Jan davids de hem fruits. One of the best masters of still life Jan Davids de Heem

G. Doe. "The Maid at the Window", ca. 1640, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam

In 1648, the painter became a member of the Guild of St. Luke. In 1660, the Dutch government purchased three paintings from him. Among them is the famous composition “Young Mother” (Mauritshuis, The Hague). All three paintings were presented to Charles II during his visit to The Hague.

At the end of the 1640s, a new motif appeared in the master’s work - the niche motif, which is also found in Rembrandt’s paintings. But in Dow, such an architectural detail plays the role of a “trick.” Often the master places in a niche female figure. This could be a housewife busy with knitting, cooking dinner or washing dishes. Sometimes you can see a doctor in a niche. Such techniques are often just an excuse for displaying a variety of still lifes. It was in the depiction of objects - dishes, household utensils, attributes - that the painter's talent was most manifested. An interesting painting is “The Patient in the Doctor’s Office” (c. 1650, Hermitage, St. Petersburg). Doe depicted the figures of a doctor and a sick woman in the background, and in the foreground - things that are attributes of the medical profession. Books, letters, pestle and mortar, globe, skull, flasks and copper bowl indicate scientific interests owner of the office. And at the same time, all these objects can be seen in still lifes of the vanitas (“vanity of vanities”) type.

Dow's interest in light and shadow effects also comes from Rembrandt. Very often the space of his paintings is illuminated by a single candle. Hence the softened tones and reddish reflections falling on all objects.

G. Doe. "Patient in the doctor's office", ca. 1650, Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Critics who lived at the same time as Dow compared him to the famous Greek painters Zeuxis and Parrhasius. In 1665, an exhibition was held in the house of the artist Hannot Dow's paintings, kept in the collection of the master’s contemporary, Jan de Beye. This was probably the first European personal exhibition. It presented the most significant Dow's work(“A Woman Suffering from Dropsy”, “The Trumpeter”, both in the Louvre, Paris; “Evening School”, State Museum, Amsterdam; "Wine Vault", Art Gallery, Dresden). After the exhibition, the master’s popularity increased enormously, and with it the prices for his paintings.

IN last period Dow's painting style became somewhat different. His works, made at this time, are distinguished by a polished, as if enamel, texture. Soon other painters of the Leiden school turned to this technique. Dou had many students and followers (G. Metsu, J. van Mieris, etc.). Highly valued in previous eras, the artist was unfairly forgotten in the 20th century.

Jan Davids de Heem

(1606–1683/1684)

Jan Davids de Heem became widely known already in mature years. His paintings depicting luxurious fruits and elegant bouquets brought him great success among his compatriots. The artist spent twelve years of his life in Antwerp, thanks to which the Dutch thoroughness and realism of his painting were combined with the baroque splendor of Flemish art.

Dutch artist Jan Davids de Heem was born in Utrecht into an artist's family. He received his first painting lessons from his father, Davids de Heem. Later, master Balthasar van der Ast, who worked in Utrecht, became his teacher. Hem lived and worked in Leiden, Antwerp, and Utrecht. After 1672 he returned to Antwerp, where he spent last years life.

IN early works The influence of various art schools is felt by the master. Mine creative path Hem began with “breakfasts” in the manner of the Haarlem painters. In Leiden, he created still lifes of books in the vanitas genre, which speaks of the influence of Rembrandt's art.

Already at the age of thirty, Hem became acquainted in Antwerp with the work of the Fleming Frans Snyders, who created luxurious colorful still lifes. From that time on, he began to paint paintings depicting bright colors and fruits.

J. D. de Heem and J. B. Venix. "Fruits and a vase of flowers." Fragment, 1655, Hermitage, St. Petersburg

But, despite the pomp and beauty that comes from the art of Flanders, Hem’s still lifes indicate that the Dutch master never ceased to carefully peer at nature. Thus, the paintings “Breakfast” (1640, Louvre, Paris), “Still Life with Lobster” (Wallace Collection, London), “Still Life with Ham, Lobster and Fruit” (c. 1660, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam), striking with Flemish Baroque luxury, at the same time, one admires the careful rendering of the light and shadow environment, which is characteristic of the painting of such famous Dutch masters as P. Claes and V. K. Heda.

In awe of the beauty of the surrounding world, Hem turned to creating big picture“Fruits and a Vase of Flowers” ​​(1655, Hermitage, St. Petersburg). The viewer sees fruits laid out on a bench, including apples, grapes, peaches, as well as nuts, ears of corn and cut melon. Above all this splendor of nature’s gifts, a branch of a mulberry tree rises, and on the left, roses bow their heads from a clay vase. Nearby there is a dish with bright red strawberries.

The landscape background made by the artist Jan Baptist Wenix gives the luxurious still life a special expressiveness. Having had enough of the fruits and flowers, the viewer notices the evening sky, illuminated by the sunset, and the rocks.

Although Hem truly masterfully conveyed the texture of ripe fruits, fading flowers, leaves and ears of corn, the composition seems somewhat overloaded with details.

The painting “Fruits and a Vase of Flowers,” as well as other floral still lifes by Hem, is characterized by a combination of bright decorativeness and rationalism. These are “Flowers in a Vase” (Hermitage, St. Petersburg), “Memento mori. Skull and a bouquet of flowers" (Art Gallery, Dresden), "Fruit and a vase of flowers" (Art Gallery, Dresden). The artist accurately depicts flowers, fruits, various plants and even insects in detail.

J. D. de Heem. "Flowers in a Vase", Hermitage, St. Petersburg

J. D. de Heem. “Fruits”, Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Luxurious bouquets, painted with sonorous colors, have not only aesthetic significance. Each of these still lifes contains a special symbolic meaning. Withering roses, fluttering butterflies and dead snails remind the viewer of the frailty of existence and the inevitability of death.

The Hermitage still life “Flowers in a Vase” is probably one of the most best works Hema. Although this painting is not dated by the artist, it most likely dates from the Antwerp period, as evidenced by the features of Flemish art present in it. Looking at the picture, we understand that only a person with highly developed powers of observation and a subtle artistic sense can convey the characteristics of each flower, be it a lush rose, a fluffy carnation or a delicate, just blossomed tulip.

J. D. de Heem. “Lobster and fruit on the table”, Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Most researchers consider Hem to be the author of the painting “Lobster and Fruit on the Table” (Hermitage, St. Petersburg), although some believe that the painting was painted by his follower Pieter de Ring. Still life is really very interesting. Elongated in width, it shows an elegantly set table against the backdrop of a window through which a piece of a typical Dutch landscape is visible. The artist focuses on two bright spots - a large red lobster in the center of the table and a glass of scarlet wine.

HEEM, Jan Davidsz de (Heem, Jan Davidsz de) 1606, Utrecht - 1684, Antwerp. Dutch painter. Master of still life. He studied with Balthasar van der Ast in Utrecht. He worked in Leiden (1625-1636), Antwerp, where he lived in 1636-1658. and after a short stay in Utrecht in 1669-1672. again in 1672-1684. Susceptible to various artistic movements, de Hem created paintings initially in the spirit of the carefully painted archaic flower and fruit still lifes of Balthasar van der Ast, then in Leiden he turned to the genre of Vanitas (allegory of mortality) still lifes in the manner of a group of artists influenced by Rembrandt. In Antwerp, having gained wide fame, he became close to the traditions of the Flemish still life of F. Snyders and the creator of flower garlands, Daniel Seghers. De Heem's paintings in large horizontal format depicting festive tables, architecture and conventional landscape are filled with expensive utensils and items of a lavish meal. The understanding of the unity of the light and shadow and pictorial environment typical of Dutch still life masters (P. Claes, V. Heda) was combined here with a purely Flemish attraction to the abundance and luxury of earthly goods (Still Life with Dessert, 1640, Paris, Louvre; Still Life with Ham, Lobster and Fruit , ca. 1660, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum). His works, designed primarily to create a spectacular spectacle, lacked, however, the sense of spontaneous fullness of life so typical of Flemish painting. The combination of decorative splendor and dry rationalism distinguishes the floral still lifes that made de Hem famous, combining numerous plants blooming in a complex, skillfully constructed composition. different time year, with carefully depicted smallest details, including all kinds of insects - flies, butterflies, caterpillars, dragonflies, etc. Endowed with a subtle sense of color, de Hem’s luxurious bouquets not only gave aesthetic pleasure, but also immersed the contemporary viewer into the world polysemantic symbolic images, associated with the idea of ​​frailty, the transience of everything earthly, blossoming and withering, life and death (Fruit and a Vase of Flowers; Memento Mori, Skull and a Bouquet of Flowers, both - Dresden, Picture Gallery; Fruits and a Vase of Flowers, 1655, Flowers in a Vase, both - St. Petersburg, State Hermitage). High culture floriculture in Holland, the love of flowers, their hidden religious and secular language of allegory contributed to the exceptional success of this genre in various circles of society; the works of de Heem, his students and followers, who painted pictures based on the master’s sketches, were widely distributed in the art centers of Holland and Flanders.

Self-Portrait

Jan Davidsz de Heem ; April 1606, Utrecht - 1683/1684, Antwerp) - Dutch artist and son of the artist David de Heem, the most significant representative of the de Heem family

He studied with Balthasar van der Ast in Utrecht. He worked in Leiden (1625-1636), Antwerp, where he lived in 1636-1658 and after a short stay in Utrecht in 1669-1672 and again in 1672-1684.

Receptive to the influence of various artistic movements, de Hem created paintings initially in the spirit of the carefully painted archaic flower and fruit still lifes of Balthasar van der Ast, then in Leiden he turned to the genre of Vanitas (allegory of mortality) still lifes in the manner of a group of artists influenced by Rembrandt. In Antwerp, having gained wide fame, he became close to the traditions of the Flemish still life painter Frans Snyders and the creator of flower garlands, Daniel Seghers.

De Heem's large horizontal format paintings depicting festive tables, architecture and conventional landscapes are filled with expensive utensils and items of a lavish meal. The understanding of the unity of the light and shadow and pictorial environment, typical of Dutch still life masters, was combined here with a purely Flemish attraction to the abundance and luxury of earthly goods.

His works, designed primarily to create a spectacular spectacle, lacked, however, the sense of spontaneous fullness of life so typical of Flemish painting. The combination of decorative splendor and dry rationalism distinguishes the floral still lifes that made de Hem famous, combining in a complex, skillfully constructed composition numerous plants blooming at different times of the year, with carefully depicted smallest details, including all kinds of insects - flies, butterflies, caterpillars, dragonflies and etc. Endowed with a subtle sense of color, de Hem’s luxurious bouquets not only gave aesthetic pleasure, but also immersed the contemporary viewer into the world of multi-valued symbolic images associated with the idea of ​​frailty, the transience of everything earthly, blossoming and withering, life and death. The high culture of floriculture in Holland, the love of flowers, their hidden religious and secular language of allegory contributed to the exceptional success of this genre in various circles of society; the works of de Heem, his students and followers, who painted pictures based on the master’s sketches, were widely distributed in the art centers of Holland and Flanders.

Bouquet of flowers in a glass vase (Still Life with Flowers in a Glass Vase)Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum

Still Life (Still Life) Madrid, Prado Museum

A Banqueting Scene New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Still life with dessert_Paris, Louvre

Fruits and a richly served table (Fruits et riche vaisselle sur une table) Paris, Louvre

Still life with a silver glass

Garland of Fruit and

Luxurious fruit still life(Sumptuous Fruit Still Life)The Hague, Royal Gallery Mauritshuis

Vegetables, fruits and flower cartouche with Berkemeier (Fruchte und Blumenkartusche mit Weinglas) Berlin, Old Masters Gallery

Still life with ham, lobster and fruit Rotterdam, Boijmans van Beuningen Museum

Still life with fish, shrimp, onion, lemon, cherry and other objects Private collection

Still Life with Oysters and Grapes (Still Life with Oysters and Grapes) Los Angeles, LACMA Museum

Fruit and a Vase of Flowers St. Petersburg, Hermitage

Vase of Flowers, Washington, National Gallery

Still Life (Still Life) London, National Gallery

Flowers in a glass Vase with Fruit Madrid, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

Garland of flowers and fruits (Festoen van vruchten en bloemen)Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum

Vase of Flowers, The Hague, Royal Gallery Mauritshuis

A festoon of fruit and flowers in a marble niche (a festoon of fruit and flowers in a marble niche)Private collection

Bouquet of flowers in a glass vase on a stone ledge with a pipe, oysters and orange Private collection

Still life with mushrooms and fruits in a landscape (A hare, ducks, other fowl and a brace of hounds, in a fore)

Still life with a box, oysters, fruit, fried chicken, silver jug ​​and other objects Private collection

Still life with lemon, oyster, plums, glass of wine and other objects Private collection

Still life with lobster, fruit, glass glasses, silver tazza and other objects Private collection

Still life with peeled lemon (Nature morte au citron pele)Paris, Louvre

Still life with a peeled lemonPrivate collection

Still life with shells, oysters, fruit, ham, gilded goblet and other objects Private collection

Still life with Roemer, chestnuts on a tin dish, bread, oranges and other objects Private collection

Still life with oysters, crayfish on a tin plate, fruit, gilded goblet and other objects Private collection

Still life with fruit (Stilleben med frukter)Private collection

Still life with fruit and lobster (Stillleben mit Fruchten und Hummer)Berlin, Old Masters Gallery

Still Life with Lemons Pomegranates and Grapes on a TablePrivate collection

Still life with fruit, a glass of wine and a mug of beer on a partially draped table. Private collection

Still life with fruit, oysters, gilded cup and other objects Private collection

Still life with bread, oysters, crayfish, pipe, mug of beer and glass of wine Private collection

Nautilus, roemer, fruit, oysters by the window overlooking the vast landscape Private collection

Fruit in a porcelain bowl, oysters and nuts on a stone ledge Private collection

Flowers in a Vase, St. Petersburg, Hermitage

Flowers in a glass vase on a draped table with silver tazza, fruit, insects and birds. Private collection

Flowers in a glass bowl on a stone ledge with butterfl)Private collection

Flowers in a glass vase on a marble pediment Private collection

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, Utrecht - / , Antwerp) is a Dutch artist and son of the artist David de Heem. Supposedly a student of Balthasar van der Ast.

For some time the artist worked in Leiden, in the city he joined the Antwerp Guild of Artists and next year became a citizen of Antwerp. Around the city he returned to Utrecht, where he was from, and in the city he fled to Antwerp from the French who had captured the city.

De Heem received universal recognition thanks to his magnificent images of flowers and fruits. Image detail down to the smallest details he combined with a brilliant choice color range and refined taste in composition. He painted flowers in bouquets and vases, in which butterflies and insects often fluttered, flower wreaths in niches, windows and images of Madonnas in gray tones, garlands of fruit, still lifes with glasses filled with wine, grapes and other fruits and products. Hem masterfully used the possibilities of color and achieved high degree transparency, his images of inanimate nature are completely realistic. His paintings are in almost all major art galleries.

Son of Jan de Heem Cornelis, born in April in Leiden, studied painting with his father, worked in The Hague and Antwerp, died in May 1695. He painted still lifes with flowers and fruits in the style of his father.

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Excerpt characterizing Hem, Jan Davids de

The count jumped up and, swaying, spread his arms wide around the running girl.
- Oh, here she is! – he shouted laughing. - Birthday girl! Ma chere, birthday girl!
“Ma chere, il y a un temps pour tout, [Darling, there is time for everything,” said the countess, pretending to be stern. “You keep spoiling her, Elie,” she added to her husband.
“Bonjour, ma chere, je vous felicite, [Hello, my dear, I congratulate you,” said the guest. – Quelle delicuse enfant! “What a lovely child!” she added, turning to her mother.
Black-eyed, with a big mouth, ugly, but live girl, with her childish open shoulders, which, shrinking, moved in her bodice from fast running, with her black curls clumped back, thin bare arms and small legs in lace pantaloons and open shoes, was at that sweet age when the girl is no longer a child , and the child is not a girl yet. Turning away from her father, she ran up to her mother and, not paying any attention to her strict remark, hid her flushed face in the lace of her mother’s mantilla and laughed. She was laughing at something, talking abruptly about a doll that she had taken out from under her skirt.
– See?... Doll... Mimi... See.
And Natasha could no longer speak (everything seemed funny to her). She fell on top of her mother and laughed so loudly and loudly that everyone, even the prim guest, laughed against their will.
- Well, go, go with your freak! - said the mother, feigning angrily pushing her daughter away. “This is my youngest,” she turned to the guest.
Natasha, taking her face away from her mother’s lace scarf for a minute, looked at her from below through tears of laughter and hid her face again.
The guest, forced to admire the family scene, considered it necessary to take some part in it.
“Tell me, my dear,” she said, turning to Natasha, “how do you feel about this Mimi?” Daughter, right?
Natasha did not like the tone of condescension to childish conversation with which the guest addressed her. She did not answer and looked at her guest seriously.
Meanwhile, all this young generation: Boris - an officer, the son of Princess Anna Mikhailovna, Nikolai - a student, the eldest son of the count, Sonya - the count's fifteen-year-old niece, and little Petrusha - the youngest son, all settled in the living room and, apparently, tried to keep within the boundaries of decency the animation and gaiety that still breathed from every feature of them. It was clear that there, in the back rooms, from where they all ran so quickly, they were having more fun conversations than here about city gossip, the weather and Comtesse Apraksine. [about Countess Apraksina.] Occasionally they glanced at each other and could hardly restrain themselves from laughing.

It's time to look at the work of Jan Davids de HEMA. He was a student of Balthasar van der Ast. De Geem is widely recognized the greatest master still life in Holland. In the third quarter of the 17th century, Jan Davids de Heem is a central figure in the painting of fruits and flowers.

Jan Davids de Heem 1606-1684 Self-portrait.

He combined the detail of the image with a brilliant choice of colors and refined taste in composition.

Still life with a flower vase. OK. 1645.

He painted flowers in bouquets and vases, in which butterflies and insects often fluttered, flower wreaths in window niches, garlands of fruit, still lifes with glasses filled with wine, grapes and other fruits and products.

Sometimes flowers and fruits hang in clusters and are tied with ribbon.

Bouquet of flowers and fruits.

Hem masterfully used the possibilities of color and achieved a high degree of transparency; his images of inanimate nature are completely realistic. His paintings are in almost all major art galleries.

Richly set table and parrot

Dutch painter. Born in Utrecht.He worked in Leiden, Antwerp, and Utrecht. De Heem's large horizontal format paintings depicting festive tables, architecture and conventional landscapes are filled with expensive utensils and items of a lavish meal.

Garland of flowers and fruits with a portrait of Prince William III of Orange

The understanding of the unity of the light and shadow and pictorial environment typical of Dutch still life masters (Pieter Claes, Willem Heda) was combined in the work of Jan Davids de Heem with a purely Flemish attraction to the abundance and luxury of earthly goods. Some of the best still lifes are considered:

"Still Life with Dessert", 1640, Louvre Museum, Paris;

Henri Matisse really liked this still life. He made two copies of it.

An abundance of fruits and exotic treats is interspersed with a selection of richly decorated goblets, jugs, and wine bottles on a lushly set table. This luxurious spectacle glows with wasteful, generous, sensual colors and although it appears random, it is actually arranged with great care.

This painting is a pure celebration of the senses.

"Still Life with Lobster", 1634, City Museum, Stuttgart;

"Still Life with Ham, Lobster and Fruit", circa 1660, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum).

OTHER STILL LIFE:

Still life with fruit and lobster.

Vase with Flowers.

Garland of fruits and flowers.Detail.

Vase with Flowers.

Fruits.

His still lifes are filled with air and diagonally flowing light.
He loved to depict lush bouquets or luxurious compositions of flowers and fruits.

Flower bouquet in a glass vase,

Large still life with a bird's nest.

Endowed with a subtle sense of color, de Hem's luxurious bouquets not only gave aesthetic pleasure, but also immersed modern viewer into the world of multi-valued symbolic images associated with the idea of ​​frailty, the transience of everything earthly, blossoming and withering, life and death

Still life

Still life with parrots, flowers and fruit

The artist’s still lifes impress with their abundance and luxury, harmoniously combined with the chiaroscuro unity of the picturesque environment.

Still life with flowers and fruit.

Glass vase with flowers including roses, tulips, and thistles, snail, butterflies and caterpillars.

Fruit composition

Still life with musical instruments

Combining Flemish precision with geometric rigorLanders, Hem created the originala style that stands out in the ant traditionWerpen school. Worked togetherwith his sons Jan and Kornelicatfish, as well as his grandson DavidCornelis and a large workshop, heinfluenced such artistslike A. Mignon, J. B. Lust, Joris andJan van Son, Gillemans, Kosemans, Jan van den Hecke.