There are 25 tasks in the Unified State Examination in History. They are divided into two parts - 1 part of tasks with a short answer (1-19) and 2 part of tasks with a detailed answer (20-25). The answer to the first part of the task is a group of numbers, a word or a phrase. The answer to the tasks of the second part is the text (or several sentences) written by you. Remember that an appeal can only be filed against points awarded for tasks in the second part because The first part is checked by the computer.
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Historical periods in the Unified State Exam 2018
Tasks in the Unified State Examination in history 2018 are divided depending on the competence being tested, as well as the historical period. The last three stand out:
- Antiquity and the Middle Ages (from the 7th to the end of the 17th century)
- New history (from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century)
- Recent history (from the beginning of the twentieth to the beginning of the twenty-first century) - about 40% of the tasks belong to this section.
Tasks 1-6 of the Unified State Examination in History 2018
Now let's take a closer look at the tasks of the first part.
Task No. 1 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018- This is a task to establish the correct chronological order of events. The answer to task 1 is a sequence of three numbers, where the first is the earliest, from your point of view, event, and the third is the latest. Please note that in Task 1 one of the events presented Always relates to the course of world history, so be sure to download a table of the dates of world history found in the Unified State Exam and try to learn them. Task No. 1 is worth 1 point.
Task No. 2 in the Unified State Examination in history 2018- This is a task to establish correspondence between events and dates. The left column shows four events in Russian history, the right column shows six dates, two of which are redundant. The answer to task 2 will be a sequence of four numbers. Correctly completed task No. 2 is scored 2 points. Moreover, if you make one mistake, you can get 1 point. Since task No. 2 tests your knowledge of the main dates of Russian history, try to find or download such a list and gradually learn it.
Task No. 3 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018– a task on knowledge of historical concepts and terms. The task presents six terms, four of which relate to one historical period, and two to others. You need to find terms that fall out of the general list and write down the answer in the form of two numbers. Task No. 3 is worth 2 points. A task completed with one error is scored 1 point.
Task No. 4 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018- this task is also about knowledge of historical terms, but unlike the third, it requires an answer in the form of a word or phrase. Task No. 4 is worth 1 point.
Task No. 5 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018– a task to establish correspondence, as a rule, between processes, phenomena or events and the facts associated with them. The task contains four processes and six facts, two of which are redundant. The answer to task No. 5 is a sequence of four numbers. A task completed correctly is scored 2 points, with one error – 1 point.
Task No. 6 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018– this is also a task to establish correspondence, but here the work will be carried out with the historical text. You will be offered two fragments of texts and six characteristics for them. For each of the fragments you need to select two correct characteristics (two of the six characteristics, just like in tasks 2 and 5, are extra). The answer to task No. 5 is a sequence of four numbers, if all are correct – 2 points. A task completed with one error is scored 1 point.
Tasks 7-12 of the Unified State Examination in History 2018
Task No. 7 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018– a multiple choice task in which you need to choose three (out of six proposed) correct characteristics of a period, phenomenon, politics, war, etc. The answer is a sequence of three numbers and this task is worth 2 points.
Task No. 8 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018 entirely dedicated to the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. This task, as a rule, tests knowledge of dates (with an accuracy of up to a month), geographical objects, special terms (names of operations, conferences), as well as personalities (war heroes, front commanders, etc.). The correct answer is worth 2 points. A task completed with one error is scored 1 point.
Task No. 9 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018 its structure resembles tasks 2 and 5. Only here knowledge of historical figures is tested. The scoring system is the same as in tasks 2 and 5.
Task No. 10 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018– this is a task to analyze a text source dedicated to the events of the early 20th – early 21st centuries. The answer to task 10 is the name of the figure, the name of the policy, period, historical term, etc. Evaluated as 1 point.
Task No. 11 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018 is a table in which you need to enter the missing elements from the list below. As a rule, you need to correlate the date (century, period) with the events of Russian history and world history. Correctly completed task 11 is scored 3 points, with one error - 2 points, with two - 1 point.
Task No. 12 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018 also contains a fragment of historical text, which contains six statements, three of which are true. To solve task 12, carefully read the text several times, because sometimes it directly contains hints. A task completed correctly is scored 2 points, with one error - 1 point.
Tasks for working with historical maps and images in the Unified State Exam
Tasks 13, 14 and 15 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018 are performed using a historical map or diagram. During the preparation process, try to pay special attention to working with the map; to do this, download atlases on the history of Russia from the Internet or a selection of maps and diagrams specifically for the Unified State Exam in history. These tasks, as a rule, ask for the name of the figure associated with events on the map, a geographical name (city, fortress, river, etc.) and, sometimes, a time period. Tasks 13-15 are each worth 1 point.
Task No. 16 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018 is also associated with a historical map and involves choosing from a list of judgments related to the events to which the map is dedicated. As in other multiple choice tasks, you need to write down the answer in the form of three consecutive numbers. A task completed correctly - 2 points, with one error - 1 point.
Task No. 17 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018 tests knowledge of Russian culture. Here you need to correlate the cultural monument with its author/characteristics/time of origin, etc. To successfully complete this task, you need to master a huge layer of information about the culture of Russia; to do this, download or buy special textbooks on culture for the Unified State Exam. This will help you not to get confused in the variety of cultural monuments. A task completed correctly - 2 points, with one error - 1 point.
Tasks No. 18-19 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018– working with a picture, stamp, photograph or other image. Often tasks 18 and 19 are related to Russian culture. To successfully complete them, carefully examine each image, paying special attention to the inscriptions on the pictures, if any. Often they can answer the question asked. Each task is worth 1 point.
Tasks with detailed answers in the Unified State Exam 2018
Part 2, tasks 20-25
Now let's move on to the tasks of part 2 i.e. parts with a detailed answer. Here are some useful tips that we hope will help you score maximum points for these tasks.
Tasks No. 20, 21, 22 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018(maximum 2 points each) are related to the historical text given at the beginning of Part 2. Don’t be lazy to read the text several times (preferably 3 times). The first time - you form a general impression of the text, try to determine the time when it was written. Then look at 20-22 tasks. The second time - you read, paying special attention (or even highlighting with a pen) historical terms, first and last names of figures, as well as any other elements that seemed important to you in the context of the questions asked. Then, on the third reading, you highlight phrases or phrases that you will then use when answering 21 tasks (it is almost always in the text).
In tasks No. 23 and 24 in the Unified State Examination in History 2018(maximum 3 and 4 points, respectively) write as detailed as possible. Don't be shy about your knowledge! In this case, you should avoid common phrases. Construct each position according to the scheme argument/position + fact confirming this argument.
History is an elective exam in 2018. Preparation for the Unified State Examination in history, like preparation for other exams, first of all requires responsibility, organization, and proper distribution of time and effort.
Start preparing for the exam as early as 10th grade. In order to have a good knowledge base for the exam in two years.
Changes in KIM Unified State Examination 2019 in history:
- There are no changes in the structure and content of the CMM.
- An additional condition has been added to task 21, which defines the requirement for answer formatting. Accordingly, the assessment criteria for task 21 have been supplemented.
Where to start preparing for history?
1. Theory. To study the theory, use additional literature in printed and electronic form, documentary films, and materials on web resources. On our web resource in the “Tasks” section we have collected over 10 standard tasks developed by teachers, based on demo versions from FIPI(official project) of previous years.
For each task, it is written what you need to know to complete it. will guide you on what topics you need to study for each assignment.
How to remember all this?
The abundance of dates, titles, names, events is a feature of history. But how can you remember everything and not lose it before the end of the exam?
Exists a number of effective ways put all the necessary information “on the shelves”:
- Draw an analogy, visualize, draw diagrams.
- Work through topics only in chronological order.
- Make a plan to answer each of them.
- Study online - on our website you will find the necessary tasks.
2. Solving training tasks different types gives enormous experience and self-confidence. Solve online tests with answers based on the theory you read; this will help you learn and consolidate the topic.
3. Practice writing an essay. Hone your craft and writing skills. There are three periods from Russian history to choose from.
Mini-essay requirements:
- Specify at least two processes that relate to the selected date;
- People who influenced or participated in events, processes or phenomena should be mentioned;
- It is necessary to mention cause and effect relationships;
- Use historical terminology in your essay;
- It is forbidden to make mistakes in the facts.
A historical essay must be coherent, with correct logical conclusions.
4. Manage your exam time correctly.
The time required to complete the examination paper in history is 3 hours 55 minutes(235 minutes).
The examination paper consists of two parts:
- 1 part– 19 tasks with a short answer (word, phrase, date, name and surname of a historical figure);
- part 2– 6 tasks with a detailed answer (analysis of a problem, a fragment of a historical document, assessment of an event, expression of a point of view).
The approximate completion time for individual tasks is:
- for each task of part 1 – 3–7 minutes;
- for each task of part 2 (except for task 25) – 5–20 minutes;
- for a task 25 – 40–80 minutes.
Points for each history task
The minimum passing score is 32.
The maximum you can score on the Unified State Examination in History is 55.
- 1 point - for tasks 1, 4, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19.
- 2 points - 2, 3, 5-9, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22.
- 3 points - 11, 23.
- 4 points - 24.
- 11 points - 25.
System for assessing the performance of individual tasks and work as a whole
A task with a short answer is considered completed correctly if the sequence of numbers and the required word (phrase) are correctly indicated.
The complete correct answer to tasks 1, 4, 10, 13–15, 18,19 is assessed 1 point; incomplete, incorrect answer or lack thereof – 0 points.
The complete correct answer to tasks 2, 3, 5–9, 12, 16, 17 is scored 2 points; if one error is made (including one of the digits missing or one extra digit) – 1 point; if two or more errors are made (including two or more digits missing or two or more extra digits) or the answer is missing – 0 points.
A complete correct answer to task 11 is worth 3 points; if one mistake is made - 2 points; if two or three mistakes are made - 1 point; if four or more errors are made or there is no answer – 0 points.
Part 2 tasks are graded depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer. For completing tasks 20, 21, 22 you are given from 0 to 2 points; for task 23 – from 0 to 3 points; for task 24 – from 0 to 4 points; for task 25 – from 0 to 11 points. Task 25 is graded at .
Remember the time, the plan, and then you will certainly be able to pass the Unified State Exam in History.
Happy preparation!
It is only taken by those who have made this choice on their own. Successfully passing the Unified State Examination in history is necessary when applying to such popular specialties as law, linguistics, design, architecture and many others.
Review general information about the exam before you begin your preparation. The 2019 version of the KIM Unified State Exam has not changed compared to last year’s versions. Correct completion of tasks 3 and 8 now gives 2 points instead of 1. For assignment 25, the wording and assessment criteria have changed.
Unified State Examination
A decree from Rosobrnadzor has already appeared, which officially established the correspondence of primary and test scores in all subjects for 2019.
According to the order, in order to pass the Unified State Exam in History with at least a C, you need to score 9 primary points. To score them, it is enough to complete the first 6 tasks correctly or write a good essay (No. 25), which, if all criteria are met, will give 11 points. To get an A you need to score 39-55 primary points.
Structure of the Unified State Exam
In 2019, the Unified State Exam test in history consists of two parts, including 25 tasks.
- Part 1: 19 tasks (1–19) for choosing the correct answer, establishing correspondences, determining sequences or writing the correct answer (word, phrase, title, name, century, year, etc.);
- Part 2: 6 tasks (20–25) with a detailed answer, in which you need to analyze a given fragment of a historical source, a historical problem, historical assessments and points of view; the last task is a historical essay that can be written on one of three periods of Russian history.
Preparation for the Unified State Exam
- Pass Unified State Exam tests online for free without registration and SMS. The tests presented are identical in complexity and structure to the actual exams conducted in the corresponding years.
- Download demo versions of the Unified State Exam in history, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and pass it easier. All proposed tests have been developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Exam by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). All official versions of the Unified State Exam are developed in the same FIPI.
The tasks you will see most likely will not appear on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones on the same topics.
General Unified State Examination figures
| Year | Minimum Unified State Examination score | Average score | Number of participants | Failed, % | Qty 100 points |
Duration - Exam length, min. |
| 2009 | 30 | |||||
| 2010 | 31 | 49,47 | 180 900 | 9 | 222 | 210 |
| 2011 | 30 | 51,2 | 129 354 | 9,4 | 208 | 210 |
| 2012 | 32 | 51,1 | 164 267 | 12,9 | 195 | 210 |
| 2013 | 32 | 54,8 | 164 219 | 11 | 500 | 210 |
| 2014 | 32 | 55,4 | 210 | |||
| 2015 | 32 | 45,3 | 210 | |||
| 2016 | 32 | 210 | ||||
| 2017 | 32 | 210 | ||||
| 2018 |
Knowing the dates is 50% of success in the exam. Our tests contain dates found in Unified State Examination tasks in history. Classes on our simulators guarantee that you remember the dates. If you don't know the answer to a question, select "View Hint." If you cannot answer with a hint, select "Check". And be sure to read the “Detailed answer” (appears after clicking on “Check”).
Battles
Wars and revolts
Reforms
Time of reign
Foreign history
All dates on Russian history in chronological order
Here are collected excerpts from sources found in Unified State Examination tasks in history. Completing our exercises will provide all the necessary knowledge about the fragment. If you don't know the answer to a question, select "View Hint." If you cannot answer with a hint, select "Check".Ancient Rus'
Royal Russia
Soviet Russia
Personalities (pictures)
To pass the exam well, it is important not only to know the names of historical figures, but also to have an idea of their appearance. Our tasks will allow you to see portraits of historical figures found in Unified State Examination tasks in history. And regular classes on our simulators will help you remember all the main characters of Russian history. If you don't know the answer to a question, select "View Hint." If you cannot answer with a hint, select "Check". And be sure to read the “Detailed answer” (appears after clicking on “Check”). Here are collected terms found in Unified State Examination tasks in history. Classes on our simulators guarantee you memorization of terms. If you don't know the answer to a question, select "View Hint." If you cannot answer with a hint, select "Check". The Unified State Exam tests knowledge about the main architectural monuments of Russia. To pass the exam well, you need to know what all the main temples, cathedrals, palaces and other monuments look like. In addition, it is important to remember when a particular temple or palace was built, as well as the name of its architect. Our picture assignments on Russian history will help you prepare. If you have any difficulties, use the “View hint” button and be sure to look at the “Detailed answer” (appears after clicking on “Check”).Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Exam
Secondary general education
Line UMK I. L. Andreeva, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)
General history
Russian history
Unified State Examination in History: reviewing assignments with the teacher
Sergey Agafonov, co-authorhistory textbooks , methodologist at the Russian Textbook Corporation*,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half of the success (if not more) in the history and social studies exam depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed standard tasks. Namely the sorted tasks, and not just the completed ones. At the same time, it is important to fit events, processes, and phenomena of national history into the context of universal history, establishing connections between various social phenomena and processes.”
Evgeniy Mikhailovich Polushin, first category history and social studies teacher, 5 years of teaching experience, graduate of the history department of Moscow State Pedagogical University. IN AND. Lenina, Ph.D.:“The Unified State Examination in History consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 require detailed answers. Let's look at completing these tasks. The apparent simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can’t count on luck.”
1. In the first task, it is supposed to arrange events related to domestic and world history in chronological order:
1) Convening of the first Zemsky Sobor
2) Proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor
3) Annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire
Here it would be good to know the dates: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800 g; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such striking events in history are well remembered, at least in chronological order.
2. In the second task you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, it is necessary to know the dates, at least to imagine the era of the reign of which political figure we are talking about. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the elimination method will not work here.
The date of the baptism of Rus' is firmly known to any schoolchild who takes the Unified State Exam in history - 988. The decree “on free cultivators” is also textbook - 1803, the abolition of localism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th Conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence - 1988
3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations that do not relate to the period 1945-1953:
1) CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.
In this case, we will need to know that the Council of People's Commissars (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. Its existence dates back to an earlier period, and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) is popular at the present time, which also does not correspond to the specified period.
4. Write the term in question:
The highest government position in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince he was in charge of issues of administration and court, commanded the army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.
From the first words, “The highest government position in the Novgorod Republic...” it is clear that we are talking about the mayor. In addition to the mayor, a thousand was elected in Novgorod; an assistant mayor, he led the city militia. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.
5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:
The pair World War I - Brusilov's breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsians are studied in school, in addition to history, in music and literature lessons. The Battle of Klushino is an unsuccessful attempt by Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.
6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers:
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
A)“We grant by this personal decree, with our royal and paternal mercy, all those who were formerly in the peasantry and under the citizenship of the landowners, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with the ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruitment collections, per capita and other monetary taxes, ownership of lands, forests, hay lands and fishing grounds, and salt lakes without purchase and without quitrent, and we free all those previously committed from the villains of the nobles and city bribery judges to the peasants and the entire people - imposed taxes and burdens.”
B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their well-acquired or family peasants, individually or as a whole village, to freedom and at the same time approve for them a plot of land or a whole dacha, then making conditions with them that are recognized by mutual agreement as the best, he has to present them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of Internal Affairs for consideration and submission to us; and if a decision follows from us in accordance with his wishes: then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and will be recorded with the serfs with the payment of legal duties. ...The peasants and villages, released from the landowners under such conditions with the land, if they do not wish to enter other states, can remain on their own lands as farmers and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators.”
CHARACTERISTICS
1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was issued by the leader of the popular uprising.
REASONING
The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes obvious if you pay attention to the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of conscription and the return of the old cross and beards. It was the recruitment kits and the capitation tax that were innovations of Peter I.
The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree “On Free Plowmen” of 1803, which, as you know, allowed landowners to free peasants with land with the consent of the emperor.
Thus, the answer: A - 5.6; B - 2.4
7. Which three of the following events date back to the 18th century:
1) Battle of Borodino
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop naval battle
6) battle of Rymnik
Some pretty famous battles are presented here, let's remember them. The Battle of Borodino is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Defense of Shipka is an episode of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf refers to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. , Sinop naval battle - Crimean War, 1853, The Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791.
Accordingly, the 18th century includes: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.
8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a blank, select the number of the required element:
A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which particularly distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade occurred in January___
B) September 30, 1941 began___
Missing elements:
1) defense of the Brest Fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow
The Great Patriotic War in the course of Russian history of the 20th century. Much attention is paid, and significant battles that had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. especially distinguished itself. Chuikova.
The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod operation, while the blockade was broken back in 1943.
On September 30, 1941, of course, the Battle of Moscow began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation of the Red Army in the Second World War.
9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and the participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:
EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) Russian development of Siberia and the Far East
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
B) Northern War
D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in USSR
PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev
Russia's development of Siberia and the Far East is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Principality of Moscow was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
10. Read an excerpt from the Resolution of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the last name missing three times in the text:
“Awarding___ the Nobel Prize, essentially, for the novel “Doctor Zhivago”, hastily covered up with pompous phrases about its lyrics and prose, actually emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles... Considering the political and moral fall of___, his betrayal towards the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid for by the Nobel Prize in the interests of inciting the Cold War, - the Presidium of the Board of the USSR Writers' Union, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the RSFSR SP and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow Branch of the RSFSR SP deprive ___ the title of Soviet writer, expel him from the membership of the USSR SP.”
In this task, the title of the novel will tell you the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.
11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each blank, indicated by a letter, select the number of the required element:
Missing elements:
1) formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the Estates General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the Frankish state
7) X century
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Pravda
The difficulty of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.
XI century in the history of Russia is the creation of “Russian Truth”.
The Battle of the Ice or the Battle of Lake Peipus - 1242, which means the 13th century, the baptism of Rus' - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.
It turns out that in the XIV century. The Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convening of the Estates General in France (1302).
12. Read an excerpt from the USSR Constitution:
“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the entire people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which form the political basis of the USSR. All other government bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all government bodies from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and the binding nature of decisions of higher bodies for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with initiative and creative activity on the ground, with the responsibility of each government body and official for the assigned work. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its bodies operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations and officials are obliged to comply with the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, and are also put to a popular vote (referendum). Article b. The leading and directing force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people...”
Using the passage and your knowledge of history, choose three correct statements from the list below:
1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR by I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism presupposes that decisions of higher authorities are binding on lower ones
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR has never been implemented during the entire history of the Soviet Union
4) According to this passage, there is Soviet power in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the USSR Constitution presented in the passage was abolished before the collapse of the USSR
In this passage from the Constitution of the USSR there are several “beacons” that you need to pay attention to:
1) mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the “guiding and guiding force” of Soviet society. This immediately indicates that we have before us the “Brezhnev” Constitution of 1977.
2) mention of the referendum.
We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - discard immediately, because Brezhnev led. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 it is written quite clearly about this. 3) - not suitable, because a referendum on preserving the USSR was held in 1991 4) - definitely fits. 5) - not suitable, because Party congresses did not adopt the Constitution, but only Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 tbsp. was canceled in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which occurred in 1991.
Look at the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:
13. Name Russia’s enemy country in the war to which the diagram is dedicated:
Historical map tasks often cause difficulties. In this case, a map of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is presented. This is clear from the geographical names.
14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle indicated on the diagram by the number “1”:
The number “1” indicates the Battle of Mukden in Manchuria. The Russian troops were commanded by General Kuropatkin.
15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of which is shaded and indicated on the diagram with the number “2”:
The number “2” indicates the Tsushima naval battle.
16. Which judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six proposed. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:
1) The city indicated on the diagram by the number “3” was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number “2”, was commanded by Z.P. Rozhestvensky
3) A peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number “3”, was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle indicated on the diagram by the number “1”, Russian troops won.
Here again we choose the right judgments. The number 3 denotes the fortress city of Port Arthur; it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stoessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable, because The Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhdestvensky. 3) - suitable, because The peace treaty was actually signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - does not fit, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden the Russian army was most likely defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.
17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:
CULTURAL MONUMENTS
A) “The Tale of Bygone Years”
B) Tsar Cannon
B) painting “Boyarina Morozova”
D) sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Woman”
CHARACTERISTICS
1) the cultural monument was created in the 16th century.
2) the cultural monument was created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov
“The Tale of Bygone Years,” according to the generally accepted version, belongs to the pen of the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyaryna Morozova” was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” was created by V.I. Mukhina.
18.
Which judgments about this coin are correct? Choose two judgments from the five proposed:
1) This coin was released after the Cuban missile crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin was erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, to which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of the victory, began in the first ten days of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was created according to the design of sculptor V.I. Mukhina.
The anniversary coin depicts the sculpture “The Motherland Calls.” It was created in 1967 according to the design of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again we choose the right judgments. 1) - true, the Cuban Missile Crisis took place in 1962. 2) - true, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and installed in Volgograd. You can stop here; the condition required you to choose two correct judgments. 3) - incorrect, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.
19. Indicate photographs showing buildings whose construction was completed during the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):
First, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, at the time of the opening of the monument “The Motherland Calls!” In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building numbered 2) is suitable - the House of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is a book house on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.
TASKS 20-25
From the emperor's manifesto
“Immortal glory, wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, All-Russian Emperor, what burden and great labors he was forced to endure solely for the well-being and benefit of His fatherland, raising Russia to a perfect knowledge of both military, civil, and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but most of the world is not a false witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, first of all... to accustom the noble nobility and show how great the advantages of the proclaimed powers are in the well-being of the human race against countless peoples immersed in the depths of ignorance; Therefore, at that time, the very extreme insisted on the Russian nobility, showing its excellent signs of favor to them, ordered them to enter the military and civil services, and, moreover, to train noble youth not only in various liberal sciences, but also in many useful arts...
The aforementioned establishment, although at the beginning it was somewhat associated with coercion, but was very useful, was followed by everyone who owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially by Our Dear Aunt, of blessed memory, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, imitating the deeds of the Sovereign, Her Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences spread and multiplied... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit, that countless benefits have followed from this, rudeness has been destroyed in those who are careless about the common good, ignorance has changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skilled and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it has placed knowledgeable and fit for duty people, in a word, to conclude, noble thoughts have rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots boundless loyalty and love for Us, great zeal and excellent There is zeal for Our service, and therefore We do not find the need for compulsion to serve, which was necessary until now...
1) All nobles who are in Our various services can continue this for as long as they wish...”
20. Indicate the year in which this manifesto was published. Identify the emperor who issued this manifesto. Please provide a name for this manifest:
At the very beginning of the document it is stated that this is a manifesto. The text of the document speaks of the exemption of nobles from compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility from 1762, and its author is Peter III.
21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that forced Peter I to oblige the nobles to serve and study? What does the author of the manifesto see as the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?
This task can be completed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the benefit of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “disseminated and multiplied various sciences” (founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. This means there is no need to force him to do it.
22. Indicate any three measures that are not mentioned in this manifesto, taken by the author of the manifesto during his reign:
Peter III did not rule for long, about six months, and was killed by the guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but he managed to do something. Firstly, he abolished the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he brought Russia out of the Seven Years' War by concluding an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, brought the wrath of the guard upon him.
23. In 1990, a program for the transition of the USSR to a market economy was developed, which was called “500 days”. Indicate any two areas of economic reform that were planned to be implemented as part of the implementation of this program. Indicate the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:
The “500 days” program assumed a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: 1) privatize state property and 2) abolish centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program, fearing social unrest.
24. In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view existing in historical science:
“The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful”
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can confirm this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.
REASONING
Arguments in support:
1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Khaganate, to which the Slavs once even paid tribute.
2) He appointed his own sons as rulers of individual lands, not the leaders of tribal unions, as was the case before, which reduced the risk of separatism.
Arguments to refute:
1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kyiv squads without cover, which the Pechenegs took advantage of more than once.
2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, concluding a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Rus', and was killed by the Pechenegs while returning home from this campaign.
25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods of Russian history:
1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928. The essay must:
Evgeniy Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during the Patriotic War of 1812 to the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out in particular - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the Decembrist uprising of 1825.
The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to preserve the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and to prevent revolutions.
This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such Russian activity frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of having plans for expansion, for example, in the Balkans, which was later reflected during the Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. The lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's disappointing defeat in this war.
N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the “Constitution” - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they became acquainted with a way of life and methods of government that were very different from Russian realities. The officers dreamed of realizing the absence of serfdom and the relative economic well-being of peasants in Russia. In the way of this, in their opinion, stood the autocratic government, firmly standing guard over serfdom and administrative tyranny. Although until the end of the 1810s, its young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander had lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The Northern Society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, which proposed the preservation of the monarchy provided that it became constitutional. The Decembrist uprising, as they later became known, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of selfless service to the idea of the well-being of the country. Although there is another opinion, formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprising. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightening and embittering the authorities, and making liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways he was right."
*Since May 2017, the united publishing group "DROFA-VENTANA" has been part of the Russian Textbook corporation. The corporation also includes the Astrel publishing house and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Economic Sciences, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, digital educational platform LECTA) was appointed General Director. Before joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of vice president for strategic development and investments of the publishing holding EKSMO-AST.
Today, the publishing corporation "Russian Textbook" has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for special schools). The corporation's publishing houses own the most popular sets of textbooks in Russian schools in physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy - areas of knowledge that are needed for the development of the country's productive potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and teaching aids for primary schools, which were awarded the Presidential Award in the field of education. These are textbooks and manuals in subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and production potential of Russia.
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