Paintings in Japanese style. How to draw a picture in Japanese style? Japanese house - how is it arranged inside and outside? Japanese house pencil drawing for children

28.06.2020

Japan is the land of the rising sun. This amazing eastern land has always been distinguished by interesting customs and traditions. Japanese design is of great interest to fans of exotic things. Japanese private houses – the best purchase for people seeking peace and harmony. Housing made in this style is a real work of art.

Japanese houses are called differently, it all depends on the type of structure. The most common and widespread name is “minka”. A tall house is usually called a “biru”, and an apartment building is called a “mansyong”.

A traditional Japanese house is called a "minka", which means "house of people". Many years ago, Japanese society was divided into classes, and such housing belonged to ordinary peasants, artisans and merchants. Over time, this division of social layers disappeared, and the word “minka” began to be used to refer to any traditional Japanese houses.

The main feature of the Japanese house is the breadth of the range of styles and sizes. First of all, buildings are closely related to geographical and climatic conditions. Housing reflects the lifestyle of its inhabitants. In the summer, the country is quite hot, so houses are built so that they can be well blown by the wind.

Traditional Japanese house called "minka"

A Japanese house is somewhat reminiscent of an ordinary shed. This is a roof that rests on a frame made of wooden posts and rafters. The walls are replaced with sliding doors, so there are no windows or doors. Sliding panels in the house can be removed by adjusting the size and shape of the room.

External walls called “shoji” act as windows, which can also be moved apart and removed. They are covered with thin white rice paper.

Many who see the inside of a Japanese house for the first time are struck by the lack of furniture. There are no decorations anywhere, there is only a painting, under which there is a beautiful vase with fresh flowers.

Construction of a traditional Japanese house

A real Japanese house is designed for the warm season. The room is well ventilated, saving its residents from the humid heat. The downside is that it is quite cold in such a house in winter. There is no general heating; in a traditional home there is only local heating.

Japanese style interior design

The interior of a Japanese house is, first of all, a pleasant environment with light decorative elements. This style has the main requirement - nothing superfluous. The atmosphere of a Japanese house should give serenity and tranquility. The beauty of nature is at the forefront, which means that all items are made from natural materials.

The main attribute of this style is wooden sliding doors. They protect from sun and rain, and also create a pleasant matte glow in the room. In a Japanese home you can see partitions called “fusuma”, made of a thin frame and rice paper. They are used as a division of space. They can also be called screens, which are decorated with pictures. They can depict beautiful flowering trees, militant samurai or beautiful dancing geishas.

Classic Japanese house is a symbol of oriental culture and spirit. When depicting this architectural building, you need to take into account its features so that the drawing turns out great. The image process itself house but can be divided into several stages.

Instructions

Prepare example images. In addition to standard photos house ov, find some drawings of samurai. After all, Japanese house symbolizes a strict and strong defender of his country. If you look, you will find some similarities in the samurai's equipment and the decoration of the building. Imbued with the idea house a-defender, you can more clearly convey the atmosphere of the building.

Start with general lines. Already at this stage you are putting into the drawing what it will be like in the end. Determine the number of floors, area house A. Japanese construction is unique in that it has no restrictions on the height of one floor, or in diameter, or in anything else. Simply put, you are free to decide the size issue yourself.

Draw the details of the structure. Depending on your choice, this may be small house ik made of bamboo or stone castle. It's worth pointing out these little things. It is best not to outline light, small buildings. Leave some transparency in the walls. Stone giants, on the contrary, must “press” with their massiveness and the inaccessibility of their walls.

Pay attention to the roof. It symbolizes the head and helmet of a samurai. Try to point it upward so that it seems to be looking into the sky, waiting for the sun to come.

Decorate house. You won't find Japanese house without hieroglyphs, protective dragons, sun symbols or other important elements of Japanese architecture. Fill your drawing with the same thing - for greater realism and believability.

Master class on drawing "Land of the Rising Sun"

Dumler Tatyana Petrovna, art teacher at MAOU gymnasium No. 56 in Tomsk
Purpose: This work is intended for 4th grade students according to the B.M. program. Nemensky, for teachers, parents and all interested people.
Target: Form an initial understanding of Japanese culture.
Tasks:
- reveal the image of Japanese artistic culture,
- develop artistic taste, individual creative abilities,
- cultivate a respectful attitude towards the traditions and culture of the peoples of the world.
Materials:
To complete the first part of the work you will need: drawing paper, gouache, watercolor, painting brushes of different sizes (No. 1, No. 5), a glass of water.

In the 4th grade, during fine arts lessons, children get acquainted with the culture of different countries, master different drawing and artistic techniques. In this lesson, children are immersed in the topic.
We begin work by preparing the background. Use watercolor paints to paint the sheet with “rainbow” stripes.

While the sheet dries, the guys watch the presentation. Viewing a slide presentation introduces students to the geographical location of this country, the features of the landscape: majestic mountains, stone gardens with “humpbacked” bridges, ponds, charming flowering trees, bizarre architectural structures of vulgar centuries.
For further work, we select the most memorable images. Sakura is a blossoming cherry (plum) tree. We begin to draw branches in brown gouache, curved, ornate, with a characteristic thinning at the top. (Children are familiar with this technique; we practice pressing the brush at the beginning of the line, easing the pressure and raising the brush to the tip at the end of the line.)

To make the colors of the tree, we use white paint, mix white and a drop of red in the lid to obtain a pale pink tint. We paint flowers with a brush using the poking technique.

The pagoda is a multi-tiered structure used as a temple (Buddhist relics were kept inside). We draw the pagoda with ocher, rectangles of different sizes, lined up with a ladder. We place the building in the upper half of the sheet horizontally.

Next, we draw a roof with curved surfaces and raised corners that protrude beyond the building and reliably protect it from bad weather. With a thin brush and brown paint, the guys draw the outline of the roof and then paint it.

You will have to spend a little more time drawing the window and doorways of the pagoda.

On the second half of the sheet (horizontally) we draw one of the most beautiful aquatic plants - LOTUS. The lotus is born in muddy swamp water, but emerges clean. Lotus is a Buddhist symbol of purity.
We paint the lotus petals with a wide brush of pale pink color. The first petal is straight, then we add petals on the sides, connecting at the bottom into one point.

Having completed the symmetrical drawing of pink petals, we begin to draw white petals on top of the previous ones in the gaps.

The children complete the drawing of aquatic plants at their own discretion. Some people draw lotus leaves, some reeds, some simply decorate with patterns.

In the next lesson, students continue their acquaintance with Japanese culture. They have to make a round Japanese fan from their drawing. For this work they will need: scissors, glue, tape, 60 cm tape for packaging, 2 strips of cardboard 1 cm by 10 cm.

To begin, I suggest the children fold their drawing in half and cut along the fold line.

Then the two halves are glued together into one long strip. Glue a ribbon to the top edge of the picture (it can be any color).

The next stage of work is a little difficult for the guys; you need to fold the entire drawing into an even accordion.

We assemble the bottom edge of the accordion, fix it with our fingers, and secure it with tape.

Glue strips of cardboard to the outer edges of the fan.

Unfold, connect, the FAN is ready!

There is, however, exactly one thing that definitely did not come to Japan from anywhere, and which, apparently, will not go anywhere. This tradition stands and holds the Japanese as roots. Real estate. , an amazing building in which everything is completely different from anywhere else.

There is such a place - Open Museum of Japanese Houses in Kawasaki. The inscriptions alone are worth it. They'll figure it out. You can't draw. Except for pencil and charcoal, for some reason. AND traditional japanese toilet costs.

And you can't use it either. They say it's an exhibition piece. And I wanted it that way. It's a shame.

In general, no other people except the Japanese have come up with the idea of sleeping, eating, sitting and living at home right on the floor, without furniture. Even the most modern fashionable and expensive Tokyo skyscrapers Only from the outside do they look like Western buildings. Inside each apartment there is always at least one bedroom room, where rice mats are laid on top of concrete, and people sleep there directly on the floor, as before, because it is convenient for the Japanese. I'm already comfortable too. Well, these beds. You can fall off them in your sleep!

In addition to the floor, you also need a roof. Amazing fluffy Japanese roofs are also made of straw. They have a lot of layers so that they leak less. Once all the thatch has been installed, a special roof barber crawls across the roof with scissors and gives the house a fashionable haircut. Each region of Japan had its own traditions regarding the fashion for home hairstyles. In the most fashionable houses, the gardener planted flowers directly on the roof. The straw quickly rots from the rains, compost is formed, grass and flowers grow well. Just sometimes you have to remember to climb onto the roof and pull out the weeds from it. That is, weeds are, of course, a concern in the summer. Clearing the roof of snow is a concern in winter, otherwise the roof risks falling through. In the snowy regions of Japan, they also made a window on the roof - it worked as a winter exit, when the rest of the house was already covered with snow.

When the roof breaks or rots, it’s all lost. An acquaintance recently rented a new apartment somewhere in Chiba, on the first floor. Because the second floor of the house is already so leaky that it’s scary to go there, let alone move. So the second floor is empty. And there, among the puddles, a family of tanuki (raccoon dogs) settled. A friend called 911, but the rescuers were afraid to go to the second floor. They said that they would then call the Ministry of Emergency Situations to clean out the tanuki. But the owner of the house forgave the rent for May, since such a stupid matter.

The best part of the house is the bathhouse. The Japanese loved to wash. Japanese bathroom- a large basin with water, and under it firewood. In the bathhouse you had to cook yourself by adding firewood. Washing in such a traditional bath is a dangerous task. A small wooden stool was placed at the bottom of the basin to sit on. After all, if your leg or butt jumps off the stool, they will touch the bottom of the basin, which is hot over an open fire: sometimes you’ll wash yourself, sometimes you’ll get burned. But even such a bath used to be an expensive pleasure. Usually there was a bath in only one house per village, and the owner allowed all the residents to wash after his family in turn. In the same water. And now in traditional “menshuku” hotels, where there is already running water and even sometimes hot water, the owner fills the bathtub with hot water once a day and covers it with a wooden lid so that the water cools more slowly, then all the guests climb into this bathtub to wash in turn. The main thing is not to be the last.

Not only the bath, but also the kitchen, and the stove - completely different thinking in everything. Even the rice storage room is an amazing structure on 8-meter stilts with slippery steel ends. According to the idea, the mouse should slip on them and fall from a height. What samurai cunning!

This is the house that Tanaka-san built,
And this is rice hidden for the winter,
Hanging in the storeroom on high stilts,

And this is a fluffy gray mouse,
Which climbs on piles where there is rice,
Which hangs high in the closet,
In the house that Tanaka-san built.
And this is a slippery and sharp flooring,
Which the owner nailed onto piles,
From which the gray mouse falls,
Who climbed into the pantry where there was rice,
In the house that Tanaka-san built.

Hello, dear readers – seekers of knowledge and truth!

Japan is like a completely different world for Europeans. The life and way of life of the Japanese is so unusual for us that we, of course, are interested in getting to know this country better and learning about its traditions and culture. And today we will lift the veil of secrecy and take a look into a Japanese house.

We invite you to learn about how traditional Japanese housing is arranged inside and outside, what unusual pieces of furniture and household items are called, and compare how people lived in ancient times and in modern times.

Homes in the past

Types of dwellings

Traditional Japanese houses are called minka, which means "people's housing." They were inhabited by ordinary people who did not belong to the noble strata of the population and samurai.

As a rule, the residents of these houses were engaged in crafts, fishing, agriculture, and trading. Minkas, similar to the ancient ones, are now preserved only in rural areas.

Depending on the type of occupation, varieties of mink were distinguished:

matiya - for city dwellers;
noka - for villagers, farmers, peasants;
gyoka – for fishermen;
gassho-zukuri - for mountain dwellers in distant settlements.

Machiya - home in Japan

The latter are of particular interest and historical value. This was the name of the dwellings in the mountainous areas of the island of Honshu. The owners of gassho-zukuri were engaged in sericulture, so they needed a spacious ground floor for drying products, and an attic for the production process.

Gassho-zukuriin the villageGokayama and Shirakawa are included in the UNESCO Heritage List.

Appearance

To build the mink, inexpensive materials were used that could easily be found. The frame was made of solid wood, beams, the facade was made of wood, clay, bamboo with the use of grass and straw elements.

Particular attention was paid to the roof. Since there were no chimneys, unique high roof structures with several slopes and canopies were erected, which did not allow moisture in the form of snow and rainwater to linger. The roof of the matiya was tiled, tiled, and the roof was thatched.

Even the most modest families tried to surround themselves with a picturesque garden with green vegetation, decorative elements in the form of small ponds and bridges. Often there were separate utility rooms here. The house had a veranda - engawa, as well as a main entrance - odo.

Interior decoration

Minka starts from the hallway - genkan. This is where shoes are removed before going inside.

A typical house is divided into two parts: with a floor covered with earth, and with high niches raised by 50 centimeters with supports made of takayuka wood. The Japanese spend almost all their time on the floor: resting, talking, eating, sleeping.

Mushiro and tatami made from high-quality bamboo are laid on the floor. They, despite their simplicity, are very beautiful , comfortable and practical.

Since ancient times, the Japanese measure of area was not only square meters, but also tatami, the dimensions of which were 90 by 180 centimeters.

There are no separated rooms as such, because the space does not use load-bearing walls. Their role is played by movable fusuma partitions and shoji sliding doors.

The space enclosed by such screens becomes a room - washitsu. When guests are expected, the partitions are simply removed, creating one large living room.

What strikes the eye in a Japanese home is amazing order. This is partly the merit of neat, economical Japanese women, and partly of minimalism in the internal structure. There is little furniture here, half of which, such as cabinets and storage compartments, is built-in. The Japanese decor is also quite modest and is represented by paintings, ikebana, calligraphic elements and a kamidan niche like an altar.

The main piece of furniture is the kotatsu. This is a table with a table top, around which there is a blanket or a special mattress - a futon. Looking at the kotatsu from the inside will help you see a fireplace underneath it, which helps keep you warm.

The kitchen, bathroom and toilet are separated from the common area. The bathroom in the minka was always separate. The Japanese ofuro bath is also famous, where often all family members could wash in the same water, after first rinsing in a special room.

Home now

Changes

Modern realities dictate their conditions, technology does not stand still, new materials are appearing to replace old ones, and this, of course, is reflected in architecture.

Several trends can be traced that have changed the appearance of traditional houses:

One-story buildings are being replaced by houses with 2-3 floors.
The size of the home is influenced by the size of the family - parents try to ensure that each child has a separate corner.
Due to the hot and humid climate, houses are made more open and breathable.
In some regions prone to earthquakes and tsunamis, houses are built on stilts.
Only frame construction made of wood and reinforced concrete is allowed.
The imagination of architects develops along with technology, so more and more futurist-style buildings with non-standard geometry and layout appear.
Domed houses are gaining popularity - made of high-tech polystyrene foam in the shape of a hemisphere; their properties are in no way inferior to conventional buildings.
In a modern interior, traditional tatami is beginning to coexist with classic Western sofas, sofas, and couches.

Dome houses in Japan

Modern noka

In rural areas, changes in the external and internal decoration of houses are not as obvious as in the city. Here the dwellings remain quite traditional, with thatched roofs and bamboo outer walls still present.

The average area of a village house is 110-130 sq.m. There is a living room and 4-5 bedrooms here. The kitchen and dining room with a kamado fireplace for cooking are, as usual, located separately on the terrace.

City houses

Today, in cities, brick, iron, concrete, and bitumen materials are most often used for buildings. Within the city or in its immediate vicinity there is not as much free land as in the villages, so the courtyards are narrow and elongated.

Such tightness in space also affects the size of buildings - they rarely exceed 80 sq.m. There are bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and even a retail space or workshop if the owners need them. An attic is built under the roof to provide storage space.

Apartments

The Japanese, in pursuit of a good life, a prestigious profession, and consistently high earnings, are flocking to large cities, in particular Tokyo. The high population density and relatively small area make it necessary to build high-rise residential buildings with small apartments.

The average area of such an apartment is 10 sq.m., which in itself forces you to show ingenuity and miracles of logistics.

One room accommodates:

hallway;
fenced combined bathroom;
bedroom;
kitchen area;
built-in storage solutions;
balcony for drying clothes.

Richer people can afford an apartment of 70 sq.m., which is spacious by Japanese standards. or a house in the private sector within the city.

Some interesting facts

In Japan there is no such thing as central heating. To combat the cold, electric blankets, heaters, baths, and kotatsu are used.
The Japanese do not sleep on beds, but on kotatsu mattresses, which are so compact that they can easily fit in a closet.
The Japanese kitchen has a lot of different utensils and appliances - from dishwashers and bread makers to rice cookers and electric grills.
Before entering the toilet, you must wear shoes designed specifically for this room.
The best description of Japanese style in interior design is minimalism, harmony, cleanliness and asymmetry.

Conclusion

We learned that the traditional Japanese homes are called minka. Ordinary people used to live here, and in some areas similar houses still exist.

Family members spend most of their time on the floor, so the main task is to create a comfortable space filled with warmth and harmony with a minimum of furniture and decor. Over several centuries, the living conditions and everyday habits of people in the Land of the Rising Sun have not changed much, which makes their houses unique in their kind.

Let harmony and comfort never leave your home. Join us - subscribe to the blog, and let's search for the truth together!