One day off in a six-day work week: standard working hours and additional payments. Working day and working week in the USSR and Russia

This year, Russians will rest for eight days during the May holidays. However, such a schedule is provided only for employees of organizations working a five-day week.

Rest during the May holidays 2020 with a six-day working week includes only five days off. Let's talk about this in more detail.

The project for postponing holidays and weekends in 2020 has been approved, so you can already plan your vacation this month.

How much rest do you have during the May holidays in a 6-day work week?

The first of May falls on a Friday this year. Then, with a six-day week, we have one working day on Saturday, May 2, then Sunday, May 3, after that, working Monday, May 4, and then a day off on Tuesday, May 5, moved from the holiday Sunday, January 5.

Rest days on May holidays 2020 with a six-day work week for employees of organizations working on such a schedule (as well as schoolchildren and students of higher educational institutions) do not include working Saturdays.

Consequently, Saturday May 2 and the day of rest on Monday May 4, which was moved from the New Year's holiday Saturday on January 4, in this case will not be days off.

How long will they have a total vacation for the May holidays 2020 with a 6-day working week? The next day off will be three working days later on May 9, which falls on a Saturday. The Victory Day weekend will continue on Sunday, May 10, but there will be no transfer of the day off from Saturday, May 9, to Monday, May 11, given the six-day period.

Thus, with a six-day workweek schedule, we will rest for a total of five full days on the May holidays.

According to current legislation, the duration of work on the eve of holidays under this regime cannot exceed five hours. In 2020, with a six-day period, the pre-holiday shortened days will be Thursday, April 30 and Friday, May 8.

So, let’s list the days of rest for the May holidays in 2020 for a six-day working week: these are May 1, 3, 5, 9 and 10.

However, those who work on a duty schedule will need to work on holidays (this category includes firefighters, some medical workers, security guards, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other organizations).

Now you know how to rest on the May holidays with a 6-day work week in 2020, and you can plan the upcoming days of rest at your own discretion.

On Monday, May 11, a new working week will begin and there will be no holidays until the end of the month. In total, in May we will have two holidays, six days off and 23 working days (with a six-day week).

TASS DOSSIER. October 29 (November 11), 1917 By decree of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK), an 8-hour working day was established in Russia (instead of 9-10 hourly, as was previously the case) and a 48-hour working week was introduced with six working days and one day off. In jobs that were particularly hazardous to health, reduced working hours were provided. On December 9, 1918, the Labor Code of the RSFSR was adopted, which consolidated these provisions.

From January 2, 1929 to October 1, 1933, in accordance with the resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, a gradual transition to a 7-hour working day was carried out. The working week was 42 hours.

August 26, 1929 By decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On the transition to continuous production in enterprises and institutions of the USSR" a new time calendar was introduced, in which the week consisted of five days: four working days of 7 hours each, the fifth was a day off.

In November 1931 The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution in which it allowed the People's Commissariats and other institutions to switch to a six-day calendar week, in which the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of each month, as well as March 1st, were non-working.

June 27, 1940 The decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR came into force on the transition to an 8-hour working day with a “regular” working week according to the Gregorian calendar (6 working days, Sunday is a day off). The working week was 48 hours.

June 26, 1941 The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree “On the working hours of workers and employees in wartime,” in accordance with which mandatory overtime work from 1 to 3 hours a day was introduced and vacations were abolished. These wartime measures were canceled by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 30, 1945.

At the end of the post-war reconstruction period in 1956-1960 The working day in the USSR was gradually (by sector of the national economy) again reduced to 7 hours with a six-day working week (Sunday is a day off), and the working week - to 42 hours.

At the XXIII Congress of the CPSU ( March 29 – April 8, 1966) it was decided to switch to a five-day work week with two days off (Saturday and Sunday). In March 1967, a series of decrees and resolutions of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and the Central Committee of the CPSU introduced a standard “five-day week” with an 8-hour working day in the USSR. In general education schools, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, a six-day working week with a 7-hour working day has been preserved. Thus, the working week did not exceed 42 hours.

December 9, 1971 The Supreme Council of the RSFSR adopted a new Labor Code (LLC), according to which working hours could not exceed 41 hours. The USSR Constitution (Article 41), adopted on October 7, 1977, legitimized this norm.

In Russia the law dated April 19, 1991“On increasing social guarantees for workers” reduced working hours to 40 hours a week. On September 25, 1992, this norm was enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The working week still exists in this form in Russia.

Reforming the education system affects almost all aspects of the lives of teachers and students, from the format of passing the Unified State Exam to the schedule according to which certain educational institutions operate. It's no secret that in Russia. As in many other countries, there are schools that operate on a 5-day schedule and schools that require attendance 6 days a week.

To be or not to be a six-day period? Psychologists, teachers and scientists have been working on this issue for many years, but this topic is even more actively discussed in parent circles. Let's face it, not all parents like the prospect of getting up early on their legal day off to get their child ready for school, and even the need to adjust their personal plans taking into account the work of the educational institution.

So what awaits us regarding the five-day school year 2018-2019? Let's figure it out.

Will the six-day week be canceled in the near future?

It is known that there are several petitions that have collected a large number of signatures asking for a revision of the 6-day school schedule. But even in the 2019 academic year, the work schedule of each individual school, whether it will be five days or six days, will be decided directly by the management of the educational institution.

It seems to many that the ministry simply stubbornly refuses to satisfy the demands of parents who have come out to fight for an additional day off for schoolchildren.

But is it? Is it really possible to take one order and cancel working Saturdays for children and teachers forever? To understand the complexity of this problem, persistent parents would do well to study the legislation and curriculum better.

Why does the six-day period exist?

The need to use Saturday in most cases is dictated by the fact that even with a great desire it is impossible to distribute educational subjects for students in grades 6-11 over 5 school days, if we take into account all the existing coefficients and sanitary requirements for the subjects.

Without delving into the intricacies of drawing up a schedule for a large educational institution, I will give the following standards as an example:

• mathematics, physics, languages ​​and some other disciplines should not be assigned to the first and last lessons;
• objects on which the child’s perseverance is especially important should not be placed after physical education;
• Schoolchildren cannot be overloaded on one day (there are certain coefficients, the table of which is used by head teachers when drawing up schedules);
• Subject teachers should not read more than 3 lessons in a row (this norm, of course, is often violated in our country);
• subjects studied more than once a week should be placed at a certain interval.

This is only a small fraction of the existing restrictions. Add to this the division of classes into 2 (and sometimes 3-4) subgroups and you get an unsolvable problem. And this is not an exaggeration. Most automated scheduling services will really fail and ask which of the “important ministerial rules” can be ignored.

Pros of a six-day school week

• properly distributed teaching load;
• fewer lessons per day;
• less homework, day after day;
• more opportunities for children to attend clubs and sections;
• the opportunity to start the working day a little later than 5-day schools.

Disadvantages of a six-day week

• a persistent negative attitude towards learning on the Sabbath;
• absenteeism from classes without good reason and often with the knowledge of parents;
• conflict with the beliefs of some religions, where working and even studying on the Sabbath is considered unacceptable;
• Holidays that fall on Saturday are not postponed, as for organizations with a five-day work week.

Myths about the six-day period

Is the 6th working day so terrible for a schoolchild?

In fact, not everything is so sad. The vast majority of educational institutions adhere to the following rules:

The right to choose

This problem is not typical for all schools. As a rule, it does not fit into the five-day schedule in gymnasiums, lyceums and specialized schools with in-depth study of certain subjects.

As a result, parents have to choose between the following options:

• A regular comprehensive school, in which the child will study for 5 days, but study all subjects at the “standard” level;
• A specialized school or gymnasium with a 5-day period, where the child will have to sit through 8 lessons every day (and accordingly prepare homework);
• An educational institution with in-depth study of certain subjects, in which the child will have 6-7 lessons a day, but 6 days a week.

You can and should find out what schedule awaits your child in the future at the stage of choosing a school. If high-quality competitive education is a priority, then the problem of working Saturday is not as pressing as the quality of the teaching staff and the conditions in which the child will study.

Of course, a new question arises - is it possible, by adding hours for specialized subjects in specialized schools, to reduce the hours for disciplines that children who have decided on a profile will definitely not need? But this is a completely different topic that requires a revision of the list of subjects in the variable and invariable components of domestic education.

Question 46. Basic standards of working time

The main working time standards are the working week and daily work (shift).
A working week is the number of working hours established by law or an employment contract during a calendar week.
The normal length of the working week cannot exceed 40 hours (Article 91 of the Labor Code). Thus, 40 hours a week is recognized as the maximum working time for all employees under an employment contract.
There are two types of working week - a 5-day with two days off and a 6-day with one day off, which is preserved in those organizations where, due to the nature and working conditions, the introduction of a five-day work week is impossible or impractical. The six-day working week has been retained in many educational institutions, where the transition to a 5-day working week is impossible due to the existence of maximum permissible physiological norms for students’ academic workload. Some government agencies, service enterprises, etc. operate on a 6-day work week.
The duration of daily work (shift) is set by the employer based on the weekly working hours. With a normal working week (40 hours), it is usually: for a 5-day work week - 8 hours, for a 6-day work week - 7 hours, on a day before a day off - 5 hours.
The length of the working day or shift immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by 1 hour. In continuously operating organizations and in certain types of work, where it is impossible to reduce the hours of work (shift) on a pre-holiday day, overtime is compensated by providing the employee with additional rest time or, with the consent of the employee, payment according to the standards established for overtime work (Article 95 of the Labor Code).
When working in shifts (2,3 or 4 shifts), the duration of the shift can be different - 10, 12, 14, 24 hours in accordance with the shift schedule, which is established by the employer taking into account the opinion of the elected trade union body, depending on the conditions and nature of the work.
For workers in need of special social protection, as well as for those working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, the law limits the maximum duration of daily work (shift) - Art. 94 TK. It cannot exceed:
- for workers aged 15 to 16 years - 5 hours; from 16 to 18 years old - 7 hours;
- for students of general education institutions, educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, combining study with work during the academic year, from 14 to 16 years old - 2.5 hours, from 16 to 18 years old - 4 hours;
- for disabled people - in accordance with a medical report;
- for workers engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, where reduced working hours are established:
- with a 36-hour work week - 8 hours;
- with a 30-hour work week or less - 6 hours.

In January 2016, for a 6-day, 40-hour week, the time standard in the production calendar was set to 19 days and 120 hours. In fact, when calculated by day, the time standard is 125 hours. This situation occurs almost every month, especially on postponement days due to holidays, so the time norms for a 5- and 6-day week are not equalized even over a year. What needs to be done for a 6-day week in January: approve the norm by order of the sanatorium time 125 hours or by the same order reduce the length of working days so that the total is 120 hours? Or are there other options? Please give a specific answer, if possible, attach a sample order or provide a link to it. Thank you in advance

Answer