The thought of "folk. The thought of People's Roman-epic "War and World Partisan Movement of People's War

A brief essay-reasoning on literature for grade 10 on the topic: "War and Peace: People's Thought"

The tragic war of 1812 brought many troubles, suffering and MUK, L.N. Tolstoy did not remain indifferent to the turning point of his people and reflected him in the Roman-Epopea "War and Peace", and his "grain", according to L. Tolstoy, is the poem of Lermontov "Borodino". At the heart of Epopie also lies the idea of \u200b\u200bthe reflection of the National Spirit. The writer admitted that in "War and the World" he loved "People's Thought." So, Tolstoy reproduced "ROOH LIFE", proving that the story does not make one person, but all the people together.

In Tolstoy, it is useless to confront the natural course of events, it is useless to try to play the role of the fate of mankind. Otherwise, the participant of the war will endure the collapse, as it was with Andrei Bolkonsky, who tried to take control of the events and conquer Toulon. Or fate will trust him for loneliness, as it became with Napoleon, who overly loved power.

During the Borodino battle, from the outcome of which much depended on the Russians, Kutuzov "did not make any orders, but only agreed or did not agree to what they suggested." In this seemingly passiveness, the deep mind and wisdom of the commander appear. Cutuzov's relationship with the people was a victorious feature of his character, this connection made it a carrier of "folk thoughts".

Tikhon Shcherbaty is also a folk image in the novel and hero of the Patriotic War, although it is a simple man, not at all associated with military affairs. He himself voluntarily asked for a detachment of Vasily Denisov, which confirms his dedication and readiness for sacrifices for the sake of debris. Tikhon is fighting off four Frenchmen alone alone - according to Tolstoy, this is the image of the "clubs of the People's War".

But the writer does not stop on the ideas of heroism, regardless of the title, he goes on and wider, revealing the unity of all mankind in the war of 1812. In the face of death between people, all class, social, national borders are erased. Everyone as one is afraid to kill; All as one do not want to die. Petya Rostov is worried about the fate of the French boy, who was captured: "We are fine, and what is it? Where is his Delhi? Feed him? Will they not offended? ". And it seems like this enemy is a Russian soldier, but at the same time even in war you need humanly relate to enemies. French or Russian - We are all people who need mercy and kindness. In the war of 1812, such a thought, more than ever, had a value. She adhered to many heroes of "War and Peace" and, first of all, L.N. Tolstoy.

Thus, the Patriotic War of 1812 entered the history of Russia, in its culture and literature as a significant and tragic event of the whole people. It manifested true patriotism, the love of the Motherland and the National Spirit, who did not break anything under anything, but only Rasp, giving the impetus to the Great Victory, the pride for which we still feel in our hearts.

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"I tried to write the history of the people," - the words L.N. Tolstoy about his novel "War and Peace". This is not just a phrase: the great writer really depicted in the work not so much individual heroes as the entire people as a whole. "People's Thought" defines in the novel and philosophical views of Tolstoy, and the image of historical events, specific historical figures, and moral assessment of the actions of heroes.
"War and World", as Yu.V. rightly noticed. Lebedev, "This is a book about different phases in the historical life of Russia." At the beginning of the novel "War and Peace" there is a disagreement between people at the family, state and national levels. Tolstoy shows the tragic consequences of such a breakdown in the family spheres of growth - Bolkonsky and in the events of the war of 1805, lost Russian. Then another historical stage of Russia opens up, in Tolstoy, 1812, when the unity of people is triumph, "the thought of people". "War and Peace" is a multi-storey and solid narration about how the beginning of egoism and disagreement lead to a catastrophe, but they meet the opposition of the elements of the "World" and "Unity" rising from the depths of People's Russia. " Tolstoy called to "leave the kings, ministers and generals alone", and study the history of peoples, "infinitely small elements," since they own a decisive role in the development of mankind. What power drives peoples? Who is the Creator of History - Personality or People? Such questions ask a writer at the beginning of the novel and is trying to answer them with all the narration.
The great Russian writer argues in the novel with a very common at this time in Russia and abroad the cult of an outstanding historical personality. This cult has greatly relied on the teaching of the German philosopher Hegel. According to Hegel, the closest conductors of the world reason, which determines the fate of the peoples and states, are the great people who are first guessed what is given to understand only them and is not given to understand the human mass, the passive material of history. These glances of Hegel found their direct reflection in the anti-human theory of Rodion Raskolnikov ("Crime and Punishment"), who delivered all the people to the "Lords" and "Creatures of trembling." Lion Tolstoy, like Dostoevsky, "I saw something godless-inhuman in this teaching, in the root of the opposite Russian moral ideal. In a thick, not an exceptional personality, and the folk life generally turns out to be the most sensitive organism that responds to the hidden meaning of historical movement. The vocation of the Great Man lies in the ability to listen to the will of the majority, to the "collective subject" of history, to folk life. "
Therefore, the attention of the writer attracts primarily the life of the people: peasants, soldiers, officers - those who constitute the basis of him. Tolstoy "poets in the" war and the world "people as a whole spiritual unity of people, based on strong, century-old cultural traditions ... The greatness of a person is determined by the depth of his connection with the organic life of the people."
Lion Tolstoy on the pages of the novel shows that the historical process does not depend on the whim or the poor mood of one person. It is impossible to predict or change the direction of historical events because they depend on all and from anyone separately.
We can say that the will of the commander does not affect the outcome of the battle, because no commander can lead the tens and hundreds of thousands of people, but it is the soldiers themselves (that is, the people) decide the fate of the battle. "They decide the fate of the battle of non-order of the commander-in-chief, not the place where the troops cost, not the number of guns and killed people, and the elusive force, called the spirit of the troops," writes Tolstoy. Therefore, not Napoleon lost the Borodino battle or Kutuzov won him, but won the Russian people in this battle, because the "spirit" of Russian troops was immeasurably higher than French.
Tolstoy writes that Kutuzov managed to "guess so true the meaning of the folk meaning of events", i.e. "Guess" the entire pattern of historical events. And the source of this brilliant insight was that "folk feeling", which in his soul a great commander. It is the understanding of a popular nature of historical processes allowed Kutuzov, according to Tolstoy, to win not only the Borodino battle, but also the whole military campaign and fulfill its purpose - to save Russia from the Napoleonic invasion.
Tolstoy notes that not only the Russian army spoke against Napoleon. "The feeling of revenge, lying in the soul of every person" and the whole Russian people, gave rise to a partisan war. "The partisans destroyed the Great Army in parts. There were parties small, prefabricated, hiking and equestrian, were Men's and landlords, not known to anyone. He was the head of the party, the decek, who took several hundred captives per month. There was an old age of Vasilis, who beat the hundreds of the French. " "People's War Dubube" rose and descended on the head of the French until all the invasion died.
This People's War originated shortly after leaving the Russian troops Smolensk and continued until the end of hostilities in Russia. Napoleon expected not a solemn reception with the keys from the cities surrendered, and fires and men. "Hidden heat of patriotism" was in the soul not only of such popular representatives, as a merchant of Ferapontov or Tikhon Shcherbat, but also in the soul of Natasha Rostova, Petit, Andrei Bolkonsky, Princess Marya, Pierre Loborov, Denisov, Dologov. All of them, in a minute of terrible test, were spiritually close to the people and together with him provided victory in the war of 1812
And in conclusion, I would like to emphasize once again that the novel of Tolstoy "War and Peace" is not an ordinary novel, and the Roman-epic, which reflected the fate of human and fate folk, who became the main object of studying in this great work for the writer.

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe 19th century was the search and explanation of the people's consciousness. Naturally, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy could not not be interested in this problem. So, the "thought of people" in the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

In the novel there are two forms of consciousness, this is: intellectual and this is the most popular consciousness. The representative of the first consciousness was, for example, Andrei Bolkonsky. He always asked the question "Why?" He was eager to remake this world to one degree or another. The representative of the national consciousness was Plato Karatayev (he even spoke to the sayings), and then Pierre Duhov (he did not disappear with soldiers from one boiler, but the Bolkonsky could not swim together with everyone, he had a hostility to the people, he was By itself). Plato meets Pierre captivity from the French. Before this meeting, Pierre was in the spiritual crisis.

What place is Plato in the image system? He does not have distinctive features, he is a representative of the root structure. Karataev-eliminally collective image. His description is replete with round features. Circle-symbol of completeness and mandrels, also a circle-simple figure. This simplicity really lives in Plato. He accepts the life of what it is, for him all the questions were initially solved. Tolstoy himself believed that Royful consciousness is better than intellectual. Plato Karataev is not afraid of death, it is natural for him ... the usual phenomenon of nature. The dog feels this free love, so attracts to Plato.

It is interesting to look at the sleep of Pierre Dunzhova in captivity. He dreams a ball consisting of droplets, and a drop is visible, which rises outside, then immersed back deep into. A man is also towers, somehow to understand something, but the return or the gap is inevitable here. In this situation, only a family and simplicity returns, this is the guarantee of attraction (this attraction is visible and Pierre Dzuhova, but the Andrei Bolkonsky did not have it). If you get angry with death.

Let's think about each other include intellectual consciousness and folk. Tolstoy usually does not explore the heroes and problems, he simply explains them. But not all questions found your answer at Tolstoy. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe people's author was still unable to finally explain. Tolstoy and Dostoevsky took literature in the section of ethnophilosophy, but no one went to them further.

Thought folk, it is:

1) national character

2) Soul of the people.

Lion Nikolayevich Tolstoy embodies the idea of \u200b\u200bthe nation in the form of Plato Karataev. This idea reveals that the people's consciousness, it is not opposed to the idea of \u200b\u200bwar and the world, this idea is just outside the other. This is not a confrontation. Even when Plato died, no one turned around, because because of the death of one person nothing happens (along the roo-wing consciousness). There should be no extra suffering and experiences. Therefore, it is impossible to simplify the scheme of the novel to the banal triangle (Napoleon-Kutuzov -Platton Karataev).

It is no closer to Tolstoy changed the name "everything is good, which is well ends." He realized that nothing ends. These heroes are only a history of history ... This is part of this popular consciousness.

"Roman who gradually transformed from the once conceived work about the Decembrist in a brilliant epopeus about a courageous sense of the nation, about the victory of the Russian spirit in the battle with the Napoleonic army. As a result, a masterpiece was born, where he wrote himself, the substantial thought was the idea of \u200b\u200bpeople's thought. Today, in writing on the topic: "Thought People" we will try to prove it.

The author believed that the work would be good if the author would love the main idea. Tolstoy interested in the thought of People's War and the world, where he portrayed not just the people and his life, but showed the fate of the nation. At the same time, the people for Tolstoy are not only a man, soldiers and a peasant, it is nobles, and officers, and generals. In short, people are all together, all humanity, which moved a common goal, one thing, one destination.

In his work, the writer commemorates that the story is written most often as a story of individual personalities, but few people think about the driving force in history, which is the people, the nation, spirit and the will of people, which unite together.

In the novel war and the world thought folk

For each hero, the war with the French became a test where Bolkonsky, and Pierre Duhov, and Natasha, and Peter Rostov, and Shahov, and Kutuzov, and Tushin, and Timokhin played their role all the best. And most importantly, the usual people showed themselves, who organized individual small partisan detachments and the enemy rumbled. People who burned everything so as not to get anything enemy. People who gave the last Russian soldiers to support them.

The offensive of the Napoleonic army revealed the best qualities in people, where men, forgetting about their resentment, side by side fought with their gentlemen, defending their homeland. It was the thought of people in the novel war and the world became a soul of the work, uniting the peasantry with the best part of the nobility in one thing - the struggle for the freedom of the Motherland.

Patriotic people, among whom were the poor peasants, and nobles, and merchants - this is the people. Their will collided with French Will. Faced and showed real strength, because people fought for their land, which was impossible to give the enemy. The people and the formed detachments of the partisans became a club of the People's War, which did not give a single chance to win Napoleon and his army. This was written by Tolstoy in the genius novel, the war and the world, where the main thought was folk.

The writing. "Folk Thought" in the novel of the Tolstoy "War and Peace"

And what valuation do you put?

Writing on the topic: The image of Napoleon in the novel of the Tolstoy "War and Peace" True and false in the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Patriotic topic in the novel L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

According to the thick, "the thought of people" in the novel he loved most. Reflections on this topic have become the most important thing that he wanted to convey to the reader. What did he mean?

"Folk Thought" in the novel is not in the image of the Russian people as community and not in the abundance of mass scenes, as may seem like an inexperienced reader. She at the point of view of the writer, the system of moral estimates, which he gives both historical events, and its heroes. Do not confuse it!

1. Mass scenes in the novel are associated with the image of the battle scenes of 1805, scenes of Borodino battle, defense and leaving Smolensk, the partisan war.

In the image of the war of 1805, special attention was paid to two battles: with Austerlice and Shenagraben. The goal of Tolstoy - to show why the army wins or loses. Shenagraben - "Forced" Battle, 4 thousand soldiers must cover the waste of the forty-ski Russian army. The battle is observed by Kutuzov - Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. He sees how the warriors show heroism, but not the same as the quality seemed to be a prince: Captain Timokhin and his detachment of skillful actions makes the French, captain Tushin, an imperceptible modest person, "doing his job," fun and spore, his battery is smoking the main The positions of the French, set fires the village and forces to retreat, and they do not suspect that they are "ordinary heroes."

On the contrary, the Atsterlitsky battle is the "Battle of Three Emperors", with incomprehensible goals and incomprehensible plan. It is no coincidence that at the Military Council of Kutuzov in Starikovski, under the measurement of the Austrian General. Kutuzov wants to save soldiers who do not understand why they are fighting, no wonder the landscape of the start of the battle: a fog covering the battlefield. The author comes to the conclusion: the battle is not won by commander, the battle won soldiers, more precisely, the spirit of the army, an understanding of what they do.

The same thing happens in Borodino: Kutuzov almost does not participate in the manual of the battle, unlike Napoleon, believing that the outcome of the emperor will depends on the will. No, the outcome depends on the soldiers going to the last battle, as for a holiday that put on clean shoes. According to Kutuzov, the Borodino battle did not benefit and did not lose from the point of view of the consequences, but the Russians defeated the French by the French, unprecedented unity against the united enemy.

So in mass scenes a "thought of people" manifested.

1. The union of the Russian people is evidenced by the partisan war, spontaneously unfolding during the invasion. In different places under the French, the landowners and peasants were taken for the forks and axes to expel the enemy from their native land. "The Duby of People's War" rose and "nail ... the Frenchman until the invasion itself was killed." Drawing paintings of the partisan war, Tolstoy depicts some peasant heroes. One of them is Tikhon Shcherbat, like a wolf, striker to the enemy, "the most useful man in the detachment", cruel and merciless. According to Tolstoy, it is a people's type, manifesting in heavy time for the Motherland. The second folk type is Plato Karataev, who has learned to live simply and harmoniously, take everything that happens on the path of man, understood that "that ballet shoes are hirked exactly as peasant lapties", and therefore for happiness it is necessary to have little. So moral values \u200b\u200bfor Tolstoy become a measure of all the rest: peace, war, people, actions.
2. Captive Pierre sees a dream. In a dream, the globe seems to him a ball of droplets that tremble, overflow, somewhere separated, somewhere merge. And every drop reflects God. This metaphor is the idea of \u200b\u200bthe folk life of the very thick: a person lives with his "Roy Life", is busy with his problems and thoughts, but he must "match" (Writer's word) his life with the life of others. And if the desires and needs of many people coincide at one point, there is a story and makes their movement. This is another aspect of the "folk thoughts in the novel."
3. And his heroes Tolstoy "Merit" is a measure. If they are far from common interests, general aspirations, if they do not understand the general, put their own interests above others or try to intervene in the natural course of life, then they are lowered even lower, fell into a spiritual crisis. This is happening with Prince Andrey when he raises the sense of soldiers in a senseless attack with Austerlice, and with Pierre, trying to kill Napoleon. Some of the heroes never realize their own life, more precisely, the existence is such anger, Rostopchin with its "posters", Napoleon. Pierre, trying to somehow help Russia, equips the regiment on his money, Natasha gives the supply of the wounded, without thinking about the well-being of the family, and Berg is trying to buy a "sheer to buy, which is so violet like." Who of them lives on folk laws?

So, the "Folk Thought", in Tolstoy, is the idea of \u200b\u200bthe need to match his life with common interests, life according to moral laws, centuries existing in the world, life together.