Basic knowledge and skills. Special skills and abilities for a resume

Professional skills for a resume are an integral part of the document, most often a separate block. Using them, the employer determines the applicant’s capabilities as an employee of the company. You need to choose them carefully in order to attract the recruiter with whom the further conversation will take place.

What is - Professional skills for resume

Professional qualities are a set of personal qualities and skills that a specialist acquired during. They help to improve in the future and benefit the organization.

Quite often, a resume contains qualities that are only conditionally professional. For example, developed sense humor. If a recruiter is looking for a person to fill a lawyer position, he will not rate this quality highly. But for a corporate event host, he can be considered professional.

Before delving into the definition of professional skills, we recommend that all job seekers, or those who are just about to find a new promising job, take a look at the online course: « New job: strategy, preparation, search.” In three days you will be taught how to present yourself in the best way possible.

What professional skills should I include on my resume?

Basic 3 rules for writing a resume

For description professional knowledge and skills in a selling resume, just follow three principles:

• Conciseness. If you write little information, doubts will appear. If there is an excessive number of points, it will be difficult to read the resume. It is better to choose an average number of skills – 6-9;
• Compliance with the requirements specific vacancy. It is necessary to position yourself at the “executive-manager” level, so that when viewing a resume, the recruiter immediately understands who he is dealing with;
• Presentability. The information in your resume should sound strong and beautiful. You should write specifically. For example, sales experience (5 years in the wholesale department). If you have experience in personnel management, you need to indicate in the document how many people were in the team.

General skills

The employer will definitely appreciate the ability to establish contact with counterparties in written and oral form, achievements in the field of service, organization of the work process, public speaking experience and other abilities. But in any field, employees with high motivation for results, initiative, energy in solving problems, competent speech, speed when making decisions, responsibility. This is what will help

A consultation with Career Vector specialists will show you directions for career growth. Experts will guide and support your actions to achieve new levels.

Applicants often indicate that the candidate must have:

• Technical skills;
• Leadership qualities;
• Marketing skills;
• Experience in organizing and managing processes.

The modern labor market requires new knowledge modern technologies. To get a sought-after internet profession, additional training is often required.

Special Skills

There are special skills that professionals have. The list is general and not suitable for every specialty.

Professional skills in a resume are as follows:

• (specific language and level);
• Knowledge of programming languages;
• Skills business communication(written and oral);
• Efficiency in searching for information;
• Planning;
• Procurement experience;
• Sales analysis;
• Negotiation experience;
• Experience in handling objections;
• Care in preparing reports;
• Willingness to work in a team;
• Independence in decision making;
• Ability to use methods of persuasion;
• Experience with programs (1C, Word, Excel);
• Ability to operate office equipment;
• Experience in telephone sales (“cold”, “hot” calls);
• Collection and preparation of statistical data;
• Direct sales experience;
• Working with commercial proposals;
• Merchandising experience;
• Motivation and training of employees.

Each profession requires certain abilities. It is imperative to indicate them in the appropriate section of the resume. Among the listed skills, you can find those suitable for a specific specialty.

To determine your professional abilities, take the “Career Guidance” test

The optimal number of skills in a resume is 6-9

Examples of skill descriptions

It is important to understand that the list of professional skills in a resume must be consistent with the requirements for a specific position. For example, accuracy can hardly be called mandatory professional quality top manager. But for the secretary it will be a tangible advantage. Therefore, when writing a resume, you should consider how relevant the skill is to your profession.

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An example of a description of the professional skills of a sales consultant

The position of sales consultant attracts many. But not everyone stays in this role for long. For the hot-tempered and conflict people the profession is not suitable. Sanguine and phlegmatic people usually achieve great results in it.

Key skills for a sales consultant resume:

• Ability to interest buyers;
• Ability to handle objections and prevent conflicts;
• Knowledge about products in a particular store (clothing, equipment);
• Individual approach to the buyer, determining his needs and assistance in making a choice.

An example of a description of the professional skills of an accountant

Let's consider what qualities an accountant needs for a resume:

• Punctuality;
• Organization;
• Performance;
• Accuracy.

Skills that need to be indicated in the document:

• Preparation of primary documents;
• Working with large amounts of information;
• Knowledge of the Civil Code, Labor Code and Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
• Knowledge of rules and experience in accounting and tax accounting.

An example of a description of a driver's professional skills

Key skills for a resume could be:

• Driving experience (15 years);
• Knowledge of Moscow and the Moscow region;
• Careful driving style;
• Polite communication with clients;
• License category C, driving experience without accidents – 7 years.

An example of a lawyer's professional skills description

Professional skills and abilities in a lawyer’s resume:

• Knowledge of the Consultant Plus and 1C programs;
• Knowledge of contract, labor and commercial law;
• Experience in using the services “My Arbitrator”, “Card Index of Arbitration Cases”;
• Competent preparation of procedural and legal documentation.

An example of a description of the professional skills of a manager (director)

Skills for a resume for a management position:

• Creating effective activities from “0” commercial service(marketing, sales department)
• Experience in personnel management of up to 1 thousand people (motivation, training, selection and dismissal);
• Market research (analysis of the organization’s competitiveness and customer requests);
• Forecast and implementation of sales plan.

An example of a description of the professional skills of a secretary

Basic skills for a secretary:

• Possession English language(level);
• Knowledge of the basics of office work;
• Experience using MS Office programs;
• Proficiency in office equipment.

Writing a resume online

There are dozens and hundreds of candidates vying for one position, so it’s important to stand out. At this stage, it is impossible to attract attention with personal charm. Therefore, in order to write your professional skills in a non-standard and correct way, you should use original services for writing a resume online:

• Zerply. This social network received high praise among developers and designers, as it will be possible to publish a portfolio there;
• CVmaker. The service is suitable for creating a standard, but stylish resume. It provides six free templates designed in a classic style.
• Each has its own skills, which must be taken into account. After compiling your resume, you should imagine yourself as a manager who needs an employee for your position. Changes should be made until you are satisfied with the result. You don't need to make a very long list, otherwise your resume will be put aside.

You can interest an employer if you immediately write in your resume about what you can do. This will help him determine how quickly you can adapt and understand the nuances of the work. To understand how to write about your skills correctly, you can look at an example of professional skills in a resume. Just be sure to make allowances for your personal experience, employer requirements and specifics of the future position.

Possible professional skills

It is worth understanding that in this section of the resume you need to indicate your main skills. If you do not yet have work experience, you can enter the results of your pre-graduation internship. Almost all resumes can include the following skills:

• working with a PC;
• knowledge foreign languages(indicating your level) - this can be fluency, the ability to perceive written information and translate it with a dictionary;
• ability to analyze documents;
• planning work and organizing the labor process;
• ability to make quick decisions.

But they should be used in cases where you do not have practical experience or any achievements.

Skills for Communication Careers

When sending your resume to an emerging vacancy as a sales consultant, you must describe your experience and indicate what you can do. The seller's professional skills may include the following:

• experience in communication and direct sales;
• ability to adapt and find an approach to the client;
• opportunity to work in stressful situations, under pressure;
• willingness to communicate politely, without imposing one’s own position;
• the ability to step back, but at the same time fulfill your responsibilities;
• ability to solve problems without involving administration.

You need to convince the employer that you can communicate with people and sell products.

But for a psychologist there will be different requirements. You can tell him what he has worked with and what he can do best. He may have the following professional skills:

• diagnostics of personality and relationships;
• solving problems in the team and family;
• conducting tests and interpreting their results;
• conducting trainings;
• solutions to personal growth problems;
• listening, empathy, reassurance;
• finding approaches to each client;
• implementation of psychological rehabilitation measures;
• working with phobias, shocks, stress.

Skills of specialized specialists

The selection of candidates begins with resume assessment. If you want to get an interview, then indicate your main skills, without hoping that a couple of general phrases will be enough. You can look at an example of professional knowledge for a system administrator resume to understand what to include. The following skills can be distinguished:

• practical experience in installing and diagnosing networks;
• providing technical support and working with clients;
• diagnostics of failures and problems;
• experience working with servers, installing them and configuring them for specific tasks;
• monitoring the operation of systems;
• risk planning and development of IT structure restoration schemes;
• ability to work with Windows programs;
• knowledge of technical English;
• installation of equipment, adjustment of its operation;
• control of the appropriate level of information security;
• working with technical documents.

Don't overdo the listing! Too many declared programs may raise doubts about your level of proficiency in each of them. After all, real competence is not acquired even in one month.

But professional skills in an accountant’s resume may look like this:

• maintaining tax and accounting records;
• knowledge of relevant legislation;
• ability to work with accounting entries;
• inventory skills;
• ability to manage primary documents;
• knowledge of the principles of calculating sick leave and payroll;
• skills in writing and submitting reports;
• knowledge of the Client-Bank system and specialized accounting programs;
• ability to carry out mutual settlements, reconciliation acts.

You shouldn't write about skills you don't possess. After all, this can be revealed at an interview or on the first day of work.

To be an employee or head of a legal department, you must be able to work with documents and search for the necessary information.

As a lawyer, the following professional skills are generally expected:

• ability to draw up and analyze submitted contracts;
• Negotiation;
• representation in courts;
• carrying out claim activities;
• drafting legal documents;
• support of the company's activities;
• legal support for the organization’s work;
• representation of the company in government agencies and various authorities;
• ability to work with legal documents And legislative bases presented in electronic form.

Having indicated such skills, be prepared to confirm them at the interview. The employer may ask for specific examples or give you a practical problem that will require these skills to solve.

A good resume should have a focused, presentable and concise summary of skills, knowledge and abilities. This block has at least one important purpose.

Why write about professional skills on your resume?

Your skills are a distillation of your experience. You may have several jobs, serious work experience and a description of the experience may take more than one A4 page. This is a large amount of information and the HR manager will have to study it for a long time to understand whether you fit the requirements of the vacancy or not.

Help the HR manager, do this analytical work for him. This will increase your chances of getting an interview.

The main purpose of a skills list is to show that you are a perfect fit for the job requirements. This is exactly the principle I adhere to when I create a “selling” resume.

What professional skills should you include on your resume?

How to show that you are suitable for a vacancy? There are three rules for describing professional skills and knowledge in a resume:

• Compliance with job requirements.
• Presentability.
• Conciseness.

Compliance with job requirements

Exactly this important rule, which must be followed when writing a resume.

Firstly, position yourself at the “executive-manager” level. Looking at your resume and skills, it should be immediately clear who you are.

In the course of my work, I often have to remove or reformulate many “executive” phrases from the resumes of managers and directors. Correct positioning is an important task.

Secondly, analyze the requirements and responsibilities of vacancies, see the style of phrases and expressions and other nuances. This will help you write professional skills and abilities correctly in your resume. To conduct such an analysis, you just need to find 5-7 interesting vacancies and study them carefully. You can easily copy good wording from job descriptions into your resume.

Presentability

Your skills should sound beautiful and strong. They must sell you, and clear and simple words, facts, figures, professional vocabulary or even jargon.

Here are some examples of professional skills on a resume.

Essentially, you just need to flesh out some skills. Facts are more credible, vocabulary shows your expertise, clarifications describe you better.

Conciseness

• If you write few of your skills, you will get the feeling that you are not an expert.
• If you write a lot, it will be difficult to read the resume, and there is also a risk of falling under the “overqualified” filter.

Common Mistake

Very often I come across a completely wild and faceless list of qualities on a resume:

• Productivity.
• Determination.
• Communication skills.
• Stress resistance.
• Learning ability.
• Initiative.
• And so on.

The sad thing is that almost everyone writes this. This set of qualities, unfortunately, does not guarantee an invitation to an interview and does not make you more valuable in the eyes of HR specialists.

There are two ways to present yourself better.:

1. Delete this entire list and leave only the core job skills.
2. Choose one (the strongest) of your skills and describe it in more detail. If you decide to choose learning ability, write what exactly you mastered quickly - learned Japanese in 6 months, mastered CRM Axapta over a weekend, completed a BMW car repair course in two weeks and passed the exam with 98%. Specifics and facts are important!

Examples of skill descriptions

Below I will give some examples of professional skills and abilities in a resume. I have selected several positions different levels for this.

accountant

• Experience in accounting and management accounting— 6 years (spheres — wholesale, logistics).
• Experience in setting up accounting and tax accounting from scratch.
• Successful experience in passing tax and audit audits.
• Experience in obtaining loans for a company.
• Knowledge of taxation, currency legislation, Tax and Civil Code, RAS, IFRS, INCOTERMS 2000.
• PC knowledge (Office, 1C 7.7, 8.2, 8.3).

Example of description of professional skills sales consultant

• Consulting and serving customers on the sales floor.
• Registration and delivery of online store goods.
• Checking the serviceability of goods.
• Reception and display of goods.
• Handling complaints (returns, accepting goods for warranty repairs).
• Reporting.

An example of a description of a driver's professional skills

• Driving license category B, D.
• Driving experience - 17 years.
• Excellent knowledge of the city and suburbs of Moscow.
• Experience in minor car repairs.
• Experience of traveling to the European Union, knowledge of rules, laws, paperwork.
• Without bad habits(I don’t smoke, I don’t drink).
• Citizenship of the Russian Federation.

An example of a lawyer's professional skills description

• Experience legal support company (7 years in manufacturing).
• Experience in resolving disputes and protecting company interests.
• Experience in pre-trial dispute resolution.
• Knowledge of legal documents (contracts, statements of claim, claims, powers of attorney...).
• Ability to communicate with government agencies and authorities.
• Ability to work with clients.
• Knowledge of current legislation of the Russian Federation.
• English is fluent.

Example of description of professional skills manager (director)

• Higher economic education + EMBA.
• 14 years of experience in production management (wood processing and furniture production).
• Personnel management skills (teams of up to 220 people).
• Thorough knowledge of warehouse logistics and supply.
• Skills in interaction with regulatory authorities (certification, licensing and other tasks).
• Knowledge of laws, rules and regulations of safety, labor protection and environmental standards.
• English language - Upper Intermediate.
• Excellent PC knowledge (specific knowledge of SAP).

Professional skills and personal qualities are mandatory item when filling out an application or for any vacancy. In this section, you have the opportunity to express yourself by telling a potential employer about all your advantages. Some applicants are sure that the professional skills section is considered key. But they are not entirely right. Recruiters pay the same attention to it as they do to personal qualities. And often their inconsistency with a certain vacancy can cause a candidate to be rejected.

Professional skills and personal qualities: what should be avoided?

When filling out these items, follow one simple rule: be sincere. There is no need to invent something that does not exist. The deception will be revealed, and then the employer

will be extremely disappointed. Don’t write that you can, for example, work with Photoshop, although in fact you’ve only opened it a couple of times. Very often, recruiters give test the candidate you like to determine the level of his knowledge, and here you risk getting into trouble. There is also no need to write in the “personal qualities” column, for example, that you are very sociable, sociable and quickly connect with other people mutual language person if this is not true. Another piece of advice: do not write too much or, conversely, too little about yourself in these paragraphs, keep it in moderation.

Professional skills and personal qualities: what should you write?

When listing your professional skills, list only those that are relevant and relevant. For example, if you are writing a resume for a programmer position, then you will not need to indicate that you are good at computers, since this is already implied.

(programmer):

• knowledge of PHP, JavaScript, C++, OOP;
• with MySQL;
• ability to optimize queries and tune databases;
• working with the Zend framework.

Indicate everything you consider necessary. You can also open the requirements for the vacancy (if possible) and add from there everything that applies to you.

The employer is not fully interested in the personal qualities of the candidate. We are talking about what may be required of an employee. For example, write that you are kind and warm-hearted man, is not necessary, since it is not related to work. Here is a list of what you can include in your resume:

• diligence;
• ambition (if we're talking about about leadership positions, vacancies requiring a creative and innovative approach);
• organization (this refers to both self-organization and the ability to organize the work of a team);
• punctuality;
• responsibility;
• sociability (implies several concepts: the ability to quickly establish contact with other people, sociability, talkativeness);
• initiative (the ability to take the situation into one’s own hands and develop new ideas and proposals);
• good learning ability (the ability to quickly absorb new knowledge);
• stress resistance (ability to work under stressful conditions).

Professional skills and personal qualities are two very important points, so treat them extremely carefully and do not try to deceive a potential employer.

Posted On 12/15/2017

Any company strives to find the best employee for each position that requires a number of mandatory professional skills. Fortunately, most job seekers possess these skills in one form or another. Employers determine the capabilities of candidates based on the list of skills they provide, as well as the indicated advantages/disadvantages. Thus, every job seeker must prepare himself for the job search, taking into account all the means of communication that the employer pays attention to. The following means of communication need to be considered: your resume, covering letter and interview.

You can present your skills in the best light and confirm them with previous work experience. In this article we have provided sample list required professional skills that must be indicated in the resume. You can edit this list and add additional skills to your resume to suit your needs. Below is a table with examples of professional skills that you can include on your resume. The table is divided into main professions and the skills they require.

Skills and abilities	Top manager	Sales and Marketing, Customer Service	Programmers, designers, Research and development, teachers
Time management skills	+	+
People management skills	+
Personal communication skills	+	+
Business communication skills	+	+
Oral skills	+	+
Business management skills	+	+
Strategic Thinking	+
Creative thinking	+	+	+
Organizational abilities	+	+
Effective Listening Skills	+	+	+
Decision making ability	+	+	+
Problem solving skills	+	+	+
Negotiation skills	+	+
Ability to work in a team	+	+
Ability to conduct trainings	+
Ability to train others	+
Ability to learn quickly	+	+
Effective Study Skills	+	+
Analytic skills	+	+
Ability to make risky decisions	+	+
Sales skills	+	+
Ingenuity	+	+
Responsibility	+	+	+
Reliability	+	+	+
Creative skills	+	+	+
Determination	+	+	+
Business ethics	+	+
Critical Thinking Skills	+
Customer Service Skills	+	+	+
Perseverance	+	+
Multitasking	+	+
Tact	+	+

Skills to include on your resume

Below are examples of skills and abilities that can be included in a resume.

Key skills - sample for resume

• analytical thinking, ability to plan;
• developed oral and interpersonal communication skills;
• organizational skills, ability to prioritize;
• analyzing problems, using judgment, and being able to solve problems effectively.

Examples of other special skills

Oral and written communication, ability to establish contacts with partners and clients, business development, high level customer service, attention to detail and organization, self-sufficiency and proactiveness, hospitality provided to clients and partners, professional public speaking and presentation skills, ability to conduct effective training with others.

• motivation, initiative, high energy;
• oral communication skills;
• decision making, critical thinking, organization and planning;
• tolerance and flexibility in different situations.

Other skills:

• leadership communication skills;
• business leadership skills;
• technical and technological skills;
• organization skills;
• project management skills;
• marketing and key sales skills.

Examples of professional skills for different professions

Key skills for project managers

• experienced team leader with the ability to initiate/manage different functional teams and multidisciplinary projects;
• critical thinking, decision making and problem solving skills;
• planning and organization;
• excellent interpersonal communication skills;
• Project management skills: influence, leadership, ability to lead, negotiate and delegate authority;
• conflict resolution;
• ability to adapt to conditions;
• stress resistance.

Key skills for teachers

• motivation;
• initiative and high energy;
• developed oral and personal communication skills;
• decision making, critical thinking, organizing and planning skills;
• tolerance and flexibility in different situations.

Key skills for accountants

• analytical thinking, planning;
• accuracy and attention to detail;
• organization, ability to prioritize;
• problem analysis, use of judgment, ability to solve problems effectively.

Key skills for customer service

• developed communication skills;
• problem analysis and solution;
• organizational skills, focus on customer service;
• ability to adapt, ability to work under pressure;
• initiative.

In contact with

Classmates

What professional skills should you include on your resume? Example

The qualities you want to tell your employers about should be clearly stated and not just thrown into the wind. Communication skills/responsibility and creativity - all this, of course, is wonderful, but meaningfully useless.

So, let's go over the skills you keep forgetting to mention. If you don’t know what to write in the “skills” column, there is one more material for you!

Important!

As a reminder, the skills you present to your employer must be directly relevant to the position for which you are applying. Brevity and specificity are the first rule of a resume.

// Leadership

Of course, this is an important skill for anyone involved in managing a company or even working in a team - each team member will sooner or later be faced with the need to take initiative. So, if you know that you can be a leader in a team at some point, then this quality can always be mentioned (and even necessary!).

We write:

you know how to resolve conflicts in a team, are ready to help colleagues, listen to criticism, are ready to lead, take responsibility for the team’s decisions... - everything sounds more specific than “I have leadership qualities.”

// Communication skills

This quality-skill is directly related to leadership. The fact is that you not only need to be able to communicate with people, but also understand that there must be a factor of business relations and mutual benefit between you. When you write “outgoing,” you don’t need to think about the fact that you have great friends and are great friends with your colleagues.

We write:

networking, knowledge of cold calling techniques, building relationships with clients, ability to work in a team.

Important!

It's good (wonderful, great, no price for you) if every skill you mention is supported by an example in your resume that proves that you have it. For example, let’s compare the “outgoing” Ivan or Ivan, who organizes events and has attracted famous speakers using his ability to communicate and search for contacts.

// Organization

Firstly, in Russian, “organization” can have two related meanings: you are organized, punctual, you understand what a “systemic” approach is, or maybe you understand how to organize a lot of people and make the gears turn. So in this case we would advise you:

We write:

organizing events, managing meetings, scheduling, planning (great word for a resume!), time management

// Responsibility

This is only mentioned by those people who just want to tell the employer “you can trust me!” But there are much better ways to prove that you are a responsible employee, for example, by mentioning what you did project activities or that they were engaged in serious financial calculations - everything that had a specific result would be useful to note instead of “responsible”.

We write:

project activities (completed n.

projects), working with clients n., creating an advertising company n.

// Learning ability

We are all trainable. Otherwise they would not be able to talk, write, eat, or walk. This is a normal skill not only for humans, but also for animals. Another unnecessary and too “general” word for your resume.

We write:

independently studied the n. program, mastered the n. programming language, actively attended trainings, created a personal website, desire to use skills in different departments

// Critical thinking

You know that nowadays everyone is a film critic.

Professional skills in a resume

But what in reality - when you need to show the skills of a real analyst, say something after the presentation, everyone suddenly loses their thoughts.

We write:

search for information, ability to analyze n. in n., reporting in n., reviewing

// Stress resistance

This is an irreplaceable, wonderful and very necessary skill. But it’s not really a skill—it’s a character trait, just like communication skills, for example. You can learn to deal with stress, but most likely, when applying this characteristic to yourself, you mean that you can work under pressure, under deadlines and under pressure. fast pace. So say it!

We write:

ability (EXPERIENCE!) to work under deadlines, ability to make quick decisions, knowledge of the market, understanding of competition in the industry, ability to cope with crisis situations

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Introduction

Chapter 1. Knowledge, skills and abilities in the learning process

Chapter 2. Functioning of the triad “knowledge-abilities-skills” in modern didactics

Chapter 3. Practical aspects of acquiring knowledge and skills

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Relevance. As is known, the transition from a state of lack of training to a state of certain training is carried out through mastering a certain amount of knowledge, skills and abilities, and each didactic process has well-defined fundamental capabilities in terms of the quality of their formation in students over a given time.

Until the 80s In the 20th century, it was traditionally believed that the content of specialist training comes down to only these components. Later two more were identified - experience creative activity and the experience of an emotional and value-based attitude to reality.

The formation of general educational skills is one of the priorities modern education, which predetermines the success of all subsequent training.

In new educational standards primary general education the formation of general educational skills and abilities, as well as in various ways activities are given special attention: they are allocated in a separate block both at the level of minimum content and at the level of requirements for the level of preparation of those graduating from primary school.

Questions of general educational skills and abilities in pedagogical science and educational practice have been engaged in for more than a decade, however, the main drawback of modern education, including primary education, is still associated with the inability of schoolchildren to learn.

Teachers primary school so far they are having difficulty moving on to focusing on the new goals of primary education, formulated during the modernization of the structure and content of education: to teach junior schoolchildren learn, shape their educational activities.

As before, the main emphasis is on mastering knowledge, skills and abilities.

The effectiveness of learning will increase noticeably if the student begins to meaningfully work on his development, begins to strive to independently find and eliminate his mistakes - when writing, in speaking, in organizing his own activities. To do this, he needs to learn to research, analyze his own activities in order to identify his mistakes, so as not to make them in the future, and his achievements, in order to record and reproduce them. That is, the effectiveness of training directly depends on the formation and development of general educational skills.

Purpose of the study– consider the problem of forming a mechanism for acquiring knowledge and skills in the learning process.

Research objectives :

1. Consider the features of knowledge, skills and abilities in the learning process.

2. Analyze the functioning of the triad “knowledge-abilities-skills” in modern didactics.

3. Define practical aspects acquisition of knowledge and skills.

Object of study– fundamental characteristics of knowledge and skills in the learning process. Subject of study- determination of the features of the formation in the learning process of the mechanism for acquiring knowledge and skills.

Research hypothesis: we proceeded from the fact that the acquisition of knowledge and skills is a complex process, including mastery of a set of various operations and actions.

1.

Knowledge, skills and abilities in the learning process

Knowledge in teaching is understood as the basic laws of a subject area that allow a person to solve specific production, scientific and other problems, i.e. facts, concepts, judgments, images, relationships, assessments, rules, algorithms, heuristics, as well as decision-making strategies in this area.

Knowledge is elements of information related to each other and to outside world.

Properties of knowledge: structureability, interpretability, coherence, activity.

Structurality is the presence of connections that characterize the degree of comprehension and identification of the basic patterns and principles operating in a given subject area.

The interpretability of knowledge (to interpret means to interpret, to explain) is determined by the content, or semantics, of knowledge and the ways of its use.

Coherence of knowledge is the presence of situational relationships between elements of knowledge. These elements can be interconnected into separate blocks, for example, thematically, semantically, functionally.

Knowledge activity is the ability to generate new knowledge and is determined by a person’s motivation to be cognitively active.

Along with knowledge, there is the concept of data. Although a clear line between data and knowledge cannot always be drawn, there are nevertheless fundamental differences between them.

Data is an element of knowledge, i.e. isolated facts, whose relationships with the outside world and among themselves are not fixed within themselves.

There is a distinction between declarative knowledge - statements about objects of the subject area, their properties and relationships between them, and procedural knowledge - they describe the rules for transforming objects of the subject area. These can be recipes, algorithms, techniques, instructions, decision-making strategies. The difference between them is that declarative knowledge is the rules of communication, while procedural knowledge is the rules of transformation.

• stored (remembered);
• are reproduced;
• are checked;
• updated, including restructured;
• are transformed;
• are interpreted.

Skill is understood as a method of performing an action mastered by a person, provided by a certain body of knowledge.

7 Key Competencies to Look for When Recruiting

Skill is expressed in the ability to consciously apply knowledge in practice.

Skills are automated components of a person’s conscious action that are developed in the process of its implementation. A skill emerges as a consciously automated action and then functions as an automated way of performing it. The fact that this action has become a skill means that the individual, as a result of the exercise, has acquired the ability to carry out this operation without making its implementation his conscious goal.

The strength of knowledge assimilation is one of the goals of training. The result of strong assimilation is the formation of stable knowledge structures that reflect objective reality when students are able to update and use acquired knowledge. However, in practice this goal is not always achieved. Everyone knows the student motto: “Pass (the exam) and forget how.” horrible dream» .

But if knowledge is forgotten, then why waste time (and money) on learning it?

The purpose of training is professional skills and abilities.

Research by psychologists has shown that acquired skills remain forever, and skills last for years, and theoretical (declarative) knowledge is quickly forgotten. However, in many cases, the strength of knowledge acquisition is the goal of intermediate stages of learning.

Modern understanding of mechanisms educational activities, leading to a strong assimilation of knowledge, allows us to formulate a number of recommendations.

IN modern education thinking dominates memory. Students should save their energy, not waste it on memorizing low-value knowledge, and avoid overloading their memory to the detriment of thinking.

Prevent the consolidation in memory of what was incorrectly perceived or what the student did not understand. The student must memorize what has been consciously learned and well understood.

The material requiring memorization should be contained in short rows: what we should carry in our memory should not be of vast dimensions. From the rows to be memorized, exclude everything that the student himself can easily add.

Remember that forgetting what you have learned occurs most intensively immediately after learning, so the time and frequency of repetitions must be consistent with the psychological laws of forgetting. Largest quantity repetitions are required immediately after students are familiarized with new material, i.e., at the moment of maximum loss of information, after which this number of repetitions should gradually decrease, but not disappear completely. It is advisable for students not to time their own reproduction of the material to coincide with the moment immediately following the perception of the material, but to first let it rest for a while. Experimental studies indicate that the best reproduction occurs, for the most part, not immediately after the first perception of the material, but some time (2-3 days) after it.

When intensifying students’ involuntary memorization, do not give direct tasks or instructions: it is better to interest students, and from time to time “stir up” the interest that arises.

Don’t start learning something new without first developing two important qualities: interest and positive attitude to him.

Follow the feed logic educational material. Knowledge and beliefs that are logically connected are absorbed more firmly than scattered information.

Rely on the fact established by science: an important form of strengthening knowledge is its independent repetition by students.

Follow the logic of learning, because the strength of knowledge that is logically interconnected always exceeds the strength of assimilation of scattered, poorly connected knowledge. Provide opportunities for students to review the material with different sides, from different angles of view.

Since the strength of memorizing information acquired in the form of logical structures is higher than the strength of isolated knowledge, knowledge presented in logically integral structures should be consolidated.

In teaching practice, repeated repetition of the presented educational material is often a means of solid assimilation of knowledge. However, relying primarily on mechanical memorization, without a deep awareness of the internal patterns and logical sequence in the system of acquired knowledge, is one of the reasons for formalism in teaching. Memorization and reproduction depend not only on the objective connections of the material, but also on the individual’s attitude towards it (for example, the student’s interest in knowledge). An important condition for the sound assimilation of knowledge is proper organization repetition and consolidation of knowledge. Knowledge acquired independently is most firmly absorbed when performing research, search, and creative tasks.

You can interest an employer if you immediately write in your resume about what you can do. This will help him determine how quickly you can adapt and understand the nuances of the work.

Key skills in a resume: examples

To understand how to write about your skills correctly, you can look at an example of professional skills in a resume. Just be sure to make allowances for your personal experience, the employer’s requirements and the specifics of the future position.

Possible professional skills

It is worth understanding that in this section of the resume you need to indicate your main skills. If you do not yet have work experience, you can enter the results of your pre-graduation internship. Almost all resumes can include the following skills:

• working with a PC;
• knowledge of foreign languages ​​(indicating your level) - this can be fluency, the ability to perceive written information and translate it with a dictionary;
• ability to analyze documents;
• planning work and organizing the labor process;
• ability to make quick decisions.

But they should be used in cases where you do not have practical experience or any achievements.

Skills for Communication Careers

When sending your resume to an emerging vacancy as a sales consultant, you must describe your experience and indicate what you can do. The seller's professional skills may include the following:

• experience in communication and direct sales;
• ability to adapt and find an approach to the client;
• ability to work in stressful situations, under pressure;
• willingness to communicate politely, without imposing one’s own position;
• the ability to step back, but at the same time fulfill your responsibilities;
• ability to solve problems without involving administration.

You need to convince the employer that you can communicate with people and sell products.

But for a psychologist there will be different requirements. You can tell him what he has worked with and what he can do best. He may have the following professional skills:

• diagnostics of personality and relationships;
• solving problems in the team and family;
• conducting tests and interpreting their results;
• conducting trainings;
• solutions to personal growth problems;
• listening, empathy, reassurance;
• finding approaches to each client;
• implementation of psychological rehabilitation measures;
• working with phobias, shocks, stress.

Skills of specialized specialists

The selection of candidates begins with resume assessment. If you want to get an interview, then indicate your main skills, without hoping that a couple of general phrases will be enough. You can look at an example of professional knowledge for a system administrator resume to understand what to include. The following skills can be distinguished:

• practical experience in installing and diagnosing networks;
• providing technical support and working with clients;
• diagnostics of failures and problems;
• experience working with servers, installing them and configuring them for specific tasks;
• monitoring the operation of systems;
• risk planning and development of IT structure restoration schemes;
• ability to work with Windows programs;
• knowledge of technical English;
• installation of equipment, adjustment of its operation;
• control of the appropriate level of information security;
• working with technical documents.

Don't overdo the listing! Too many declared programs may raise doubts about your level of proficiency in each of them. After all, real competence is not acquired even in one month.

But professional skills in an accountant’s resume may look like this:

• maintaining tax and accounting records;
• knowledge of relevant legislation;
• ability to work with accounting entries;
• inventory skills;
• ability to manage primary documents;
• knowledge of the principles of calculating sick leave and payroll;
• skills in writing and submitting reports;
• knowledge of the Client-Bank system and specialized accounting programs;
• ability to carry out mutual settlements, reconciliation acts.

You shouldn't write about skills you don't possess. After all, this can be revealed at an interview or on the first day of work.

To be an employee or head of a legal department, you must be able to work with documents and search for the necessary information.

As a lawyer, the following professional skills are generally expected:

• ability to draw up and analyze submitted contracts;
• Negotiation;
• representation in courts;
• carrying out claim activities;
• drafting legal documents;
• support of the company's activities;
• legal support for the organization’s work;
• representing the company in government bodies and various authorities;
• ability to work with legal documents and legislative frameworks presented in electronic form.

Having indicated such skills, be prepared to confirm them at the interview.

The employer may ask for specific examples or give you a practical task that will require these skills.