Paintings on mythological genres. Presentation on the topic "mythological genre"

02.08.2019

Mythological genre

(from gr. m уthos - legend) - genre visual arts, dedicated to the events and heroes about which the myths of ancient peoples tell. All peoples of the world have myths, legends, and traditions, and they constitute the most important source artistic creativity. The mythological genre originates in late antiquity and medieval art when Greco-Roman myths cease to be beliefs and become literary stories with moral and allegorical content. The mythological genre itself was formed during the Renaissance, when ancient legends provided rich subjects for the paintings of S. Botticelli, A. Mantegna, Giorgione, and frescoes by Raphael. In the XVII - early XIX centuries The understanding of paintings of the mythological genre is significantly expanded. They serve to embody high artistic ideal (N. Poussin, P. Rubens), bring people closer to life (D. Velazquez, Rembrandt), create a festive spectacle (F. Boucher, G. B. Tiepolo). In the 19th century the mythological genre serves as the norm for high, perfect art(sculpture by I. Martos, paintings by J.-L. David, J.-D. Ingres, A. Ivanov).

Along with the topics

ancient mythology

in the XIX-XX centuries. Themes of Indian myths became popular in art. At the beginning of the 20th century. symbolism and Art Nouveau style revived interest in the mythological genre (M. Denis, M. Vrubel). It received a modern rethinking in the sculpture of A. Maillol, A. Bourdelle, S. Konenkov, and the graphics of P. Picasso. Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

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http://www.allbest.ru/ Municipal educational institution "Lyceum No. 11 named after. T.I.Alexandrova, Yoshkar-Ola" Research

On the topic of: "

Mythological subjects

in painting"

Scientific adviser:

Kosova Svetlana Ivanovna, teacher

drawing and fine arts of the first qualification category.

Student 11 "A" class:

Shparber Ksenia Yoshkar-Ola 2015 Introduction Myth is a legend that embodies the ideas of ancient peoples about the origin of the world and various natural phenomena. Myths tell stories about gods, spirits, deified heroes and ancestors. They arose during primitive society , at the dawn of human existence.. Many questions arose in his head: how did people appear on earth? Why does it thunder and rain? for what reason does the wind blow? etc. Not being able to approach these issues with scientific point From his point of view, the person came up with his own answers that were understandable to him. These answers became myths.

This work is relevant because myths and art are an integral part of culture. The purpose of the work is to prove the statement that myths are an inexhaustible source of creativity for artists of different times and eras. Research objectives: to reveal the concept of myth, to show the history of the development of myth in art, to prove the hypothesis. Objects: Sandro Botticelli “Birth of Venus”, Santi Raphael “Vision of Izzekiel”, Nicolas Poussin “Kingdom of Flora”, Francois Boucher “Jupiter and Callisto”, Karl Bryullov “The Last Day of Pompeii”.

1. Main part

Myth is not only historically the first form of culture, but also changes mental life person. The essence of myth is that it represents the twinning of man with the forces of existence of nature or society. Everything becomes animated, and nature appears as a world of menacing, but akin to man mythological creatures- demons and gods.

In parallel with myth, art existed and operated in the history of culture. Art is an expression of a person’s need for figurative and symbolic expression and experiencing significant moments in his life. Art creates a “second reality” for a person. Involvement in this world, self-expression and self-knowledge in it constitute one of the most important needs of the human soul.

Artists of different eras and styles did not ignore ancient Greek mythology. And although in the Middle Ages painting focused mainly on Christian stories, during the Renaissance, painters with great enthusiasm began to depict mythological subjects on their canvases. In the modern era, against the backdrop of general changes in the fine arts, interest in classical mythological subjects has somewhat dried up, but interest in mythical monsters has revived, the images of which are actively used in contemporary art. Russian painters traditionally turned to the theme Slavic mythology, depicting in his paintings how epic heroes, so mythical creatures Slavic mythology.

First, let's look at a piece of painting from the 15th century. Famous painting artist Sandro Botticelli's "Birth of Venus". Botticelli - Italian painter of the era early Renaissance, representative of the Florentine school, one of the most bright artists Italian Renaissance. The artist wrote “The Birth of Venus” for Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco Medici. The plot of this picture is based on the myth of how the goddess of love was born from the foam of the sea.

Venus, standing in a shell, floats, urged on by Zephyr and Chloris, and Ora, one of the goddess’s companions, comes towards her, holding a veil to envelop her. The whimsical folds of bedspreads and clothes fluttering in the wind, the waves on the sea, the broken line of the shore, the “corrugated” shell of the shell, and finally the flying hair of Venus - all this sets off the smooth outlines of the goddess’s body and enhances the feeling of supreme harmony that her appearance evokes. The characters’ hands almost close above Venus’s head, and it seems as if an arch is overshadowing her, echoed by the rounded bottom of the shell. Thus, the figure of the goddess is closed into an imaginary oval. Venus here is the center to which everything strives.

The beautiful face of the heroine is reminiscent of the faces of Madonnas in Botticelli’s paintings, and therefore in this work the Christian theme sounds through the ancient theme, it was this combination of ancient humanism and Christianity that gave rise to the phenomenon Italian Renaissance.

The next painting by Raphael Santi, “The Vision of Ezekiel,” dates back to the 16th century. This small canvas was painted for a private client. The background of the picture fully corresponds to the biblical description of this vision: “...a stormy wind came from the north, a great cloud and swirling fire, and a brightness around it” (Ezekiel 1:4). In the vision itself, God is depicted floating through the air, supported by “the likenesses of four animals.” tradition with their four winged creatures: a man or angel, a lion, a bull and an eagle, which symbolize in the visual arts the four Evangelists. Exactly this Christian tradition, and not the actual description of Ezekiel’s vision, Raphael followed when painting this picture. The painting is small in size, but it gives an idea of Raphael’s skill in solving such a complex composition. In it, the artist develops a task that is exceptional in its difficulty - to show rapid flight. The figure of the God of Hosts himself is given from a very complex perspective. The pictorial image of God is full of such titanic power, and the movement is conveyed so perfectly that it seems to the viewer as if “The Vision of Ezekiel” is a large canvas, and not a tiny painting, the dimensions of which are barely larger than a miniature. The picture is based on one of the most rich in mythical symbolism biblical subjects.

Next up is a 17th century painting, namely “The Kingdom of Flora” by the famous French artist Nicolas Poussin. The master depicted antiquity as he imagined it. On his canvases, the heroes of antiquity came to life again to perform feats, go against the will of the gods, or simply sing and have fun. Poussin's painting "The Kingdom of Flora" was created based on an ancient legend told by the Roman poet Ovid. This is a poetic allegory of the origin of flowers, which depicts heroes of ancient myths turned into flowers

Heroes who die in the prime of life turn into flowers after death and find themselves in the kingdom of Flora. Human life is interpreted in its inseparability with the life of nature. Strict order reigns in the universe, its laws are reasonable. This is also felt in Poussin’s painting, which is distinguished by the balance of its composition and the beauty of its characters, inspired by images of ancient sculpture. Logic and poetry coexist harmoniously on this canvas. Here he depicts his ideal - a person living united happy life with nature.

In all his works, Poussin expressed the aesthetic ideal of classicism, which is based on the imitation of “decorated nature.” This means that the artist reflected only the sublime, beautiful and perfect in man and life, while ignoring the base, ugly and ugly.

"The Kingdom of Flora" is one of Poussin's paintings, distinguished by its subtle and rich development of color.

An example of mythological subjects in 18th century painting is Francois Boucher’s canvas “Jupiter and Callisto”. In the painting, the artist turned to the “Metamorphoses” of the Roman writer Ovid, who retold the myth of the god Jupiter, who, having fallen in love with the nymph Callisto and wanting to seduce her, took the form of the goddess Diana. The artist interpreted a sensual episode of ancient mythology in a superficial, playful spirit. Graceful, graceful figures of his ancient heroines look like porcelain figurines. Boucher loved light painting and preferred elegant blue, pink and green tones. In the works of Boucher himself, nymphs and Venus appear every now and then. And the names of the works speak for themselves - “The Triumph of Venus”, “The Toilet of Venus”, “The Bathing of Diana”. He knew how to enjoy the beauty of life and encouraged others to do the same. The Rococo style was his native element, here he felt like a fish in water - naturally and organically. Decorativeness, graceful intimacy, boudoir atmosphere, pastel shades- these are the main features artistic style Francois Boucher.

And finally, one of famous paintings The 19th century painting by Karl Pavlovich Bryullov “The Last Day of Pompeii” also belongs to the mythological genre of painting. Karl Bryullov is a famous painter, watercolorist, draftsman. Studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. His work introduced the freshness of romance, vitality, and passion for the beauty of reality into the painting of academic classicism, and this contributed to the development of realism in Russian painting. The painting “The Last Day of Pompeii” brought worldwide fame to the artist. The death of Pompeii in Bryullov’s view is the death of everything ancient world, the symbol of which becomes the most central figure of the canvas - a beautiful woman, who fell to her death from her chariot. Bryullov is shocked inner beauty and the dedication of these people who do not lose human dignity in the face of inevitable disaster. In these terrible moments, they do not think about themselves, but strive to help their loved ones, to protect them from danger. The artist sees himself among the inhabitants of Pompeii with a box of paints and brushes on his head. He is here next to them to help, to support their spirit. But even before his death, the artist’s keen observation does not leave him - he clearly sees human figures perfect in their plastic beauty in the flashes of lightning. They are beautiful not only because of the extraordinary lighting, but also because they themselves seem to radiate the light of spiritual nobility and greatness. Almost six years have passed since that memorable day when, on the streets of lifeless Pompeii, Bryullov had the idea to paint a picture about the death of this ancient city. IN Last year the artist worked so furiously that he was more than once carried out of the workshop in a state of complete exhaustion.

Conclusion

myth art painting Bryullov

The work we have done confirms the hypothesis that myths are an inexhaustible source for the creativity of artists of different centuries and eras. For this purpose, the works of masters from different centuries were examined. A survey was also conducted.

List of information sources

· http://citaty.su/

· http://muzei-mira.com

· http://jivopis.org

· http://www.mifyrima.ru/

· https://ru.wikipedia.org

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How to bring a painting to life

Undoubtedly, in order to depict events that he did not see with his own eyes, the master must have excellent imagination and know the plot of the work on the basis of which he is going to create. In order for the viewer to like the picture, one must skillfully use the brush, then the images that exist in the artist’s head will come to life and turn into a fairy tale in reality. Masters who know how to do this have become famous all over the world. Among the famous names: Botticelli, Vasnetsov, Mantegna, Cranach, Giorgione.

Origin

The mythological genre in art appeared when people stopped believing in what their ancestors told them. Works on the theme of past events became simple stories, in which the existence of their heroes was actually called into question. It was then that artists were able to give free rein to their imagination and depict on canvas the participants in ancient events as they imagined them. The mythological genre in fine art flourished in a special way during the Renaissance. Moreover, in every century, subjects for creativity became different legends, fortunately there was no shortage of them. Initially, the mythological genre involved the depiction of heroes Ancient Greece and events related to their lives. Gradually, in the 17th century, subjects filled with special meaning appeared in the paintings, affecting aesthetic and moral problems, close to life realities. And already in the 19th and 20th centuries, the field of activity of an artist working in such a direction as the mythological genre became especially wide. Celtic, Germanic, Indian, and Slavic myths serve as the basis for the image.

Sandro Botticelli

This painter was the first to use the mythological genre for creation. Before him, subjects of such themes were used for decorative decorations. Private customers placed orders, often inventing themselves what should be depicted and what semantic load it will carry. Therefore, they were understandable only to those who bought such work. It is interesting that the master painted his paintings so that they would be combined with any pieces of furniture or household items. Therefore, the unusual size or shape of his paintings is justified by the fact that, together with the subject for which they were painted, everything looked quite harmonious. Among his works are “The Birth of Venus” and “Spring”. Botticelli also used the mythological genre to paint altars. TO famous works The “Annunciation of Cestello” is also of this kind together with John the Baptist.

Andrea Mantegna

The mythological genre in fine art brought fame to this artist. In particular, his painting “Parnassus” was made in this direction. Only such a connoisseur of antiquity as Mantegna could create such a canvas filled with subtle allegories, some of which are still not solved. The main plot of the picture is the love of Mars and Venus. It was their figures that the artist placed in the center. This is adultery, so Mantegna considered it necessary to reflect the indignation of his deceived husband, Hephaestus. He left his room and stands at the entrance to the forge, sending curses towards the loving couple. Two and Mercury, which contribute to the rapprochement of Mars and Venus, are also present in the picture. In addition, it depicts nine dancing muses who are capable of causing a volcanic eruption with their singing. But to the right of the center of the picture is Pegasus. This winged horse, according to legend, was able to stop the eruption by stamping its hoof.

Giorgione

The master painted several paintings in the mythological genre. Among them is “Sleeping Venus,” which the author was unable to finish because during the creation process he fell ill with the plague and died. Disputes still continue about who completed the painting. Also famous is "Judith". This painting is based on biblical story. This theme occupied other artists, but on Giorgione’s canvas it is depicted as modest, gentle and full self-esteem. She steps on Holofernes' head with her foot. This negative character, but his appearance does not repel the viewer, although at that time negative heroes portrayed as ugly.

Victor Vasnetsov

The creator of canvases on which everyone's favorite fairy tales come to life represents in his works the mythological genre of painting. It’s not for nothing that children really like his paintings. After all, they depict heroes of works of Russian folklore that are beloved and familiar from childhood. The mythological genre allows the artist to show his imagination and depict on canvas what he imagines in his imagination. But Vasnetsov’s works touch the heartstrings of a person so much that they resonate in every heart.

Maybe because he loved and knew how to convey the versatility of Russian nature in his works. Everyone's favorite birch trees cannot help but touch you with their quiet sadness. Everything that a person sees in Vasnetsov’s paintings is familiar to him. Even recognizable, although they could not be seen anywhere before. The master’s works are not just depicted, they teach how clean work should look female beauty, masculinity and heroic strength. Therefore, his work is familiar to everyone. These are such paintings as “The Snow Maiden”, “Alyonushka”, “Bogatyrs”, “Ivan Tsarevich and Gray wolf", "Koschei the Deathless".

Mikhail Vrubel

The mythological genre has become the basis of creativity no less famous painter Mikhail Vrubel. Everyone knows his painting “The Swan Princess,” based on Pushkin’s fairy tale. Although the image is quite mythological, in fact Vrubel portrayed his wife in She Sang in the Opera, for which her husband also painted the scenery. The colors that the master used fill the image with tenderness and lightness. The author tried to convey the moment when the bird turns into beautiful princess. He succeeded quite well. Until now, the magical effect of his paintings makes many people become fans of his work.

The mythological genre is interesting, awakening the imagination not only of the artist, but also of the viewer. And most importantly, there are many sources for inspiration, so the scope for creativity is endless.

Mythological genre

a type of fine art that draws themes from mythologies different nations. The peculiarity of the mythological genre is the free interpretation of legendary plots. It developed in ancient art, and reached its peak during the Renaissance.

Big Dictionary in cultural studies.. Kononenko B.I. . 2003.

See what “Mythological genre” is in other dictionaries:

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- (Zurbaran) (1598 1664), spanish painter Seville school. Strict monumentalism of compositions and images was subtly combined with care in conveying the subject texture, warmth color range, black and white modeling (a series of paintings from life... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

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Lullaby- genre children's folklore household use. Lullabies sung by a mother at the cradle of a falling asleep child under the age of five. In Russian folk culture lullabies are mythological in nature, they contain many mythical characters - Sandman... Fundamentals of spiritual culture ( encyclopedic Dictionary teacher)

ANCIENT GREECE- territory in the south of the Balkan Peninsula (see also the articles Antiquity, Greece). The history of D.G. covers the period from the beginning. II millennium BC to the beginning I millennium AD Geography and ethnography Phaistos disc. XVII century BC (Archaeological Museum in Heraklion, ... ... Orthodox Encyclopedia

MYTHOLOGICAL GENRE

MYTHOLOGICAL GENRE(from the Greek mythos - legend) - a genre of fine art, dedicated to heroes and events about which the myths of ancient peoples tell. All peoples of the world have myths, legends, and traditions, and they are the most important source of artistic creativity in the early stages of their history, starting with primitive art(although the myths that formed the basis of the images known to us often have not reached us). But in eras when mythology was a living, comprehensive, constantly developing phenomenon, one of the foundations national consciousness, she could not stand out as a separate genre different from others. The beginnings of M. arose in late antique and medieval art, when Greco-Roman myths ceased to be beliefs and became literary stories with moral and allegorical content. Actually M. formed during the Renaissance, when ancient legends provided rich opportunities for the embodiment of stories and characters with very complex ethical, often allegorical overtones (paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Andrea Mantegna, Giorgione, frescoes by Francesco Cossa, Raphael). At 17 - beginning. 19th century The range of philosophical, moral, and aesthetic problems reflected in the works of M. Zh. is significantly expanding, either serving to embody a high artistic ideal (paintings by Nicolas Poussin, Peter Powell Rubens), or coming closer to life (paintings by Diego Velazquez, Rembrandt), or creating a festive spectacle (paintings by Francois Boucher, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo). In the 19th century M.f. serves as the norm of high, ideal art (sculpture by Antonio Canova, Bertel Thorvaldsen, I. P. Martos, paintings by Jacques Louis David, Dominique Ingres, A. A. Ivanov), which in the academic salon art of the middle. and 2nd floor. century acquired the character of a cold and lifeless routine, which played a significant role in the revolt of young Russian artists in 1863. Along with the themes of ancient mythology in the 19th - 20th centuries. themes of Germanic, Celtic, Indian, Slavic myths. In the beginning. 20th century Symbolism and Art Nouveau style revived interest in women's art. (Maurice Denis, M.A. Vrubel), which received a modern rethinking in the sculpture of Aristide Mayol, Antoine Bourdelle, S.T. Konenkov, and in the graphics of Pablo Picasso.