Lesson-presentation "Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Life and creative path"

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Biography of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

L.N. TOLSTOY (1828-1910). BIOGRAPHY.

L.N. Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 on the Yasnaya Polyana estate, near Tula, into a noble family. Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it. Without Yasnaya Polyana, perhaps I see more clearly the general laws necessary for my fatherland... L. TOLSTOY, “Memoirs in the Village”

Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya (1790-1830). Mother of L. Tolstoy. I don’t remember my mother at all. I was one and a half years old when she died... everything I know about her is wonderful... L. Tolstoy “Memoirs”

Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1795-1837). Father of L. Tolstoy. The first place...occupies, although not in terms of influence on me, but in terms of my feelings for him,... is my father. L. Tolstoy “Memoirs”

In 1851, L. Tolstoy went to the Caucasus and volunteered for artillery. Finally today I received the order to go to my battery, I am a 4th class fireworksman. You won't believe how much pleasure this gives me. L. Tolstoy - T. A. Ergolskaya. January 3, 1852

When I was twenty-six years old, I came to St. Petersburg after the war and became friends with writers. They accepted me as their own... L. Tolstoy “Confession” A group of writers from the Sovremennik magazine. L.N. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich, I.A. Goncharov, I.S. Turgenev, A.V. Druzhinin, A.N. Ostrovsky. From a photograph of 1856.

SOFIA ANDREEVNA BERS In 1862, L. Tolstoy married the daughter of a doctor. The choice has long been made. Literature-art, pedagogy and family. L. Tolstoy, Diary, October 6, 1863 She is a serious assistant to me. L. Tolstoy - A. A. Fetu. May 15, 1863

L.N. Tolstoy opened 26 public schools, where 9,000 children studied. When I enter the school and see this crowd of ragged, dirty, thin children, with their bright eyes and so often angelic expressions, I am overcome with anxiety, the horror that I would feel at the sight of drowning people... I want education for the people... to save those drowning Pushkins,... Lomonosovs. And they swarm in every school. L. Tolstoy - A. A. Tolstoy. December 1874

TOLSTOY, TOLSTOY! This is... not a person, but a HUMANITY, JUPITER. Maxim Gorky TOLSTOY is truly a huge artist, the kind that has been born for centuries, and his work is crystal clear, bright and beautiful. V. G. Korolenko... There is no person more worthy of the name of genius, more complex, contradictory and beautiful in everything... A. P. Chekhov

MUSEUM-ESTATE OF L. N. TOLSTOY “KHAMOVNIKI”

TOLSTOY died...But in his inheritance there is something that has not become a thing of the past, that belongs to the future. Demonstration in St. Petersburg regarding the death of L. N. Tolstoy. 1910 The grave of L.N. Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana.

STATE MUSEUM OF L.N. TOLSTOY IN MOSCOW

FOR MANY YEARS A SEVERE AND TRUTHFUL VOICE SOUND, CONVICTING EVERYONE AND EVERYTHING; HE TOLD US ABOUT RUSSIAN LIFE ALMOST AS MUCH AS ALL THE REST OF OUR LITERATURE. The historical significance of Tolstoy’s work... is the result of everything that Russian society experienced during the entire 19th century, and his books will remain for centuries as a monument to the hard work done by a GENIUS... M. GORKY

• (1828 – 1910).

• Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on August 28 (September 9), 1828 in the Yasnaya Polyana estate of the Krapivensky district of the Tula province into an aristocratic noble family.

• View of Krasnaya Polyana.

• House in Yasnaya Polyana.

• The Tolstoy family existed in Russia for six hundred years. According to legend, they received their surname from Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich the Dark, who gave one of the writer’s ancestors, Andrei Kharitonovich, the nickname Tolstoy.

• By origin, Lev Nikolaevich belonged to the famous noble families of Tolstoy (on his father’s side) and Volkonsky (on his mother’s side), which produced a number of statesmen and military figures famous in the history of Russia.

• Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky, grandfather of L.N. Tolstoy.

• Ekaterina Dmitrievna Volkonskaya, grandmother of Leo Tolstoy.

• Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy, grandfather of Leo Tolstoy.

• Pelageya Nikolaevna Tolstaya, grandmother of Leo Tolstoy.

• Nikolai Ilyich, father of Leo Tolstoy.

• Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya in childhood, mother of Leo Tolstoy.

• Maria Nikolaevna and Nikolai Ilyich had 4 sons: Nikolai, Sergei, Dmitry, Lev, and the long-awaited daughter Maria. However, her birth turned out to be an inconsolable grief for the Tolstoys: Maria Nikolaevna died during childbirth in 1830. And in 1837 Nikolai Ilyich died. The children's teacher was their distant relative Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya.
• In 1841, the children were taken by their own aunt Pelageya Ilyinichna Yushkova, who lived in Kazan.

• In 1844, Lev Nikolaevich entered Kazan University at the Department of Oriental Languages, then transferred to the Faculty of Law. Government teaching did not satisfy his inquisitive mind, and in 1847 Tolstoy filed a petition to dismiss him from among the students.

• Building of Kazan University.

• L.N. Tolstoy – student.

• Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy leaves Kazan and returns to Yasnaya Polyana. And in 1850 he was assigned to serve in the office of the Tula provincial government, but the service also did not satisfy him.

• Under the influence of his older brother Nikolai L.N. Tolstoy left for the Caucasus in 1851 and volunteered to serve in the artillery.

• Brother of the writer N.N. Tolstoy.

• View of the Caucasus.

• In 1854-1855, Tolstoy took part in the heroic defense of Sevastopol. This time was for him a school of military and civil courage. The experience he gained in battles later helped Tolstoy the artist achieve true realism in the battle scenes of War and Peace. In besieged Sevastopol, Tolstoy wrote Sevastopol Stories. For the first time in Russian literature, a writer chose as his heroes soldiers and sailors who fought for their Motherland.

• L.N. Tolstoy.

• Publication of “Sevastopol Stories” in the Sovremennik magazine.

• At the beginning of November 1855, Tolstoy was sent by courier to St. Petersburg. He stayed with I.S. Turgenev, in his apartment on Fontanka, near the Anichkov Bridge.
• In St. Petersburg, Turgenev introduced Tolstoy to the circle of famous writers and contributed to his literary success. Tolstoy became especially close to the writers grouped around Sovremennik.

• L.N. Tolstoy in the group of Sovremennik writers.

• Turgenev's persistent advice to leave military service still had an effect on Tolstoy: he submitted his resignation and in November 1856 received a dismissal from military service, and at the beginning of 1857 he set off on his first trip abroad through Warsaw to Paris.

• Paris.

• From France, Tolstoy arrived in London in early March 1861. Here he was lucky enough to attend a lecture by Charles Dickens, who was one of Tolstoy's most beloved writers; He placed his portrait in his Yasnaya Polyana office among the portraits of close people.

• London.

• From London
• Tolstoy returns to Russia through Brussels.

• In September 1862, Tolstoy married Sofya Andreevna Bers, the daughter of old acquaintances, Moscow doctor Andrei Evstafievich and his wife Lyubov Alexandrovna. Lev Nikolaevich knew their daughters: Lisa, Sonya and Tanya when they were girls; The Bers sisters attracted people with their cheerfulness, spontaneity, and lack of mannerisms.

• Sophia Bers.

• Immediately after the wedding, Lev Nikolaevich and Sofya Andreevna left for Yasnaya Polyana, where they lived almost continuously for 20 years. Tolstoy finally found family happiness. In Sofya Andreevna he found a diligent assistant in his literary work. She parsed and rewrote the writer’s difficult-to-read manuscripts countless times, happy to be the first to read his works.

• S.A. Tolstaya.

• L.N. Tolstoy.

• Since 1882, Tolstoy and his family lived in Moscow during the winters, as his eldest sons entered the university, and his daughter Tatyana entered the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
• The house purchased by Tolstoy was located in a working-class area. The writer was impressed by the contradictions of a large capitalist city, which Moscow had become by that time. This exacerbated the spiritual crisis that led Tolstoy to a break with the noble circle to which he belonged.

• Family of Leo Tolstoy.

• On October 28, 1910, at six o'clock in the morning, Tolstoy left Yasnaya Polyana forever.
• He and his companions were heading through Kozelsk to the south of Russia. On the way, Tolstoy fell ill with pneumonia and was forced to get off the train at Astapovo station. The last seven days of the writer’s life passed in the station master’s house.
• On November 7 at 6:50 a.m. Tolstoy died.

• Funeral in Yasnaya Polyana.

• Tolstoy's grave in Yasnaya Polyana.

• Tolstoy's death sparked a wave of anti-government demonstrations: factory workers went on strike; in St. Petersburg, near the Kazan Cathedral, a student demonstration took place; unrest and riots occurred in Moscow and other cities.

• Tolstoy's books in the languages ​​of the world.

• I cannot remain silent precisely because, whether by my age, my accidentally inflated reputation, or due to some other unknown and incomprehensible circumstances, I have been placed in an exceptional position, one in which I alone can speak among all those living in Russia with through the mouths of people, with my silence I would show consent and approval to those atrocities that, without hearing condemnation for them, are committed more and more boldly... by lost people who call and consider themselves rulers.
• L.N. Tolstoy, The death penalty and Christianity.
• You can't live like that. At least I can’t live like that, I can’t and I won’t.
• Then I write this and I will to spread with all my might what I write both in Russia and outside it, so that one of two things: either these inhuman affairs will end, or my connection with these affairs will be destroyed. . . or... they put a shroud on me just like those twenty or twelve peasants and pushed me off the bench in the same way, so that with my weight I would tighten the soapy noose around my old throat.
• L.N. Tolstoy, I Can’t Be Silent! (About death penalties.)

• L.N. Tolstoy

1859.

• MAIN DATES IN THE LIFE AND WORK OF L. N. TOLSTOY

• 1828.
• On August 28 (September 9, new style), Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on the Yasnaya Polyana estate, Krapivensky district, Tula province.
• 1841.
• After the death of his mother (1830) and father (1837), L.N. Tolstoy and his brothers and sister moved to Kazan, to his guardian P.I. Yushkova.
• 1844 - 1847.
• L.N. Tolstoy studies at Kazan University - first at the Faculty of Philosophy in the category of Arabic-Turkish Literature, then at the Faculty of Law.
• 1847.
• Without completing the course, Tolstoy left the university and came to Yasnaya Polyana, which he received as property under a separate deed.
• 1849.
• A trip to St. Petersburg University to take exams for a candidate's degree.
• 1849.
• Leo Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana.
• 1851.
• L.N. Tolstoy writes the story “The History of Yesterday” - his first literary work (unfinished).
• In May, Tolstoy travels to the Caucasus and volunteers in military operations.

• 1860 - 1861
• L.N. Tolstoy studies the organization of school work abroad during his second trip abroad to Europe. In May, L.N. Tolstoy returns to Yasnaya Polyana.
• 1861 - 1862.
• L.N. Tolstoy - world mediator, protects the interests of peasants; The Tula provincial nobility, dissatisfied with him, demands his removal from office.
• The story “Polikushka” has been written.
• L.N. Tolstoy publishes the pedagogical magazine “Yasnaya Polyana”, he graduated from the story “Cossacks”.
• 1863 - 1869.
• Leo Tolstoy is working on the novel “War and Peace”.
• 1868.
• L.N. Tolstoy begins to work on “The ABC”, graduated in 1872.
• 1872.
• In Yasnaya Polyana, Leo Tolstoy’s teaching activities, interrupted after the search, are resumed, and a congress of public school teachers is convened. L.N. Tolstoy is trying to create teacher training courses in Yasnaya Polyana.
• Working on stories for children.
• 1873.
• Tolstoy began writing the novel Anna Karenina and graduated in 1877.
• In June - August, L.N. Tolstoy participates in helping the starving peasants of the Samara province.

• 1901 - 1902.
• During his illness, L.N. Tolstoy lives in Crimea, where he often meets with A.P. Chekhov and A.M. Gorky.
• 1903.
• L.N. Tolstoy wrote the story “After the Ball.”
• 1905 - 1908.
• L.N. Tolstoy writes articles “Why?”, “I Can’t Be Silent!” and etc.

• L.N. Tolstoy. 1895

Artist, thinker, Man. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on August 28 (September 9), 1828 in the Yasnaya Polyana estate of the Krapivensky district of the Tula province into an aristocratic noble family. “I don’t remember my mother at all. I was 1.5 years old when she died. ...She was not pretty, but well educated for her time. She knew...four languages..., played the piano well, and... was a great master at telling fairy tales." "My father was of average height, well-built, lively, sanguine, with a pleasant face and always sad eyes. Father never humiliated himself before anyone, did not change his lively, cheerful and often mocking tone. And this sense of self-worth that I saw in him increased my love, my admiration for him." Mother - Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya () Father - Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy ()

The Tolstoy family The first chronicle mentions of the Tolstoy family date back to the 16th century. Pyotr Andreevich, the first of the Tolstoy family to receive the title of count, was a comrade-in-arms of Peter I. The Tolstoys were related to the families of famous figures of Russian history and culture: Pushkin A.S., P.Ya. Chaadaev, Decembrists S.G. Volkonsky, S.P. Trubetskoy, A.I. Odoevsky

Childhood After the death of his father (1837), a distant relative T. A. Ergolskaya, who had a huge influence on Tolstoy, was involved in raising the children: “she taught me the spiritual pleasure of love.” Childhood memories always remained the most joyful for Tolstoy: family legends, first impressions of the life of a noble estate served as rich material for his works, and were reflected in the autobiographical story “Childhood.”

Adolescence and youth Tolstoy was 13 years old, the family moved to Kazan, to the house of a relative and guardian of the children, P. I. Yushkova. For two and a half years he prepared to enter university. Deciding to become a diplomat, Tolstoy took exams for the Eastern department.

In Kazan, He successfully passed exams in history, geography, mathematics, statistics, Russian literature, logic, English, French, German, Latin, Arabic, Turkish and Tatar languages ​​and entered Kazan University at the Department of Oriental Languages ​​of the Faculty of Philosophy, then transferred to Law Faculty, where I studied for less than two years. His studies did not arouse any keen interest in him and he passionately indulged in social entertainment. In the spring of 1847, having submitted a request for dismissal from the university “due to poor health and domestic circumstances,” Tolstoy left for Yasnaya Polyana

From the diary of L.N. Tolstoy What will be the purpose of my life in the village for 2 years? - 1) Study the entire legal science course required for the final exam at the University. 2) Study practical medicine and part of the theoretical one. 3) Learn languages: French, Russian, German, English, Italian, Latin. 4) Study Agriculture, both theoretical and practical. 5) Study History, Geography and Statistics. 6) Study Mathematics, Gymnasium course. 7) Write a dissertation. 8) Achieve an average degree of perfection in music and painting. 9) Write the rules. 10) Gain some knowledge of Natural Sciences. 11) Compose essays from all the subjects that I will study. 1847

Caucasus In 1851, his elder brother Nikolai, an officer in the active army, persuaded Tolstoy to go together to the Caucasus. For almost three years, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy lived in a Cossack village on the banks of the Terek, participating in hostilities (at first voluntarily, then he was accepted into service).

Crimean Campaign In 1854, Leo Tolstoy was assigned to the Danube Army in Bucharest. Boring life at the headquarters soon forced him to transfer to the Crimean Army, to besieged Sevastopol, where he commanded a battery on the 4th bastion, showing rare personal courage (awarded the Order of St. Anne and medals). In Crimea, Tolstoy was captivated by new impressions and literary plans (he was going to publish a magazine for soldiers, among other things); here he began writing a series of “Sevastopol stories.” At this time, Tolstoy would write: “The Crimean War showed the rottenness and impotence of serf Russia.”

In the circle of writers In November 1855, after the war, L. Tolstoy came to St. Petersburg and immediately joined the Sovremennik circle, which included N.A. Nekrasov, I.S. Turgenev, A.N. Ostrovsky, I.A. Goncharov and others. L.N. Tostoy was greeted as “the great hope of Russian literature.” However, in the magazine L.N. Tolstoy did not work for long, and already in 1856 he left for Yasnaya Polyana, and then went on a trip abroad.

Opening of a school In 1859, Leo Tolstoy opened a school for peasant children in the village and helped establish more than 20 schools in the vicinity of Yasnaya Polyana. This activity fascinated Tolstoy so much that in 1860 he went abroad for the second time to get acquainted with the schools of Europe. Tolstoy outlined his own ideas in special articles, arguing that the basis of education should be “the freedom of the student” and the rejection of violence in teaching. In the early 1870s. he compiled the “ABC” and “New ABC” for teaching children to read and write.

When I enter the school and see this crowd of ragged, dirty, thin children, with their bright eyes and so often angelic expressions, I am overcome with anxiety, the horror that I would feel at the sight of drowning people... I want education for the people... to save those drowning Pushkins,... Lomonosovs. And they swarm in every school. L. Tolstoy - A. A. Tolstoy. December 1874 L.N. Tolstoy opened 26 public schools where children were educated.

About the work of Leo Tolstoy For many years, a stern and truthful voice sounded, denouncing everyone and everything; he told us almost as much about Russian life as all the rest of our literature. The historical significance of Tolstoy’s work... is the result of everything that Russian society experienced during the entire 19th century, and his books will remain for centuries as a monument to the hard work done by a GENIUS... M. Gorky

Let's summarize the lesson. Interpret the words of L.N. Tolstoy and about L.N. Tolstoy within the framework of the discoveries that were made in class. Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it L.N. Tolstoy Tolstoy is truly a great artist V. Korolenko There is no person more worthy of the name of a genius, more complex, contradictory and beautiful in everything M. Gorky Tolstoy will never grow old. He is one of those artistic geniuses whose words are living water. K. Fedin

Batsa Yana, student of grade 8-A, MAOU Secondary School No. 11, Kaliningrad

Presentation about the life of Leo Tolstoy

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Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy The work was completed by: 8th grade student “a” Batsa Yanina

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1829-1910) Count, Russian writer, corresponding member (1873), honorary academician (1900) of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Tolstoy's childhood Born on August 28, 1828 in the Krapivinsky district of the Tula province, on his mother's hereditary estate - Yasnaya Polyana. He was the fourth child. His mother died with the birth of her last daughter, when he was not yet 2 years old. A distant relative, T. A. Ergolskaya, took up the task of raising orphaned children.

Tolstoy's education His education first proceeded under the guidance of the French tutor Saint-Thomas (Mr. Jerome in Boyhood), who replaced the good-natured German Reselman, whom he portrayed in Childhood under the name Karl Ivanovich. In 1841, P.I. Yushkova took on the role of guardian of her minor nephews. Due to a conflict between his family and the teacher of Russian and general history and the history of philosophy, Professor Ivanov, at the end of the year he had poor performance in the relevant subjects and had to re-take the first-year program. To avoid repeating the course completely, he transferred to the Faculty of Law, where his problems with grades in Russian history and German continued. Leo Tolstoy spent less than two years at the Faculty of Law: “Every education imposed by others was always difficult for him, and everything he learned in life, he learned himself, suddenly, quickly, with intense work,” writes Tolstaya in her “Materials for biography of L.N. Tolstoy."

Beginning of literary activity Having dropped out of the university, Tolstoy settled in Yasnaya Polyana in the spring of 1847. In his diary, Tolstoy sets himself a huge number of goals and rules; Only a small number of them were able to follow. Among those who succeeded were serious studies in English, music, and law. In the winter of 1850-1851. started writing "Childhood". In March 1851 he wrote “The History of Yesterday.” In a remote village, Tolstoy began to write and in 1852 he sent the first part of the future trilogy: “Childhood” to the editors of Sovremennik.

The Heyday of Tolstoy's Work During the first 12 years after his marriage, he created War and Peace and Anna Karenina. At the turn of this second era of Tolstoy’s literary life stand the works conceived back in 1852 and completed in 1861-1862. “Cossacks” is the first of the works in which Tolstoy’s talent was most realized.

Tolstoy's military career Tolstoy remained in the Caucasus for two years, participating in many skirmishes with the mountaineers and being exposed to the dangers of Caucasian military life. He had rights and claims to the St. George Cross, but did not receive it. When the Crimean War broke out at the end of 1853, Tolstoy transferred to the Danube Army, participated in the battle of Oltenitsa and the siege of Silistria, and from November 1854 to the end of August 1855 he was in Sevastopol.

Tolstoy lived for a long time on the dangerous 4th bastion, commanded a battery at the Battle of Chernaya, and was present during the bombardment during the assault on Malakhov Kurgan. Despite all the horrors of the siege, Tolstoy wrote at this time the story “Cutting Wood,” which reflected Caucasian impressions, and the first of the three “Sevastopol stories” - “Sevastopol in December 1854.” He sent this story to Sovremennik. Immediately printed, the story was read with interest throughout Russia and made a stunning impression with the picture of the horrors that befell the defenders of Sevastopol. The story was noticed by Emperor Alexander 2; he ordered to take care of the gifted officer. For the defense of Sevastopol, Tolstoy was awarded the Order of St. Anna with the inscription “For Honor”

Last years of life. On the night of October 28 (November 10), 1910, L.N. Tolstoy, fulfilling his decision to live his last years in accordance with his views, secretly left Yasnaya Polyana, accompanied by his doctor D.P. Makovitsky. He began his last journey at Shchekino station. The trip had no specific purpose. On the way, Tolstoy fell ill with pneumonia and was forced to get off the train that same day at the first large station near the settlement. This station turned out to be Astapovo, where on November 7 (20) L. N. Tolstoy died in the house of the station chief I. I. Ozolin. On November 10 (23), 1910, he was buried in Yasnaya Polyana, on the edge of a ravine in the forest, where as a child he and his brother were looking for a “green stick” that held the “secret” of how to make all people happy. In January 1913, a letter from Countess Sophia Tolstoy was published, in which she confirms the news in the press that a funeral service was performed at her husband’s grave by a certain priest in her presence. But before his death, he did not express a desire to be buried, but bequeathed that he should be buried more simply and cheaply.

Grave of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!

Conversation for children 5-9 years old: “Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy”

Dvoretskaya Tatyana Nikolaevna, GBOU School No. 1499 DO No. 7, teacher
Description: The event is intended for children of senior preschool and primary school age, preschool teachers, primary school teachers and parents.
Purpose of work: The conversation will introduce children to the great Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, his work and personal contribution to children's literature.

Target: introducing children of senior preschool and primary school age to the world of book culture.
Tasks:
1. introduce children to the biography and work of the writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy;
2. introduce children of senior preschool and primary school age to literary works;3. to form emotional responsiveness to a literary work;
4. cultivate children’s interest in the book and its characters;
Attributes for games: rope, 2 baskets, fake mushrooms, hat or mask - Bear.

Preliminary work:
- Read fairy tales, stories, fables of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy
- Organize an exhibition of children's drawings based on the works they read

Introductory speech in verse

Dvoretskaya T.N.
Great soul man
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
The famous writer is talented from God.
A wise teacher with the soul of a teacher.
He was a generator of bold ideas.
He opened a school for peasant children.
Lev Nikolaevich is a great thinker.
Founder, benefactor.
Noble family, count blood.
He thought about the troubles of ordinary people.
He left behind a legacy
Knowledge has become an encyclopedia.
His works and experience are invaluable capital.
For many generations, it became the foundation.
The writer is famous, and in the 21st century
We will proudly tell you about this man!

Progress of the conversation:
Presenter: Dear guys, today we will meet an amazing person and a great writer.
(Slide No. 1)
Near the city of Tula there is a place called Yasnaya Polyana, where on September 9, 1828, the great Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born. He was the fourth child in a large noble family. His mother, Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya. His father, Count Nikolai Ilyich, traced his ancestry back to Ivan Ivanovich Tolstoy, who served as a governor under Tsar Ivan the Terrible.
(Slide No. 2)
The little writer spent his childhood in Yasnaya Polyana. Leo Tolstoy received his primary education at home, lessons were given to him by French and German teachers. He lost his parents early. Leo Tolstoy's mother died when he was one and a half years old, and his father died when the boy was nine years old. The orphaned children (three brothers and a sister) were taken in by their aunt, who lived in Kazan. She became the children's guardian. Leo Tolstoy lived in the city of Kazan for six years.
In 1844 he entered Kazan University. Classes according to the program and textbooks weighed heavily on him and after studying for 3 years, he decided to leave the institution. Leo Tolstoy left Kazan for the Caucasus, where his older brother Nikolai Nikolaevich Tolstoy served in the army with the rank of artillery officer.

Young Leo Tolstoy wanted to test himself to see if he was a brave man, and to see with his own eyes what war was. He entered the army, at first he was a cadet, then after passing the exams, he received a junior officer rank.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was a participant in the defense of the city of Sevastopol. Awarded the Order of St. Anne with the inscription “For Bravery” and medals “For the Defense of Sevastopol.
Russian people have long glorified courage, bravery and bravery.
Listen to what sayings were made in Rus':
Where there is courage, there is victory.

Don't lose courage, don't take a step back.
A soldier's job is to fight bravely and skillfully.
Anyone who has never been in battle has never experienced courage.
Now we will check how brave and courageous our boys are.
Exit to the center of the hall. The game is played: Tug of war.
Leo Tolstoy traveled abroad twice in 1850 and 1860.
(Slide No. 3)
Returning back to Yasnaya Polyana, the family estate of Leo Tolstoy opens a school for serf children. At that time, the country had serfdom - this is when all peasants obeyed and belonged to the landowner. Previously, even in the cities there were not many schools, and only children from rich and noble families studied in them. People lived in villages and they were all illiterate.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy announced that the school would be free and that there would be no corporal punishment. The fact is that in those days it was customary to punish children; they were beaten with rods (a thin twig) for bad behavior, for an incorrect answer, for not learning a lesson, for disobedience.
(Slide No. 4)
At first, the peasants shrugged their shoulders: where has it been seen that they teach for free. People doubted whether such lessons would be of any use if they did not flog a mischievous and lazy child.
In those days, peasant families had many children, 10 to 12 people each. And they all helped their parents with housework.

But they soon saw that the school in Yasnaya Polyana was not like any other.
(Slide No. 5)
“If,” wrote L.N. Tolstoy, “the lesson is too difficult, the student will lose hope of completing the task, will do something else, and will not make any effort; if the lesson is too easy, the same thing will happen. We must try to ensure that all the student’s attention can be absorbed in the given lesson. To do this, give the student such work that each lesson feels like a step forward in his learning.”
(Slide No. 6)
The following folk proverbs have been preserved and survived to this day about the power of knowledge:
From time immemorial, a book has raised a person.
It is good to teach whoever listens.
Alphabet - the wisdom of the step.
Live and learn.
The world is illuminated by the sun, and man is illuminated by knowledge.
Without patience there is no learning.
Learning to read and write is always useful.
(Slide No. 7)

At the Tolstoy school, the children learned to read, write, count, and they had lessons in history, natural science, drawing and singing. The children felt free and cheerful at school. In the classroom, little students sat down wherever they wanted: on benches, on tables, on the windowsill, on the floor. Everyone could ask the teacher about anything they wanted, talked to him, consulted with neighbors, looked into their notebooks. Lessons turned into a general interesting conversation, and sometimes into a game. There were no homework assignments.
(Slide No. 8)
During breaks and after classes, Leo Tolstoy told the children something interesting, showed them gymnastic exercises, played games with them, and ran races. In winter I went sledding down the mountains with my children, and in summer I took them to the river or to the forest to pick mushrooms and berries.

(Slide No. 9)
Come on guys, and we’ll play a game: “Mushroom Pickers”
Rules: Children are divided into 2 teams, each team has 1 basket. At the signal, children collect mushrooms.
Condition: You can only take 1 mushroom in your hands.
Music plays, children collect mushrooms and put them in their common team basket.
The music fades out, a bear comes out into the clearing (starts roaring), the mushroom pickers freeze and do not move. The bear goes around the mushroom pickers; if the mushroom picker moves, the bear eats him. (The eaten mushroom picker is placed on a chair). At the end of the game, the mushrooms in the baskets are counted. The team that has collected the most mushrooms and whose team has the most mushroom pickers left unharmed wins.
(Slide No. 10)
At that time there were few books for children. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy decides to write a book for children. The ABC was published in 1872. In this book, Lev Nikolaevich collected the best fairy tales, fables, proverbs, short stories, epics and sayings. Small instructive works make children all over the world sympathize and worry, rejoice and be sad.

(slide No. 11)
The works written by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy contain useful and wise advice, teach us to understand the world around us and the relationships between people.
(Slide No. 12)
The works of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy are a real treasure trove for children. Children are small and attentive listeners who learn love, kindness, courage, justice, resourcefulness, and honesty.
Children are strict judges in literature. It is necessary that the stories for them be written clearly, entertainingly, and morally... Simplicity is a huge and difficult to achieve virtue.
L.N. Tolstoy.
(Slide No. 13)
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was a master at inventing different games and fun for children. Here are some of them. Guys, try to guess some interesting riddles.
It walks along the sea, but when it reaches the shore, it disappears. (Wave)
There is a mountain in the yard, and water in the hut. (Snow)
He bows, bows, when he comes home he will stretch out. (Axe)
Seventy clothes, all without fasteners. (Cabbage)
Grandfather builds a bridge without an axe. (Freezing)
Two mothers have five sons. (Hands)
Twisted, tied up, dancing around the hut. (Broom)
It's made of wood, but the head is iron. (Hammer)
Every boy has a closet. (Signet)

(Slide No. 14)

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy wrote sayings for children.
Where there is a flower, there is honey.
Unknown friend, not good for services.
Help your friend as much as you can.
The bird is red with its feather, and the man with his mind.
A drop is small, but drop by drop the sea.
Don't take it by the handful, but take it in a pinch.
If you want to eat rolls, don’t sit on the stove.
Summer gathers, winter eats.
Know how to take, know how to give.
You won't learn everything at once.
Learning is light, not learning is darkness.
The end is the crown of the matter.
Presenter: Well, at the end of our event we invite you to play an outdoor game:
"Golden Gate".

Rules of the game: The two leaders join hands and build a “gate” (raise their clasped hands up). The rest of the players join hands and begin to dance in a circle, passing under the “gate”. The round dance must not be broken! You can't stop!
Everyone playing in chorus pronounces the words (chorusing)

“Golden Gate, come through, gentlemen:
Saying goodbye for the first time
The second time is prohibited
And we won’t let you through the third time!”

When the last phrase sounds, “the gate is closing” - the drivers lower their hands and catch and lock those participants in the round dance who are inside the “gate”. Those who are caught also become “gates”. When the “gate” grows to 4 people, you can divide them and make two gates, or you can leave just a giant “gate”. If there are few “masters” left in the game, it is advisable to arrive under the goal, moving like a snake. The game usually goes down to the last two uncaught players. They become new leaders, form new gates.
(Slide No. 14 and No. 15)

Thank you for your attention! See you again!