Materials science and technology of nanomaterials and nanosystems. Materials science of nanomaterials and nanosystems

07.02.2024

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State educational institution

higher professional education

"Ivanovo State Textile Academy"

Department of Physics and Nanotechnology

		I APPROVED Vice Rector for Academic Affairs V.V. Lyubimtsev "_____"______2011

Materials science of nanomaterials and nanosystems

Code, direction of preparation	152200 Nanoengineering

Training profile	Nanomaterials

Loop, code	Mathematical and natural science (B.3.1-3a)

Semester(s)

Graduate qualification (degree)	bachelor

Form of study	full-time

Faculty	fashion industry

Ivanovo 2011

As a result of studying the discipline “Materials Science of Nanomaterials and Nanosystems”, students must: know: - properties and areas of application of nanodispersed powder, fullerene nanostructured solid, liquid and gel-like materials, nano-sized elements and objects, nanosystems (heterostructures); fundamentals of nanotechnology for producing nanomaterials; fundamentals of nanotechnology for producing nanostructured and gradient strengthening, protective and functional layers and coatings; fundamentals of technological processes for the synthesis of composite materials; be able to: - select nanostructures and methods of their production for the implementation of nanoobjects with specified characteristics for specific requirements for the conversion of electrical, optical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical signals; - use basic concepts and definitions when developing in-depth knowledge in the field of nanoengineering; - analyze the features of nanoproducts and nanotechnologies; draw up diagrams of technological equipment and devices for nanotechnological processes. own: - skills in solving problems of knowledge formation in the field of nanoengineering. The work program of the discipline provides for the following types of educational work:

Type of educational work	Total Hours/Credits	Semester number
Type of educational work	Total Hours/Credits
Classroom lessons (total)
Including:

Practical classes (seminars)
Independent work (total)
Preparation for practical classes (seminars)
Study of theoretical issues submitted for independent study
Preparation for the test
Type of intermediate certification (test, exam)
Total labor intensity: hours credit units

The discipline includes the following sections:

The history of the appearance of nanomaterials, the dynamics of their development and implementation in practice.

Basic concepts and classification of nanostructured materials.

Features of properties and main types of nano-sized systems.

Technological processes for the production, processing and modification of nanomaterials and products based on them.

Head of the department

A.K. Izgorodin

Teacher-developer

Carbon nanotube model

The end of one year and the beginning of the next is a special time when humanity is visited by the desire to analyze the past and think about what lies ahead. And at the beginning of the new year, we want to review the 10 most important achievements in nanotechnology since the beginning of its development related to materials science.

This is how J. Wood, one of its editors, begins his publication in the post-New Year issue of Materials Today magazine, asking what events of the last 50 years have determined today's high dynamics in the development of materials science. Wood identifies 10 events (not including the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, which is obviously an event of more significance to physicists than to materials scientists).

At the first place– “International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors” (ITRS), not a scientific discovery, but, in fact, a document (analytical review) compiled by a large international group of experts (in 1994, more than 400 technologists were involved in drawing up the Map, and in 2007 - already more than 1,200 specialists from industry, from national laboratories and academic organizations). Combining science, technology and economics, the Map sets goals achievable in a given period of time and the best paths to achieve them. The final report (in 2007 it contained 18 chapters and 1000 pages of text) is the result of consensus among most experts, reached after lengthy discussions. Russian organizers of nanoresearch faced a similar problem when choosing the target of nanodevelopment. They are trying in a short time to “inventory” what is already “nano-existent” in Russia and, calling on hastily created expert councils, to find the optimal direction for development. Familiarity with the contents of the ITRS report and experience in organizing these studies would obviously be helpful.

Rice. 1. Semiconductor research based on ITRS

Second place– scanning tunneling microscopy – does not cause any surprise, because it was this invention (1981) that served as the impetus for nanoresearch and nanotechnology.

Third place– the effect of giant magnetoresistance in multilayer structures made of magnetic and non-magnetic materials (1988); on its basis, read heads for hard drives, which are equipped with all personal computers today, were created.

Fourth place– GaAs semiconductor lasers and LEDs (the first development dates back to 1962), the main components of telecommunication systems, CD and DVD players, laser printers.

Fifth place– again refers not to a scientific discovery, but to a competently organized event in 2000 to promote massive promising scientific research – the so-called. "National Nanotechnology Initiative" USA. Science around the world now owes a lot to the enthusiasts of this initiative - then-President B. Clinton and Dr. M. Roco of the US National Science Foundation. The global volume of funding for nanoresearch in 2007 exceeded $12 billion. Corresponding scientific programs were launched in 60 (!) countries of the world. By the way, the position of some Russian scientists who are dissatisfied with the “nanoblizzard” [for example, 2] is a little unclear, because it was this blizzard that forced the Russian government to finally turn its face to science.

Rice. 2. Bicycle reinforced with nanofibers

Sixth place– plastics reinforced with carbon fibers. Composite materials - lightweight and strong - have transformed many industries: aircraft manufacturing, space technology, transportation, packaging materials, sports equipment.

Seventh place– materials for lithium ion batteries. It’s hard to imagine that just recently we managed without laptops and mobile phones. This “mobile revolution” would not have been possible without a transition from rechargeable batteries using aqueous electrolytes to more energy-dense lithium ion batteries (cathode - LiCoO__2__ or LiFeO__4__, anode - carbon).

Eighth place– carbon nanotubes (1991), their discovery was preceded by the no less sensational discovery of C__60__ fullerenes in 1985. Today, the amazing, unique and promising properties of carbon nanostructures are at the center of the hottest publications. However, there are still many questions regarding methods for their mass synthesis with uniform properties, purification methods, and technologies for their inclusion in nanodevices.

Rice. 3. Metamaterial that absorbs electromagnetic radiation

Ninth place– materials for soft printed lithography. Lithographic processes are central to the production of today's microelectronic devices and circuits, storage media and other products, with no alternative in sight in the near future. Soft printing lithography uses a resilient polydimethyloxysilane stamp that can be used repeatedly. The method can be used on flat, curved and flexible substrates with resolutions of up to 30 nm achieved to date.

Recommended for publication by the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (IMET) named after. A.A. Baikov RAS (laboratory of physical chemistry and coating technology - head of laboratory V.I. Kalita, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor) and St. Petersburg University of Engineering and Economics (department of engineering and technical sciences - head of department V.K. Fedyukin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Higher Education) as a textbook for university students studying in technological areas of training as part of the course “Modern technologies and materials in industries.”

Received the UMO stamp for PPO No. 04-01 (Approved by the Educational and Methodological Association for Vocational Pedagogical Education as a teaching aid for students of higher educational institutions).

Scientific and technological progress in the field of high technologies - in materials science, electronics, micromechanics, medicine and other areas of human activity is associated with the results of fundamental and applied research, design and practical use of structures, materials and devices, the elements of which have dimensions in the nanometer range (1 nm = 10-9m), and the development of technologies for their production (nanotechnologies) and diagnostic methods. The objects of nanotechnology in materials science are dispersed materials, films and nanocrystalline materials.

The purpose of the manual is to familiarize students and specialists with a new effective direction in the development of science and technology in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, in particular, the synthesis of nanocrystalline structural materials with unique properties and examples of their use in industry.

The manual examines the theoretical and technological foundations, problems and prospects of nanoscience and nanoindustry. Definitions of the basic concepts of nanoscience are proposed. Data on nanomaterials and nanostructures are systematized, and their classification is given. Methods for researching and constructing nanostructures are described. An analysis of methods for the synthesis of nanostructured materials and a number of examples of their application in traditional and new technologies in various industries is given. The features of changes in the physical, mechanical and technological properties of structural and functional nanomaterials are considered.

The textbook was developed for students of higher educational institutions studying in various specialties, studying courses in materials science and technology of structural materials. May be useful to graduate students, specialists and researchers involved in the issues of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.

Structure of the tutorial:

Introduction.

Chapter 1. Fundamentals and aspects of the development of the science of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.

Chapter 2. Nanomaterials and nanostructures.

Chapter 3. Methods for studying and designing nanostructures.

Chapter 4. Technologies for obtaining nanostructured materials and manufacturing nanoproducts.

Chapter 5. Mechanical properties of nanomaterials.

Conclusion.

Bibliographic list.

List of terms.

Appendix: Specialized Exhibition of Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials.

Bibliographic link

Zabelin S.F., Alymova M.I. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS (TEACHING MANUAL) // International Journal of Experimental Education. – 2015. – No. 1. – P. 65-66;
URL: http://expeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=6342 (date of access: 09/17/2019). We bring to your attention magazines published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural Sciences"

Materials have always played a vital role in the development of civilization. Scientists say that human history can be described as a change in the materials used. The eras of the history of civilization were named according to the materials: Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages. Perhaps the current era will be called the century of composite materials. In developed countries, materials science is ranked among the top three priority areas of knowledge, along with information technology and biotechnology.

Each branch of technology, as it develops, places increasingly diverse and high demands on materials. For example, structural materials for satellites and spacecraft, in addition to temperature (high and ultra-low temperatures) and thermal cyclic resistance, must have tightness under conditions of absolute vacuum, resistance to vibration, high accelerations (tens of thousands of times greater than the acceleration of gravity), meteorite bombardment, prolonged exposure to plasma, radiation, weightlessness, etc. Only composite materials consisting of several components with sharply different properties can satisfy such contradictory requirements.

Layered intermetallic composite with increased heat resistance

Fiber composite with superconductivity

Wear-resistant dispersion-strengthened composite material

The development of nanotechnology (one of the branches of modern materials science), according to the forecasts of most experts, will determine the shape of the 21st century. This is confirmed by the awarding of four Nobel Prizes in the field of chemistry and physics over the past 15 years: for the discovery of new forms of carbon - fullerenes (1996) and graphene (2010), for developments in the field of semiconductor technology and integrated circuits (2000). ), optical semiconductor sensors (2009). Russia is in second place in the world in terms of investment in nanotechnology, second only to the United States (in 2011, investment amounted to about $2 billion). Currently, science is experiencing a real boom in new materials. In this regard, materials scientists are in demand in many industries: nuclear energy, medicine, oil production, automotive, aviation, space, defense, energy industries, elite sports industry, research institutes, innovative companies producing high-tech products.

Parts and components of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft made of composite materials

Flexible graphene-based displays

Modern sports equipment made from composite materials

Materials scientists are involved in the development, research and modification of materials of organic and inorganic nature for various purposes; processes of their production, structure formation, transformation at the stages of production, processing and operation; issues of reliability and efficiency of materials; computer modeling of the behavior of parts and assemblies under various types of loading; provide technical support to various production departments in matters relating to materials for the manufacture of units and equipment components, and participate in the selection and evaluation of potential suppliers of the company.

Graduates of the “Materials Science” direction of Volgograd State Technical University are in demand and work in large companies and enterprises: JSC SUAL branch VgAZ-SUAL, LLC LUKOIL - Volgogradneftepererabotka, JSC VNIKTIneftekhimoborudovanie, JSC Volgogradneftemash, JSC Central Design Bureau Titan, JSC Neftezavodmontazh ", JSC VMK "Red October", JSC "Volzhsky Pipe Plant", JSC "TK "Neftekhimgaz", JSC "Expertiza", LLC "Volgogradnefteproekt", JSC "Kaustik", LLC "Konstanta-2" and many others.

The preparation of certified bachelors and masters is carried out within the framework of the direction “Materials Science and Materials Technology” at

The Department of Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Mechanics was created in December 2011 on the basis of two departments of the TSU Institute of Physics and Technology and has deep historical roots. The origins of the department were world-class scientists, professors M.A. Crystal, G.F. Lepin and E.A. Mamontov, who made a huge contribution to the science of physical materials science and created the foundation of the research base for materials science at the university.

Section "Mechanics"; basic department “Nanomaterials” (Moscow, Central Research Institute of Chermet named after I.P. Bardin), scientific and educational center “Physical materials science and nanotechnologies”;

More than 20 modern, well-equipped educational and research laboratories of electronic, laser, atomic force microscopy, physical and mechanical testing, X-ray diffraction analysis, metallography and acoustic emission, etc., three of which are accredited in the systems of Rostechnadzor and analytical laboratories (SAAL );

International School "Physical Materials Science"

Cooperation with leading Russian and foreign scientific schools, including universities in Germany (Freiberg), Japan (Osako, Kyoto), Australia (Melbourne), etc.

All senior students are engaged in fruitful research work and annually become winners and laureates of scientific work competitions and graduation projects. Almost 100% of the department’s graduates are employed, of which 80% work in their specialty in the research center and laboratory testing department of PJSC AVTOVAZ, laboratories of the Samara Regional Innovation and Technology Center, as well as in expert organizations.

Acting Head of the Department

professor, doctor of technical sciences

KlevtsovGennady Vsevolodovich

Areas of training

Bachelor's degree:
– 03/22/01 Materials science and materials technology (profile “Modern materials and technologies for their production”)

Master's degree:
– 04/22/01 Materials science and materials technology

(profile “Engineering of advanced materials and diagnostics of the behavior of materials in products”)

Postgraduate studies:
– 03.06.01 Physics and astronomy

(profile “Physics of Condensed Matter”)

– 06.22.01 Technologies of materials (profile “Metal science and heat treatment of metals and alloys”)

Goals of the educational program 04/22/01 Materials science and materials technology (Engineering of advanced materials and diagnostics of the behavior of materials in products):

C 1. Preparing graduates for research work in the field of modern materials science.

Ts2. Preparing graduates to create new materials, study their properties, and develop technology for their production.

C3. Preparing graduates for the design of materials with specified properties.

C 4. Preparing graduates for production and technological activities that ensure the implementation of new high-tech developments that are in demand at the global level.