Who was the main character of the master's novel. Master, the protagonist of the novel "The Master and Margarita"

07.04.2019

The novel "The Master and Margarita" is the central work of M.A. Bulgakov. It has an interesting artistic structure: the action of the novel unfolds in three different planes. Firstly, this is the realistic world of Moscow life in the thirties, secondly, the Yershala-Imsky world, which transports the reader into distant times and the events described in the Bible, and, finally, thirdly, this is the fantastic world of Woland and his retinue.

B.V. Sokolov, in the book “Roman M. Bulgakov“ The Master and Margarita ”(Moscow, 1991), traces the connections between characters belonging to different plans: Pilate - Woland - Stravinsky - find director of Variety Rimsky; Afrany - Fagot-Koroviev - doctor Fedor Vasiliev, assistant to Stravinsky - administrator of the Varenete Varenukha; Mark Ratslayer - Azazello - Archibald Archibaldovich - director of the Likhodeev Variety; Banga - hippopotamus - Tuzbuben - a cat detained by an unknown person in Armavir; Niza - Gella - Natasha - neighbor of Berlioz and Likhodeev Annushka - Plague; Kaifa - Berlioz - unknown in Gorgsin, posing as a foreigner, - entertainer of the Variety Georges Bengalsky; Judas - Baron May-gel - Alois Mogarych - Timofey Kvastsov, tenant of the house 302-bis; Levi Matvey - Ivan Homeless - Alesander Riukhin - Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy. A characteristic feature of the development of the plot in the novel is the violation of cause-and-effect relationships (suddenness, absurdity, inconsistency). The ostentatious gaiety actually turns into a tragedy.

The original names "Black Magician", "Engineer's Hoof", "Consultant with a Hoof" focused on the image of Woland. The purpose of M.A. Bulgakov to images evil spirits is that this technique helps the writer to expose the times personal problems contemporary society, as well as open the eyes of the reader to the duality human nature... Woland appears in Moscow to test morality, people, to make sure whether the world has changed over the centuries-old path that mankind has passed or the Nativity of Christ and the events that are described in the ruff-laim chapters of the work. The system of images of the novel is subordinated to the threefold artistic space.

The novel begins in Moscow, at Patriarch's Ponds, where the chairman of the board of one of the largest Moscow literary associations MASSOLIT, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Berlioz, and the young poet Ivan Bezdomny meet. Subtle Bulgakov's irony permeates every chapter of the novel. Already in its first paragraphs, there is a parody of both the fashionable in those years and sometimes awkward abbreviations, and of the literary pseudonyms that emphasized belonging to the class of disadvantaged literary pseudonyms (Demyan Bedny, Maxim Gorky).

A particularly poignant satirical moment in this scene is the analysis of the anti-religious poem of Homeless, the main drawback of which was that Jesus turned out in it "well, just like a living, although not attracting character." M.A. Bulgakov masterfully exposes here the low-quality essence of commissioned works, when the author was forced to take on one topic or another, having poor command of necessary material, and most importantly - to carry out the task imposed on him. At the same time, the most basic copyright was actually violated - the right to freedom of creativity. In support of the absurdity a similar situation Bulgakov immediately arranges for Berlioz to meet with a certain foreigner who argues with him about the existence of God. Moreover, as proof of his innocence, the stranger predicts the death of the chairman of MASSOLIT. It is noteworthy that during the conversation the cruel realities of the thirties inevitably emerge: Ivan Homeless exclaims that Kant should be exiled to Solovki.

The "foreigner" amazes the interlocutors both by taking out of his pocket Berlioz's favorite cigarettes and by the fact that at a distance he hears the conversation between the characters. Focusing the reader's attention on unusual abilities this character, M.A. Bulgakov hints at the connection of this image with evil spirits. The portrait of this person seems to be quite unusual: "The right eye is black, the left eye is green for some reason." So it is introduced into artistic structure Woland's works are one of the key characters in the novel. It soon turns out that this hero is not acting alone. He is helped by no less mysterious characters: Fagot-Koroviev and the cat Behemoth. Then Satan's retinue expands further. It includes Azazello, Gella, as well as numerous sinners invited to the ball. Characteristic feature The portrayal of evil spirits in the novel is the ability to reincarnate. So, for example, no one can remember how Woland really looks, and the surname itself is not remembered in any way ("Washner? Wagner? Weiner? Wegner? Winter?").

M.A. Bulgakov makes extensive use of colorful Moscow toponymy in the novel. Bronnaya, Patriarch's Ponds, Nikitsky Gate, Arbat, Alexandrovsky Garden - all these memorable names recreate the image historic center capital Cities. But the author is no less interested in the life of the Muscovites themselves. The most striking fragment of the novel in this regard is the scene in which human greed is revealed and subsequently exposed: in the Variety Theater, Woland shows tricks during which the audience happily agree to exchange old outfits for new ones. At the same time, they quarrel, rush to the stage for gifts and do not even hide their insatiable greed. Towards the curtain, women grab their shoes without any fitting. During the so-called "rain of money" the audience happily grabs the gold pieces falling into their hands and even fights for them. After a while, the inevitable punishment for greed followed: fashionable clothes disappear, and money turns into bottle labels and cut paper. The scene of waiting for Berlioz at the meeting of the board of MASSOLIT is also incriminating. It can be seen as a direct parody of the Writers' Union, and the name of the Perelygino dacha village clearly hints at the famous Peredelkino village. All conversations among writers boil down to who has received or is worthy to receive a dacha. So, in a bizarre mixture of the real and the fantastic, the truth is revealed: for many centuries people have not changed, and have not learned to love their neighbor.

Along with debunking false values(money and all kinds of material goods), M.A. Bulgakov claims in the pages of the novel true values: love and creativity. Images symbolizing these two beginnings are included in the title of the work. The figure of the Master - a person-creator, for whom writing becomes the most important thing in life - is close to the image of the author himself. No less important in the novel is Margarita - a woman who is ready for any deeds and suffering in the name of love.

In connection with the development of the theme of creativity in the work, an important place is given to the fate of the novel written by the Master. Having created a wonderful work, the author could not fight for it further destiny... He burned the manuscript. Perhaps that is why in the finale the hero deserves not light, but peace.

In the reasoning of M.A. Bulgakov's about good and evil, about lies and truth, the Yershalaim chapters of the novel play a significant role. The central figure in them is the image of Christ, who wishes well even to his tormentors. However, along with spiritual softness, Ha-Nozri demonstrates both strength of character and persistence of convictions. Believing in the natural goodness of man, he believes that everyone who is mistaken and confused can be guided on the path of truth. Ha-Nozri leads the life of a wandering philosopher. In his mouth M.A. Bulgakov puts in aphoristic phrases that testify to the depth of wisdom and insight of the hero ("The truth is easy and pleasant to speak," "All power is violence against people and ... the time will come when there will be no power of either the Caesars or any other power. will pass into the kingdom of truth and justice, where no power will be needed at all ").

Central storyline the novel is the line of the master and Margarita. It is no coincidence that these images are emphasized by the very title of the novel. M.A. Bulgakov emphasizes that Margarita was an intelligent and beautiful woman, did not need money, but did not consider herself happy. “What did this woman need, in whose eyes some kind of incomprehensible light always burned? - the author writes. And he himself answers this question: “Obviously, not gothic mansion, and not a separate garden, and not money. She loved him, she spoke the truth. "

The love line in the novel is emphasized by the motive of the dream. The heroine sees an unknown area, which M.A. Bulgakov describes it as hellish: not a breath of breeze, not a stirring of a cloud, not a living soul. Among this desert area, Margarita sees a master. He is torn off, unshaven, his hair tousled.

The author deliberately emphasizes the material wealth in which a woman lives: a mansion, a luxurious apartment, a housekeeper. However, the most expensive for her turns out to be a photographic card of the master and a notebook spoiled by fire.

Having received a magic cream and lipstick from Azazello, Margarita agrees to turn into a witch and, leaving her husband a farewell note, flies away.

Arriving on a brush in the apartment of the critic Latunsky, trying to avenge the master, Margarita arranges a real pogrom in it (throws the inkwell on the bed, pours water into the drawers of the writing desk, breaks the mirror cabinet).

Bulgakov describes in detail the flight of Margarita in the moonlight, the participation of the heroine in the scene of the ball at Woland's. At the end of the novel, the Master and Margarita unite and leave through the rocky bridge to the eternal home.

An important role in the novel by M.A. Bulgakov plays a landscape. V key scenes works the author focuses the reader's attention on the appearance of the moon or sun. These luminaries emphasize the eternal, timeless nature of what is happening, give special significance to these chapters of the work. The unnatural character of Pilate's condemnation of Ha-Nozri emphasizes artistic detail: at the thought that immortality has come, the procurator grows cold in the sun. The whole horror of the events is conveyed through the landscape: “The bush weighed down with roses has disappeared, the cypresses bordering the upper terrace, and the pomegranate tree, and the white statue in greenery, and the greenery itself, have disappeared. Instead of all this, some kind of crimson thickets swam, algae swayed in it and moved somewhere, and Pilate himself moved with them. " During the execution of Yeshua, a severe thunderstorm is approaching the city, which ends with an unprecedented downpour. It seems to symbolize the universal flood - the wrath of the heavens themselves.

Woland's Moscow antics invariably accompanies Moonlight... It is no coincidence that Berlioz at the last moment of his life sees the moon falling to pieces.

Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" mystical story love, arousing genuine interest in the fate of the main characters. The image and characteristics of Margarita in the novel The Master and Margarita plays a significant role in the work. A topic is associated with the name of Margarita true love, freedom, fidelity.

Full name the main character novel - Margarita Nikolaevna. The last name is unknown.

Appearance

Bulgakov did not describe Margarita's appearance in detail. He tried to draw attention not to external beauty women, but to the inner state of the soul. Focusing on the timbre of the voice, movements, manners, laughter, it can be assumed that she beautiful woman.

"She was beautiful and smart ..."

Her deep, chesty voice had velvet notes that soften the timbre of the sound.
One eye of Margarita slightly squinted, which gave her image a devilish twist.

"A witch who squints in one eye ..."

Easy curling on short hair... Snow-white smile. Perfect manicure with sharp nails at the ends. The eyebrows were plucked like a thread, professionally and fit her face very well.

Margarita dressed stylishly, not defiantly. Elegant and well-groomed. She attracted attention, no doubt, but not by her appearance, but by sadness and hopeless longing in her eyes.

Biography

As a young girl, at the age of 19, Margarita jumped out to marry a wealthy man. Married for ten years. Childless.

“Childless 30-year-old Margarita”.

The woman was lucky with her husband. He is ready to carry his beloved in his arms, to fulfill all whims, to anticipate desires. Young, handsome, kind and honest. Anyone dreams of such a husband. Even the management of the household he left on the shoulders of the housekeeper he hired. Stability, prosperity, but, despite this, Margarita is unhappy and lonely. "

She was happy? Not a single minute! .. "

Character. Personality of Margarita

Margarita is smart, educated. Woland (Satan) immediately appreciated her intelligence.
She is decisive. Her actions testified to this more than once. With her inner flair, intuition, Margarita accurately determined what kind of person was in front of her. Unhappy, merciful. She always helped those who needed help. Doesn't throw words to the wind. Proud and independent. From bad habits smoking can be distinguished. She smoked often, and overcome this addiction could not.

Meeting with the Master

Their meeting was accidental. She walked down the street with a bouquet yellow flowers brooding and lonely. He, obeying some secret sign, followed. She spoke first. As the Master said, it was love at first sight.

"Love jumped out between us, like a murderer jumps out of the ground ... and struck both of us at once ..."

For the first time, Margarita was truly happy. She loved and it was so new to her. For his sake, the woman was ready for anything. To endure hardships, to share joys and sorrows, to endure hardships that have befallen them.

She sold her soul for the sake of her beloved. Was able to forgive when he disappeared. Stayed true to the last. He was everything to her. Margarita could not imagine life without him.

Meeting with Woland

For six months she did not know anything about the Master. He seemed to have sunk into the water. Only Woland could help return his beloved. To do this, she had to make a deal with him.

She is to act as Satan's queen of the ball. Margarita had to become a witch. Satan was pleased with the new queen and in return promised to fulfill any desire. She dreamed of seeing the Master so that everything would return to its place. Basement, romance, He and She.

Eternal happiness

They stayed together forever. Not in this world, in another, having earned eternal rest for love and loyalty to each other.
Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" is a mystical love story that arouses genuine interest in the fate of the main characters. The image and characteristics of Margarita in the novel The Master and Margarita plays a significant role in the work. The theme of true love, freedom, fidelity is associated with the name of Margarita.

The full name of the main character of the novel is Margarita Nikolaevna. The last name is unknown.

Appearance

Bulgakov did not describe Margarita's appearance in detail. He tried to draw attention not to the external beauty of a woman, but to the inner state of the soul. Focusing on the timbre of her voice, movements, manners, laughter, one can assume that she is a beautiful woman.

"She was beautiful and smart ..."

Her deep, chesty voice had velvet notes that soften the timbre of the sound.
One eye of Margarita slightly squinted, which gave her image a devilish twist.

"A witch who squints in one eye ..."

Light curling on short hair. Snow-white smile. Perfect manicure with sharp nails at the ends. The eyebrows were plucked like a thread, professionally and fit her face very well.

Margarita dressed stylishly, not defiantly. Elegant and well-groomed. She attracted attention, no doubt, but not by her appearance, but by sadness and hopeless longing in her eyes.

Biography

As a young girl, at the age of 19, Margarita jumped out to marry a wealthy man. Married for ten years. Childless.

“Childless 30-year-old Margarita”.

She was happy? Not a single minute! .. "

Character. Personality of Margarita

Margarita is smart, educated. Woland (Satan) immediately appreciated her intelligence.
She is decisive. Her actions testified to this more than once. With her inner flair, intuition, Margarita accurately determined what kind of person was in front of her. Unhappy, merciful. She always helped those who needed help. Doesn't throw words to the wind. Proud and independent. Smoking can be distinguished from bad habits. She smoked often, and could not overcome this addiction.

Meeting with the Master

Their meeting was accidental. She walked down the street with a bouquet of yellow flowers, pensive and lonely. He, obeying some secret sign, followed. She spoke first. As the Master said, it was love at first sight.

"Love jumped out between us, like a murderer jumps out of the ground ... and struck both of us at once ..."

She sold her soul for the sake of her beloved. Was able to forgive when he disappeared. Stayed true to the last. He was everything to her. Margarita could not imagine life without him.

Meeting with Woland

For six months she did not know anything about the Master. He seemed to have sunk into the water. Only Woland could help return his beloved. To do this, she had to make a deal with him.

Eternal happiness

They stayed together forever. Not in this world, in another, having earned eternal rest for love and loyalty to each other.

The Master and Margarita is Bulgakov's legendary work, a novel that became his ticket to immortality. He thought, planned and wrote the novel for 12 years, and he underwent many changes, which are difficult to imagine now, because the book has acquired an amazing compositional unity. Alas, Mikhail Afanasyevich did not have time to finish the work of his whole life, no final amendments were made. He himself assessed his offspring as the main message to humanity, as a testament to descendants. What did Bulgakov want to tell us?

The novel reveals to us the world of Moscow in the 1930s. The master, together with his beloved Margarita, writes a brilliant novel about Pontius Pilate. He is not allowed to publish, and the author himself is overwhelmed by an overwhelming mountain of criticism. In a fit of despair, the hero burns his novel and ends up in a psychiatric hospital, leaving Margarita alone. In parallel with this, Woland, the devil, arrives in Moscow, along with his retinue. They wreak havoc in the city, such as sessions of black magic, performances at the Variety and Griboyedov, etc. The heroine, meanwhile, is looking for a way to get her Master back; subsequently makes a deal with Satan, becomes a witch and is present at the ball with the dead. Woland is delighted with Margarita's love and devotion and decides to return her beloved. A novel about Pontius Pilate also rises from the ashes. And the reunited couple retires into a world of peace and tranquility.

The text contains chapters from the Master's novel itself, telling about the events in the Yershalaim world. This is the story of the wandering philosopher Ha-Nozri, the interrogation of Yeshua by Pilate, the subsequent execution of the latter. The inserted chapters are of direct importance to the novel, since understanding them is the key to uncovering the author's idea. All parts form a single whole, closely intertwined with each other.

Topics and problems

Bulgakov on the pages of the work reflected his thoughts about creativity. He understood that the artist is not free, he cannot create only at the behest of his soul. Society fetters him, ascribes a certain framework to him. Literature in the 30s was subjected to the strictest censorship, books were often written under the order of the authorities, a reflection of which we will see in MASSOLIT. The master was unable to obtain permission to publish his novel about Pontius Pilate and his stay among literary society of that time he spoke as of a living hell. The hero, inspired and talented, could not understand his members, corrupt and absorbed in petty material concerns, and they, in turn, could not understand him. Therefore, the Master found himself outside this bohemian circle with the work of his entire life that was not approved for publication.

The second aspect of the problem of creativity in the novel is the responsibility of the author for his work, his destiny. The master, disappointed and completely desperate, burns the manuscript. A writer, according to Bulgakov, must seek the truth through his creativity, it must benefit society and act for the good. The hero, on the other hand, acted faint-heartedly.

The issue of choice is reflected in the chapters on Pilate and Yeshua. Pontius Pilate, realizing the strangeness and value of such a person as Yeshua, sends him to execution. Cowardice is the most terrible vice... The procurator was afraid of responsibility, afraid of punishment. This fear absolutely drowned out in him both sympathy for the preacher, and the voice of reason, which speaks of the uniqueness and purity of Yeshua's intentions, and conscience. The latter tormented him for the rest of his life, as well as after death. Only at the end of the novel was Pilate allowed to talk to Him and free himself.

Composition

Bulgakov in the novel applied such a compositional device as a novel in a novel. The "Moscow" chapters are combined with the "Pilat" chapters, that is, with the work of the Master himself. The author draws a parallel between them, showing that it is not time that changes a person, but only he is able to change himself. Full time job over oneself is a titanic work, which Pilate did not cope with, for which he was doomed to eternal mental suffering. The motives of both novels are the search for freedom, truth, the struggle between good and evil in the soul. Everyone can make mistakes, but a person must constantly reach for the light; only this can make him truly free.

Main characters: characteristics

Yeshua Ha-Nozri (Jesus Christ) is a wandering philosopher who believes that all people are good in themselves and that the time will come when the truth will be the main human worth, and the institutions of power will no longer be needed. He preached, so he was accused of attempting to assassinate Caesar's power and was put to death. Before his death, the hero forgives his executioners; dies without betraying his convictions, dies for people, atoning for their sins, for which he was awarded the Light. Yeshua appears before us a real person flesh and blood, capable of feeling both fear and pain; it is not shrouded in an aura of mysticism.
Pontius Pilate is the procurator of Judea, indeed historical personality... In the Bible, he judged Christ. Using his example, the author reveals the topic of choice and responsibility for their actions. Interrogating the prisoner, the hero realizes that he is innocent, even feels personal sympathy for him. He invites the preacher to lie in order to save his life, but Yeshua is not bowed down and is not going to give up his words. The official is hindered by his cowardice to defend the accused; he is afraid of losing power. This does not allow him to act according to his conscience, as his heart tells him. The procurator condemns Yeshua to death, and himself to mental torment, which, of course, is in many ways worse than physical torment. At the end of the novel, the master frees his hero, and he, together with the wandering philosopher, rises up the beam of light.
The master is a creator who wrote a novel about Pontius Pilate and Yeshua. This hero embodied the image of an ideal writer living by his own creativity, seeking neither fame, nor awards, nor money. He won large sums in the lottery and decided to devote himself to creativity - and this is how his only, but, of course, brilliant work was born. At the same time, he met love - Margarita, which became his support and support. Unable to withstand criticism from the highest literary Moscow society, the Master burns the manuscript, he is forcibly placed in a psychiatric clinic. Then he was freed from there by Margarita with the help of Woland, who was very interested in the novel. After death, the hero deserves peace. It is peace, not light, like Yeshua, because the writer betrayed his beliefs and denied his creation.
Margarita is the beloved of the creator, ready for anything for him, even to attend the ball of Satan. Before meeting the main character, she was married to a wealthy person, whom, however, she did not love. She found her happiness only with the Master, whom she herself named after reading the first chapters of his future novel. She became his muse, inspiring to continue to create. The theme of loyalty and devotion is associated with the heroine. The woman is faithful to both her Master and his work: she cruelly deals with the critic Latunsky, who slandered them, thanks to her, the author himself returns from psychiatric clinic and its seemingly irrevocable lost romance about Pilate. For her love and willingness to follow her chosen one to the end, Margarita was awarded Woland. Satan gave her peace and unity with the Master, which is what the heroine most desired.

The image of Woland

In many ways, this hero is like Goethe's Mephistopheles. His very name is taken from his poem, the scene of Walpurgis Night, where the devil was once called that name. The image of Woland in the novel "The Master and Margarita" is very ambiguous: he is the embodiment of evil, and at the same time, a defender of justice and a preacher of genuine moral values... Against the background of cruelty, greed and depravity of ordinary Muscovites, the hero looks more like positive character... He, seeing this historical paradox (he has something to compare with), concludes that people are like people, the most ordinary, former, only housing problem spoiled them.

The devil's punishment overtakes only those who deserve it. Thus, his retribution is highly selective and fair. Bribery, inept scribblers who care only about their material well-being, catering workers who steal and sell expired products, insensitive relatives who fight for the inheritance after the death of a loved one - these are those whom Woland punishes. It is not he who pushes them to sin, only exposes the vices of society. This is how the author, using satirical and phantasmagoric techniques, describes the customs and customs of Muscovites in the 1930s.

The master is a truly talented writer who was not given the opportunity to realize himself; the novel was simply "strangled" by Massolite officials. He was not like his fellow writers; he lived his work, giving him all of himself, and sincerely worrying about the fate of his work. The master kept a pure heart and soul, for which he was awarded Woland. The destroyed manuscript was recovered and returned to its author. For her boundless love, Margaret was forgiven for her weaknesses by the devil, to whom Satan even gave him the right to ask him to fulfill one of her wishes.

Bulgakov expressed his attitude to Woland in the epigraph: “I am part of the power that always wants evil and always does good” (Goethe’s “Faust”). Indeed, possessing unlimited possibilities, the hero punishes human vices, but this can be considered an instruction on the true path. He is a mirror in which everyone can see their sins and change. His most devilish trait is the corrosive irony with which he treats everything earthly. By his example, we are convinced that it is only with the help of humor that we can maintain our beliefs along with self-control and not go crazy. You can't take life too close to your heart, because what seems to us an unshakable stronghold so easily crumbles when slightest criticism... Woland is indifferent to everything, and this separates him from people.

good and evil

Good and evil are inseparable; when people stop doing good, evil immediately arises in its place. It is the absence of light, the shadow that replaces it. In Bulgakov's novel, two opposing forces are embodied in the images of Woland and Yeshua. The author, in order to show that the participation of these abstract categories in life is always relevant and occupies important positions, Yeshua places in the most distant era from us, on the pages of the Master's novel, and Woland - in modern times. Yeshua preaches, tells people about his ideas and understanding of the world, its creation. Later, for the open expression of thoughts, he will be judged by the procurator of Judea. His death is not a triumph of evil over good, but rather a betrayal of good, because Pilate was unable to do the right thing, which means he opened the door to evil. Ha-Nozri dies unbroken and not defeated, his soul retains the light in itself, opposed to the darkness of the cowardly act of Pontius Pilate.

The devil, called to do evil, arrives in Moscow and sees that the hearts of people are filled with darkness without him. He can only denounce and mock them; due to its dark essence Woland cannot do the court otherwise. But it is not he who pushes people to sin, he does not make the evil in them overcome the good. According to Bulgakov, the devil is not absolute darkness, he commits acts of justice, which is very difficult to count bad deed... This is one of Bulgakov's main ideas embodied in The Master and Margarita - nothing, except the person himself, can force him to act one way or another, the choice of good or evil lies with him.

You can also talk about the relativity of good and evil. AND good people do wrong, cowardly, selfishly. So the Master surrenders and burns his novel, and Margarita brutally takes revenge on the critic Latunsky. However, kindness lies not in making mistakes, but in a constant craving for the light and correcting them. Therefore, forgiveness and peace await a couple in love.

The meaning of the novel

There are many interpretations of the meanings of this work. Of course, one cannot speak unambiguously. In the center of the novel is the eternal struggle between good and evil. In the author's understanding, these two components are on equal terms in nature and in human hearts. This explains the appearance of Woland, as the concentration of evil by definition, and Yeshua, who believed in natural human kindness. Light and darkness are closely intertwined, constantly interact with each other, and it is no longer possible to draw clear boundaries. Woland punishes people according to the laws of justice, and Yeshua forgives them in spite of. This is the balance.

The struggle is taking place not only directly for human souls. The need for a person to reach for the light runs like a red thread throughout the entire story. Real freedom can only be obtained through this. It is very important to understand that the heroes, shackled by everyday petty passions, the author always punishes, either as Pilate - with eternal pangs of conscience, or as Moscow inhabitants - through the tricks of the devil. Others he exalts; Gives peace to Margarita and the Master; Yeshua deserves the Light for his dedication and faithfulness to his beliefs and words.

Also this novel is about love. Margarita appears perfect woman who is able to love until the very end, despite all the obstacles and difficulties. The master and his beloved - collective images a dedicated man and a loyal woman.

Creativity theme

The master lives in the capital of the 1930s. During this period, socialism is being built, new orders are being established, moral and moral standards... Here is born and new literature, with which on the pages of the novel we get to know through Berlioz, Ivan Bezdomny, members of Massolit. The path of the protagonist is difficult and thorny, like that of Bulgakov himself, however, he retains a pure heart, kindness, honesty, the ability to love and writes a novel about Pontius Pilate, containing all those important issues, which each person of the current or future generation should decide for himself. It is based on moral law hiding within every personality; and only he, and not the fear of God's retribution, is able to determine the actions of people. Spiritual world The master is subtle and beautiful, because he is a true artist.

However, true creativity is persecuted and often becomes recognized only after the death of the author. The repressions against an independent artist in the USSR are striking in their cruelty: from ideological persecution to the actual recognition of a person as insane. So they gagged many of Bulgakov's friends, and he himself had a hard time. Freedom of speech turned into imprisonment, if not even a death penalty, as in Judea. This parallel with the Ancient World underlines the backwardness and primitive savagery of the "new" society. The well-forgotten old became the basis of art policy.

Bulgakov's two worlds

The worlds of Yeshua and the Master are more closely connected than it seems at first glance. In both layers of the narrative, the same problems are touched upon: freedom and responsibility, conscience and loyalty to one's convictions, understanding of good and evil. No wonder there are so many heroes of doubles, parallels and antitheses here.

The Master and Margarita violates the urgent canon of the novel. This story is not about the fate of individuals or their groups, it is about all of humanity, its fate. Therefore, the author connects two epochs that are most distant from each other. People in the days of Yeshua and Pilate do not differ much from the people of Moscow, the contemporaries of the Master. They are also concerned with personal issues, power and money. Master in Moscow, Yeshua in Judea. Both carry the truth to the masses, for this both suffer; the first is persecuted by critics, crushed by society and doomed to end his life in a psychiatric hospital, the second is subjected to a more terrible punishment - a demonstrative execution.

The chapters devoted to Pilate differ sharply from the chapters in Moscow. The style of the inserted text is distinguished by evenness, monotony, and only in the chapter of the execution does it turn into a sublime tragedy. The description of Moscow is full of grotesque, phantasmagoric scenes, satire and mockery of its inhabitants, lyrical moments, dedicated to the Master and Margarita, which, of course, determines the presence of a variety of styles of storytelling. The vocabulary also varies: it can be low and primitive, filled with even swearing and jargon, or it can be sublime and poetic, filled with colorful metaphors.

Although both narratives differ significantly from each other, when reading the novel, a sense of integrity remains, so the thread that connects the past with the present is so strong in Bulgakov.

Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

From the moment of the first publication, the attractiveness of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel has not dried up, representatives of different generations, different worldviews, turn to him. There are many reasons for this.

One of them is that in the novel "The Master and Margarita" the heroes and their fates are forced to rethink the values of life, to think about their own responsibility for the good and evil that are being done in the world.

The main characters of The Master and Margarita

Bulgakov's work is a "novel in a novel", and the main characters of "The Master and Margarita" by Bulgakov in the part telling about Satan's stay in Moscow are Woland, Master and Margarita, Ivan Homeless.

Woland

Satan, the Devil, "the spirit of evil and the lord of shadows", the powerful "prince of darkness." He visited Moscow as a "professor of black magic". Woland studies people different ways trying to express their essence. Having looked at the Muscovites in a variety theater, he concludes that they are "ordinary people, in general, they resemble the old ones, the housing issue only spoiled them." Giving his “great ball”, he brings anxiety and confusion into the life of the townspeople. Unselfishly takes part in the fate of the Master and Margarita, revives the burned novel of the Master, allows the author of the novel to inform Pilate that he is forgiven.

Woland takes on his true guise, leaving Moscow.

Master

A former historian who renounced his name, who wrote a genius novel about Pontius Pilate. Unable to withstand the harassment of critics, he ends up in a psychiatric hospital. Margarita, the beloved of the Master, asks Satan to save her beloved. Woland also fulfills the request of Yeshua, who has read the novel, to give the Master peace.

“The farewell is over, the bills are paid,” and the Master and Margarita find peace and “eternal home”.

Margarita

Beautiful and clever woman, the wife of a "very prominent specialist", who did not need anything, was not happy. Everything changed at the moment of meeting with the Master. Falling in love, Margarita becomes his "secret wife", friend and like-minded person. She inspires the Master for a novel, encourages him to fight for it.

Having made a deal with Satan, he plays the role of hostess at his ball. The mercy of Margarita, asking to spare Frida instead of asking for herself, the defense of Latunsky, and participation in Pilate's fate soften Woland.

Through the efforts of Margarita, the Master is saved, both leave the Earth with Woland's retinue.

Homeless Ivan

Proletarian poet who wrote an anti-religious poem about Jesus Christ on the instructions of the editor. At the beginning of the novel, "an ignorant man", narrow-minded, believes that "the man himself controls" his life, cannot believe in the existence of the Devil and Jesus. Not coping with emotional stress after meeting Woland, he ends up in a clinic for the mentally ill.
After meeting with the Master, he begins to understand that his poems are "monstrous", promises never to write poetry again. The master calls him his disciple.

In the finale of the novel, Ivan lives by real name- Ponyrev, he became a professor, works at the Institute of History and Philosophy. He recovered, but sometimes he cannot cope with incomprehensible mental anxiety.

The list of the heroes of the novel is long, everyone who appears on the pages of the work deepens and reveals its meaning. Let us dwell on the characters of Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita, most significant for the disclosure of the author's intentions.

Woland's suite

Fagot-Koroviev

The senior henchman in Woland's retinue, he is entrusted with the most responsible matters. In communication with Muscovites, Koroviev introduces himself as the secretary and translator of the foreigner Woland, but it is not clear who he really is: "a magician, regent, sorcerer, translator, or who knows who." He is constantly in action, and no matter what he does, whoever he communicates with, he grimaces and clowns, shouts and “yells”.

Bassoon's mannerisms and speech change dramatically when he speaks to those who deserve respect. She speaks with Woland respectfully, in a clear and sonorous voice, she helps Margarita to manage the ball, looks after the Master.

Only at the last appearance on the pages of the novel does the Fagott appear in true image: next to Woland rode on horseback a knight "with a gloomy and never smiling face." Once punished for an unfortunate pun on the subject of light and dark as a jester for centuries, now he "paid and closed his bill."

Azazello

Demon, Woland's assistant. Appearance "with a fang sticking out of his mouth, disgracing an already unprecedentedly disgusting physiognomy", with a thorn on his right eye, repulsive. His main duties are related to the use of force: "to punch the administrator in the face, or to push the uncle out of the house, or to shoot someone, or some other trifle of that sort." Leaving the earth, Azazello takes on his real form - the form of a demon killer with empty eyes and a cold face.

Cat hippo

By the definition of Woland himself, his assistant is a "pea jester." He appears before the inhabitants of the capital in the form of a "huge as a hog, black as soot or a rook, and with a desperate cavalry mustache" or full of man with a feline-like physiognomy. Behemoth's jokes are by no means always harmless, and after his disappearance, ordinary black cats began to be exterminated throughout the country.

Flying away from the Earth in Woland's retinue, Behemoth turns out to be "a thin youth, a demon-page, the best jester that has ever existed in the world."
Hella. Woland's maid, vampire witch.

Characters in the novel The Masters

Pontius Pilate and Yeshua are the main characters in the story written by the Master.

Pontius Pilate

Procurator of Judea, a cruel and powerful ruler.

Realizing that Yeshua brought in for interrogation is not guilty of anything, he is imbued with sympathy for him. But, in spite of his high position, the procurator could not resist the decision to execute, he became cowardly, fearing that he would lose power.

Ga-Nozri's words that “including human vices he considers cowardice to be one of the most important, ”the hegemon takes personally. Tormented by remorse, he spends "twelve thousand moons" in the mountains. Released by the Master who wrote a novel about him.

Yeshua Ha-Nozri

A philosopher traveling from city to city. He is lonely, knows nothing about his parents, believes that by nature all people are kind, and the time will come when “the temple of the old faith will collapse and new temple truth ”and no power will be needed. He talks about this with people, but for his words he was accused of an attempt on the power and authority of Caesar and was executed. Before being executed, he forgives his executioners.

In the final part of Bulgakov's novel, Yeshua, having read the Master's novel, asks Woland to reward the Master and Margarita with peace, meets Pilate again, and they walk, talking, along the lunar road.

Levi Matvey

A former tax collector who considers himself a disciple of Yeshua. He writes down everything that Ha-Notsri says, expounding what he heard due to his understanding. Devoted to his teacher, removes him from the cross to bury him, is going to kill Judas of Kariathos.

Judas of Kiriath

A young handsome man who, for thirty tetradrachmas, provoked Yeshua to speak out in front of secret witnesses about state power... Killed by secret orders of Pontius Pilate.
Kaifa. Jewish high priest who heads the Sanhedrin. He is accused by Pontius Pilate of the execution of Yeshua Ha-Nozri.

Heroes of the Moscow world

The characterization of the heroes of the novel "The Master and Margarita" will be incomplete without describing the characters of literary and artistic Moscow, contemporary to the author.

Aloisy Mogarych... New acquaintance of the Master, who introduced himself as a journalist. I wrote a denunciation against the Master in order to occupy his apartment.

Baron Meigel... An employee of the entertainment commission, whose duties included acquaintance of foreigners with the sights of the capital. "Earphone and spy", according to Woland's definition.

Bengali Georges... Entertainer of the Variety Theater, famous throughout the city. The person is narrow-minded and ignorant.

Berlioz... Literary man, chairman of the board of MASSOLIT, a large Moscow literary association, editor of a large art magazine. In conversations, he "discovered solid erudition." Denied the existence of Jesus Christ, and argued that a person cannot be "suddenly mortal." Not believing Woland's prediction about his unexpected death, he dies when hit by a tram.

Barefoot Nikanor Ivanovich... "Business and cautious" chairman of the housing association of the house in which the "bad apartment" was located.

Varenukha... "The famous theater administrator known throughout Moscow resolutely."

Likhodeev Stepan... Director of the Variety Theater, drinking heavily and not fulfilling his duties.

Sempleyarov Arkady Apollonovich... Chairman of the acoustic commission of Moscow theaters, insisting during a session of black magic at the Variety on exposing the "technique of tricks."

Sokov Andrey Fokich... A small man, a barman at the Variety Theater, a squalid crook who cannot get joy from life, earning unearned money on sturgeon of "second freshness."

A brief description of the characters will be needed in order to make it easier to understand the events of the summary of the novel "The Master and Margarita" and not to get lost in the question of "who is who."

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