So that my fellow countrymen
And to every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
In all holy Russia!
N.A.Nekrasov. Who lives well in Russia
In the image people's defender Grisha Dobrosklonova embodied the author's ideal goodie... This image was the result of N.A.Nekrasov's thoughts about the paths leading to happiness for the Russian people. Truthfully, but very ethically, the poet was able to display best features character of Grisha - an optimistic fighter, closely connected with the people and believing in their great and bright future.
Grisha grew up in poverty. His father, Tryphon, a rural dy-chok, lived "poorer than the last seedy peasant", was always hungry. Grisha's mother, Domna, is "an irresponsible laborer for everyone who helped her in some way on a rainy day." Grisha himself studies at the seminary, which was his “breadwinner”. No matter how poorly they were fed in the seminary, the young man shared the last piece of bread with his mother.
Grisha thought about life early, and at the age of fifteen he already firmly knew "to whom he would give his whole life and for whom he would die." In front of him, as well as in front of any thinking person, he clearly saw only two roads:
One spacious Road is tornaya. The passion of a slave ...
A crowd greedy for temptation is moving along this path, for which even the thought of "sincere life" is ridiculous. This is the road of soullessness and cruelty, since “eternal, inhuman enmity-war” is boiling there for “perishable goods”.
But there is also a second road: Another is a narrow one, An honest road, Only strong, loving souls walk along it, For battle, for work ...
Grigory Dobrosklonov chooses this path, because he sees his place next to the "humiliated" and "offended". This is the road of people's defenders, revolutionaries, and Grisha is not alone in his choice:
A lot of Russia has already sent its Sons, marked with the Seal of God's gift, On honest paths ...
Grisha has not only a bright mind and an honest rebellious heart, he is also endowed with the gift of eloquence. He knows how to convince the peasants who listen to him and believe his words, to console them, to explain that it is not they who are to blame for the appearance of such people as Gleb the traitor, but the "support" that gave birth to the "sins of the landowner", and the sins of Gleb and the "unfortunate Jacob". Material from the site
No support - new Gleb will not be in Russia!
Gregory understands better than the others great power words because he is a poet. His songs lift the spirits of the peasants, delight the Wahlaks. Still very young, Grisha can draw the attention of the disadvantaged people to the idea of protest with his songs and lead them. He believes that the power of the people is "a calm conscience, truth is alive", therefore he feels "immense strength in his chest."
Grigory Dobrosklonov finds his happiness in love for his homeland and the people, in the struggle for their freedom, and with this he not only answers the question of pilgrims about who lives happily in Russia, but is also the personification of Nekrasov's understanding of the true purpose of his work , own life.
/ / / The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in Nekrasov's poem "Who lives well in Russia"Creating the poem "", Nikolai Nekrasov wanted to dedicate it to the people, simple and selfless. Sings often watched those people who fought to the last for their freedom, for their happiness. That is why, in his poem, the author decided to create the image of a fighter who would give everything for the people.
Grigory Dobrosklonov becomes such a character. He was born and lived in such a poor family that his mother salted his bread with tears. Father Gregory, a clerk by his nickname, was even poorer than the most unfortunate peasant. Therefore, the boy with early years had seen enough of the horrors of a hungry life.
At fifteen, he knew for sure who he would give his life for. Grigory Dobrosklonov strives to help everyone in need. He appears where grief is heard, where there is a call for help.
The hero does not think about his personal wealth and well-being. A real revolutionary is ready even now to say goodbye to his life in order to change the fate of the people for the better. And in his thoughts Gregory was not alone. A lot of people were ready to take part in the protest against such a "dog" life.
Dobrosklonov is not afraid of all the difficulties that may arise on the path to freedom. Gregory believes to the last in the strength and victory of the people, who were on the brink, at the last boiling point. The thought that multimillion-dollar popular protests will soon overwhelm Russian lands amuses and pleases him. Dobrosklonov's speeches and words turn on the crowd, they have a magical effect on those around them, inspiring them to fight and win.
Grigory Dobrosklovov is a strong, courageous, strong-willed hero of Nekrasov's poem. Such a person can become a real leader and lead a popular uprising. He considers his calling to fight for the rights of the oppressed and disadvantaged. After all, how much common people you can bend your backs for others, as long as you can endure humiliation and weak-willedly submit.
To the main question of the poem about who, after all, lives well in Russia, Nikolai Nekrasov answers: "to fighters for the people's happiness."
One of the controversial issues for non-racialists is the role Grigory Dobrosklonov and the meaning of this images in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia": Did Nekrasov create the image of a "defender of the people", a fighter for people's happiness, "a commoner, a revolutionary of the 60s. and the revolutionary populist of the 70s ”, or educator, educator of the people. In the draft version of the chapter, as the researchers note, “the true meaning of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the people's defender, was clearer. It was here that Nekrasov compared him with Lomonosov and predicted a difficult fate for him: "consumption and Siberia." "Consumption" and "Siberia" were, of course, accurate indications of the revolutionary, anti-government activities of Grisha Dobrosklonov. But Nekrasov, even at the initial (pre-censored) stage of work, crossed out the lines: "Fate prepared for him / A loud path, a glorious name / People's Defender, / Consumption and Siberia." Only at the behest of the publishers of the poem already in Soviet time these lines were included in the text. But the question is why the author abandoned these lines directly pointing to revolutionary activity hero remains. Did Nekrasov do it as a result of autocensorship, i.e. knowing in advance that no lines will be skipped? Or was it caused by a change in the concept of Grisha's image?
A possible explanation for Nekrasov's refusal to give instructions on tragic fate Grisha Dobrosklonov was found by N.N. Skatov, who saw the reason in the desire to create a generalized image of the representative young generation... “On the one hand,” the researcher writes, “he (Grisha Dobrosklonov) is a man of a completely certain way of life and lifestyle: the son of a poor deacon, a seminarian, simple and kind guy who love the village, the peasant, the people who wish him happiness and are ready to fight for him. But Grisha is also a more generalized image of youth, striving forward, hoping and believing. It is all in the future, hence some of its uncertainty, only prediction. That is why Nekrasov, obviously, not only for censorship reasons, crossed out the verses already at the first stage of work. "
The place of the hero in the narrative is also controversial. K.I. Chukovsky was inclined to assign this hero a key role. Actually, the appearance of such a hero as Grisha Dobrosklonov became the most important argument for the researcher in determining the composition of the poem. According to K.I. Chukovsky, a poem, and not an enthusiastic hymn to the "benefactress" - the governor, which sounds in "Peasant". Other researchers also perceive the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov as the final one in Nekrasov's reflections on “happiness”. According to L.A. Evstigneeva, “in the following chapters, Grisha Dobrosklonov was supposed to become the central figure of the poem, whose image was only outlined in“ The Feast ... ”.
But there is another point of view, according to which Grisha Dobrosklonov is not the culmination of the poem, not its crown, but just one of the episodes in the search for peasants. "The meeting with Grigory Dobrosklonov," the researchers believe, "was one of the episodes of the pilgrims' journey - an important, significant, fundamental, etc., but still only an episode that did not at all mean the end of their search." The same position is shared by V.V. Zhdanov, author of the book "Life of Nekrasov": "It is unlikely that all the lines of the path of a polysyllabic narrative, all the variety of images and characters can be reduced to Grisha Dobrosklonov," he asserts, "it is probably one of the stages on the way to the completion of all work." The same idea is expressed by N.N. Skatov: "The image of Grisha itself is not an answer either to the question of happiness, or to the question of the lucky one." The researcher motivates his words by the fact that "the happiness of one person (whoever it is and whatever it means, even the struggle for universal happiness) is not yet a solution to the issue, since the poem leads to thoughts about" the embodiment of the happiness of the people. " , about the happiness of all, about "a feast for the whole world."
There is every reason for such an understanding of the role of the hero: the journey of the peasants, indeed, should not have ended in Vakhlachina. And at the same time, it is difficult to agree that Grisha Dobrosklonov is just one of the many heroes. It is not by chance that in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov there are clear features of people so dear to Nekrasov's heart - Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky.
But the problem is not only in determining the place of the hero in the poem. The question of whether Nekrasov accepted the "happiness" of Grigory Dobrosklonov as the highest concept of happiness seems to be controversial. Addressing this problem, K.I. Chukovsky claims that in his work, Nekrasov correlated the life of only the rich and influential people, for example, the "owner of luxurious chambers" from the poem "Reflection at the front door" was named happy. But this statement is not entirely accurate. Nekrasov also had a different understanding of happiness. And it was also expressed in his lyrics. For example, he called I.S. Turgenev:
Lucky man! from available to the world
You knew how to take pleasure
Everything that our destiny is beautiful with:
God gave you freedom, lyre
And a woman's loving soul
He blessed your earthly path.
The undoubted component of "happiness" for Nekrasov was not idleness, but work. And therefore, painting pictures of a happy future in the poem "Woe of Old Naum", Nekrasov sings "eternal vigorous work on the eternal river." Such a Nekrasov recognition is also known. In May 1876, the village teacher Malozemova wrote him a letter - a response to the poem read, which ended with the chapter "Peasant Woman". It seemed to the teacher that the poet did not believe "in the existence of happy people", And she tried to dissuade him:" I am already old and very ugly, "she wrote," but very happy. I sit by the window at school, admire nature and enjoy the consciousness of my happiness ... There is a lot of grief in my past, but I consider it a blessing, happiness, it has taught me how to live, and without it I would not know the pleasure in life ... ". Nekrasov answered her much later - his letter was dated April 2, 1877: “The happiness you are talking about would constitute the subject of a continuation of my poem. It is not destined to end. " Do these words mean that in the future the author wanted to continue the story about the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov? It is impossible to answer this question. But one cannot fail to notice that Grishino's understanding of happiness is really close to the happiness of a rural teacher. So, when grateful to Grisha for the kind words, for the help, Vlas wishes him happiness, as he understands it, the happiness of the peasant:
May God give you silver,
And sweetheart, give me a smart one
Healthy wife! -
Grisha Dobrosklonov replies with disagreement with this understanding of happiness, opposing it with his own:
I don’t need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my fellow countrymen
And to every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
In all holy Russia!
Researchers have long noted the closeness of the fate and image of Grisha Dobrolyubov with the fates and personalities of Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Seminary past, the origin of Chernyshevsky, the personality traits of Dobrolyubov and even his surname become the direct sources of the image. It is also known how Nekrasov perceived his collaborators according to Sovremennik: in poems dedicated to Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, their fates are affirmed as the embodiment of an ideal fate. But a whole series of details can be noted, which testify to the special significance for the author of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov. Nekrasov clearly sacralizes the image of Grisha: presenting Grisha as a "messenger of God", marked with the "seal of the gift of God." The angel of mercy calls on the path chosen by him - "the narrow road", "honest". The song "Among the world of the valley", which is sung by the angel of mercy, in the draft version was called "Where to go?" Researchers see in this name a clear analogy with the title of Chernyshevsky's novel "What is to be done?" But we can assume another source of these words: they echo the words of the Apostle Peter, who asked, as the ancient apocryphas testify, Christ about the purpose of his path: "Where are you going?" Answering Peter's question, Christ said: "To Rome to be crucified again." "After that, Christ ascends to heaven, and Peter, seeing in the words of Christ the proclamation of his martyrdom, returns to Rome, where he is crucified upside down." This analogy also allows us to see the highest meaning of Grishin's path. It is interesting to note that the original name of the Nekrasov hero was Peter.
But it is no coincidence that the author rejects this direct analogy with the fate of a follower of Christ, just as he rejects direct references to the revolutionary activities of Grisha Dobrosklonov. Grisha appears as an enlightener, "a sower of knowledge in the people's field", who is called upon to "sow what is rational, good, and eternal." It is characteristic that the poem calling "the sowers of knowledge to the people's field" was written simultaneously with the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World." But if in the poem "To the Sowers" Nekrasov complained about the "timidity" and "weakness" of the sowers, then in the poem he creates the image of a hero endowed with purposefulness, moral strength, and understanding folk soul... Born among the people, having experienced all its sorrows and sorrows, he knows both the people's soul and the path to the people's hearts. He knows that he can "revive" Russia. The life devoted to the revival of the people's soul, the enlightenment of the people, and is thought of by Nekrasov as happiness. That is why Nekrasov ends his poem with the words:
Our wanderers would be under their own roof,
If only they could know what happened to Grisha.
He heard immense strength in his chest,
His blessed sounds delighted the ear,
The radiant sounds of the noble anthem -
He sang the embodiment of national happiness! ..
We agree with V.I. Miller, who writes that the poet sang “every sacrifice of man, every feat - if only it was done in the name of other people. Such self-sacrifice has become, as it were, the religion of Nekrasov. "
Endowing his hero with a truly "happy" fate, Nekrasov nevertheless does not end the chapter with the return of the wanderers to their native villages. Their journey had to continue. Why? After all, the concluding lines indicated not only the author's agreement with this understanding of happiness, but also that the pilgrims were already ready to share it. One of the possible answers to this question was given by G.V. Plekhanov, a well-known revolutionary leader. He saw the reason for this ending in the fact that the people and "people's defenders" were not united in their aspirations. “The fact of the matter is that wanderers-peasants from different villages, who decided not to return home until they decided who lived happily, at ease in Russia, did not know what was happening to Grisha, and could not know. The aspirations of our radical intelligentsia remained unknown and incomprehensible to the people. Its best representatives, without hesitation, sacrificed themselves for his release, and he remained deaf to their calls and sometimes was ready to stone them, seeing in their designs only new intrigues of his hereditary enemy - the nobility. "
This remark, reflecting the real realities of Russian life, is still not entirely true in relation to Nekrasov poem: Grisha does not appear as a lone wrestler in the poem, the "wahlaks" both listen to him and listen to his opinion. And yet Nekrasov did not want to complete the search for his heroes in Vakhlachina. The journey must continue, and, as one of the researchers rightly writes, “it is not known what it can lead men to. After all, the poem is based on the development of the author's idea, and it is very important for Nekrasov to show what the pilgrims learn during the journey, what, in particular, they learned from those new encounters that are described in the "Feast ...". Therefore, the events depicted in "Feast ..." should not at all be the ending of the poem, on the contrary, they became a new stimulus in the further search for seven men, the further growth of their self-awareness. "
Grigory Dobrosklonov appears in the epilogue of the poem, about its meaning cannot be compared with the simple completion of the work.
The image and characteristics of Grisha Dobrosklonov is an attempt by the author to instill optimism and faith in the future in the souls of the reader.
Description of the hero's father and life in his house
Gregory is the son of the sexton Tryphon. The father is the lowest among the ministers of the church. The father is very poor, it is difficult to imagine how the priest's family lives. He is poorer
"The seedy last peasant."
There are two rooms in Tryphon's house - closets. In one there is a stove that smokes. The other is more than 2 meters high (fathoms), suitable only for summer. The farm does not have a cow or a horse. The dog and the cat left Tryphon. The mother was kind and caring. She did not live long. The woman thought about the most essential - about salt, as in the song "Salty" she had to cook for her son in tears. Two images - mother and homeland - merged into one. Grisha's goal was to make their lives better.
Hero's study
The clerk sent his son to the theological seminary. So it was in Russia. Gregory lives in terrible poverty, but his thirst for knowledge is amazing. At one o'clock in the morning, the guy wakes up and waits for the morning when they will bring a sitnik. The food was tasteless and unsatisfying. On the seminar, he saved the "grabber-economy". In the description of the seminary, there is no information about teachers, subjects, classes. Nekrasov is sparing of words here: dark, cold, sullen, stern, hungry. Behind each adverb there is scary picture... Why paint with words what is dark in reality. The father is proud of his son's success, but does not try to improve his existence, he himself was always hungry.The character of Gregory
You can already see from the description of childhood and study distinctive features character of Gregory. He is firmly pursuing his goal. Such a desire is not accessible to many, but young people have already appeared who brought knowledge and light to the masses. Gregory shares his clever thoughts with ordinary men. He gets food in return. Nekrasov emphasizes that the hero is a special person. He has a gift from God, the ability to discern what is important in the ordinary, to convey the word to the heart. Gregory is the leader. He carries away with him. Slaves, beggars, offended hear and understand the guy's speech. They are captivated by the sincerity of the seminarian. He glows like a girl, but does not let his anger escape. Dobrosklonov is talented. He writes songs that are sung by the people.Hero dreams
Gregory is a defender, a warrior, a brave man. From childhood he charted his path. As a child, he listened to his mother's songs, he understands how great the song power is, how it penetrates deep into people. Songs are the soul of the people. They transmit problems and treat them, curb negative impulses, foster optimism and self-confidence. Gregory, with the help of songs, is trying to raise the peasants to defend their rights. An educated young man sees what is the reason for Russian poverty:- serfdom;
- hard backbreaking work;
- drunkenness among men;
- terrible poverty and hunger;
- greed and laziness of lordship;
- ignorance of the common people.
Grisha's prototype
N.A. Nekrasov chose a surname for the hero, telling who was the prototype of the character. Dobrosklonov - Dobrolyubov. The common basis is good. These are people who bring goodness to the masses of the people. Based on the names, you can find out important characteristics... One inclines people to good deeds, the other - loves everyone and hopes that everyone is initially kind. The hero of the poem and the publicist have a lot in common:- unique purposefulness;
- hard work;
- giftedness and talent.
Hero pick
Gregory is a representative of revolutionary-minded young people who will provide the people with a decent life in the future. The fate of the hero is a bright path, a big name, the glory of an intercessor and protector, but consumption and Siberia are in the same row. Grisha thinks a lot. The young poet came to the conclusion that people, fortunately, have two paths. One will lead a person to wealth, power and honor. This happiness is built on achieving material well-being. The second path is spiritual happiness. It presupposes unity with those whom they serve - with the people. The second path is difficult and thorny. Gregory calls to go to the cherished goals, to make them happy as possible more people: “At ease - merrily in all holy Russia” a plowman, a barge haule and a simple peasant will live. There are already hundreds of people like the character of the poem, but the author believes that there will be even more of them. The entire multi-million Russian people are waking up and embarking on the path of struggle."The army is rising - Innumerable, the strength in it will affect the Unbreakable!" The song "Rus" is a hymn about happiness, the power of faith of Russian youth. The sounds of music and the meaning of words penetrated the hearts and lifted the spirit. The young man shared his optimism, the author, through him, supported the ideas of his friends - revolutionaries.
Nekrasov, the great Russian writer, created many works in which he sought to discover something new to the world. The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is not an exception either. The most important character for the disclosure of the topic is Grisha Dobrosklonov, a simple peasant with difficult desires and thoughts.
Prototype
The last in mention, but the first in importance, the image of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is Grisha Dobrosklonov. According to the poet's sister A. A. Butkevich, the artist Dobrolyubov became the hero. Butkevich argued so for a reason. Firstly, such statements were made by Nekrasov himself, and secondly, this is confirmed by the consonance of the names, the character of the hero and the attitude of the prototype to the selfless and purposeful fighters acting on the side of the people.
Tverdokhlebov I. Yu. Believes that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is a kind of cast of the features of such famous personalities like Belinsky, Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, who together create the ideal of the hero of the revolution. It should also be noted that Nekrasov did not disregard and new type public figure- a populist who combined the features of both a revolutionary and a religious activist.
Common features
The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov demonstrates that it is bright representative a revolutionary propagandist who seeks to prepare the masses for the struggle against the capitalist foundations. In the features of this hero, the most romantic traits revolutionary youth.
Considering this hero, one must also take into account that Nekrasov set about creating it in 1876, that is, at a time when “going to the people” was already complicated by many factors. Some scenes of the work confirm that Grisha was preceded by "wandering" propagandists.
As for the attitude of Nekrasov to the common working people, here he expressed his special attitude. His revolutionary leads he lived and grew up in Vakhlachina. The people's defender Grisha Dobrosklonov is a hero who knows his people well, understands all the troubles and sorrows that have befallen him. He is one of them, therefore, does not raise doubts or suspicions among a simple guy. Grisha is the poet's hope, his stake on the representatives of the revolutionary peasantry.
Prefab image
The poet himself notes that in the image of Grisha he captured the features that were characteristic of the revolutionary-minded youth of the 1860-1870s, the French communards and progressive representatives of the peasantry. Researchers argue that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is somewhat schematic. But this is easily explained by the fact that Nekrasov created a new historical type hero and could not fully portray in him everything he wanted. This was influenced by the conditions that accompanied the creation of a new type, and historical features time.
Nekrasov reveals his vision of a public figure, concretizing the deep historical roots of the people's struggle, depicting the spiritual and political connection of the hero with the fate and hopes of the people, systematizing them in the images of specific personalities and individual characteristics biographies.
Characteristics of the hero
The image of the people's defender Grisha Dobrosklonov describes a simple guy from the people who is eager to fight the prevailing social strata. He is on a par with ordinary peasants and is no different from them. Already at the very beginning of its life path he learned about want, hunger and poverty, and realized that these phenomena must be confronted. For him, the order that prevailed in the seminary was the result of an unjust social order. Already during his studies, he realized all the hardships of seminary life and was able to comprehend them.
In the 1860s, seminarians grew up on the works of freedom-loving Russian authors. Many writers emerged from among the student clerics, for example, Pomyalovsky, Levitov, Chernyshevsky and others. Revolutionary hardening, closeness to the people and natural abilities make the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov a symbol of the people's leader. The character of the young seminarian contains characteristic youthful traits, such as spontaneity, shyness, combined with dedication and strong will.
Feelings of a hero
Grisha Dobrosklonov is full of love, which he pours out on his suffering mother, on his homeland and people. The poem even contains a concrete display of his love for common people whom he helps "to the best of his ability." He reaps, mows, sows and celebrates holidays with ordinary peasants. He loves to spend time with other guys, wander through the forest and pick mushrooms.
He sees his personal, personal happiness in the happiness of others, in the joy of the peasants. It is not so easy to defend the humiliated, but Grisha Dobrosklonov does everything to alleviate the fate of the disadvantaged.
Disclosure of the image
Grisha reveals his feelings through songs, and through them shows the way to the happiness of a simple peasant. The first song is addressed to the intelligentsia, which the hero seeks to induce to defend the common people - this is the whole Grisha Dobrosklonov. The characteristics of the next song can be explained simply: he motivates the people to fight, seeks to teach the peasants "to be a citizen." After all, this is precisely the purpose of his life - he longs to improve the life of the poor class.
The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is revealed not only in songs, but also in his noble, radiant hymn. The seminarist devotes himself to glorifying the time when revolution will become possible in Russia. To explain whether there will be a revolution in the future or whether it has already sprouted the first shoots, Nekrasov used the image of the "third day", which is mentioned four times in the poem. This is not a historical detail, the city burned to the ground is a symbol of the overthrow of the fortress foundations.
Conclusion
The realization of the wandering peasants who are trying to figure out who lives well in Russia, how they can use their powers to improve the life of the people, is the result of the poem. They realized that the only way to make people happy is to eradicate the "support", to make everyone free - this is the thought that Grisha Dobrosklonov pushes them to. The characterization of his image emphasizes the existence of two main problem lines: who is "happier" and who is "sinful" - which are resolved as a result. The happiest for Grisha are the fighters for the people's happiness, and the most sinful are the traitors of the people. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a new revolutionary hero, the engine of historical power that will secure freedom.
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