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Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar (1871-1960)

Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar - painter, was born on March 13, 1871 in Budapest, in the family of the Russian public figure E.I. Grabar.

Igor's childhood was not easy. The boy was often separated from his parents, remaining in the care of strangers. Since childhood, he dreamed of painting, tried to be closer to art circles, attended all exhibitions, studied the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery.

From 1882 to 1989, Grabar studied at the Moscow Lyceum, and from 1889 to 1895 at the St. Petersburg University at two faculties - law and history and philology. After graduating from university, he entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts

In 1895 he studied at the workshop of Ilya Repin, where Malyavin, Somov, Bilibin studied at the same time.

Summer 1895 during the holidays, Grabar travels across Europe, visits Berlin, Paris, Venice, Florence, Rome, Naples. He is so fascinated by the creations of the greatest artists of the Renaissance that he decides to travel further and enlighten himself.

Returning to Russia in 1901, the artist was again shocked by the beauty of Russian nature. He is mesmerized by the beauty of the Russian winter, delighted with the "grace" and "magnetism" of the magic birch tree. His admiration for Russia after a long separation was expressed in the paintings: "White Winter", "February Azure", "March Snow" and many others.

In the period from 1913 to 1925, the artist headed the Tretyakov Gallery. Here Grabar made a re-exposure, placing and organizing all the works of art in historical sequence. In 1917 he published a gallery catalog, which is of considerable scientific value.

Igor Emmanuilovich is one of the founders of museology, restoration and protection of art and antiquity monuments. In 1918, the artist created the Central Restoration Workshop. He helped to save many works of ancient Russian art and the result of the work carried out by the workshops was the discovery of numerous outstanding monuments of ancient Russian art - icons and frescoes in Novgorod, Pskov, Vladimir and other cities.

In 1926-30 Grabar was the editor of the fine arts department of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

From 1924 to the end of the 1940s, Grabar again returned to painting, paying special attention to the portrait, depicting his loved ones, scientists and musicians. Among his famous portraits are "Portrait of a Mother", "Svetlana", "Portrait of a Daughter Against a Background of a Winter Landscape", "Portrait of a Son", "Portrait of Academician S. A. Chaplygin". The artist's two self-portraits, "Self-portrait with a palette" and "Self-portrait in a fur coat," are also widely known.

In Soviet times, Grabar became interested in the work of Andrei Rublev and I.E. Repin. In 1937 he created the two-volume monograph Repin. This work brought Grabar the Stalin Prize. Since 1944 Grabar has been the director of the Institute of Art History of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Igor Emmanuilovich died on May 16, 1960 in Moscow.
The history of the creation of the painting "February Azure"

"February Azure" is the most famous landscape of IE Grabar. The artist painted the canvas "February Azure" with special love and put a part of his soul into it. He managed to create a new image of Russian nature. Even in a small reproduction, "February Azure" is bright, colorful, creates the impression of a holiday. This landscape was especially dear to the artist himself. In his declining years, I. Grabar remembered with pleasure and talked in detail about how this landscape was created. The artist saw "February Azure" in the suburbs when he was visiting a friend. It is impossible better than the author himself to convey the admiration for the beauty of nature that he experienced.

About the birth of his favorite painting, "February azure", his detailed story: "Wonderful sunny February days have come. In the morning, as always, I went out to wander around the estate and observe. Something extraordinary was happening in nature, it seemed that she was celebrating some kind of unprecedented holiday - a holiday of the azure sky, pearl birches, coral branches and sapphire shadows on the lilac snow. I was standing near a marvelous specimen of birch, rare in the rhythmic structure of its branches. Looking at her, I dropped the stick and bent down to pick it up. When I looked at the top of the birch from below, from the surface of the snow, I was stunned by the spectacle of fantastic beauty that opened before me: some chimes and echoes of all the colors of the rainbow, united by the blue enamel of the sky. “If only a tenth of this beauty could be conveyed, then even that would be incomparable,” I thought, and immediately ran for a small canvas and in one session I sketched a sketch of a future painting from life. The next day I took another canvas and within three days painted a sketch from the same place. After that, I dug a trench over a meter thick in deep snow, in which I fit with an easel and a large canvas in order to get the impression of a low horizon and a heavenly zenith with all the gradation of blue - from light green below to ultramarine above. I prepared the canvas in advance in the workshop for glazing the sky, covering it over a chalky, oil-absorbing surface with a thick layer of dense lead whitewash of various tones.

February was amazing. It was freezing at night, and the snow did not give up. The sun was shining every day, and I was fortunate enough to paint in a row without interruption and changes in the weather for more than two weeks, until I finished the whole picture on location. I painted with an umbrella painted blue, and put the canvas not only without the usual tilt forward, facing the ground, but turning it with its face towards the blue of the sky, which prevented the reflexes from the hot snow under the sun from falling on it and it remained in the cold shadows, forcing me to triple the power of color to convey the fullness of the impression. I felt that I managed to create the most significant work of all I have written so far, the most my own, not borrowed, new in concept and implementation. " The artist managed to convey the chimes of pure color - the color of the sky illuminated by the bright February sun, snow and a silvery birch trunk ...

In "February Azure" birch is an integral part, if not the only basis of the artistic image. In the very appearance of the birch, in the ability to see its charm in the general structure of the Russian landscape, the joyful perception of the nature of his native land, which distinguishes Grabar as a landscape painter in all periods of his work, was reflected. Of all the birches ever depicted by Grabar, the poetry of Grabarev's landscape painting reached its culmination in the birch "February azure" ... on his canvas to the artist. As always, he resorted to his favorite technique of showing a fragment of a landscape: the viewer does not see the tops of a birch, and in the foreground, in the snow, there are shadows of those trees that stand somewhere behind the viewer, who thus “enters” at the behest of the artist into the picture space and from the bottom up looking at all the multitude of intertwining branches and hanging twigs, shining now white, now gold against the background of the spring sky. The main heroine of the picture - a birch with rhythmically arranged branches - as if hides from the viewer two or three thin birches arranged in clusters of two, three each, going into the distance, to where a transparent birch forest permeated with light can be seen on the horizon ...

“What could be more beautiful than birch, the only tree in nature whose trunk is dazzlingly white, while all other trees in the world have dark trunks. Fantastic, supernatural tree, fairy tale tree. I passionately fell in love with Russian birch and for a long time wrote almost only one of it. " The whiteness of a birch trunk becomes a kind of screen for Grabar, reflecting rainbow reflections. Instead of black specks, he sees contrasts of pure colors.

"February Azure" is one of the examples of the greatest degree of color decay among all of Grabar's paintings. The artist paints in pure color, not mixing paints on the palette, but applying them with short small strokes on the surface of the canvas. Deep blue, light blue, turquoise and yellowish-blue tones of the sky are conveyed by all the many individual strokes of blue, white, yellow, sometimes green and red. The same happens with the trunks of birch trees, the surface of the snow, where white, red, lilac, yellow tones coexist, and all this merges into a single snow surface with its deep blue-lilac tones, into the whiteness and gold of a birch trunk.

With "February Azure" Grabar said a new word in Russian landscape painting.
Azure (other Russian from Greek) - 1) light blue color, blueness; 2) light blue paint. (Explanatory dictionary.)
Color synonyms:
Azure = azure = blue.
Coral (color) - bright red.
Sapphire (color) - blue or green, sapphire color.
Yellow (color) - gold, golden.

WRITE AN ESSAY FOR THE PROPOSED PLAN.

Essay-description based on the painting by I.E. Grabar "February Azure"

PLAN

1. The history of the painting. (Very briefly! - number 1 of the collection.) The meaning of the title. (The canvas dazzles with an azure-blue sky extending into the endless heights. The space is filled with light and air.)
2. Azure sky in the picture of Grabar. (The sky in "February Azure" occupies about three-quarters of the canvas. the reflections of the sun are visible. The palette of the sky is varied: from bright blue to light blue. The azure background creates a feeling of solemnity and juiciness of sunlight that spreads over the picture.)
3. Birches. Birch in the foreground of the painting. (Author: "... a wondrous specimen of birch" ... A mighty, huge, old tree that has seen no winter. The color of the trunk, branches, bright red last year's foliage at the top, in harmony with the clear blue of the immense sky. Her friends, young birches are in the distance. The lace of the branches is reflected in the large cloudless blue sky. Yellow, pearl, reddish, orange shades are warm tones. Birches are a symbol of our homeland, a symbol of Russian winter. There are many songs and poems about them.)
4. A non-standard approach to the angle of the picture. (The viewer is invited to look at the snow-covered birch grove as if from below. Such a technique expands the space and allows ..., creating)
5. The lower part of the picture is snow: in the sun and in the shade. (The snow is loose, in some places a donkey has melted. The special beauty of sapphire shadows on lilac snow, endless turquoise overflows, shining snow cover.)
6. "February Azure" I.E. Grabar - poetry of the awakening spring. Impression, feelings and mood caused by the painting. (The artist expressed his feelings in the painting with the help of a symphony of color, creating the mood of an unprecedented holiday ... see the collection end -1.2. Did the poems of poets and the music of composers sound at the lesson help to see the beauty of "February blue"?)

(The lesson includes musical compositions by Antonio Vivaldi "Seasons. Spring" and Edvard Grieg "Morning", suite "Solveig" from the opera "Peer Gynt".)

Poems, consonant with the picture and the mood of the artist (texts can be used in the composition):

"It's also cold and cheese ..." Ivan Bunin

Also cold and cheese
February air, but over the garden
Already looking at the sky with a clear gaze,
And God's world is getting younger.
Transparent-pale, as in spring,
The snow of the recent cold is peeling,
And from the sky to the bushes and puddles
The reflection is blue.
I will not stop looking at how they see through
Trees in the bosom of the sky
And it's sweet to listen by the balcony
Like bullfinches ringing in the bushes.
No, it's not the landscape that attracts me
The greedy gaze will not notice the colors,
And what shines in these colors:
Love and joy of being.

Esenin S.A.

White birch
Under my window
Covered with snow
Like silver.

On fluffy branches
With a snowy border
Brushes blossomed
White fringe.

And there is a birch
In the sleepy silence
And the snowflakes are burning
In a golden fire.

And the dawn, lazily
Walking around
Sprinkles branches
New silver.

(1871-1960) - famous Soviet artist, painter, art critic, professor, teacher, restorer. During his creative career, he created many wonderful paintings, which today are considered the real property of Russian art. One of the most famous paintings by I. Grabar is considered to be a work called "February Azure".

The landscape "February Azure" was painted in 1904. Canvas, oil. Dimensions: 141 x 83 cm. Located in the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. The painting was painted in the style of impressionism. The mood of the picture is joyful and light. In this work, Igor Emmanuilovich tried to convey a sunny winter day in a birch grove. Thanks to his talent, the artist was able to convey not only the landscape itself, its realistic appearance and the slightest nuances, but also the very nature of a sunny winter day. When you look at the picture, you get the feeling of something beautiful, joyful and light, which takes you away from everyday life and glorifies the beauty of the Russian forest, the silence of a birch grove, light frost, crunch of snow under your feet, the sun's rays, which even in the winter period warm and promise the imminent arrival of the long-awaited spring.

In the foreground, we can see a birch tree, which has spread its branches and permeates the entire space of the picture with its stately beauty. Here I. Grabar chose an angle in which the viewer looks at the trees from the bottom up, which makes the birches, as well as the entire space of the picture, even more impressive in their size and scale. The unusual perspective, as well as the bright color of the work, made the picture not just a beautiful landscape, but a real masterpiece. Looking at this work, it immediately becomes clear that there is something elusive in its basis and in little things, which makes the nature of the Russian forest unusually attractive and exciting for the heart, soul and imagination.

The painting "February Azure" also heralds the arrival of spring. In this there is a certain sadness of parting with winter. The sun starts to shine brighter. Frosts are receding. The trees have already thrown off their caps of snow and soon streams will run through the forest, and buds will begin to swell on the birches. The picture is filled with the imminent awakening of nature after a long hibernation. From the mixed feelings of sad parting with winter and the joy of the arrival of spring, the picture becomes even more exciting and touching for the very living in the heart.

The history of the painting "February Azure" began after the artist went to his friends' dacha in February 1904. During his walk around the neighborhood, when it was a sunny day, the artist accidentally dropped his stick. Bending over to pick it up, he turned his head and suddenly saw something that struck him to the core. From a different angle, ordinary nature played with completely different colors, the nearby snow sparkled, the trees seemed more majestic, the sky seemed even more blue. Igor Grabar immediately ran home to make the first sketch. The next day he went to the same place, dug a trench in the snow to set up the easel and set to work. This is how a masterpiece of Russian art was born, which today pleases and delights art lovers and visitors to the State Tretyakov Gallery.

The many-wise Lytrecon understands that boys and girls write an essay-description in different ways, so we offer you two versions of an essay: one for the fair sex, the other for a strong half of humanity. But if something did not suit you, you are welcome in the comments, state the essence of the problem.

Option 1 (male)

(177 words) I.E. Grabar - Russian artist and art critic. He wrote not only paintings, but also articles on the topic of art, and after the revolution he did a lot to preserve the creative heritage of artists and icon painters.

The painting "February Azure" was written in 1904. The artist was at the dacha of friends. He was walking and suddenly noticed a beautiful landscape, which amazed I.E. Grabar so much that he immediately ran home to sketch, and the next day dug his easel right in the snowdrift on the street and began to write. A large-scale painting was released, which is now exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery.

"February Azure" was created in the style of impressionism. Dabs of paint create a sense of beauty, lightness and freshness. Before the viewer is a birch grove, illuminated by the bright sun. On a February day, the sun shines especially brightly, it is already warming so that the snow is melting a little (the picture shows that it has already become grainy). A clear blue sky can be seen behind the trees. It is immediately clear that spring is approaching. Looking at this picture, one becomes joyful, one feels inspiration.

I like this canvas because the artist found something beautiful in the ordinary and showed it to his viewers. The picture gives a holiday mood and inspires to search for beauty in everyday life.

Option 2 (female)

(203 words) I.E. Grabar did a lot for Russian painting. He not only created wonderful works himself, but also saved many paintings from destruction after the revolution, helped to restore icons and monasteries.

The painting "February Azure" was written before all the upheavals of the twentieth century. At the beginning of 1904, the artist went to visit friends. He was walking down the street and suddenly dropped his stick. A common man would swear and raise his cane in displeasure. But the talented artist suddenly looked around and saw incredible beauty, a picture of a very close renewal, an imminent holiday of spring. And now the sketch is ready, and soon the landscape followed.

The canvas depicts a forest. It goes into the depths of the picture, its scale is immediately visible. Azure sky, grainy snow - all this suggests that winter is gradually leaving this place. In nature, there is a every second and cyclical work: revitalization, growth, maturation, wilting. And so over and over again. The moment of revival is the most festive, the picture conveys not a plot, but a feeling. Not solid lines, but strokes create silhouettes of birches, which gives more tenderness and fragility to the coming beauty of spring. The combination of blue, white and brown enhances this impression.

I like this picture for its feeling of happiness and joy, this is sometimes so lacking in life. The artist managed to show the charm of early spring, in which an ordinary person sees only slush under his feet.

1. Introduction (Interesting facts about the artist);
2. The main part (History of the creation of the painting and description of the canvas);
3. Conclusion (My opinion about the landscape of Grabar)

Grabar February Azure

Russian language lesson in grade 4. Educational complex "School of Russia"

Theme: Narrative composition based on the painting by I.E. Grabar "Azure Azure"

Target: teaching students the ability to determine the theme of the picture, describe the picture, reveal the artist's intention, convey their attitude to the picture.

Formed UUD:

Cognitive:

Conscious and arbitrary construction of a speech utterance in oral and written form;

Communicative:

Possession of monologue and dialogical forms of speech in accordance with the grammatical and syntactic norms of the native language;

Regulatory:

Drawing up a plan and sequence of actions;

Comparison of the method of action and its result with a given standard;

Making the necessary additions and adjustments to the plan and method of action;

Personal:

Moral and ethical assessment of the assimilated content, providing a personal moral choice based on social and personal values.

Equipment: presentation, cards for students, reproduction of the painting "February Azure".

During the classes

I ... Organizing time

II ... Work on the topic of the lesson

1. Acquaintance with the life and work of I.E. Grabar

SLIDE 2

Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar is a well-known landscape painter, a subtle connoisseur of nature. He was born on March 13, 1871 in Budapest. In 1876, his family moved to Russia.

The talented artist entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1894, and already in 1896 Grabar went to Europe to get acquainted with Western European art.

SLIDE 3

In 1901, returning to Russia, he painted the painting "September Snow". The audience greeted her with enthusiasm, seeing in her the search for new opportunities in the visual arts. Grabar knew how to find a real wealth of colors in everyday motives.

SLIDE 4

One of his best canvases is "February Azure". The path of Grabar as an artist was intertwined with the activities of a scientist, an art researcher. In 1910-1914, several volumes of The History of Russian Art were published.

SLIDE 5

In 1920, Grabar organized an expedition along the Northern Dvina and along the coast of the White Sea. The artist was captivated by the nature of these places, its solemn tranquility. On the banks of the Northern Dvina, he painted the painting "Siysk Monastery".

SLIDE 6

Grabar's talent as a portrait painter was most clearly manifested in the painting "Self-Portrait in a Hat"

2 .Work on the essay on the reproduction of I. E. Grabar "February Azure"

In order to describe what is shown in the picture, you need to use the following plan. (Plan is printed on cards for each student)

SLIDE 7

Plan

"February Azure" is one of the best paintings by IE Grabar.

Description of the birch in the foreground.

Description of the birch grove in the background.

The color scheme of the picture.

The mood that the picture evokes.

An approximate description of the painting:

"February Azure" is one of the best paintings by IE Grabar. The canvas depicts a birch grove on one of the radiant February days. She froze against the azure sky.

In the foreground, we see a tall, spreading birch with a thick trunk. The artist singled out her compositionally: he kind of pushed the young grove into the background so that it would not interfere with us seeing the birch. There is no snow on its branches, but it seems to be shining from the rays of the sun.

To show the birch in all its stately beauty, Grabar painted it, standing in a specially dug hole. So he was able to see the treetops and mysterious shadows in the snow. White-barked birches are painted with dense masks, and against the background of the sky blue they seem even whiter. They look like a frozen fountain. The whole grove is transparent, crystal, flooded with sunlight. The fragile coral branches froze in the air.

We see the play of all the colors of the rainbow, united by the blue enamel of the sky. Colors amaze our imagination. Looking at the picture, we understand: winter is drawing to a close. This can be seen in the melted lilac snow, in the long sapphire shadows on it.

When you look at the painting "The Azure Blue", you capture a feeling of joy and admiration for nature. The picture amazes with the purity of light, dazzles with azure-blue color.

III . Independent work

Try to write the essay yourself. When writing an essay, you can use a reproduction of I.E. Grabar and the following material to describe the picture. (Material printed on flashcards for each student)

Material for the essay

Sky: blue-azure, bluish, clear; not a cloud on the horizon.

Day: clear, radiant, sunny, bright, wonderful.

Grove: sunlit, sunlit; the slanting rays of the winter sun illuminate the grove.

Birches: majestic, directed upward; the trunks sparkle; coral branches; trunks with yellow, reddish, orange-brown tints; curved huge birch.

IV ... Reflection

V ... Lesson summary

What artist did you hear about today?

What do you remember about him?

Do you have a desire to get acquainted with other paintings by the artist?

Information sources

Literature:

Sitnikova T.N., Yatsenko I.F. 4th grade. - M .: VAKO, 2015 .-- 496 p. (To help the school teacher)

Strakhova L. L. Composition based on a painting for younger students. St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Litera", 2008, 80 p. (Series "Primary School")

A student of Repin, an outstanding artist and indefatigable cultural figure Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, during his long career, created many masterpieces of painting. The main genres in which the artist worked are portrait and landscape. Almost all of the landscapes painted by Grabar glorify the beauty of the Russian land. One of his most famous works is the painting "February Azure", painted in 1904.

Author biography

Before studying at the Imperial Academy of Arts, I.E. Grabar successfully received his legal and philological education at the University of St. Petersburg. In 1894, Grabar began to study painting at a higher school at the Academy of Arts, where IE Repin himself was his direct mentor. Grabar continued to study painting until 1901. He spent several years abroad, in Munich and Paris.

Over his long 90 years of life, Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar influenced the development of Russian painting and culture, not only creating many but also being an active figure in various art associations, as well as the creator of restoration workshops, trustee and director of the Tretyakov Gallery.

Famous works

The most widely known works of the artist are exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery, among them the painting "February azure", as well as the canvases "March snow", "Uncleaned Table" and "Chrysanthemums". All of the above works were written in the 1900s. - the period recognized as the most inspirational and productive in the artistic career of I.E. Grabar.

Many of the artist's early works are characterized by the realism inherent in the Academic School, however, throughout his studies and further career, Grabar chose the most suitable artistic method for himself - divisionism. All the completed works of the artist were written in this style.

Divisionism in painting

Divisionism is an offshoot of the painting method called pointillism, which is based on the manner of writing or drawing with dots. Points can be isolated from each other and non-isolated.

Divisionism has become a style of its own thanks to its sophisticated, almost mathematical approach to image creation. A special characteristic of the style is the almost one hundred percent rejection of. Divisionism is based on dividing a complex color or shade into a number of "pure colors" and applying them to the canvas with strokes of the correct shape (not necessarily dots). The strokes are applied with the exact expectation that as a result, the viewer will see exactly the shade that was originally divided into the spectrum of its constituent colors.

The history of the creation of "February azure"

Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar is one of those artists who are not afraid to leave the beaten path and strive to paint the familiar with new colors.

Even during his studies, Grabar showed interest in especially those that reveal to the viewer the simple charm of the Russian winter. Snow allows you to make the most of the visual advantage of Divisionism techniques.

Painting (Grabar) "February Azure" was inspired by the moment. Walking around the winter suburbs of Moscow, Grabar looked at a beautiful, tall birch, with incredibly slender, almost symmetrical branches. The author raised his head and saw a cascade of colors and shades above him - the magic of nature created by birch branches, sky blue and many incredible, some non-winter shades. This sight impressed the artist so much that his most famous painting was painted under the influence of a moment.

Painting "February Azure": description and analysis

Both the author of the picture and many critics see something fantastic, fabulous in a simple, unpretentious image. The birch, like a magic bird, spread its rich wings over the vastness of the heavenly blue. Bright blotches of green, brown and create a feeling of approaching spring - it is not here yet, but as if it is about to come out of the corner.

Why the painting is called "February Azure", and not otherwise, is explained by the technique of execution. In divisionism, artists try not to mix colors, and the necessary shades are created in the process of strategically calculated combination of strokes made with "pure" colors. In "February azure" there is a heavenly blue, against which iridescent birches shine - the same azure.

A distinctive feature of the artist I.E. Grabar was the ability to transform ordinary landscapes, things and images familiar to a Russian person into magical paintings and fabulous canvases filled with color, air and deep, quivering love for their native land. The painting (Grabar) "February Azure" is a vivid confirmation of this.