Test. culture and life of Russia in the second half of the 18th century

27.06.2019

18th century culture test.

1. Match artists and types of art:

A) V.L. Borovikovsky

B) V.I. Bazhenov

B) F.G. Volkov

D) Full name Shubin

D) D.S. Bortnyansky

E) M.F. Kazakov

1. sculpture

3. painting

5. architecture

2. Arrange the following representatives of art in the columns of the table:

1. Architecture

2. Sculpture

3. Artists

M.F.Kazakov

V.A. Borovikovsky

I.P. Argunov

V. Rastrelli

V. I. Bazhenov

F.S. Rokotov

D.G. Levitsky

F.I.Shubin

3. Pashkov’s house in Moscow was built:

A) V. Rastrelli

B) M.F. Kazakov

B) I.P. Argunov

D) D.G. Levitsky

D) V.I. Bazhenov

4. Sculptural bust of M.V. Lomonosov was created:

A) I.P. Argunov

B) V.L. Borovikovsky

B) Full name Shubin

D) F.S. Rokotov

D) A.P. Antropov

5. A movement in literature and art, art characterized by increased attention to disclosure state of mind, the experiences of the heroes -...?...

6. The largest Russian scientist and encyclopedist: A. Shein M.I. B. Lomonosov M.V. V.Rikhman G.V. G. Bruce P.Ya.

7. The work, which, after reading it, Catherine II characterized: “it was harmfully characterized by intellectualism that destroys the peace ... of society, and belittles respect for authority” * A. “Minor.” *B. "Felitsa." * V. “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.” * G. “Dmitry the Pretender.”

8. State the correct statement. A. gymnasiums were the main educational institutions B. nobles and peasants wore European clothes C. numbering of houses along the streets appeared for the first time.

9. “The odd one out.” Argunov, Shubin, Rokotov, Levitsky.

10. The opening of Moscow University took place in A. 1745. B.1750 B.1755 G.1762

11. In the 2nd half. XVIII century V artistic creativity leading place occupied the style of A. baroque B. classicism C. rococo D. romanticism.

12. Founder of the first Russian professional theater: A. Volkov F.G. B. Fonvizin D.I. V. Ugryumov G.I. G. Derzhavin G.R.

13. About whom we're talking about? A self-taught mechanic, whom Derzhavin called “the Archimedes of our days,” and Catherine II appointed him a mechanic at the Academy of Sciences.

14. Fill in the blanks. “The largest architect of the 18th century. in Russia ...?... He was the author of the largest palace ensembles built in St. Petersburg and its suburbs: ...?... palace, Stroganov palace, ...?... monastery, Grand Palace in ...?..., ...?... in Tsarskoye Selo.

15. By what principle is the series formed? D. Bortnyansky, V. Pashkevich, E. Fomin. D. Bortnyansky V. Pashkevich E. Fomin

16. Extra in a row. According to the designs of M. Kazakov, the following were built: the Senate in the Moscow Kremlin, Moscow University, the Tauride Palace, and the Golitsyn Hospital.

17. The monument to Peter I was created by the sculptor A.V.Shubin B.E.Falcone V.C.Rastrelli G.M.Kozlovsky.

19. M. Kazakov, I. Starov, V. Bazhenov are A. Russian historians B. architects C. composers D. sculptors.

Culture of Russia in the 18th century. Option 1.

1. Moscow University was founded in:

1) 1755 2) 1687 3) 1725 4) 1762

3. Which of the following individuals were outstanding portrait artists of the 18th century?

1) F. Rokotov, R. Levitsky

2) V. Bazhenov, M. Kazakov

3) V. Rastrelli, I. Starov

4) V. Trediakovsky, A. Sumarokov

4. Kamchatka expeditions in the first half of the 18th century, which paved the eastern sea route from Russia to North America, headed by:

1) V. Bering: 2) S. Khabarov; 3) S. Dezhnev; 4) V. Atlasov.

5. The creator of the first Russian professional theater was

1) D.I. Fonvizin 2) F.P. Shubin 3) F.G. Volkov 4) V.I Bazhenov

6. The publisher of the satirical magazines “Truten” and “Zhivopiets” was:

Catherine II
E. R. Dashkova
A.N. Radishchev
N.I. Novikov

7. Match:

Lomonosov A) theater
Kulibin B) science
Borovikovsky V) architecture
Rastrelli D) technique

D) painting

8. Which building does not belong to classicism:

Moscow University building
Pashkov's house
Tauride Palace
Smolny Monastery

9. The initiator of the creation of Moscow University was (a)...

1) Empress Catherine II

2) E.R. Vorontsova-Dashkova

3) M.V. Lomonosov

4) G.A. Potemkin

10. Please select the correct match

Architectural monument

1) Winter Palace a) V. Bazhenov

2) Tauride Palace b) V. Rastrelli

3) Ladies of the Noble Assembly in Moscow c) D. Ukhtomsky

4) Pashkov House d) M. Kazakov

11. Who are we talking about?

A self-taught mechanic, whom G. R. Derzhavin called the “Archimedes of our days.” Catherine P appointed him a mechanic at the Academy of Sciences. Under his leadership, various machines, instruments, and tools were manufactured in the mechanical workshop. He did especially a lot for the royal court. Thus, his “egg figure” clock, which is kept in the St. Petersburg Hermitage, presents a striking sight. The clock mechanism is still fixed

D. S. Bortnyansky, V. A. Pashkevich, E. I. Fomin

13. What is extra in the row?

Buildings erected according to the designs of M. V. Kazakov: Senate in the Moscow Kremlin, Moscow University, Golitsyn and Pavlovsk hospitals, Tauride Palace, house of princes Dolgoruky

Culture of Russia in the 18th century. Option 2.

1. The Academy of Sciences in Russia was founded in:

1755 2)1725 3) 1757 4) 1762

1) V. I. Bazhenov; 2) V.V. Rastrelli; 3) M. F. Kazakov; 4) I. E. Starov.

3. Russian architects of the 18th century:

Tatishchev, Shcherbatov
Kazakov, Bazhenov
Shubin, Argunov
Kulibin, Polzunov

Bering
Chirikov
Krasheninnikov
Atlasov

5. Which of the representatives of the Russian nobility had the famous serf theater:

Menshikovs
Sheremetyevs
Dolgoruky
Osterman

6. “A rebel worse than Pugachev” Catherine II called

Biron 2) Radishchev 3) Novikov 4) Bazhenova

7. Match:

Derzhavin A) theater
Rokotov B) painting
Bazhenov V) technology
Polzunov G) literature

D) architecture

8. Whose literary creativity belongs to the direction of sentimentalism:

Trediakovsky
Derzhavina
Karamzin
Fonvizina

9. The creation of Moscow University is connected with the activities:

N.I. Novikov and Catherine II
F. Prokopovich Peter I
M.V. Lomonosov and I.I. Shuvalova
A. T. Bolotova and E. R. Dashkova

10. Match:

Tatishchev A) “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow”
Radishchev B) “Russian History”
Levitsky V) Painting “Catherine the Lawgiver”
Bazhenov G) comedy “Minor”

D) Pashkov’s house

11. Who are we talking about?

To whom A.S. Pushkin dedicated these lines: “Combining extraordinary willpower with the extraordinary power of concepts, he embraced all branches of education. The thirst for science was the strongest passion of this soul, filled with passions. Historian, rhetorician, mechanic, chemist, mineralogist, artist and poet, he experienced everything and penetrated everything...”

12. By what principle is the series formed?

Literacy schools, gymnasiums, closed educational institutions, vocational schools.

13. What (who) is extra in the series?

Portrait artists A. P. Antropov, N. I. Argunov, F. I. Shubin, F. S. Rokotov, D. G. Levitsky, V. L. Borovikovsky

Cultural life of the region

In the 18th century Russian culture developed under the influence of Peter's reforms and their consequences. The main thing was that there was a transition to a secular and European culture, which coincided with the Age of Enlightenment. Education made a qualitative leap, domestic science was created, literature, art and architecture began to flourish, public theater, periodicals and journalism.

Changes in the culture of the region were not so significant. At the same time, certain changes have occurred in it. The cultural life of the region was marked by a number of new phenomena. Cultural communication between Tatars and Russians has intensified.

With the loss of statehood, the Tatar people and their culture found themselves in a completely new historical situation. There was no state of its own, which largely determined the development of culture. The power, influence and size of the feudal class among the Tatars sharply decreased.
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He was forced to break away from the development of culture, ceased to be the main social customer and the main consumer cultural values. The eviction of the Tatars from the cities led to the fact that they lost their urban stratum and urban culture. Negative influence The policy of Christianization influenced Tatar culture.

However, the Tatar culture was in extremely difficult conditions. The natural consequence was the strengthening of the religious principle in life Tatar people as a spiritual factor in preserving their identity. The role of cultural force was assumed by the Muslim clergy. Islam was persecuted, but this only increased its attractiveness to the people.

Due to the fact that the development of Tatar culture in the XVII-XVIII centuries. was mainly in the hands of the Muslim clergy, cultural life were characterized by one-sided features. Tatar culture of that time went only in one direction, developing only religious motives, leaving aside secular ones. The plots were exclusively religious fiction, historical thought mainly considered the history of religion, social thought was reduced, in the end, to theological disputes.

That is why at this time there were almost no bright personalities who left a deep mark on the cultural progress of the people. The most famous poet late XVII – early XVIII centuries was Mavlya Kolyi. He was born, presumably, in the village of Chita, Kazan district, and received his theological education there in the 1760s. lived in the area former city Bulgar, later - in the village of Ishtiryak (now Leninogorsk region). All the poems of M. Kolya, preserved in the handwritten collection “Wise Sayings” (“Hikmatler”), are imbued with religious and philosophical reflections on life and death, calls for moral purity and religious perfection.

Petrine reforms introduced new features into Tatar culture and social thought in the second half of the 18th century. Among the Muslim-educated part of Tatar society, interest in secular sciences, literature, and education is increasing. The ideas of enlightened absolutism are gaining currency. Thus, the leader of the Tatar-Bashkir uprising of 1775 placed hopes on the rule of law, personified by a reasonable, fair, merciful tsar. Batyrsha.

The impetus for change in Tatar culture was the emergence of new Tatars social groups- merchants, owners of factories.
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The previous state of this culture, its exclusively religious content, no longer suited the new classes. Culture now had to reflect social changes. New cultural needs were expressed in their creativity and activities by G. Utyz Imyani (1756-1834), T. Yalchygul (1768-1838), A Kursavi (1776-1812). They called on their compatriots to master secular knowledge, practical sciences, the Russian language as their tool, and to have a sound view of the canons of Islam. It is noteworthy that these figures saw the support of transformations in Tatar society in the stratum of traders and entrepreneurs.

Test “Culture and education in the middle - second half”XVIIIV.".

1. The largest Russian encyclopedist scientist:

1. M. I. Shein 2. M. V. Lomonosov 3. G. V. Rikhman 4. S. P. Krasheninnikov

2. The opening of the Russian Academy of Sciences took place in:

1. 1724 2. 1725 3. 1730 4.1745

3. A movement in literature and art, distinguished by its appeal to the ancient heritage as a model:

1. Baroque 2. Romanticism 3. Classicism 4. Realism

4. Founder of the first Russian professional theater:

1. F.G.Volkov 2. D.I.Fonvizin 3. G.I.Ugryumov 4. G.R.Derzhavin

5. Indicate the correct statements:

a) The Academy of Sciences in Russia was not only a scientific, but also an educational center

b) the main form of education for the lower classes was vocational schools

c) belonging to a certain class did not interfere with receiving any education in Russia

d) the founder of sentimentalism in Russian literature was N. M. Karamzin

e) for the first time in the 18th century. numbering of houses by streets appeared

f) Western European clothing in the second half of the 18th century. was introduced into the upper strata of society by force

g) it was mandatory for men and women from the upper classes to wear powdered wigs

h) widespread in the second half of the 18th century. received the assembly

i) leisure of peasants and ordinary townspeople by the end of the 18th century. was very diverse

j) one of the most popular activities of the nobility was collecting

6. Who are we talking about?

7. Who is the odd one out in the row:

Portrait artists: 1. A.P.Antropov, 2. N.I.Argunov 3. F.I.Shubin 4. F.S.Rokotov 5. D.G.Levitsky, 6. V.L.Borovikovsky.

8. Mark architectural monuments related to classicism:

1 2
3

Option #1
The establishment of the Academy of Sciences dates back to: A) 1700; B) by 1709; B) by 1721; D) by 1725
2. Place in chronological sequence: A) Opening of Moscow University;
B) opening of the Russian Academy; C) opening of the Academy of Sciences; D) Bering expedition
3. The style in which the architect V. Rastrelli built the Winter Palace, distinguished by its decorative pomp and splendor, was called: A) modern; B) classicism; B) baroque; D) empire style
4. Who is called the “father of Russian theater”: A) A.P. Sumarokova; B) G. Gregory; B) F.G. Volkova; D) A.P. Chekhov
5. Author of the comedy “The Minor,” where the author denounced the ignorance and arbitrariness of officials: A) D.I. Fonvizin; B) G.R. Derzhavin; B) A.N. Radishchev; D) N.M. Karamzin
6. Writer, journalist, published the magazines “Truten”, “Wallet”, “Painter”, was imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress: A) D.I. Fonvizin; B) G.R. Derzhavin; B) A.N. Radishchev; D) N.I. Novikov
7. First President Russian Academy: A) I.I. Shuvalov; B) M.V. Lomonosov; B) Catherine II; D) E.R. Dashkova
8. The author of the world's largest Tsar Bell, cast in 1735: A) father and son of Matorina;
B) I.P. Kulibin; B) A. Chokhov; D) father and son Cherepanovs
9. Russian inventor of lathes and screw-cutting machines: A) I.P. Kulibin; B) I.I. Polzunov; B) A. Nartov; D) K. Frolov
10. Inventor, mechanic of the 18th century, author of a model of a single-arch bridge across the Neva, an elevator, the first ships that sailed along rivers against the current: A) I.P. Kulibin; B) I.I. Polzunov; B) A. Nartov; D) K. Frolov
11 Year of opening of the Smolny Institute noble maidens– first higher educational institution for noble girls:
A) 1725; B) 1755; B) 1757; D) 1764
12. Style and direction in literature and art, translated from Italian as “quaint, ancient”: A) baroque;
B) classicism; B) gothic; D) Romanesque style.
13. Famous portrait artists of the 18th century were: A) A.P. Antropov, I.P. Argunov, F.S. Rokotov;
B) D.G. Levitsky, V.L. Borovikovsky; B) Full name Shubin, I.E. Repin; D) G.I. Ugryumov; A.P. Losenko
14.Among the serfs theaters XVIII century, the theater stood out: A) on the estate of A.V. Suvorov; B) Counts Sheremetevs;
B) merchants Strogonov; D) factory owners Demidovs
15. Sculptor, his most famous work " Bronze Horseman", installed in the center of St. Petersburg in honor of Peter I:
A) Full name Shubin; B) K. Rastrelli; B) E. Falcone; D) I.P. Martos
16. Architect, author Peter and Paul Fortress: A) D. Trezzini; B) V.V. Rastrelli; B) M.F. Kazakov; D) I.E. Starov
17. The founder of Russian classicism in architecture, the author of the Pashkov House in Moscow, created the Tsaritsyn palace ensemble near Moscow, the Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg: A) D. Trezzini; B) V.V. Rastrelli; B) M.F. Kazakov;
D) V.I. Bazhenov

Control section on the topic: “Culture of Russia in the 18th century”
2

1. C XVIII culture century associated name:
A) Simona Ushakova; B) Simeon of Polotsk; B) Vasily Bazhenov; D) Ivan the Red
2. D.I. Fonvizin, A.N. Radishchev, G.R. Derzhavin, N.I. Novikov were contemporaries:
A) Catherine II; B) Peter I; B) princess Sophia; D) Catherine I
3. Who did A.S. say about? Pushkin: “Historian, rhetorician, mechanic, chemist, mineralogist, artist and poet, he experienced everything and penetrated everything”: A) about I.I. Polzunov; B) about M.V. Lomonosov; B) about I.P. Kulibino; D) about N.M. Karamzin
4. The founder of sentimentalism in Russian literature:
A) D.I. Fonvizin; B) G.R. Derzhavin; B) A.N. Radishchev; D) N.M. Karamzin
5. Author of the book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow,” about which Catherine II said: “A rebel worse than Pugachev”:
A) D.I. Fonvizin; B) G.R. Derzhavin; B) A.N. Radishchev; D) N.I. Novikov
6. Author of “Russian History”, “father of Russian history”:
A) N.M. Karamzin; B) M.V. Lomonosov; B) V.N. Tatishchev; D) V.O. Klyuchevsky
7. Famous navigator, led the First Kamchatka Expedition, proved the existence of a strait between Asia and America: A) V. Bering; B) S. Dezhnev; B) V. Poyarkov; D) E. Khabarov
8. Inventor of the first steam engine: A) I.P. Kulibin; B) I.I. Polzunov; B) A. Nartov; D) K. Frolov
9. Kogo G.R. Derzhavin called “Archimedes of our days”: A) I.P. Kulibin; B) I.I. Polzunov; B) A. Nartov; D) K. Frolov
10. Year of opening of the Academy of Arts at Moscow State University: A) 1725; B) 1755; B) 1757; D) 1764
11. Style and direction in literature and art dominated in Russia in the middle - second half of the 18th century, the signs of which are symmetry, strict forms, yellow and White color, nobility, majestic simplicity:
A) baroque; B) classicism; B) gothic; D) Romanesque style.
12. From the serf peasants of the Sheremetev counts came whole family painters and architects:
A) Kovalevs; B) Zhemchugovs; B) Argunovs; D) Rokotovs
13. Among the outstanding creations of the sculptor F.I. Shubin there is a sculptural bust of: A) M.V. Lomonosov; B) Emperor Paul I; B) Empress Catherine I; D) Empress Catherine II
14. Italian sculptor, who worked in Rome and Paris, moved to Russia with his son in 1716; most famous sculptures"Anna Ioannovna with a Little Arab"; equestrian monument of Peter I: A) F.I. Shubin; B) K. Rastrelli; B) E. Falcone; D) I.P. Martos
15. The first architect of St. Petersburg: A) D. Trezzini; B) V.V. Rastrelli; B) M.F. Kazakov; D) I.E. Starov
16. Architect, author Winter Palace– Hermitage: A) D. Trezzini; B) V.V. Rastrelli; B) M.F. Kazakov; D) I.E. Starov,
17. Architect, supervised the drafting master plan Moscow, according to his designs the Senate buildings were erected in the Moscow Kremlin, Moscow State University, Golitsyn Hospital: A) D. Trezzini; B) V.V. Rastrelli; B) M.F. Kazakov; D) V.I. Bazhenov

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