The plot of the novel "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev is built around a dispute between the old way of life and new views. The first ones represent two heroes of the work: the landowners brothers Nikolai and Pavel Kirsanov.
Pavel senior. He is a bachelor, retired officer. He has a difficult character - he is used to everyone agreeing with him. His younger brother Nikolai prefers peace in the shadow of his brother.
Pavel's opponent, Evgeny Bazarov, is a friend of his nephew Arkady. Bazarov comes from a poor family, he despises the old order, but just like Pavel Kirsanov, he strives to become an indisputable authority. Arkady Kirsanov can be called a minor character.
Table of characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?
There are not very many main characters in Fathers and Sons.
First, this is Evgeny Bazarov. A very self-confident young man. Practically revolutionary. I wanted to abolish serfdom, the wealthy began to work. He considered Russian people dark and not particularly intellectually developed. Nihilist.
Secondly, Arkady Kirsanov. He is a friend of Eugene, he is only 23 years old, but he is very guided by his comrade, gentle, at the same time he loves life, his wife and relatives.
Thirdly, N. P Kirsanov is the father of Arkady. Belongs to the older generation. He did not serve because his leg was broken, he is engaged in his landlord affairs, but not very well. Loves children.
Fourth, P. P Kirsanov is the brother of Arkady Kirsanov. Smug, caustic and at the same time dandy, loves high society. From the very beginning, he took a dislike to Evgeny Bazarov.
Fifth, Anna Odintsova is a typical woman of that time. Cold, calculating, but knows how to show tenderness and gentleness when she needs it.
Quotation characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?
The novel "Fathers and Sons" is one of my favorite works since school, I reread it several times, and each time it is perceived differently. I guess it's about age. When the worldview changes, the attitude towards different characters also changes.
I suggest you familiarize yourself with the characteristics P.P. Kirsanova: in terms of appearance, he is of medium height. Its appearance is graceful and thoroughbred. His face is without wrinkles, and his eyes are light, oblong. He is the son of a general, was brought up at home, then in the Corps of Pages.
Evgeny Bazarov- tall, his face is thin and long, his forehead is wide. The nose is pointed, the eyes are large and greenish. The son of a doctor, he studied at the medical faculty.
Brief characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?
There are five main characters in Ivan Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons". This is the father and son of the Kirsanovs, the uncle of the family, the friend of the younger Kirsanov Bazarov and the landowner, the neighbor of the Kirsanovs Odintsov.
Senior Kirsanov is a quiet and peaceful person, inclined to compromise. His brother is Pavel, a confident, proud and wayward man, a retired officer.
Arkady is the younger Kirsanov, a spineless young man who easily falls under the influence of Bazarov. Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist. He is stubborn, does not back down in an argument and has a keen interest in science. Anna Odintsova is a calculating woman who is afraid of strong feelings.
IVAN SERGEEVICH TURGENEV
(1818–1883)
ROMAN "FATHERS AND CHILDREN"
IN TABLES
The history of the creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons"
The idea emerges in the summer of 1860. In August 1861, the novel is over.
In 1862 it was published as a separate edition. Turgenev dedicates it
V.G.Belinsky. The dedication had a programmatic and polemical connotation.
The release of the novel became a public event. Critics reacted vividly to the novel; many articles and reviews appeared that were of an acute polemical nature. The most famous reviews are articles
M. Antonovich "Asmodeus of our time", D. Pisarev "Bazarov",
N. Strakhova "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev ". Also wrote about the novel
F. M. Dostoevsky, A. I. Herzen, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, N. S. Leskov.
Conflicts of the novel
External
Interior
Confrontation between different generations.
It manifests itself in the relationship between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov, Nikolai Petrovich and Arkady, Bazarov and his parents.
The struggle between Bazarov's worldview and feelings, the inapplicability of his theory in practice.
The plot of the novel
Chapter 1.
Exposition of the Kirsanovs.
The life story of Nikolai Petrovich, awaiting the arrival of his son Arkady
Chapters 2-3.
Bazarov's exposition
A portrait and the first characterization of the protagonist of the novel, Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov, a friend of Arkady, who came with him, are given."Wonderful guy, so simple" (Arkady about Bazarov)
Chapters 4-11.
The outset of an external conflict. Development of action.
Bazarov meets Arkady's uncle, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
An ideological polemic unfolds between the heroes, the irreconcilability of their views turns into contempt on the part of Bazarov and hatred on the part of Pavel Petrovich.
Chapters 12-13.
Development preparation
internal conflict.
The struggle between feelings and worldview of Bazarov, a parody of "provincial nihilists".
Chapter 14.
Tying the inner
conflict.
At the governor's ball, Bazarov meets with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova.
Chapters 15-17.
Action development
The trip of Bazarov and Arkady to Nikolskoye, unexpected feelings of Bazarov.
Chapters 18-19.
Climax
internal conflict.
Explanation of the hero with Odintsova, departure of Bazarov.
Chapters 20-21.
Aggravation of the internal
conflict.
A visit by friends to Bazarov's parental home, a trip to Nikolskoye, return to Maryino.
Chapters 22-23.
Development of external
conflict.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich again collide in their interest in Fenechka, a girl from the people who gave birth to a child to Nikolai Petrovich. Pavel Petrovich Fenechka reminds one of his former love - Nelly, while Bazarov, through courting Fenechka, tries to assert himself after his failure with Odintsova.
Chapter 24.
Climax
and the decoupling of the external
conflict.
A duel takes place between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, as a result of which Pavel Petrovich is slightly wounded, and Bazarov leaves Maryino. Ideological struggle fades into the background, personal feelings dominate in the relations between the characters.
Chapters 25-26.
Bazarov goes through the city *** to Nikolskoe.
He breaks off relations with the Kirsanovs, with Arkady, his only friend, with Odintsova.
Chapter 27.
Aggravated
and permission of the internal
conflict
In the parental home, where memories of childhood are vivid, natural, immediate feelings are manifested - that which Bazarov tried to suppress in himself, armed with "the latest theories." During one of his operations, Bazarov becomes infected with typhus through a cut in his finger. With the death of the hero, there is a denouement of an internal conflict that is insoluble in life.
Chapter 28.
Epilogue.
Six months after Bazarov's death, Arkady's weddings took place with Odintsova's sister, Katya Lokteva, and Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich went abroad. Anna Sergeevna Odintsova got married "not out of love, but out of conviction." Bazarov's grave is visited by his old parents.
Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov
Bazarov's nihilism
Bazarov calls himself a nihilist (from lat.nihil - nothing).
Bazarov's complex of convictions is not an artistic exaggeration; his image reflects the characteristic features of representatives of democratic youth of the 1860s.
Nihilists deny their contemporary social order, oppose admiration for any authority, reject principles taken on faith, deny art and beauty, any feelings, including love, are explained physiologically.
“We guessed that chatting, just chatting about our ulcers is not worth the trouble, that it only leads to vulgarity and doctrinaire; we saw that our clever people, the so-called progressive people and accusers, are worthless, that we are doing nonsense, talking about some kind of art, unconscious creativity, about parliamentarism, about the legal profession, and the devil knows what when it comes to pressing bread, when the grossest superstition chokes us, when all our joint-stock companies collapse solely because there is a shortage of honest people, when the very freedom that the government is trying to get away with will hardly be of use to us, because our peasant is glad to rob himself so that only to get drunk in a tavern ".
"Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it."
"A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet."
"The important thing is that twice two is four, and the rest is all nonsense."
"Every person must educate himself - well, at least like me, for example ...".
“We act by virtue of what we find useful. Negation is most useful at the present time - we deny. "
"We break because we are strong."
“- Why, one must also build.
- This is no longer our business ... First we need to clear the place. "
“So what then? are you acting or what? Are you going to act?
- Bazarov did not answer anything "
The dynamics of Bazarov's image
At the beginning of the novel, Bazarov appears as a person who is confident in the correctness and incontestability of his outlook on life. However, gradually living life is making adjustments to his worldview.
Turgenev leads Bazarov through the tests of love and death - two ontological situations through which, according to Turgenev, only true knowledge of life is possible. (Ontology (from the Greek.уn ( уntos ) - real andlogos - doctrine) - a section of philosophy that studies the foundations of being, world order, its structure).
Bazarov's initial self-confidence disappears, his inner life becomes more and more complex and contradictory.
The "blinders" of nihilism move apart, life appears before the hero in all its complexity.
Before his death, Bazarov becomes simpler and softer: he does not oppose when his father insists on a confession before his death, asks Madame Odintsov to "caress" his parents. A complete reassessment of values is taking place in the hero's mind:
“And I also thought: I will break off a lot of things, I will not die, where! there is a task, because I am a giant! And now the whole task of the giant is how to die decently "
Criticism's perception of Bazarov's image
Two points of view
M. Antonovich (Sovremennik magazine). Articles "Asmodeus of our time", "Misses", "Modern novels"
He interpreted the image of Bazarov as a caricature of modern youth in the image of "a glutton, a talker and a cynic."
D. Pisarev "Bazarov"
Reveals the historical significance of the type depicted by Turgenev. He believed that at the present stage of its development, Russia needs people like Bazarov: they are critical of everything that has not been verified by their personal experience, they are used to relying only on themselves, they have reason and will
The character system of the novel
Two camps
"Fathers"
The older generation
"Children"
Younger generation
Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov;
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov;
Bazarov's parents
(Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna)
Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov;
Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov;
Kukshina Avdotya Nikitishna;
Victor Sitnikov
Bazarov's doubles
Sitnikov
Kukshina
Calls himself an “old acquaintance” of Bazarov and his student.
Sitnikov's adherence to new ideas is ostentatious: he is dressed in a Slavophile Hungarian, on his business cards, in addition to French, there is also a Russian text executed in Slavic script.
Sitnikov repeats Bazarov's thoughts, vulgarizing and distorting them.
In the epilogue of Sitnikov“He is huddled in St. Petersburg and, according to his assurances, is continuing Bazarov’s“ business ”.<…>His father pushes them around as before, but his wife considers him a fool ... and a writer. "
Considers himself to be "emancipated ladies". She is "worried" about the "women's question", physiology, embryology, chemistry, education, etc. She is cheeky, vulgar, stupid.
In the epilogue:“She is now in Heidelberg and is no longer studying natural sciences, but architecture, in which, according to her, she discovered new laws.
She still hangs around with students, especially with young Russian physicists and chemists,<…>who, surprising at first naive German professors with their sober view of things, subsequently
surprise the same professors with their complete inaction and absolute laziness. "
The doubles are parodies of Bazarov, reveal the weaknesses of his maximalist worldview.
For Sitnikov and Kukshina, fashionable ideas are just a way to stand out.
They make a contrast to Bazarov, for whom nihilism is a consciously chosen position.
Female images
Anna
Sergeevna
Odintsova
Young beautiful woman, rich widow.
Odintsova's father was a famous card sharper. She received an excellent upbringing in St. Petersburg, brings up her younger sister, Katya, whom she sincerely loves, but hides her feelings.
Odintsova is smart, reasonable, confident. She emanates calmness, aristocracy.
Most of all, she values peace, stability and comfort. Bazarov arouses interest in her, gives food to her inquiring mind, but feelings for him do not take her out of her usual balance.
She is incapable of strong passion.
Fenechka
A young woman of "ignoble birth" whom Nikolai Petrovich loves. Fenichka is kind, disinterested, simple-minded, honest, open, she sincerely and deeply loves Nikolai Petrovich and her son Mitya. The main thing in her life is her family, so the persecution of Bazarov and the suspicions of Nikolai Petrovich insult her.
Kate
Lokteva
The younger sister of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova.
Sensitive nature - loves nature, music, but at the same time shows firmness of character.
Katya does not understand Bazarov, she is even afraid of him, Arkady is much closer to her. She tells Arkady about Bazarov:"He is predatory, and you and I are handy."
Katya is the embodiment of the ideal of family life, which Arkady secretly aspired to, thanks to her Arkady returns to the camp of the fathers.
The novel became significant for its time, and the image of the protagonist Yevgeny Bazarov was perceived by young people as an example to follow. Ideals such as uncompromising, lack of admiration for authorities and old truths, the priority of the useful over the beautiful, were perceived by people of that time and were reflected in Bazarov's worldview.
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The novel takes place in the summer of 1859, that is, on the eve of the peasant reform of 1861.
Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov come to Maryino and for some time they visit the Kirsanovs (father of Nikolai Petrovich and uncle Pavel Petrovich). The tense relationship with the older Kirsanovs forces Bazarov to leave Maryino and go to the provincial town ***. Arkady goes with him. Bazarov and Arkady spend time in the company of local "progressive" youth - Kukshina and Sitnikov. Then, at the governor's ball, they meet Madame Odintsova. Bazarov and Arkady go to Nikolskoye, Odintsova's estate, Mrs. Kukshina, stung by them, remains in the city. Bazarov and Arkady, carried away by Odintsova, spend some time in Nikolskoye. After an unsuccessful declaration of love, Bazarov, who frightened Odintsov, is forced to leave. He goes to his parents (Vasily and Arina Bazarov), Arkady goes with him. Bazarov, along with Arkady, is visiting his parents. Tired of the manifestations of parental love, Bazarov leaves the discouraged father and mother, and together with Arkady goes back to Maryino. On the way, they accidentally stop by at Nikolskoe, but, having met a cold welcome, they return to Maryino. Bazarov lives for some time in Maryino. The surging impulse of passion splashes into a kiss with Fenechka, the mother of the illegitimate son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, and because of her he shoots himself in a duel with Pavel Petrovich. Arkady, returning to Maryino, leaves alone for Nikolskoye and remains with Odintsova, more and more carried away by her sister Katya. Having finally ruined relations with the older Kirsanovs, Bazarov also went to Nikolskoye. Bazarov apologizes to Madame Odintsova for his feelings. Odintsova accepts the apology, and Bazarov spends several days in Nikolskoye. Arkady declares his love to Katya. Having said goodbye to Arkady forever, Bazarov again returns to his parents. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies of blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during the autopsy of a person who died of typhus. Before his death, he sees Madame Odintsova for the last time, who comes to him at his request. Arkady Kirsanov marries Katya, and Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich goes abroad forever.
main characters
- Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov- nihilist, student, studying to be a doctor. In nihilism, he is Arkady's mentor, protests against the liberal ideas of the Kirsanov brothers and the conservative views of his parents. The revolutionary is a democrat, a commoner. Towards the end of the novel, he falls in love with Odintsova, changing his nihilistic views on love. Love turned out to be a test for Bazarov, he understands that an obvious romantic lives in him - he even declares his love to Odintsova. At the end of the book he works as a rural doctor. Opening a man who died of typhus, he himself becomes infected through inattention. After death, a religious ceremony is performed over him.
- Nikolay Petrovich Kirsanov- a landowner, a liberal, Arkady's father, a widower. Loves music and poetry. Interested in progressive ideas, including in agriculture. At the beginning of the novel, he is ashamed of his love for Fenechka, a woman from the common people, but then he marries her.
- Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- Nikolai Petrovich's elder brother, retired officer, aristocrat, proud, self-confident, ardent adherent of liberalism. Often argues with Bazarov about love, nature, aristocracy, art, science. Lonely. In his youth, he experienced tragic love. He sees Princess R. in Fenechka, with whom he was in love. Hates Bazarov and challenges him to a duel, in which he is slightly wounded in the thigh.
- Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov- the son of the first wife of Nikolai Petrovich - Maria. A recent candidate of sciences at St. Petersburg University and a friend of Bazarov. Becomes a nihilist under the influence of Bazarov, but then abandons these ideas.
- Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov- Bazarov's father, a retired army surgeon. Not rich. Manages his wife's estate. Moderately educated and enlightened, he feels that rural life has left him isolated from modern ideas. He adheres to generally conservative views, is religious, loves his son immensely.
- Arina Vlasyevna- Bazarov's mother. It is she who owns the village of the Bazarovs and 15 souls of serfs. A devout follower of Orthodoxy. Very superstitious. Suspicious and sentimental-sensitive. Loves her son, deeply concerned about his renunciation of the faith.
- Anna Sergeevna Odintsova- a wealthy widow who accepts nihilist friends on her estate. Sympathizes with Bazarov, but after his recognition does not reciprocate. He considers a calm life without worries most important, including more important than love.
- Katerina (Ekaterina Sergeevna Lokteva) - the sister of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a quiet girl, imperceptible in the shadow of her sister, plays the clavichord. Arkady spends a lot of time with her, languishing with love for Anna. But later he realizes his love for Katya. At the end of the novel, Catherine marries Arkady.
Other heroes
- Victor Sitnikov- an acquaintance of Bazarov and Arkady, an adherent of nihilism. Belongs to the category of "progressives" who reject any authority, chasing the fashion for "free thinking". He really does not know anything and does not know how, but in his "nihilism" leaves both Arkady and Bazarov far behind him. Bazarov openly despises Sitnikova.
- Evdoksiya Kukshina- Sitnikov's acquaintance, who, like him, is a pseudo-adherent of nihilism.
- Fenechka(Fedosya Nikolaevna) - daughter of Nikolai Petrovich's housekeeper - Arina Savishna. After the death of her mother, she became the mistress of the master and the mother of his child. It becomes a reason for a duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, since Bazarov, finding Fenechka alone, kisses her tightly, and Pavel Petrovich becomes an accidental witness of the kiss, who is deeply indignant at the act of "this hairy", he is especially indignant also because and he himself is not completely indifferent to his brother's beloved. In the end, Fenechka became the wife of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.
- Dunyasha- Fenichka's servant.
- Peter- Servant of the Kirsanovs.
- Princess R. (Nelly)- the beloved of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
- Matvey Ilyich Kolyazin- an official in the City ***.
- Sergey Nikolaevich Loktev- father of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova and Katerina. The well-known swindler and gambler, after 15 years of life in Moscow and St. Petersburg, “lost to dust” and was forced to settle in the village.
- Princess Avdotya Stepanovna- the aunt of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, an angry and arrogant old woman. After the death of her father, Anna Sergeevna settled her at her place. At the end of the novel, he dies, "forgotten on the very day of death."
- Timofeich- Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov's clerk, a former uncle of Evgeny Bazarov. A shabby and nimble old man with faded yellow hair.
Adaptation of the novel
- 1915 - Fathers and Sons (dir.
For a long time, the author limited himself to writing short stories and short stories. He seemed to be accumulating strength and life experience for his novels, which brought him worldwide fame. Even his first novel "Rudin", the writer at first defined as a story. Later, the author began to work out with the novels, and one after another, in ten years, he wrote six works.
The history of the creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons"
Turgenev began to publish his novels starting in 1856, and all his works became an integral and important part of Russian literature.
Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" became the fourth novel in the writer's literary career. The years of its creation are 1860-1861, when the writer began to feel more confident. By right, this novel is considered the pinnacle of his work, where all the writing manners are perfectly visible. And today this novel is the most famous work of Ivan Turgenev, and its popularity is still growing, since the plot raises very important problems that are relevant today.The author tried to convey a lot to the reader. He perfectly portrayed how relations develop between people belonging to different social strata. I tried to reflect modern reality, and touched on those topics that are still of interest to people. But then Ivan Sergeevich himself repeatedly emphasized that it is very important for him to show his writing skills in the book, and not just to gain fame and popularity by discussing pressing problems.
A striking example of this is his novel Fathers and Sons, which was published in 1862. At this time, the political situation in the country was tense. Finally, serfdom was abolished, Russia and Europe began to converge. Hence the various philosophical trends that began to emerge in Russia.
However, the main action of the novel dates back to the time before reforms took place in Russia. The actions of Turgenev's novel can be roughly dated back to 1859. It was Ivan Turgenev who first introduced such a concept as "nihilism", which is becoming a new direction in the country's public life and gaining popularity.
The protagonist of Turgenev's novel is Evgeny Bazarov. He is just a nihilist. Young people of that time took him as an example to follow, highlighting in him such moral qualities as
uncompromising, lack of any respect or admiration for what older or authoritative people say.
Turgenev's hero puts his views above all else. Everything that can be useful or beautiful, but does not coincide with his worldview, everything recedes into the background. This was unusual for the literature of that time, which is why the phenomenon depicted by the author found such a lively response among readers.
The plot of Turgenev's work "Fathers and Sons"
The action takes place in 1859. Two friends - nihilists come to the Kirsanovs' estate, which is located in Maryino. Arkady met his new friend Yevgeny Bazarov at the institute, where he studied to be a doctor. Nikolai Petrovich, who missed his son very much, was looking forward to this arrival. But unfortunately, Evgeny's relationship with the older Kirsanovs does not go well, and Evgeny decides to leave their hospitable home and moved to a small town in the province.
Arkady leaves with him. Together they have a great time in the company of young people and beautiful girls. But one day at the ball they meet Madame Odintsova, both fall in love with her and go to her estate, accepting the invitation. For some time they live in Nikolskoye, but Eugene's explanation does not receive reciprocity, so he leaves. This time he goes to his parents, and Arkady goes with him. But the love of the old Bazarovs soon begins to irritate Yevgeny, so they again return to Maryino to the Kirsanov family. Bazarov, who is trying to find a way out of the love he has for Anna Sergeevna, kisses Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich sees this and challenges him to a duel. All this led to a scandal, and the friends part.But Arkady, who has been visiting Nikolskoye for a long time and is fascinated by Katenka, once meets Bazarov there. After Arkady's explanation and his declaration of love in Katenka, Bazarov returns to his parents. He decides to forget Odintsova, so he begins to act decisively and helps his father treat typhus patients. Once he contracted the disease when he opened a deceased peasant from typhus. He tried to invent a drug that could heal everyone. He is ill for a long time, and then dies. Before his death, he asks Odintsova to come and she fulfills his request. Arkady marries his sister Odintsova, and Nikolai Kirsanov finally decides to legalize his relationship with Fenechka. His older brother leaves the country for good and settles abroad.
Heroes of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"
Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" has a large number of heroes. Among them are the main characters who influence the entire plot of the novel. There are episodic ones that add flavor and allow the author to express their thoughts even brighter and more accessible.
The main characters of the work "Fathers and Sons" include the following persons:
★ Bazarov.
★ The Kirsanov brothers: Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich.
★ Arkady Kirsanov.
Bazarov is a student, a nihilist. He is going to become a doctor in the future. Evgeny Vasilievich has practically no friends. But now he meets the Kirsanov family. So, he first meets Arkady, who is easily influenced, so he tries to impose his views on him as a nihilist. He does not understand and does not at all want to accept people of the older generation, does not take into account the opinion of his parents. Bazarov is a commoner, that is, a person who has broken away from his previously familiar environment. But falling in love with Odintsov suddenly changes his views, and soon it turns out that a real romantic lives in his soul. After his death, a religious ceremony is performed over his body, like an ordinary and ordinary person.
Nikolai Petrovich is one of the main characters in Turgenev's novel. Kirsanov is the landowner and father of Arkady. He adheres to conservative views, and therefore does not accept Bazarov's nihilism. His wife died long ago, but there is another love in his life - for Fenechka, a peasant woman. At the end of the novel, despite all the conventions of society, he marries her. He is romantic, loves music and has a good relationship with poetry. His older brother, Pavel Petrovich, is very different in character. Pavel Petrovich was once an officer, but now he is retired. He is aristocratic, self-confident, proud. He loves to talk about art and science. Once he was in love, but love ended in tragedy. His attitude to other heroes is different: he loves his nephew and brother. She also treats Fenechka well, because she resembles that woman, the princess, with whom he was once in love. But he openly hates Bazarov both for his views and for his behavior, he even challenges him to a duel. In this battle, Pavel Petrovich was slightly wounded.
Arkasha Kirsanov is a friend of Bazarov and the son of the younger brother of the Kirsanovs. He will also become a doctor in the future, but for now he is only a student. The nihilist Bazarov exerts a tremendous influence on him and for some time he adheres to his views and ideas, but, once in the parental house, refuses them.There are other characters in Turgenev's novel that cannot be classified as episodic, but they do not have the main role for the disclosure of the plot:
⇒ Bazarov, father of the nihilist Eugene. Vasily Ivanovich was once a surgeon in the army, and is currently retired. He is educated and smart, but not rich. He loves his son, but does not share his views, adhering to conservative ideas.
⇒ Arina Vlasyevna is a pious woman, Bazarov's mother. She has a small estate, which is managed by her husband and 10-15 serfs. Superstitious and suspicious, she is very worried about her son.
⇒ Odintsova. Anna Sergeevna prefers a calm and measured life. When she listens to a declaration of love from Bazarov, she refuses him, although he was nevertheless sympathetic to her. She is rich and inherited this wealth from her husband.
⇒ Katenka Lokteva is a quiet and almost invisible girl who is always in the shadow of her sister Odintsova. Arkady is in love with her, who was not immediately able to understand his feelings, because of Odintsova's hobby for Anna. Katya will marry Arkady.
There are many episodic faces in Turgenev's novel:
Viktor Sitnikov is an adherent of nihilism.
Kukshina is a nihilist, but Evdoksya adheres to these ideas only for his own good.
Fenechka. She gave birth to a child for her master, and then became his wife. Because of her, the eldest of the Kirsanovs and Bazars fights.
Dunya, Fenichka's maid.
Peter, servant in the Kirsanovs' house.
Princess Nelly R, with whom the elder Kirsanov was once in love.
Kolyazin is a city official.
Loktev is the father of two young and beautiful heroines of Turgenev's novel.
Avdotya Stepanovna is the aunt of the young heroines, a princess, but an evil and very harmful old woman.
Timofeevich, clerk.Critical reviews and ratings
Turgenev's work was perceived in different ways. For example, readers did not approve of the protagonist of Turgenev's novel, who stepped over many values. But young people, on the contrary, tried in every possible way to support him, believing that the main character of the work is a vivid reflection of the world in which they live.
The opinions of the censors were also divided. An unusual and stormy dispute flared up on the pages of the Sovremennik magazines and the famous Russian Word. At this time, riots broke out in the city on the Neva, when unknown aggressive young people staged a pogrom. As a result of the riots, people died. Many believed that Ivan Turgenev, who wrote the novel "Fathers and Sons", was to blame for this, because only his new phenomenon, like nihilism, could lead to such a result. Some even believed that Turgenev's novel could not be called a work of fiction.But there were also those who defended the writer and his novel, believing that these riots would have taken place without Turgenev's work.
The critics agreed on one thing - the novel was written very worthily, from the point of view of artistic literary language. That is why the novel written by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev a century and a half ago for his contemporaries remains relevant today.
Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" reveals several problems at once. One reflects the conflict of generations and clearly demonstrates a way to get out of it, while preserving the main thing - the value of the family. The second one demonstrates the processes taking place in the society of that time. Through dialogues and skillfully designed images of heroes, a type of public figure that has just begun to emerge is presented, denying all the foundations of the existing statehood and ridiculing such moral and ethical values as love feelings and sincere attachments.
Ivan Sergeevich himself in the work does not take any of the sides. As an author, he condemns both the nobility and representatives of new social and political movements, clearly showing that the value of life and sincere affections is much higher than rebellion and political passions.
History of creation
Of all the works of Turgenev, the novel "Fathers and Sons" was the only one written in a short time. Only two years passed from the moment the idea was conceived to the first publication of the manuscript.
The first thoughts of a new story came to the writer in August 1860 during his stay in England on the Isle of Wight. This was facilitated by Turgenev's acquaintance with a provincial young doctor. Fate pushed them in bad weather on an iron road, and under the pressure of circumstances, they talked with Ivan Sergeevich all night. New acquaintances were shown the ideas that the reader could later observe in Bazarov's speeches. The doctor became the prototype for the protagonist.
(The estate of the Kirsanovs from the film "Fathers and Sons", filming location Fryanovo estate, 1983)
In the autumn of the same year, upon his return to Paris, Turgenev worked on the plot of the novel and began writing chapters. Within six months, half of the manuscript was ready, and he finished it after his arrival in Russia, in the middle of the summer of 1861.
Until the spring of 1862, while reading his novel to friends and giving the manuscript to the editor of the Russian Bulletin for reading, Turgenev made edits to the work. In March of the same year, the novel was published. This version was slightly different from the edition that came out six months later. In it, Bazarov was presented in a more unsightly light and the image of the protagonist was a little repulsive.
Analysis of the work
Main plot
The protagonist of the novel, the nihilist Bazarov, together with the young nobleman Arkady Kirsanov, arrives at the Kirsanovs' estate, where the protagonist meets his comrade's father and uncle.
Pavel Petrovich is a sophisticated aristocrat who absolutely does not like either Bazarov or the ideas and values shown to him. Bazarov also does not remain in debt, and no less actively and passionately, he speaks out against the values and morals of old people.
After that, the young people get acquainted with the recently widowed Anna Odintsova. They both fall in love with her, but temporarily hide it not only from the object of adoration, but also from each other. The main character is ashamed to admit that he, who vehemently opposed romanticism and love affection, now suffers from these feelings.
The young nobleman begins to be jealous of the lady of the heart for Bazarov, misunderstandings occur between friends and, as a result, Bazarov talks about his feelings to Anna. Odintsova prefers a quiet life and a marriage of convenience to him.
Gradually, relations between Bazarov and Arkady deteriorate, and Arkady himself is fond of Anna's younger sister Ekaterina.
Relations between the older generation of the Kirsanovs and Bazarov are heating up, it comes to a duel in which Pavel Petrovich is wounded. This puts a fat point between Arkady and Bazarov, and the main character has to return to his father's house. There he becomes infected with a fatal disease and dies in the arms of his own parents.
In the finale of the novel, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is getting married of convenience, Arkady and Ekaterina, as well as Fenechka and Nikolai Petrovich, are getting married. They play their weddings on the same day. Uncle Arkady leaves the estate and goes to live abroad.
Heroes of Turgenev's novel
Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov
Bazarov is a medical student, by social status, an ordinary person, the son of a military doctor. He is seriously interested in the natural sciences, shares the beliefs of the nihilists, and denies romantic attachments. He is confident, proud, ironic and derisive. Bazarov does not like to talk a lot.
In addition to love, the main character does not share his admiration for art, he has little faith in medicine, despite the education he is receiving. Not referring to himself as a romantic person, Bazarov loves beautiful women and, at the same time, despises them.
The most interesting moment in the novel is when the hero himself begins to experience those feelings, the existence of which he denied and ridiculed. Turgenev clearly demonstrates an intrapersonal conflict, at a time when a person's feelings and beliefs diverge.
Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov
One of the central characters in Turgenev's novel is a young and educated nobleman. He is only 23 years old and barely finished university. Due to his youth and temperament, he is naive and easily falls under the influence of Bazarov. Outwardly, he shares the convictions of the nihilists, but in his soul, and further in the plot it is evident, he appears as a generous, gentle and very sentimental young man. Over time, the hero himself understands this.
Unlike Bazarov, Arkady loves to talk a lot and beautifully, he is emotional, cheerful and values affection. He believes in marriage. Despite the conflict between fathers and children shown at the beginning of the novel, Arkady loves both his uncle and his father.
Odintsova Anna Sergeevna is an early widowed rich person who at one time got married not for love, but for calculation, in order to save herself from poverty. One of the main heroines of the novel loves peace and her own independence. She never loved anyone and was not attached to anyone.
For the main characters, she looks beautiful and inaccessible, because she does not reciprocate with anyone. Even after the death of the hero, she remarries, and again by calculation.
The younger sister of the widow Odintsova, Katya, is very young. She is only 20 years old. Catherine is one of the loveliest and lovable characters in the novel. She is kind, sociable, observant and at the same time demonstrates independence and obstinacy, which only paint a young lady. She comes from a family of poor nobles. Her parents died when she was only 12 years old. Since then, she has been raised by her older sister Anna. Catherine is afraid of her and under the gaze of Madame Odintsova feels awkward.
The girl loves nature, thinks a lot, she is direct and not flirtatious.
Arkady's father (brother of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov). Widower. He is 44 years old, he is a completely harmless person and an undemanding owner. He is gentle, kind, attached to his son. He is a romantic by nature, he likes music, nature, poetry. Nikolai Petrovich loves a quiet, calm, measured life in the countryside.
At one time he married for love and lived happily in marriage until his wife died. For many years he could not recover after the death of his beloved, but over the years he found love again and Fenechka, a simple and poor girl, became her.
Refined aristocrat, 45 years old, uncle of Arkady. At one time he served as an officer of the Guard, but because of Princess R., his life changed. A secular lion in the past, a heartthrob who easily won the love of women. All his life he built in the English style, read newspapers in a foreign language, did business and everyday life.
Kirsanov is a clear adherent of liberal views and a man with principles. He is cocky, proud and derisive. Love at one time knocked him down, and from a lover of noisy companies, he became an ardent misanthrope who avoided the company of people in every way. At heart, the hero is unhappy and at the end of the novel he is far from his loved ones.
Analysis of the plot of the novel
The main plot of the now classic novel by Turgenev is the conflict between Bazarov and society, in which he found himself by the will of fate. A society that does not support his views and ideals.
The appearance of the protagonist in the Kirsanovs' house becomes a conditional plot of the plot. In the course of communication with other characters, conflicts and clashes of views are demonstrated, which test Evgeny's convictions for endurance. This also happens within the framework of the main love line - in the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova.
Opposition is the main technique that the author used when writing the novel. It is reflected not only in its title and demonstrated in the conflict, but also reflected in the repetition of the protagonist's route. Bazarov twice ends up in the Kirsanovs 'estate, twice visits Madame Odintsova, and also returns twice to his parents' house.
The plot's denouement is the death of the protagonist, with which the writer wanted to demonstrate the collapse of the thoughts expressed by the hero throughout the novel.
In his work, Turgenev clearly showed that in the cycle of all ideologies and political disputes there is a big, complex and diverse life, where traditional values, nature, art, love and sincere, deep affections always prevail.
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