"Prisoner of the Caucasus" - an instructive story of Leo Tolstoy for children. In it, the writer showed two bright opposite images: the brave and resourceful Zhilin and the weak and cowardly Kostylin. The contrast between these people is heightened by the extreme situation of being captured.
Before captivity
Zhilin and Kostylin are two Russian officers serving in the Caucasus. Kostylin is a "heavy, fat man", so it is logical to assume that he prefers to command rather than fight. And the commander from Kostylin is useless. He persuades Zhilin to leave the soldiers and continue the journey together: "No urine, I want to eat, and it's hot." Even such inconvenience is hard for Kostylin.
All the way Kostylin thinks only about food, completely forgetting about the possible attack of the mountaineers. Even when entering the gorge, he ignores Zhilin's warning: “What to see? Let's go ahead. " This already shows a huge difference between the two officers.
Zhilin is a prudent commander. He climbs the mountain and notices the mountaineers. Together, the officers had a chance to shoot in order to retreat to the train. However, Kostylin breaks the agreement, betrays his comrade and flees.
When Zhilin realizes that it will not be possible to break out of the trap, he makes a courageous decision: "I will not give myself up alive ...". A horse is killed under a brave officer. Zhilin tries to fight back to the end, but, having piled up in a crowd, the highlanders take him prisoner.
Together again
Once captured, Zhilin does not despair. He looks at the village with interest and remembers all the details. which can come in handy when escaping.
Zhilin certainly knows about the cruelty of the highlanders, however, he behaves and talks to them very boldly: “With them, it’s worse to be shy.” Even under the threat of punishment, the officer declares that he refuses to pay three thousand rubles. Such behavior involuntarily evokes respect from enemies: "Dzhigit Urus!"
During a dispute about the amount of the ransom, Zhilin again meets with Kostylin. It turns out that the coward was also unable to hide. Unlike Zhilin, Kostylin's will was broken even before the captivity. The highlanders easily forced him to write a letter asking him to pay five thousand rubles.
The officers were specially brought together to influence the intractable Zhilin. The idea of the mountaineers failed. Zhilin still managed to reduce the ransom to 500 rubles ("If you want, kill, you will not be of any use"), and even demanded a decent amount for himself and his comrade.
Captive behavior
Kostylin completely resigned himself to fate. He places all his hopes only on the ransom, "counting the days ... or sleeping."
Zhilin hopes for his own strength. Knowing that the old mother could hardly collect even five hundred rubles, he sent the letter to the wrong address.
Zhilin's skillful hands allowed him to gain Dina's trust and even greater respect for the owner. Different things are brought to the officer from all over the area for repair. Zhilin needed the glory of the master only to distract attention. Secretly, he began to dig a tunnel in the barn, and one day, having climbed a mountain, he mapped out a way to escape.
First escape
The escape initiative belongs exclusively to Zhilin. He even had to persuade his comrade to run together. Kostylin from the very beginning became a burden for Zhilin. He constantly complained of fatigue and wounded legs. In a fit of irritation, Zhilin regretted taking "this deck with me ... I would have left alone long ago."
The negative attitude towards Kostylin softens a little when he asks Zhilin to leave him and run alone. But the officer cannot do this. Zhilin courageously puts the fat Kostylin on his shoulders.
Even with a heavy burden, Zhilin could have escaped his pursuers. The runaways gave out the cry of Kostylin.
Second escape
Failure hit both prisoners hard. Kostylin in the pit got sick and had already stopped hoping for anything. Even Zhilin did not see a way out of the situation.
The friendly relations established with Dina helped Zhilin. The girl initially fed the prisoners, and then decided to help them escape. For the second attempt, Kostylin didn’t have the strength: “It’s obvious that I can’t get out of here.”
Class: 5
Goals:
- Teach students to create an artistic image.
- To develop the ability to compare literary characters, to develop the speech activity of students, their imagination.
- To educate a literate reader.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Work on the work of Leo Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
(Annex 1 ... Slide 1)
1. Repetition of knowledge of the theory of literature
- We continue the conversation about the work of Leo Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus".
Use literary terms and don't be confused.
- "Prisoner of the Caucasus" - is it a literary tale? (No, this is a story, because this work is narrative, small in volume, united by a plot and consisting of several episodes)
- If this is a narrative work, then there is a personal narration? (The narration is impersonal, because the conversation in "Prisoner of the Caucasus" comes from the person of the narrator)
- I believe that there is no plot in the work, there are only events around. What do you think? (There is a plot in the work. The plot is a chain of events)
- Is the episode and the plot the same? (No, an episode is one event with a beginning and an end)
- What groups of characters are there in the story? (Major, minor and episodic.)
- Name the main characters. (Zhilin, Kostylin and Dina.)
- Now look at the screen if you are mistaken.
(Annex 1 ... Slide 2)
Story- a small narrative work, united by a plot and consisting of one or more episodes.
Plot Is a chain of events that take place in a work.
Episode- one event with a beginning and an end.
(Annex 1 ... Slide 3)
Narration:
- Personal - on behalf of the hero-storyteller;
- Impersonal - on behalf of the narrator.
(Annex 1 ... Slide 4)
Characters:
- main;
- minor;
- episodic.
- Do you agree with your answers? (Yes)
The marks for the answer ...
2. Work on the epigraph
- What historical event is reflected in the story? (Caucasian War)
Caucasian War 1817 - 1864 (47 years old)- this is the war of the Russian Empire with the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens, Dagestanis, Ossetians, Tatars). What kind of people are we talking about in the story? (About the Tatars).
The Caucasian War is the longest war.
War is not a fairy tale about Ivan,
And we do not gild it ...
Boris Pasternak.
- Read the epigraph.
- Why isn't war a fairy tale?
- What do you mean "we will not gild it"?
Conclusion:
War is scary, painful, cruel; these are losses, death, crippled destinies, non-healing wounds.
War is the color of ash, so we do not "gilded" it, it cannot be embellished.
- For many, war is a test of strength, endurance, humanity.
- The story depicts two officers.
- In your opinion, what qualities should an officer have? (An officer is not alien to the concepts of honor, conscience, dignity; he is a brave, courageous, brave man; he is devoted to his Fatherland).
3. Lesson topic
(Annex 1 ... Slide 4)
a) Techniques for drawing up the characteristics of heroes
(Annex 1 ... Slide 3)
Methods for compiling the characteristics of literary heroes:
- external features (portrait);
- the actions of the hero, attitude towards other people, his feelings, speech;
- characterization of the hero by other characters
b) Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin.
–
Let's compare Zhilin and Kostylin.
- Sometimes it takes years to understand a person, and we will try to learn the heroes for a lesson. This is not an easy task, but it is quite solvable.
- To compare, it means to find the common and the difference in their character.
What common?
- Officers, served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter to send a ransom, participated in the escape.
Of course, these are not character traits, but events, but they will help us figure out who a real officer and a real person are.
Difference:
Portrait
- Find the description of the heroes in the text;
- What character traits of the heroes do we learn from the description of their appearance?
Zhilin is daring, brave, courageous.
Kostylin is a physically weak person.
- Is it possible to limit ourselves to this technique only? (no, there may be a misconception about the hero).
"Speaking" surname
- The author gave Zhilin and Kostylin "speaking" surnames.
The surname Zhilin - from the word vein (blood vessels, tendons). Our hero is a wiry man. How else can you say? (Lean, strong, hardy).
The surname Kostylin is from the word crutch. What is a crutch? (A stick that serves as a support when walking lame or people with sore legs).
- What is our hero? (Weak).
The behavior of the heroes during the attack of the Tatars
–
What decision does Zhilin make? Read it. What is typical for him? (Determination, courage, the ability to resist the enemy; he is not one of a timid dozen).
- How does Kostylin behave? Read it. What do you think of him? (He violated the agreement - not to disperse; behaves like a coward and a traitor).
In captivity
1. Ransom letter
- Why did Zhilin indicate the wrong address in the letter? (He knew his mother had no money)
“Suppose he wrote a letter. Would your mother send money in spite of her poverty?
- Yes, because nothing in life is higher and stronger than mother's love.
Zhilin is able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him.
Kostylin wrote more than one letter, because he was a coward, he thought only of himself.
2. The inner state of the heroes
During his stay in captivity, Zhilin meets the Tatar girl Dina. This image is not accidental. Dina in Arabic means faith.
- What does Zhilin believe in? (in his own strength, in luck; he is strong in spirit.)
- What does Kostylin believe in? (in ransom)
3. Activities of the heroes
Zhilin:
- Handicrafts;
- Studying the area, as he thinks about the escape;
- Communicates with Dina;
- Heals the people of the aul.
- What do you think about him? (Master, clever, cunning, resourceful; a man of action).
Kostylin:
- Inactive and groans.
- Confirm what was said about the heroes with text.
4. The opinion of the Tatars about the heroes.
Zhilin won the respect of children and adults: "Korosh Urus", "Dzhigit".
Kostylin is "meek".
The escape
- Tell us about it.
- How did the heroes behave?
Zhilin shows will, courage, resourcefulness, perseverance, actively fights.
Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows selfishness, weakness.
c) Creation of an oral statement "Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin"
using the table compiled in the course of work
| Zhilin | Kostylin |
| General | |
| The officers served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter to send a ransom, participated in the escape. | |
| Difference | |
| I. Portrait | |
| Brave, hardy, courageous. | Physically weak. |
| II. "Speaking" surname | |
| Veins - blood vessels, tendons. A wiry, hardy, strong man. |
Crutch - a stick, support when walking lame or people with sore legs. Weak person. |
| III. The behavior of the heroes during the attack of the Tatars | |
| Not from a timid dozen, brave, decisive, capable of resisting the enemy. | I broke the agreement - not to disperse; behaves like a coward and a traitor). |
| IV. In captivity | |
| 1. Ransom letter Able to spare the feelings of people close to him and dear to him. |
1. Ransom letter A coward, he thinks only of himself. |
| 2. Internal state Strong in spirit, believes in luck, his own strength. |
2. Internal state Mentally weak, believes in ransom. |
| 3. Classes Master, clever, cunning, resourceful; business man . |
3. Classes Inactive, groans. |
| 4. The opinion of the Tatars about Zhilina Zhilin won the respect of children and adults: "Korosh Urus", "Dzhigit". |
4. The opinion of the Tatars about Kostylin Kostylin is "meek". |
| V. Escape | |
| Zhilin shows will, courage, resourcefulness, perseverance, actively fights. | Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows selfishness, weakness. |
d) Significance of the topic
- Do I need to learn to determine the qualities of a person's character, or can you do without it in life?
It is necessary in life to:
- to distinguish between good and evil, love and hatred, courage and cowardice;
- make the right choice of friends;
- to understand the inner world of a person.
4. Homework:
1. Oral statement "Meeting with Zhilin and Kostylin"
- Imagine that you invited Zhilin and Kostylin to the lesson as participants in the Caucasian War.
- What could they tell you about?
- What would you ask them?
Teacher: Aratova G.B., MKOU Andreevskaya secondary school
Outline of a lesson in Russian literature in grade 5 (FSES)
Topic:"Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin"
Target: Give a comparative description of the heroes
Tasks:
1. Teach students to create an artistic image.
2. To develop the ability to compare literary characters, to develop the speech activity of students, their imagination.
3. To educate a literate reader.
Technologies: problem learning technology, dialogue technology, elements of technology for the development of critical thinking
During the classes:
Organizational stage
Homework check
Homework - Make a story outline
Motivation for learning activities
1. Work on the epigraph
What historical event is reflected in the story? (Caucasian War)
(47 years old)
War is not a fairy tale about Ivan,
And we do not gild it ...
Boris Pasternak.
Read the epigraph.
Why isn't war a fairy tale?
What do you mean "we will not gild it"?
Conclusion:
War is scary, painful, cruel; these are losses, death, crippled destinies, non-healing wounds.
War is the color of ash, so we do not "gilded" it, it cannot be embellished.
For many, war is a test of strength, endurance, humanity.
What historical event is reflected in the story? (Caucasian War)
Caucasian War 1817 - 1864 (47 years old)- this is the war of the Russian Empire with the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens, Dagestanis, Ossetians, Tatars). What kind of people are we talking about in the story? (about the Tatars).
The Caucasian War is the longest war.
The story depicts two officers. In your opinion, what qualities should an officer have? (the officer is not alien to the concepts of honor, conscience, dignity; he is a brave, courageous, brave man; he is devoted to his Fatherland).
Do you think both of our heroes have these qualities? Are they different from each other?
How would you formulate the topic of our lesson? (Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin)
What is the purpose of our lesson? What should we learn in the lesson? (Learn to compare heroes, understand how two heroes differ)
4. Work on a new topic
a). Techniques for drawing up the characteristics of heroes
(portrait, actions of the hero, behavior, characterization of the hero by other characters)
Methods for compiling the characteristics of literary heroes:
External features (portrait);
The hero's actions, attitude towards other people, his feelings, speech;
Characteristics of the hero by other characters
b). Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin.
- Let's compare Zhilin and Kostylin.
Sometimes it takes years to understand a person, and we will try to learn the heroes for a lesson. This is not an easy task, but it is quite solvable.
To compare means to find common and difference in their character.
What common?
The officers served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter to send a ransom, participated in the escape.
Of course, these are not character traits, but events, but they will help us figure out who a real officer and a real person are.
Difference:
I ... Portrait
Find the description of the heroes in the text;
What character traits of the heroes do we learn from the description of their appearance?
Zhilin is daring, brave, courageous.
Kostylin is a physically weak person.
Is it possible to limit oneself to this technique only? (no, there may be a misconception about the hero).
II ... "Speaking" surname
The surname Zhilin - from the word vein (blood vessels, tendons). Our hero is a wiry man. How else can you say? (lean, strong, hardy).
The surname Kostylin is from the word crutch. What is a crutch? (a stick that serves as a support when walking lame or people with sore legs).
What is our hero? (weak).
III
- What decision does Zhilin make? Read it. What is typical for him? (decisiveness, courage, the ability to resist the enemy; he is not one of a timid dozen).
How does Kostylin behave? Read it. What do you think of him? (violated the agreement - not to disperse; behaves like a coward and a traitor).
IV ... In captivity
1. Ransom letter
Why did Zhilin indicate the wrong address in the letter? (he knew his mother had no money)
Suppose he wrote a letter. Would your mother send money in spite of her poverty? Yes, because nothing in life is higher and stronger than mother's love.
Zhilin is able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him.
Kostylin wrote more than one letter, because he was a coward, he thought only of himself.
2. The inner state of the heroes
During his stay in captivity, Zhilin meets the Tatar girl Dina. This image is not accidental. Dina in Arabic means faith.
What does Zhilin believe in? (in his own strength, in luck; he is strong in spirit.)
What does Kostylin believe in? (in ransom)
3. Hero Activities
Handicrafts;
Examines the area as he thinks about escaping;
Communicates with Dina;
Heals the people of the aul.
What can you say about him? (master, clever, cunning, resourceful; business man).
Kostylin:
Inactive and groans.
Confirm what was said about the heroes with text.
4. The opinion of the Tatars about the heroes.
Kostylin is "meek".
V ... The escape
Tell us about it.
How did the heroes behave?
5. Application of knowledge
Fill out the table "Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin"
ZhilinKostylin
General
The officers served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter to send a ransom, participated in the escape.
Difference
I ... Portrait
Brave, hardy, courageous.
Physically weak.
II ... "Speaking" surname
Veins - blood vessels, tendons.
A wiry, hardy, strong man.
Crutch - a stick, support when walking lame or people with sore legs.
Weak person.
III ... The behavior of the heroes during the attack of the Tatars
Not from a timid dozen, brave, decisive, capable of resisting the enemy.
I broke the agreement - not to disperse; behaves like a coward and a traitor).
IV ... In captivity
1. Ransom letter
Able to spare the feelings of people close to him and dear to him.
1. Ransom letter
A coward, he thinks only of himself.
2. Internal state
Strong in spirit, believes in luck, his own strength.
1. Internal state
Mentally weak, believes in ransom.
3. Classes
Master, clever, cunning, resourceful; business man .
3. Classes
Inactive, groans.
4.The opinion of the Tatars about Zhilin
Zhilin won the respect of children and adults: "Korosh Urus", "Dzhigit".
4. The opinion of the Tatars about Kostylin
Kostylin is "meek".
V ... The escape
Zhilin shows will, courage, resourcefulness, perseverance, actively fights.
Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows selfishness, weakness.
6 homework information
1. Make a syncwine in groups (group 1 - Zhilin, group 2 - Kostylin)
2. Imagine that you invited Zhilin and Kostylin to the lesson as participants in the Caucasian War. What could they tell you about? What would you ask them about?
7. Summing up the results of the lesson. Reflection
1. Significance of the topic
Do I need to learn to determine the qualities of a person's character, or can you do without it in life?
It is necessary in life to:
Distinguish between good and evil, love and hate, courage and cowardice;
Make the right choice of friends;
Understand the inner world of a person.
In the work of Leo Tolstoy, the Caucasian prisoner, to whom the author himself gave the subtitle "true", Kostylin is a minor character. His image was introduced for comparison with the main character - Zhilin.
The events described in the work take place in the summertime in the Caucasus, during the war. There is a Russian garrison in a distant fortress. It is impossible to move freely along the roads even during the day - the Tatars will either be killed or taken prisoner. Twice a week, detachments of soldiers passed between the fortresses, under whose protection other people moved. Kostylin once went with one of these detachments.
Kostylin is an officer in the Russian army. Together with Zhilin, he drove ahead of the delayed detachment. Kostylin's physique is full, he is red from the heat, and he does not want to wait for the detachment. In addition, he has a gun, and he is on horseback - in the event of a chase, he hopes to escape. When the enemies were really close - about thirty Tatars against two officers - he rushed to his heels, not even thinking to help his comrade in trouble, Zhilin.
The Tatars captured Zhilin, but at first he hoped that at least Kostylin was saved. They met already in captivity. It turned out that the horse stopped at Kostylin, and the gun misfired. So he was taken prisoner - barefoot and tattered. He did not argue with the Tatars, like Zhilin, but immediately wrote a letter home to send a ransom - five thousand rubles. Kostylin was completely discouraged, but Zhilin did not shy away, he managed to insist that they be fed with a friend, they gave them clothes, kept them together (at least it was more fun), and took the blocks off their feet for the night.
In captivity, Kostylin only counted the days - he waited for him to be released, and slept. And Zhilin did not mess around, he established himself as a jack of all trades, and even a doctor. He was allowed to walk around the aul, and he tried to scout the way home, preparing to escape. When he found out where to run, Kostylin refused: they say, we don't know the road, and we won't get there overnight. But still Zhilin persuaded him - they fled at night. Kostylin quickly began to lag behind, kept walking and groaning, and then completely exhausted. Only Zhilin did not abandon him - he could not leave his comrade in trouble, although he would have gone to his own people long ago: he dragged the fat man Kostylin on himself. The Tatars noticed them, caught them, hammered them into the stocks and threw them into the pit.
Zhilin managed to persuade the owner's daughter Dina to help him escape, and with great difficulty got to his own. But Kostylin did not go with him, he lost heart - only a month later he was redeemed for five thousand, and they brought him barely alive.
From the very beginning, Kostylin showed himself to be an arrogant coward and a cowardly person. He threw a comrade in trouble without even trying to help him. Once captured, he readily wrote home with a request to send a ransom, although his comrade, feeling sorry for his poor mother, did not expect a ransom in advance. A large, strong man, Kostylin let down his companion during the escape, could not overpower himself and, in essence, showed himself and his comrade to the Tatars. He refused a second escape, even realizing that there was almost no chance of surviving in captivity.
The author treats Kostylin with disapproval, clearly emphasizing the weakness of his spirit. The meaning of this character emphasizes the courage, ingenuity, strength of mind of the main character - Zhilin. Indeed, in fact, there were two "Caucasian captives", but one overcame difficulties and fled, and the second voluntarily remained in captivity.
The composition of Kostylin in the work of the Prisoner of the Caucasus
Kostylin is one of the two main characters in Leo Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus". He is an officer who, together with his new comrade Zhilin, was captured by the Tatars. Kostylin is opposite to him, both in character and in appearance. Outwardly, this is a large, awkward, tall, fat and clumsy man. He is in poor health.
Once Kostylin was given a vacation. He drove home. On the way, he met Zhilin, who was also going to rest. Due to the fact that the roads are not safe, it was decided to go together. Suddenly they were attacked by the Tatars. They wanted to take them prisoner, and then demand a rather large ransom. Zhilin told Kostylin to shoot. He turned out to be a coward. Kostylin betrayed his new comrade and fled. This he certainly did not succeed, the Tatars had horses. Zhilin was tied up, Kostylin was caught up and also neutralized. Both were thrown into the aul.
While Kostylin and Zhilin were in captivity, the traitor did not want to show himself from a good side. The Tatars ordered the prisoners to write a ransom letter. Kostylin immediately gave up and wrote a letter. He said that his family was rich, they would find five thousand. Zhilin said that they should be fed and only after that he would write a letter. He indicated the address is incorrect, so as not to get it. He came up with an escape plan. Fortunately, the escape was a success. Kostylin decided to run with him. But, unfortunately, here he also did not show his courage and willpower. He kept repeating that his legs hurt badly, his shoes were rubbing heavily. As a result, Zhilin had to carry it on himself, as a result of which the Tatar noticed them and returned them to the aul. Kostylin was a pessimist, as he did not believe that it was possible to escape.
By the actions of this character, you can understand that he is a very unreliable person. Kostylin does not know how to endure, he has no willpower. He's also a coward. Kostylin was not used to difficulties due to the fact that he was too pampered gentleman. He does not know how to make important decisions on his own. His surname (Kostylin) comes from the word "crutch". That is, support for people with leg problems. Apparently the author is hinting in this way either that the officer also has problems with his legs, or that he should be a support for a person, that he can be relied on. But unfortunately the first option will be suitable for this character.
The second time the cowardly officer did not want to run. He preferred to sit quietly and wait for the ransom. Zhilin managed to escape, and a ransom came for Kostylyn a month later. They took him away barely alive. He was very worn out.
Option 3
Kostylin is an officer of the Soviet Union and a friend of Zhilin. He served for the good of the people for a long time and went on vacation before the start of the Caucasian battle. Having decided to rest in the resort, Kostylin hit the road. On the way, he met Zhilin, and they decided to go together. Kostylin was the complete opposite of his new friend Kostylin. Outwardly, the officer was a large and awkward tall man. At the same time, he was not distinguished by thinness and had poor health.
On the way, the Tatars attacked Zhilin and Kostylin. Kostylin was cowardly and could not shoot the Tatars. Due to cowardice, Zhilin was the first to be captured. Kostilin did not manage to escape far, and he was captured along with his comrade. Once captured, the officer also showed his cowardice. He did everything that the Tatars told him. On their orders, he wrote a letter to his relatives asking them to pay a ransom of 5,000 gold coins for him. At the same time, he gave out all the savings and property of the family. And Zhilin demanded that they be fed and after that he wrote a letter. To confuse enemies, he indicated the wrong address of relatives.
While in captivity, the officer was looking forward to being released. All his free time he did nothing but sleep. And Zhilin showed his best qualities and became a master, at the same time a doctor in the camp. He was allowed to walk freely around the camp. He entered the records and looked for an escape route. After a long search, he found a way to escape. And Kostilin came up with several reasons not to run away, and completely refused to leave the camp.
They managed to escape. Here Kostylin showed himself not from the best side. To escape further they had to constantly walk. And Kostylin was a pessimist and constantly complained that his legs hurt. With a pessimistic attitude, he insisted that his shoes were blistering. To save comrade Zhilin dragged him on himself. So the Tatar noticed them, and they returned to the camp.
Kostylin's actions describe him as an unreliable person who cannot be relied on. The officer had no willpower, he could not endure difficulties. At the same time, he was a very cowardly person. He was born into a wealthy family. Kostylin was always taken care of, and he was not used to experiencing difficulties. He never took responsibility for his life. However, he was afraid to make important decisions on his own behalf.
Calling him Kostylin, the author wanted the hero to become a support for the common people and be able to help everyone. After tightening the measures, Kostylin refused to flee and remained in the camp. And Zhilin was able to make friends with the owner's daughter, who helped him escape. And Kostylin stayed in the camp for another month. A month later, his relatives paid a ransom for him and brought the officer home in poor condition.
Several interesting compositions
- Venetsianov A.G.
From an early age he showed love for drawing. At first he studied on his own, without mentors. He showed a special craving for portrait painting.
Zhilin and Kostylin are the heroes of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" by L.N. Tolstoy. They are both Russian officers. They take part in the war for the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia. Zhilin received a letter from his mother, who asks to come to her before her death, to say goodbye. The loving son set off on the road almost without thinking. However, it was impossible to go alone. We could have caught and killed the Tatars. We rode in a group, but very slowly. Zhilin and Kostylin decided to go forward alone. Zhilin was careful and prudent. After making sure that Kostylin had a loaded gun and a saber in his scabbard, he decided to climb the mountain and see if the Tatars were coming. As soon as he climbed on a horse to the top, he saw those whom he did not want to see. Not far from him were the Tatars, who noticed the officer. Zhilin was brave and, thinking that if he reached the gun (it was Kostylin's), they would be saved, shouted to Kostylin. But the cowardly officer was afraid for his life and ran away. by doing a vile deed. Both officers were taken prisoner, where they met. The chief of the Tatars said that a ransom must be paid in order to release them. (5000 rubles). Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home to send the money. And Zhilin said. that if they killed him, they would not get anything at all, ordered him to wait. He sent a letter to another address. He felt sorry for his seriously ill mother, but they didn’t have such money. More of Zhilin's relatives had no one. He thought. In captivity, Zhilin dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for the girl Dina. The girl in return brought him cakes and milk. Lazy Kostylin did nothing all day, and slept at night. And then the day came. when everything was ready to escape, they fled with Kostylin. They rubbed their legs against the stones and had to carry the weak Kostylin, so they were caught and put in a big pit, but Dina brought a stick and helped Zhilin escape. This time Kostylin was afraid to run away. Zhilin managed to reach his friends. Kostylin was redeemed for 5,000 rubles only a month later. As a result, in Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Zhilin shows courage and bravery, and Kostylin - laziness, cowardice and weakness.
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