling in his heart does not go away. She tries to understand his actions, and she succeeds.

Tatyana after unsuccessful love

Realizing that Onegin prefers quick hobbies, Tatyana goes to Moscow. Here we already see a completely different person in her. She overcame the blind, unrequited feeling within herself.

But Tatyana feels like a stranger, she is far from his bustle, glitter, gossip and attends dinners most often in the company of her mother. Unsuccessful made her indifferent to all subsequent hobbies of the opposite sex. The integral character that we observed at the beginning of the novel “Eugene Onegin” is shown by Pushkin as broken and destroyed by the end of the work. As a result, Tatyana Larina remained a “black sheep” in high society, but her inner purity and pride were able to help others see a true lady in her. Her aloof behavior and at the same time unmistakable knowledge of the rules of etiquette, politeness and hospitality attracted attention, but at the same time forced her to remain at a distance, so Tatyana was above gossip.

The final choice of the heroine

At the end of the novel “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin, completing the plot, gives his “sweet ideal” a happy family life. Tatyana Larina has grown spiritually, but even in the last lines of the novel she confesses her love to Eugene Onegin. At the same time, this feeling no longer has power over her; she makes a conscious choice in favor of loyalty to her lawful husband and virtue.

Onegin also pays attention to Tatyana, “new” to him. He doesn’t even suspect that she hasn’t changed, she just “outgrew” him and “got over” her former painful love. Therefore, she rejected his advances. This is what appears before us main character"Eugene Onegin". Her main character traits are strong will, self-confidence, and kind character. Unfortunately, Pushkin showed in his work how unhappy such people can be, because they see that the world is not at all what they would like. At Tatiana's difficult fate, but her craving for personal happiness helps her overcome all adversity.

The purpose of the lesson:

1. Reveal the image of Tatyana Larina as an example of a girl raised in a Christian spirit.

2. Show how Christian upbringing shapes a girl the perfect wife.

3.Introduce the concepts: meekness, piety, obedience.

Equipment:

1. Schema-Archimandrite John (Maslov) “Symphony”.
2. S.I. Ozhegov " Dictionary Russian language".
3. The novel “Eugene Onegin” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

4. Hieromonk Porfiry (Levashov) “On the education of girls in a truly Christian spirit.”

During the classes:

Conversation with students

Teacher: Tatyana was born to Russian Orthodox parents - Dmitry and Praskovya Larin. The family lived according to Christian commandments: they read prayers, celebrated Religious holidays, kept the fast. Please find the arguments for my thesis in Chapter 2 of the novel.

Student: They kept life peaceful

Habits of a dear old man;

At their Shrovetide

There were Russian pancakes;

They fasted twice a year.

Teacher: OK, thank you. Guys, reading the novel “Eugene Onegin”, we observe the life and customs of a Russian local noble society. Tatiana with early childhood communicates with ordinary people, spends a lot of time with nanny Filippevna, a meek and patient woman. Unfortunately, the word “meek” is almost never used these days. Please read the meaning of this word in S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary.

Student: Meek - gentle, submissive, meek.

Teacher: Now find an article about this concept in “Symphony” (p. 446)

Student: Christians should be, like their heavenly father, meek. Meekness is the fruit of true faith. Meekness is the fruit of spiritual wisdom. Christ teaches us through His life of meekness. Following the example of Christ, deal with offenders meekly. Anger is not extinguished by anger, but meekness softens the fierce.

Teacher: Thank you. Know, guys, that meekness is a great spiritual strength. God gives happiness for meekness. This is good Russian word, remember it and use it in speech. Try to cultivate this quality of character in yourself. Can Tatyana Larina be called a meek girl? Please read the dialogue between Tatiana and the nanny by role and think about my question (3 chapters)

Students:- I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here.

Open the window and sit with me.

What, Tanya, what's wrong with you?

I'm bored. Let's talk about old times...

Teacher: Thank you. You read impressively. Who wants to answer the question?

Student: I think that Tatyana is a meek girl, because she meekly accepts Eugene Onegin’s explanations about things he doesn’t like.

Teacher: Right. Pushkin also loves his heroine for her courage, for the integrity of her nature, for her fiery and tender heart. In the letter that Tatyana wrote to Onegin, we find all these character traits. Having confessed her feelings, Tatyana behaves like the heroine of a foreign novel. Real everyday norms of behavior of a Russian noblewoman early XIX centuries made such an act unthinkable: she entered into correspondence without her mother’s knowledge with a person almost unknown to her and was the first to confess her love. If Onegin had divulged the secret of his receipt of the letter, Tatyana's reputation would have suffered irreparably. Tell me, in which chapter of the novel do changes occur in the fate of Tatyana Larina?

Student: A revolution in Tatiana's fate occurs in chapter 7.

Teacher: Right. External changes in her life are only a consequence of the complex process that took place in the heroine’s soul after the departure of Eugene Onegin. Without hoping for new meeting and reciprocity, Tatiana makes the decisive moral choice: agrees to go to Moscow and get married. She still loves Onegin, but voluntarily submits to her duty to her family. The heroine's words in the last monologue -

But I was given to another;

I will be faithful to him forever -

News for Onegin, but not for the reader: Tatyana only confirms the choice made earlier. We see that she has kept the same spiritual qualities, loyalty to love for Onegin and one’s marital duty. Tatyana Larina acted like a pious woman - a Christian, because she had already made her choice once. In the book of Hieromonk Porfiry “On the education of girls in the true Christian spirit” we read: “Nothing elevates a woman more than piety.” Please find the definition of “piety” in the Symphony.

Student:“Godliness is a light and example for one another for salvation. The path of piety is a narrow path. The narrow path is the path of humility, obedience, patience, meekness. The sign of piety is not only to know, but also to live according to the commandments.”

Teacher:“A pious wife is hardworking, modest, submissive, meek, compassionate, respectful to everyone, an exemplary mother, a good housewife and a faithful companion to her husband. She is like a planetary companion, tied to the world path of her husband, with unwavering correctness and order she will go around his home life and shed around the gentle light of her virtues and her prudence. What an honor for a spouse, what a happiness for children to have such a beautiful creature as a friend and the other as a mother.” Such an ideal wife was painted by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the novel “Eugene Onegin” in the image of Tatyana Larina. Everything about her, a pious and chaste woman, is attractive. What do you think is a person’s happiness and was Tatyana happy?

Student: The “Symphony” (p. 1028) says: “True happiness is found within. Happiness is a calm conscience. True happiness lies in piety. The happiness of a Christian is to be steadfast in temptation.” It turns out that Tatyana is happy that she did not cheat on her husband and managed to preserve the purity of her soul and bright memories of love.

Teacher: It is natural that in last chapter A.S. Pushkin directly tells readers that Tatyana Larina is different from society ladies, that everyone loves and respects her.

The ladies moved closer to her;

The old women smiled at her;

The men bowed lower

They caught the gaze of her eyes.

Now, guys, please find in the text of any chapter of the novel and write down in your notebook the concepts discussed in the “Symphony.”

Student: Concepts from chapter 1: friendship, pride, soul, dignity, simplicity, boredom, deceit, kindness, nobility, education, hard work, hypocrisy, jealousy, obedience, eloquence, silence, flattery, guile.

Teacher: Well done. Think about which of these qualities can be found in the character of Onegin, and which ones in the character of Tatyana?

Student: In Onegin: pride, boredom, deceit, nobility, education, jealousy, eloquence, flattery.

Pupil: Tatyana has: friendship, soul, dignity, simplicity, kindness, education, hard work, cunning, silence, obedience.

Teacher: Well done. Please find the article on obedience in the Symphony. Read it.

Student: By obedience a person shows his faith. The Lord and God Jesus Christ obeyed his parents.

Teacher: Fine. Guys, I hope that you understand what great benefits self-education of such concepts as meekness, obedience, conscience, piety, hard work, and modesty will bring you. Dear girls, may these spiritually important moral qualities, formed in Tatyana Larina, will sprout as seeds in your souls and become true, indisputable rules for you. And then you will live happily and joyfully in peace and harmony with your future spouse.

Please remember the behests of the abbot of the Glinskaya Hermitage, Abbot Philaret (Danilevsky):

1. Work hard.
2. Cleanse your soul from harmful thoughts.
3. Don’t even let bad thoughts enter your heart.
4. By maintaining purity of heart, you can maintain physical purity.
5. It is better to do a little properly than to do a lot carelessly.

Tatiana's life is a wonderful story of developing a character that was created in life lessons ("Eugene Onegin" by A. S. Pushkin)

Pushkin created a whole gallery of female types endowed with wonderful qualities of character: fidelity, devotion, femininity (by the way, femininity is, first of all, the desire for self-sacrifice - someone gave it such a definition), the ability to deep, strong feelings. These are Marya Gavrilovna (“Blizzard”), Marya Mironova (“ Captain's daughter"), Marya Troekurova ("Dubrovsky"). Each of these women is charming in its own way, but Tatyana Larina is the brightest of the creations of Pushkin’s genius. When they talk about her, first of all they mention two Pushkin definitions: “Tatyana is a sweet ideal” and “Tatyana is a Russian soul.” This image perhaps causes the least amount of controversy and disagreement (except perhaps between Belinsky and Dostoevsky - I have already mentioned their polemics).

Dostoevsky, certainly fascinated by Pushkin’s heroine, noted that the author should have named his novel after Tatyana, and not Onegin: she, in the writer’s opinion, is the main character in the novel. His phrase said about Tatyana: “This is a type who stands firmly on his own ground,” obviously reflects the truth and is confirmed in the text of the novel.

Tatiana was “born” in 1803. Tatiana’s closeness to her native soil, to Russian culture, folk type consciousness is also expressed in the fact that Russians are close in spirit to her folk customs and traditions:

Tatyana believed the legends

Of common folk antiquity,

And dreams, and card fortune-telling,

And the predictions of the moon.

She was worried about signs...

and that she “loved the Russian winter.” Tatyana didn't think twice

over what this love is connected with. I think not only with the unique beauty of Russian winter nature, its calmness and grandeur, fascination and secret expectation of awakening to a new life. The numbness of nature, frozen in anticipation of the spring's stormy blossoming and summer holiday life, could well correspond to Tatyana’s rich soul, which was like a bud that had not yet blossomed. It is also possible that winter for Tatyana is mysterious time Christmas and Christmastide, this is the only time of the year when it was possible to lift the veil over the unknown future (and her thoughts were most often directed precisely to the future).

Generally speaking, this is not surprising, because Tatyana was raised by an old Russian nanny, perhaps the closest person to her, and the influence of the nanny cannot be underestimated. The author’s remark is interesting: “She didn’t know Russian well” (in which he seems to apologize for Tatyana, who wrote the letter in French). Doesn’t this contradict the “Russian soul” of the heroine? Firstly, the author means that the heroine did not speak Russian in writing(naturally, she could not help but own household appliances). Secondly, one can hardly blame a young noble girl for this, because according to the standards of that time, she had to be fluent in French, be able to dance and behave in society, as well as sing and play the musical instrument. The education of a noblewoman had the sole purpose of making her an attractive bride. The strange thing is not that “she didn’t know Russian well,” but that she “knew French, because French she could only be taught by a French governess, whose presence Pushkin does not mention.

Tatyana is a spiritual nature, which means, despite her external isolation and secrecy, internally, on a subtle, spiritual level, she is open to the world /spirituality, simply put, is openness to the world/. Tied by a million invisible threads to native nature, culture, the Russian people, she at the same time feels like a particle of the infinite cosmos. Her genuine, sincere religiosity (“with prayer she delighted the melancholy of her troubled soul”) is proof of this.

Tatiana's spirituality and romanticism are closely interconnected.

Because, as Pushkin writes,

She liked novels early on,

They replaced everything for her.

She fell in love with deceptions

And Richardson and Russo, -

impressionable and naive, with spiritual needs, Tatyana Larina could not help but endure literary images into your life. Gray, monotonous country life was too faded. The world of illusions, the world of fiction literary heroes became a second reality for her - bright and interesting. Gifted with a “rebellious imagination” and a “fiery and tender heart,” she expected her romantic hero, a premonition of love that can fill your whole life without a trace. Tatyana fell in love with Onegin, not knowing him at all, but feeling in her heart that he was an unhappy, dissatisfied, suffering person. She waited and could only love such a person: difficult, restless, searching. She would never be seduced by the boring, empty, ordinary Petushkovs, Flyanovs, Buyanovs. I think that the beginnings of love for Onegin arose in Tatiana’s soul long before meeting him. She was already waiting for him when she heard bad gossip about him. She was already interested in him when she realized that he was extraordinary.

The most important point in understanding the image of Tatyana Larina is her letter to Onegin (1820). When sending a letter, Tatyana behaves according to the norms of behavior of the heroine of the novel, but for a Russian young lady of the early 19th century. such an act was simply unthinkable. The fact that she entered into correspondence with an unfamiliar man and was the first to confess her love to him was a violation of all standards of decency. If Onegin had divulged the secret of his receipt of the letter, her reputation would have suffered irreparably. Tatiana's letter is replete with literary clichés. She, “imagining herself as the heroine of her beloved creators,” appropriates “someone else’s delight, someone else’s sadness” and builds her love on the models of “Clarissa, Julia, Delphine.” However, all this does not make her feeling less sincere and spontaneous.

Building her life according to the plot of novels that is familiar to her, Tatyana suggests only two possible clues to Onegin’s character: “guardian angel” (Grandison) or “insidious tempter” (Lovelace). In the first case, her life was supposed to turn into an idyll, in the second, death awaited her (“I’ll die, Tanya says, but death from him is kind”). (By the way, the romantic Lensky also sees in people only a manifestation of two extremes: the guardian and the tempter). However, real life gave Tatyana an unexpected surprise: Onegin behaved unpredictably, he simply brought her down to earth. From now on, “proud patience” and quiet, selfless love became the meaning and content of her life.

Young, inexperienced Tatyana, of course, could not even think that she was forcing events too much. It would be wiser to wait for Onegin’s next visit, read indifference or interest in his gaze (which, as we know, is more eloquent than any words), and act accordingly. Confessing your love to a person who is indifferent to you is absolutely pointless! But this is from the point of view of reason, Tatyana, as we know, was entirely under the influence of feelings, and feelings left her no other choice: keeping a boiling passion inside her is unbearable.

Tatyana's life is a wonderful story of character development, which was created through life lessons.

The first was the lesson learned from Onegin. It was like an icy shower for those pampered by warmth, like a powerful blow from real life, shattering romantic illusions. He had to be “dealt with” somehow. And the main thing that Tatyana heard and learned later was “learn to control yourself.”

Tatyana in the first part of the novel is sensitive, impressionable and impulsive (“Thoughtfulness, her friend...”, “She fell in love with the deceptions of both Richardson and Rousseau,” “She found a charm in the most horror...”).

One of bright examples, showing her impressionability and complete inability to control herself - the birthday dinner scene. Unexpectedly finding herself at the table directly opposite Onegin, she simply “gave herself away”:

She has a passionate heat; she feels stuffy and ill;

....tears from my eyes

They really want to drip; already ready

The poor thing is going to faint...

Evgeniy classified all this into the category of “tragic-nervous phenomena, girlish fainting, tears,” which was the reason for his intention to take revenge on Lensky.

The second difficult life lesson was the death of Lensky at the hands of the same Onegin, when for the first time the harsh word “debt” loomed before Tatyana:

She won't see him;

She must hate him

The killer of his brother...

By the way, for Olga nothing “due” followed from Lensky’s death: she calmly married the first uhlan she met. Tatyana, a stranger to Lensky, saw in his death a certain duty for herself.

The third lesson was the knowledge of Onegin, which occurred in separation from him (for her consciousness - in separation “forever”) through the study of his things, his books, notes on them, the entire situation of his life. So the titanic image of a romantic hero was replaced by the image of a secular egoist. Moreover, Tatyana, who herself imitated her favorite heroines in many ways, took Onegin as a parody of Western sufferers, victims of spleen: “Isn’t he a parody?” However, Eugene’s landing did not help the girl stop loving him. It couldn’t be otherwise! After all, she loved him as he was, without delving into his merits and demerits. I fell in love with my heart, not my mind. She fell in love not because Onegin is good and handsome, but because her soul came to a state of love.

The fourth lesson was the exit from lonely life in the village into the crowded life of Moscow, “studying” people (“Tatyana wants to listen attentively to conversations, to general conversation”) and finding ways and means of adapting to them.

This was followed by the first test, a vital act: getting married without love, but out of duty. What she prepared herself for in her girlish dreams failed. The place of love was replaced by duty to the mother: “My mother begged me with tears of spells.” It is possible that from that moment Tatyana began to “have character.”

But let’s return to the definition of “Tatyana is a sweet ideal.” Integrity, harmony of nature, moral purity, loyalty to duty, given word, readiness for self-sacrifice, ability to deep, sincere feeling, naturalness, simplicity, etc. -features that most impressed Pushkin in Tatyana Larina and which allowed him to call her a “sweet ideal.” The ideal for the author is not only “poor girl Tanya,” but also Tatiana the Princess, a married woman. Pushkin reflected the appearance of a genuine society lady in his heroine (he looked for it in real life and found it in his wife):

She was leisurely

Not cold, not talkative,

Without an insolent look for everyone,

Without pretensions to success,

Without these little antics,

No imitative ideas...

Everything was quiet, it was just there,

She seemed like a sure shot

De come il faut.

Tatyana, modest, silent, turned into “The stately and careless legislator of the hall.” She transformed the “soulless world”; she brought her simplicity and naturalness to the “masquerade” of St. Petersburg.

A reasonable question arises: why? elite, which we are accustomed to consider a false and hypocritical world, and there are good reasons for this, is not at all disgusting to Tatyana? Why did she fit into it so organically? Is there a contradiction here? Pushkin's heroine reflects his own view of high society, and he, like everything in Pushkin, is multidimensional. On the one hand, this is truly the kingdom of masks and mannequins, on the other hand, this is the sphere in which Russian culture develops, and its bearers are primarily representatives of the educated stratum, the nobles, this environment from which the Decembrists emerged.

The second test of life - a meeting with Onegin - found Tatyana already a person with a fully developed character.

Tatiana Chapter VIII- the embodiment of restraint, poise, calmness, and the ability to control oneself.

The first meeting with Onegin after separation was presented by Pushkin as a contrast to last date before separation:

The princess looks at him...

Nothing bothered her soul

No matter how strong she was

Surprised, amazed,

But nothing changed her...

Is it really the same Tatyana...

So indifferent, so brave?

Next date: Onegin is embarrassed, “awkward,” and she “sits calm and free.” Further meetings:

She doesn't notice him

No matter how he fights, even if he dies,

Accepts freely at home,

When visiting him, he says three words,

Sometimes he will greet you with one bow,

Sometimes he won't even notice...

And finally, after Onegin’s letters:

Uh! how surrounded you are now

She is Epiphany cold!..

Where, where is the confusion, the compassion?

Where are the stains of tears?.. They are not there, they are not there!

Only at the last meeting with Onegin does Pushkin show the inner world of this new Tatiana and makes it clear what that “Epiphany cold”, that inaccessibility, that ease of treatment that so amazed Onegin cost her.

Oh, who would mute her suffering

I didn’t read it in this quick moment!

Who is the old Tanya, poor Tanya

Now I wouldn’t recognize the princess!

She loves Onegin, but she should not love him, and this “should not” determines all of her behavior, everything down to the smallest shades of look and treatment, determines irrevocably and forever.

I love you (why lie?),

But I was given to another;

I will be faithful to him forever.

“I will be faithful to him forever” - an act also done “out of duty” - duty to the husband, and rather, even to the principle of marital duty.

But if Tatyana’s sacrifice and her loyalty to her marital duty are quite obvious here, then something else is not at all obvious. Final explanation Tatiana and Onegin puts an ellipsis in the dramatic love story of the main characters. And since this is an ellipsis, probably any reader asks himself the question: “What would have happened if Tatyana had not refused Onegin? What will happen next? and so on." Dostoevsky argued: “Even if Tatyana had become free, if her old husband and she was widowed, then even then she would not have married Onegin. This is the essence of her character!” At first glance, this statement is strange: who refuses family happiness when mutual love? But I think Dostoevsky's point of view has many grounds. Tatyana, having fallen in love with a man who sought, could not marry a man who did not find. After all, stability and constancy are important in marriage, and Onegin is an “eternal wanderer” who is “not created for bliss.” Tatyana, of course, could not force herself to stop loving Onegin, but she could well have ordered herself not to marry him, knowing that such a marriage would have brought her disappointment.

As practice shows, dreams of family happiness too often they turn out to be much more beautiful than reality. We draw dreams for ourselves, we paint them with bright, unusual colors - real life Fate has what fate has in store for us, and what it has in stock are mostly gray and black colors. Maybe that state, when there is still something to dream about, is much better than that when everything is there and there is nothing left to dream about?

So the dramatic ending of the novel was predetermined. But still, is Tatyana unhappy? At first glance, yes. She is married to an unloved person, and happiness with her beloved is inaccessible to her in principle. But this is only partly true.

Tatyana does not give up love, but, as we see, having avoided the temptation to surrender to her feelings, she prefers to crucify love on the tree of duty. Mature Tatyana ceases to be impulsive, her feelings are more calm, restrained, and reasonable. She consciously makes her choice and, most importantly, remains in harmony with herself. Being married, she no longer wants, as before, for “love to fall on her life like a tombstone” (paraphrasing A. Akhmatova). So is this unlucky? But “does doing what you feel passionate about, living the way you want to live, and not knowing internal discord, mean ruining your life?” (W. Somerset Maugham). Would Tatyana be happier if the fate of Katerina from “The Thunderstorm” awaited her? Doubtful.

Yes, she undoubtedly prefers rural peace to secular bustle, but the peculiarity of Tatyana is that she manages to live in harmony with everything that surrounds her, and this harmony is woven from chaos in her heart. The world with which she comes into contact ceases to be dirty and disgusting, she ennobles it, bringing purity and calm grandeur into it. So perhaps her sister, who never knew, is more worthy of regret. true love?

Now to the question of Tatyana's prototype. Pushkin’s phrase “And the one with whom Tatyana’s sweet ideal was formed...” for decades misled both Pushkin’s acquaintances and researchers of his work. It was considered undeniable that the prototype of Tatyana exists, it just needs to be found. One of the most authoritative researchers of Pushkin, Yu. Lotman, believed that the image of Tatyana is collective, i.e. she contains the features of many women acquaintances of Pushkin: Elizaveta Ksavelyevna Vorontsova, Natalia Dmitrievna Fonvizina and others. The latter, the wife of a Decembrist, shared with her husband all the hardships of Siberian exile and - another interesting detail - after the death of her husband and after the amnesty, she became the wife of Pushkin’s “first friend, priceless friend” Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin. The fact that, after reading the novel, Natalya Dmitrievna began to call herself Tanya, indicates, rather, not that she is the only prototype of Tatyana, but that the image and fate of the heroine are typical, that her features are inherent in many wonderful Russian women. A. Raevsky, in correspondence with Pushkin, called Princess E. Vorontsova Tatyana, and Pushkin understood who he was talking about we're talking about. Most likely, the allusion to the real and only prototype of Tatyana is a hoax of the author, associated with the desire to create in the reader the illusion of the authenticity of events.

When you talk about Tatyana, you want to draw an analogy with an ancient myth: Pushkin, like Pygmalion, who sculpted the beautiful Galatea, created the image of Tatyana, capturing in her the eternal, enduring standard of beauty...

One of the problems associated with the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” is the problem of the incompleteness of the novel, but more precisely, the suddenness and unexpectedness of its end. But death at a young age, in the midst of life’s feast, is just as unexpected, and the author, considering this bliss (“Blessed is he who left the feast of life early...”), apparently even in a panicky fear of death, prefers an untimely death to a pitiful, decrepit old age .

Pushkin parted with his beloved brainchild, saying goodbye to the time of his youth, to the “celebration of life”:

Oh my easy youth! Thank you for the pleasures

For sadness, for sweet torment,

For the noise, for the storms, for the feasts,

For everything, for all your gifts.

In 1830, in the life of Pushkin, his spiritual path, his creative destiny a radical change occurred. He made it almost impossible to return to the affair. Pushkin became different.

Other cold dreams

Other, strict concerns Both in the noise of light and in silence

They disturb the sleep of my soul.

What does the poet mean here? Premonition and expectation of death, “sense of passing time”, global philosophical problems- these are his creative priorities in the last years of his life, called “apocalyptic” by one of the researchers of his work. Interesting vision of Pushkin recent years of his life: “Village, love, religion, death.”

In conclusion, I will quote the words of censor Nikitenko, spoken during Pushkin’s funeral: “Russians are mourning a man who honored them with his existence.”