Every night before fasting, you need to make an intention (niyyat). According to a reliable word, the intention pronounced at the beginning of the night is also sufficient. There are ulama who say that the intention pronounced in the first half of the night is not sufficient, and it is necessary to pronounce it in the second half, explaining this by the fact that the second part of the night is closer directly to fasting. If, after pronouncing the intention at night, before dawn, you perform actions that violate the fast (eating, intimacy with your wife), this will not harm the fast.
If someone falls asleep after pronouncing the intention, then the intention is not necessary to update, but it is advisable. Falling into disbelief(kufr), (murtadry) spoils the intention. If a person who has fallen into kufr repents before dawn, he needs the intention to renew. Intention, pronounced at night, during intimacy with your wife, is also sufficient for fasting.
1. If the intention is pronounced after dawn, the fast does not count.. The hadith says: “ The fast of someone who has not completed the intention at night, before dawn, will not be accepted. ».
2. The fast of a person who made an intention, doubting whether dawn has come or not, is not counted, since there was doubt in his intention . And if, after the intention, he doubts whether it was dawn or not, then his fast will be considered, since the basis of his doubt is the onset of dawn.
3. If after dawn a person doubts that he pronounced the intention before dawn, then this person’s fast does not count, since the basis of the doubt is not pronouncing the intention on time . But if he remembers that he made the intention at night or before dawn, his fast will be considered observed.
4. If after breaking the fast (i.e. in the evening) a person doubts reading the intention for fasting for the past day, then this will not harm the fast, even if he does not remember whether he said the intention.
5. If on the thirtieth night of Shaban a person expressed the intention to fast tomorrow in case that day turns out to be the first day of Ramadan, then this fast will not be considered . If he is told by those whom he trusts, be it a woman, a wicked man or a child, that the month of Ramadan begins tomorrow and he will fast, then his fast will count if it really turns out to be the first day of the month of Ramadan, and if it turns out that it is The last day of the month of Shaban does not count.
6. The fast of a person who read the intention, if the month of Ramadan begins tomorrow, to observe an obligatory fast, and if it turns out to be the last day of Shaban, then to observe a desirable fast, is accepted only as desirable (Sunnat) on the last day of Shaban (if he had the habit of fasting on the last day every month), because the basis of the intention is the remainder of Shaban . If this day happens to be the first day of the month of Ramadan, its fast will not be considered.
7. If a person on the thirtieth night of Ramadan read the intention to fast tomorrow and it really turned out to be the last day of Ramadan, his fast will be considered, since the basis of the intention is the rest of Ramadan.
Procedure, conditions and place of fulfillment of the intention
The place of intention is the heart. Saying the intention in words is not a condition, it is a desirable action (sunnah). Saying it together helps strengthen the intention in the heart. You need to remind yourself of the essence of the intention - the desire to give up actions that break the fast for the whole day. Pronouncing words of intention without understanding the meaning is not considered intention.
If you intend to observe an obligatory fast, you must indicate what kind of fast you are observing - the fast of the month of Ramadan, kaffarat or promised.
There is disagreement about whether the word "obligatory" (fard) should be used. According to reliable sources, it need not be pronounced. It will be enough if we say , without emphasizing that this is a mandatory post. But it is not enough to say “...fast tomorrow” without specifying that this is the fast of the month of Ramadan.
Saying Intention
It is advisable to pronounce the intention verbally and confirm it with your heart: « I intend to fast tomorrow for the month of Ramadan for the sake of Allah " All the ulama agreed with this version of the text of the intention.
If someone intends to make up for the missed fast of two months of Ramadan and in his intention he says “... compensatory fast of Ramadan ", it would be enough. There is no need to indicate which particular Ramadan you are fasting.
Also, one who observes the fast of various kaffarats can say “... observe the fast of kaffarat ”, without specifically indicating which kaffarat.
If you forgot to read the intention at night
If someone forgot to pronounce the intention before dawn, then fasting on that day will not be considered. But out of respect for Ramadan, he should not do anything on this day that breaks the fast. For the desired fast, it is enough to pronounce the intention before lunch on the day of fasting, since for it it is not a condition to pronounce the intention at night.
Also, if you intend, you can not name the month and day for sunnat fasting (white days, etc.). It is enough to say “fast tomorrow,” but it is better to name these days. At the same time, if on these days you pronounce the intention to observe a fast (compensatory or other sunnat fasts), then you can receive reward for both fasts.
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The ninth month of the Muslim calendar, Ramadan is one of the four holy months of the year. At this time, men and women keep a strict fast of Uraz, which is one of the main pillars of Islam. The main specificity of this fast is that the quantitative composition of food is not regulated - everything is allowed to eat, and only the timing of meals plays an important role. Let's figure out how a woman needs to keep the Uraza correctly so that long-term abstinence will benefit the body. Indeed, in addition to spiritual cleansing, Muslims fast to improve the health of the body.
Why keep Uraza in the month of Ramadan?
Fasting on Uraza helps atone for sins that were committed during the year. Ramadan is 30 or 29 days (depending on the lunar month) of strict fasting. During this period, Muslims should set aside time for donations, alms, reflection, contemplation and all kinds of good deeds. However, the main task of every believer is not to drink water or eat food from dawn to dusk. Unlike the Orthodox fast (Assumption or Great), during which it is forbidden to eat meat, fish, eggs and dairy products, during Uraza it is allowed to eat any food in moderation.
The main activity of Muslims during Ramadan is prayer. Before sunrise, each believer makes a niyat (intention) to observe the Uraz, and then eats food 30 minutes before dawn and prays. Prayers during the holy month are held in mosques, where Muslims come with their children or at home with relatives and neighbors. If a believer is in other latitudes during the month of Ramadan, then, according to the Hanafi madhhab (teaching), he reads the obligatory morning prayer according to Meccan time.
How to keep a cheer for a woman
During Uraza, Muslim women, like men, are prohibited from intimate life during daylight hours, and some especially believers prefer complete abstinence from sexual contact throughout the thirty-day fast. Traditionally, after sunset, believers gather in large families to eat food after a day of fasting. Women prepare food during the day, so they are allowed to taste the food as it cooks. This is strictly prohibited for men.
How to eat properly
In the first days of Ramadan, you have to fast for about 20 hours, so imams (Muslim priests) advise eating foods with a lot of fiber: oats, millet, barley, lentils, brown rice, wholemeal flour, millet, legumes. The morning menu of a Muslim woman must necessarily consist of fruits, berries, vegetables, meat, fish, bread and dairy products.
It is better not to complicate your menu with culinary delights during Ramadan, but to give preference to light salads seasoned with yogurt or vegetable oil. Such food does not irritate the stomach, improving digestion. To make it easier to fast, broths made from lean beef, chicken, lean fish or vegetables are useful. During Ramadan, women should refrain from fried foods, completely replacing them with steamed or stewed foods. In the process of preparing food, you need to dose the following products that stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid, which irritates the walls of the stomach:
- spices;
- garlic;
- caraway;
- cilantro;
- mustard.
For dinner, Muslims are advised to cook low-calorie dishes and not get too carried away with meat. During the day during Uraza it is forbidden to drink water, but after sunset it is advisable to drink 2 to 3 liters of water to replenish the water balance. Nutritionists, while observing Uraza, call for the exclusion of carbonated drinks, replacing them with natural juices, mineral water, and herbal teas.
Prayer
The obligatory prayer for all Muslims who observe Uraza is Tarawih prayer. Her time begins after the night Isha prayer and ends shortly before dawn. It is better to read Namaz Tarawih together with other believers, but if this is not possible, then it is permissible to read the prayer individually. In general, Islam is a religion that welcomes attendance at collective prayers, and the mosque promotes communication when joint prayers are performed that praise Allah and the Prophet Muhammad while reading the Koran.
What not to do - prohibitions
Prohibitions during the Uraza period are divided into strict and undesirable. Strict prohibitions refer to actions that violate fasting and require mandatory compensation for one day of Ramadan for 60 days of continuous fasting at any other time. These include: deliberate eating, vomiting and sexual intercourse. Also, during Uraza you cannot take medicines, capsules, tablets, give injections, drink alcohol or smoke. Undesirable actions in Ramadan that require only replenishment (1 day of fasting per violation) include:
- Eating out of forgetfulness.
- Involuntary vomiting.
- Swallowing anything that is not medicine or food.
- Touching the husband, kissing that does not lead to sexual intercourse.
At what age do girls start fasting?
A girl begins to fast from the age of majority. A Muslim child reaches puberty when he reaches 15 years of age. Girls are allowed to fast earlier if they are menstruating or have their own desire. If all of the above signs are absent, then according to Muslim customs the girl should not fast.
It is now difficult to overestimate the importance of a 30-day fast for human health. Even science has proven that by fasting, the human body is cleansed of excess weight, salts, bile, under-oxidized metabolic products, and breathing is normalized. The experience of centuries shows that Uraza is the most effective method of getting rid of various chronic diseases: allergies, gallstones, osteochondrosis and migraines. During fasting, defense mechanisms are enhanced, the immune system is stimulated, and the aging process is delayed.
Beginners need to know that during this month all sorts of excesses are excluded, and there are special rules for the intake of food and liquids. Immediately after sunset, the fasting person eats only light food, and a couple of hours before dawn - a dense meal. Such food is considered godly, and therefore serves for the forgiveness of sins. At the evening meal, it is advisable that a mullah or a person who knows the Koran well be present; he will read surahs and talk about the deeds of God. Small talk is not prohibited during the evening breaking of the fast.
Is it possible for pregnant and lactating women to fast?
Women in the postpartum period or during menstruation do not observe Uraza - this is confirmed by the corresponding Sunnahs. As for pregnant and nursing mothers, they can completely or selectively refuse fasting at their own discretion, especially if they are afraid for their or their child’s health. As for making up for a missed post, the woman makes this decision on her own.
Without complete ablution
Sometimes, for some independent reason, a woman does not have a complete ablution, and the fast has already begun. For example, menstruation ended at night, or marital intimacy took place, or the spouses overslept the morning meal. This should not bother a woman in any way, because complete ablution and observance of Uraza are in no way interconnected with each other. Ritual purity is needed only for performing namaz.
When do you get your period?
According to the rules of Islam, during menstruation, Uraza must be interrupted in any case, regardless of marital status and age. Prayers and namaz are not performed, since the woman does not have ritual purity. According to the rules, the missed days of fasting at the end of Ramadan must be made up one to one in a row or in a breakdown at the discretion of the Muslim woman. But the woman does not make up for missed prayers.
What to do if it’s hard to keep Uraza in the heat
When the month of Ramadan falls in the summer heat, it is very difficult for Muslims to keep Uraz, because on hot days thirst increases, and refusal of water can negatively affect human health. Moreover, during a 30-day fast, it is forbidden not only to drink, but even to rinse your mouth, because drops of water can get into the stomach. In this case, Islam gives some concessions for pregnant women, children, travelers, the elderly and seriously ill people.
Fast one day or with breaks every other day
If a Muslim woman has serious illnesses, for example, diabetes, pancreatitis and others, then she can keep Uraza not every day, but every other day. Fasting is not so much abstinence from food and water as it is the promotion of spiritual growth and purification of thoughts. But if a woman can keep Uraza with such diseases, then she should eat fresh raw vegetables, fruits, nuts, not overeat, and not throw on food at the holiday of breaking the fast of Eid al-Fitr, when Ramadan ends.
Video
When a woman holds Uraza for the first time, long before the onset of Ramadan, she needs to prepare herself for the fact that this is not a hunger strike, but a great joyful holiday, so that there is a feeling of a cheerful event. It should be remembered that the fasting person receives a reward, which during Ramadan multiplies all the good deeds of a person. And for violating Uraza without a good reason, a Muslim woman will have to pay the needy a certain amount and make up for the missed day with any day of fasting. Watch the video for advice for women starting to keep the Uraz:
Fasting for Muslim women and men in 2019
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, the date of which changes annually. In 2019, Muslims begin to hold it on May 16, and on June 15, Muslim men and women around the world celebrate the greatest holiday of Eid al-Adha. On this day they give alms, remember relatives and friends, and visit the graves of deceased relatives.
Schedule
The pre-dawn meal (Suhur) ends 10 minutes before the morning prayer (Fajr). At the end of the evening prayer (Maghrib), you should break your fast, preferably with water and dates, after making an appeal to Allah. Night prayer is Isha, after which 20 rakats (cycles) of Tarawih prayer are performed for men, followed by Witr prayer.
Niyat is one of the most important concepts in Islamic doctrine, since almost any human act, permitted or forbidden, begins with intention.
Before doing anything, a person initially works out a plan of further actions in his head and expects a certain result from it.
Intention plays a key role in assessing certain actions of Muslims. The same act from a theological point of view can be interpreted differently if people had completely different intentions when committing it.
The Prophet Muhammad (s.w.w.) instructed: “Truly, deeds are judged only by intentions and, truly, every person will get what he intended to gain” (hadith cited by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
For example, a person can go to both Heaven and Hell for it. After all, everything depends on the intention of the believer himself. If he prays for the sake of the pleasure of the Almighty, then by the will of the Lord he will end up in Paradise. If he performs prayer for show, that is, he is zealous in worship only when people are looking at him, in order to appear more pious in their eyes, then for this, by God’s will, he may end up in Hellfire. The Prophet (s.g.w.) said: “Truly, performing deeds for show, even a little, is also shirk (polytheism)” (Ibn Majah).
If with actions that have already been committed, everything is extremely obvious, then what can be said about those cases when the servant of Allah intended to commit a certain act, but did not do it?
The answer to this question is contained in the following saying of the Messenger of the Almighty (s.w.): “Truly, Allah wrote down good and bad deeds, after which he explained them. For someone who decides to perform a good deed, but is unable to complete it, the Almighty will write down the completion of the entire good deed; If a person decides to commit a good deed and does it, then the Lord will write down for him the commission of ten to seven hundred and many more good deeds. For someone who decides to commit a bad deed, but fails to do it, Allah will write down a whole good deed, and if he decides to commit a bad deed and commits it, then the Creator will write down one bad deed for him” (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
Specifying the second part of this hadith, some nuances should be noted. If a Muslim decides to do something bad, but does not bring his plan to life, then in this situation, in the opinion of most theologians, everything depends on the reason why he did not accomplish his plan. If fear of the punishment of the Almighty is to blame, then the person will certainly be credited with a good deed. If the reason was only the fear of public censure following the action, then, according to scientists, a sin will be recorded for him, since he, abandoning his plans, was guided by public opinion, and not by fear of punishment from the Creator.
In cases where the servant of Allah conceived something bad, began to make efforts to accomplish it, but was unable to complete his intention for reasons beyond his control, then, as theologians say, he will be counted as a sin for this, by the will of the Almighty. This is confirmed by the following hadith: “When two Muslims stand face to face, drawing their sabers, then both the one who killed and the one killed will end up in Hell” (al-Bukhari).
If a person sincerely desires something, but at the moment he does not have the opportunity to carry it out, then he will also be credited for this good deed. For example, if a person sincerely wants to build a mosque, but he does not have the means for this, then a good deed will also be recorded for him for this, since he has good goals, which, by the will of the Creator, he cannot yet achieve.
Is sin recorded as bad thoughts?
If intention plays such an important role in assessing certain actions, then what about the thoughts, in particular the negative ones, that come to mind every day?
For bad thoughts, by the grace of the Lord, sin is not recorded for people, as stated in the following statement by the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (s.g.w.): “Truly, the Almighty has forgiven my community those thoughts that are born in their minds until they become they embody them in actions or words” (cited by al-Bukhari and Muslim). However, this does not at all serve as an excuse for turning our consciousness into an accumulation of various kinds of negative thoughts, because they often appear due to our own shortcomings.
In this regard, every person should engage in self-development and improvement in order to avoid the appearance of bad thoughts in the head. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “The true believer with the most perfect iman is the one who has the best character” (at-Tirmidhi). And another hadith says: “A believer with his good disposition reaches the level of one who keeps fast and spends the night in worship” (Abu Dawud).
The month of Ramadan is a time of spiritual purification and improvement for Muslims. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran: “O believers, fasting is obligatory for you, as it was obligatory for those who came before you, so that you may fear God.”
The Islamic calendar is tied to the lunar cycle, so the beginning and end of fasting in the month of Ramadan fall on different dates each year. In 2019, Ramadan will begin at dawn on May 5, immediately after morning prayers, and end on the evening of June 3, after evening prayers. Thus, the duration of fasting in 2019 will be exactly 30 days.
According to tradition, Muslims pronounce words of intention for fasting in the month of Ramadan. The obligatory nature of intention is evidenced by the following hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him): “Deeds are accepted and evaluated according to their intention...” (“Sahih al-Bukhari”, No. 1; “Sahih Muslim”, No. 1907).
How is fasting observed in the month of Ramadan?
During this holy month, Muslims must observe many rules. From dawn to sunset, believers should not eat or drink, and they should also abstain from marital intimacy.
These prohibitions are lifted only at night. During this period, halal products that do not contain parts of pork carcasses can be included in the diet, and the slaughter of animals must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Islam.
It is believed that administering medicines by injection (injections), donating blood and letting blood (hijama), performing a full ablution, taking a shower, briefly staying in a bathhouse, inhaling incense, as well as some other actions do not break the fast.
Only sick and elderly people, travelers, children, nursing and pregnant women may not observe fasting (Uraza).
Elderly and terminally ill people should be given alms for each missed day of fasting, enough to feed one person. The rest of the believers must subsequently make up for all missed days of fasting.
Why were such restrictions introduced? Restriction in food and sexual abstinence help free believers from the dominance of animal needs and allow them to indulge in reflection on spiritual values.
Compliance with all the instructions helps people better control their thoughts, emotions and actions, change their habits, as well as strengthen their faith and become richer spiritually.
Please note that if a person observes only dietary restrictions, but his deeds and thoughts are unclean and not pleasing to God, then the fast is considered invalid, for “Allah does not need abstinence from food and drink from someone who has not abandoned lies.”
During the entire period of fasting, believers are prohibited from smoking; You cannot lie, slander anyone, conflict with people and use foul language. But the main thing at this time is spiritual improvement: Muslims need not only to abstain from sins, but to do as many good deeds as possible.
Before starting the fast, certain rules must be followed. According to tradition, on the eve of Ramadan, believers need to get up before sunset, perform ablution and eat; at the same time, the menu usually includes high-calorie, that is, filling food.
How to pronounce niyat for the fast of Ramadan?
The month of Ramadan should begin with words of intention for fasting, which Muslims are not required to, but preferably, pronounce out loud. If a believer has not announced his intention, then abstaining from food, which he will adhere to, will not be considered fasting in the name of Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The fast of one who does not determine it [with his heart’s intention] before dawn is invalid.”
So, it is with niyat, performed primarily in the heart, that the morning of the first day of fasting should begin. Also, the words of intention should be pronounced separately for each subsequent day of fasting - in the evening or in the morning before dawn, before the time of morning prayer, otherwise the fast will be considered invalid, because one intention for the entire month is not enough for all fasts.
How to read intentions in Ramadan correctly?
You must say whether this intention is to simply observe the requirements of fasting or to make up for a fast missed earlier.
Words of intention might sound like this:
“Navyaytu an asuuma sawma shahri Ramadaana min al-fajri ilal-magribi haalisan lillayahi ta’aala.”
Niyat for the fast of Ramadan in Russian:
“I intend to fast the month of Ramadan from dawn to sunset sincerely for the sake of Allah Almighty.”
Let's say a few words about the regime and diet these days. Breakfast should end half an hour before dawn. This meal, called suhoor, can include fruits or dairy products.
After eating, the obligatory morning prayer - Fajra - follows. The next meal occurs after the evening Maghrib prayer. It is believed that at this time it is best to include dates in the diet.
If any of the believers forgot to pronounce the intention for fasting Ramadan before dawn, then his fast on this day will not be considered observed. However, Muslims should observe all necessary restrictions on this day out of respect for Ramadan.
For the desired fast, it is enough to pronounce the intention before lunch, since it is not a condition for it to pronounce the intention at night.
If someone intends to make up for the missed fast of two months of Ramadan, then the niyat should include the words “... making up for the fast of Ramadan” - and this will be enough. In this case, there is no need to indicate which particular Ramadan fast you are making up for.
Also, one who observes the fast of various kaffarats (atonement for committing a sin, including breaking the fast), can say “... observe the fast of kaffarah,” without specifically indicating which kaffarah.
Also, in addition to the usual five prayers, every night you need to perform an additional prayer provided only for this month, which is called tarawih. It is believed that after the end of Ramadan, people are renewed and receive blessings from above if they perform all the prayers prescribed by Islam.
Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam on which faith in Allah is based. Please note that during this period both rewards for good deeds and punishment for bad ones increase many times over.
Fasting consists of two main components, subject to which it is considered valid: intention and abstinence from everything that violates fasting (mufattyrat), in the period of time from the onset of morning prayer to the onset of evening prayer.
In turn, the intention also consists of three components, without which it is considered invalid.
Intention is a strong desire, a goal to do something. For our good deed to be counted, it is enough that the intention be in the heart, but it is advisable that we also say it out loud. And simply uttering words, without the purpose of doing something specific, is not considered intention. The obligation of intention is determined by the following hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him): “ Actions are accepted and judged by their intention...
إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ
If the intention is to observe fasting in the month of Ramadan, then there are still necessary actions
Anyone who wants to fast intends to do this even before he begins to fast, namely before the time of morning prayer arrives. If the intention is made after the time for morning prayer, it is considered invalid, and therefore the fast will not be counted. For the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “ The fast of one who does not intend to observe the fast before the time of morning prayer is invalid. "(Sunan ad-Darukutni, No. 2/172; Al-Bayhaki, No. 4/202).
من لم يبيت الصيام قبل الفجر فلا صيام له
Determining the type of fast, i.e. what kind of fast a person is going to observe: the month of Ramadan, a penal fast or... If you simply intend to fast, but without a definition, such an intention is invalid. Because the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) says: “ Actions are accepted and evaluated according to their intention, and each person will be credited for what exactly he intended... "(Sahih al-Bukhari, No. 1; Sahih Muslim, No. 1907).
إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ وَلِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى
Renewing intention every night for every post. For the fast to be valid, it is necessary to make the intention to observe the fast for the current day every day before the time of morning prayer. One intention for the entire month, for all the fasts, is not enough, since each fast, although repeated daily, is considered a separate worship, and as we understand from the above hadith, each worship needs an intention.
A sample statement of intention for the obligatory fast of the month of Ramadan: “I intend to observe the obligatory fast of the month of Ramadan of this year tomorrow for the sake of Allah Almighty.”
Note: according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, the intention even for the obligatory fast of the month of Ramadan can be made even an hour before the time of lunch prayer. Some theologians allow the possibility of making an intention for fasting according to the Hanafi madhhab for someone who forgot to make an intention before the time of morning prayer. And according to the madhhab of Imam Malik, it is allowed to make an intention for all the fasts of the month of Ramadan at once on the first day. Therefore, it would be advisable to take advantage of this and make an intention for the entire month according to the madhhab of Imam Malik, and also make an intention every night for each fast, so that in case we forget to make an intention, we will not be left without fasting.
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