Administrative unit of the Russian Empire. The center is the city of Orenburg.

It occupied the south-eastern part of European Russia and bordered: in the north with , in the west with and provinces, in the south with and regions, in the east with y.

History of the formation of the Orenburg province

In 1782, the Ufa governorate was formed from two regions: Ufa and Orenburg.

At the same time, the cities of Guryev and Uralsk were assigned to the Astrakhan province; Orenburg was appointed the main city.

In 1796, the Ufa governorate was renamed the Orenburg province; the city of Orenburg remained a provincial city. In 1802, the city of Ufa was designated a provincial city, instead of Orenburg; in 1850, with the formation of the Samara province, the Bugulma, Buguruslan and Buzuluk districts were separated from the Orenburg province.

In 1865, the former Orenburg province was divided into two: Ufa and Orenburg. At the same time, the Orenburg Cossack army, which until then was not subordinate to the general provincial government, was included in the province, the governor of which is at the same time the ataman of the army. In the same year, the Bashkirs, who had their own special authorities, canton and yurt, were subordinated, along with the peasants of all departments, to the general province. management.

Until 1868, the Orenburg Cossack army was divided into 12 regiments and military districts; then military districts were renamed into departments, and district commanders were renamed into atamans of departments. There are 3 atamanstvos: the first in Orenburg and partly in the Orenburg district, the second in Orsk and Verkhneuralsk, the third in Troitsky and Chelyabinsk districts.

In 1919, Chelyabinsk was separated from the Orenburg province. In 1928, the Orenburg region was included in the Middle Volga region, from which the Orenburg region was separated in 1934.

From 1865 to 1919 the composition Orenburg province included 5 counties:

In 1919, a significant part of the territory of the Orenburg province went to the Chelyabinsk province and the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. As a result, only 2 districts remained in the province - Orenburg and Orsk. In June 1922, Isaevo-Dedovsky district was created (in 1923 it was renamed Kashirinsky district). In 1927, all districts of the Orenburg province were abolished, and districts were created in their place.

Additional materials on the Orenburg province

• Plans for general land surveying of the counties of the Orenburg province

  Bugulminsky district	2 versts	-
  Buguruslan district	2 versts	-
  Menzelinsky district	2 versts	-
  Trinity district	2 versts	parts 1-21
  Trinity district	2 versts	parts 22-24
  Chelyabinsk district	2 versts	-

• The First General Census of the Russian Empire in 1897 / ed. [and with a preface] N.A. Troinitsky. — [St. Petersburg]: publication of the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: 1899-1905.
  Orenburg province. - 1904. - XX, 173 p. .
• Lists of populated places of the Russian Empire, compiled and published by the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. - St. Petersburg: in the printing house of Karl Wulff: 1861-1885.
  Orenburg province: according to information from 1866 / processed by ed. V. Zverinsky. - 1871. - , CXII, 108 pp., color. kart. .
• Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire / published by the Highest Order under the 1st Department of the General Staff Department. - St. Petersburg: in the printing house of the Department of the General Staff: 1848-1858.
  Orenburg province / [based on reconnaissance and materials collected on the spot, they formed a regiment under the leadership. Blaramberg. Gene. headquarters headquarters Gern and Lieutenant Vasiliev]. - 1848. - , 121 p., l. table .
• Map of the Orenburg province [Maps]. — St. Petersburg: Cartogr. A. Ilyin's establishment: . — 1st part: color; 63x93 (70x103).
  Shown: provincial borders, settlements (5 groups), roads including dirt roads, factories, piers, churches. .
  Conventional signs: boundaries of military departments and districts, lands of the Orenburg Cossack army allocated to the Kyrgyz, outside departments and privately owned, military forest dachas. .
  Add. map: Plan of Orenburg.-. .

Village Hornets / Sherstni

The village appeared in 1784/1737, mentioned in archival documents in 1795 as a Cossack settlement of Daniil Sherstnev (Shershnev). Named after the surname of the first settler. Taken from here:

1737 - six versts from the Chelyabinsk fortress, the Sherstnev settlement was founded by Danila Sherstnev. Later, the name of the village was simplified to Hornets. The village was Cossack, all its inhabitants consisted of the Dvoedan faith and partly Pomors. The Pomors had their own church. And the dvoedans - a chapel where both of them celebrated their rituals.
1773-1774 - E. Pugachev’s campaign in the Urals began. This event also affected the village of Shershni.
1795 - the village of Shershni - a Cossack village; households - 17, men - 59, women - 49.
1810 - prospectors in the area of ​​the village of Shershni mined placer gold

1900 - in the village there are 73 courtyards. 298 residents live. Farmsteads and a water mill appeared.

1906 - the Dvoedan chapel was built by a team of artisans.
1907 - the village board was created.
1910 - a junior high school building was built. It was a Cossack school, located in an ordinary wooden house, which was divided into two halves. In one there was a classroom, in the other the school director lived.
1916 - a prayer house was built.

1919 - The Red Army came to the village. With the establishment of Soviet power, the village became the center of the Shershnevsky village council.
...
1925 - land was redistributed in the village. All the land kulaks-Cossacks was taken away and became the property of the state.


In the 1940s The Chelyabinsk Electromechanical Plant was opened in the village, currently repairing automotive and tractor electrical equipment for agricultural machinery, starters, generators, and electric motors. This is the main enterprise in the village. Hornets, which provides residents with jobs and helps support the social sphere. In any case, the village still exists and is even developing somehow.

Pos. Groznetsky

Located in the southwestern part of the Etkulsky district of the Chelyabinsk region, between the lake. Duvakkul and Maly Sarykul, on the shore of a small lake. Kosulino / Gryaznogo.

The village was founded at the beginning of the 19th century. came from the Kichiginsky fortress, named after the exiled Pole Groznetsky. He is one of the Polish rebels, convicted and exiled to eternal settlement in the Orenburg region under the supervision of the Cossacks. The name of the constable Groznetsky became known in the Etkul village in 1837, when he was partially pardoned and settled on a farmstead that received his name.

List of populated places in the Orenburg province, 1871

From archival documents it follows that Groznetskaya in 1826 was the village of the second village (Kichiginskaya fortress) of the second canton of the Orenburg Cossack army, it had 8 households, two servicemen, nine youngsters and retired Cossacks. The village's dacha amounted to 1,644 acres.

List of populated places in the Orenburg province, 1901

In 1916, the village was already in the Karatabanskaya village, it had 50 households, 255 inhabitants. Since 1926 - in the Sokolovsky village council, 70 households and 323 residents.<...>

List of populated places in the Orenburg province, 1916

In 1990, the regional executive committee decided to liquidate the subsidiary farm and transfer it to the Belonosovsky state farm. But at the request of the village residents, it was returned to the Karataban State Farm with the rights of separation. In 2008, there were three farmers in the village, who employed former machine operators from the Groznetsk branch of Karatabanskoe LLP. The Chelyabinskaya Poultry Farm OJSC and the Karatabansky branch of PU-127 also rent land here.

The social sphere is poorly developed. The village has a club and a first aid station. Water is taken from wells. In 2008, the village had 46 households and 97 residents, of which 19 were pensioners.

Karataban rural settlement.

The village is interesting to me, first of all, because it had a church, to which the Groznetsky settlement was assigned.

Karataban appeared after 1744, on the lake of the same name as a settlement from the Etkul fortress. According to the V revision of 1795, there were 23 households and 156 inhabitants in the village. The Cossacks of the Karataban village of the Orenburg Cossack army were engaged in cattle breeding, arable farming and participated in all the wars waged by Russia.

In 1859, a single-altar stone church was founded in honor of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, consecrated by Bishop Anthony in 1863.

By 1900, the village had two schools, three windmills, a stone church, 236 courtyards, and 1,376 residents. The Cossacks of the Karataban village as part of the 11th regiment of the Orenburg Cossack Army fought in the First World War.

According to AiF materials, the people lived prosperously, in the morning three herds left the village to graze, and local Cossacks sent their high-quality wheat and peas to the London World Exhibition. However, with the advent of Soviet power, everything changed. [I heard such a point of view that the Cossacks, in the eyes of the new government, represented the greatest danger, since they served Tsarist Russia. This was the only force in the country that could raise an uprising. Therefore, the “dekulakization” itself was partly just a cover for the campaign to destroy and collapse the Cossacks.]

During the Soviet years, Karataban lost the best part of its inhabitants. In addition to the extermination of service people, in March 1931 the parish priest Ivan Svyatchenko was arrested. And in 1940 the temple was completely destroyed.

Well, then the usual scenario: perestroika, the dashing 90s. One morning the milkmaids came to work and the barn was empty. The management of the farm took out and sold all the livestock at night. Then they sold off the equipment. The apple orchard was cut down. Now in its place is a wasteland. There are weeds where buckwheat and watermelons once grew.

In 2003, the population of Karataban was 1,317 people.

Maps of the Orenburg province

Maps are available for free download

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Historical information on the province

Geography

The Orenburg province was located in the South-East of the European part of Russia and had an area of ​​190 square meters. km. The Southern Urals crosses the province, with its individual peaks (Yaman-Tau) reaching 1640 m. The mountain slopes are covered with forests (up to 2 thousand sq. km). The Eastern Asian part of the province and the South are steppe in nature. The soil in mountainous areas is rocky, in steppe areas it is black soil.

The climate is continental: dry and harsh, despite the summer heat. Average temperature for Orenburg (51° 45´ N) 1-3.6; in the summer in the steppes - treatment with kumis.

Population

Residents - 1836 thousand; Population density - 10 inhabitants per 1 sq. km; in 6 cities there are 174 thousand inhabitants. Population composition: Russians - 73%, Bashkirs - 16%, Tatars - 4%, Mordovians - 3%, others - 4%.

Story

The first inhabitants of the region were probably the peoples of the Finnish tribe; Strahlenberg and Humboldt recognize the Bashkirs, the oldest inhabitants of the region, as a people of the Finnish tribe, who only over time adopted the Mongolian type. In the XIII century. Bashkiria and the lands lying between the Volga and the Urals were conquered by the Mongols and depended on the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan until the latter were conquered by Ivan the Terrible.

In the second half of the 16th century. the influence of the Moscow state began to gradually penetrate to the southeast. The remnants of the Great Tatar Horde roamed between the Urals and the Volga; Of these, the Nogais were considered stronger and richer than the others, possessing the entire lower reaches of the Yaik (Ural). Most of the Orenburg district, the entire Orsky, Verkhneuralsky, Troitsky districts and part of the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg districts, as well as the Shadrinsky, Ekaterinburg, Krasnoufimsky districts of the Perm province and most of the Ufa province made up the country known as Bashkiria and inhabited by the Bashkirs. Behind them, to the southeast, hordes of Kyrgyz-Kaisaks roamed in the steppes, at that time very strong and possessing the cities of Tashkent, Samarkand and others. The Tatar hordes and Nogais were not dangerous to the Russians due to the turmoil and strife that took place between them, the Kyrgyz were far away them from the lands newly acquired by Russia. The Bashkirs, exhausted by internal tribal strife, pressed by the raids of the Kirghiz-Kaisaks, preferred to directly recognize the power of the Tsar of Moscow over themselves (see Bashkirs).

Among the Russians, the first settlers on the banks of the Urals were people who fled the executions of Grozny and were generally dissatisfied with the order of things in Russia. Peter I foresaw that with the establishment of Russian power in the southeast, trade with Central Asia should develop; He considered the current Orenburg region to be a wide gateway to Asia. The implementation of his plans began, however, only under Anna Ioannovna. The first organizers of the region were Kirilov (1735-37), V.N. Tatishchev (1737-39) and I.I. Neplyuev (1742). When a line of fortresses was built here, the backbone of the Russian population of the province was the Cossacks.

In 1744, the Orenburg province was established, to which in 1752 the town of Guryev (now in the Ural region) was annexed from the Astrakhan province, and in 1773 - from the Kazan province the city of Samara.

In 1782, the Ufa governorate was formed from two regions: Ufa and Orenburg.

There are 8 districts assigned to the Ufa region:
Ufa district
Birsky district
Menzelinsky district
Bugulminsky district
Buguruslan district
Belebeevsky district
Sterlitamak district
Chelyabinsk district

There are 4 districts assigned to the Orenburg region:
Orenburg district
Verkhneuralsky district
Buzuluk district
Sergievsky district

At the same time, the cities of Guryev and Uralsk were assigned to the Astrakhan province; Orenburg was appointed the main city.

In 1796, the Ufa governorate was renamed the Orenburg province; the city of Orenburg remained a provincial city. In 1802, the city of Ufa was designated a provincial city, instead of Orenburg; in 1850, with the formation of the Samara province, the Bugulma, Buguruslan and Buzuluk districts were separated from the Orenburg province.

In 1865, the former Orenburg province was divided into two: Ufa and Orenburg. At the same time, the Orenburg Cossack army, which until then was not subordinate to the general provincial government, was included in the province, the governor of which is at the same time the ataman of the army. In the same year, the Bashkirs, who had their own special authorities, canton and yurt, were subordinated, along with the peasants of all departments, to the general province. management.

Until 1868, the Orenburg Cossack army was divided into 12 regiments and military districts; then military districts were renamed into departments, and district commanders were renamed into atamans of departments. There are 3 atamanstvos: the first in Orenburg and partly in the Orenburg district, the second in Orsk and Verkhneuralsk, the third in Troitsky and Chelyabinsk districts.

In 1919, Chelyabinsk was separated from the Orenburg province. In 1928, the Orenburg region was included in the Middle Volga region, from which the Orenburg region was separated in 1934.

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