Relation degree. Family tree

It is worth considering that the concept of family ties can be regarded not only as a social category; this definition plays a significant role in the legal aspect. The fact is that, based on family and civil legislation, a whole list of powers and obligations arises precisely from family ties. Most often, the range of relationships between certain individuals is established depending on the degree of relationship that occurs.

The definition of kinship refers to the fact of the existence of family relationships or blood relationships. Family relationships are considered to be the relationship between persons, which is generated by the origin of one person from others, or two or more people from the same ancestor.

Depending on the level, kinship can be distant or close, and depending on the existence of kinship ties, it can be direct or indirect.

Expert commentary

Leonov Victor

Ask a question to an expert

This means that in a situation where people act in relation to each other as relatives, there is no need to talk about the fact of the emergence of mutual powers and obligations until the relationship is fixed in the prescribed manner. Thus, the rights of parents, as well as their obligations towards children, arise from maternity or paternity, and in the case of registration of inheritance, attention is paid to the degree of relationship with the person acting as the testator (order of inheritance).

In what cases is it said that there is a family connection?

We can talk about kinship in 3 main situations:

1. The basis in this case is descent - if one person descended from another, then he is his relative.
2. Common family roots - this is possible if two or more people have a common ancestor.
3. There is acquired kinship - present in situations where people become relatives by entering into legal marriage.

In the first two cases, the relationship is confirmed by genetic research, in the last situation - by documentary evidence.

There are 6 main degrees (levels) of consanguinity:

• the first one includes parents and children;
• the second - supports grandchildren - grandparents;
• the third - includes aunts and uncles with nephews and nieces, great-grandchildren (great-granddaughters) with great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers;
• fourth - we are talking about cousins ​​and brothers, great-aunts and grandfathers and great-nieces and nephews;
• fifth - includes great aunts and uncles and nieces and nephews;
• sixth - implies second cousins.

The above relatives are considered close, but the further the degree of relationship, the fewer blood ties between individuals.

Based on the level of family ties, there are two lines: direct and lateral. The straight line can be ascending or descending. A characteristic distinguishing feature of the lateral line is that in this case several people descend from common ancestors. In the case of a direct line, the connection between relatives is obvious, for example, a son and a father.

Expert commentary

Gorbunova Olga

Ask a question to an expert

Determining the degree of relationship plays a special role in inheritance legal relations when conflict situations arise regarding who has a priority right to inherited property.

First degree of relationship: characteristic features

If you follow the provisions of the current legislation, the degree of relationship can be determined by the number of births by which relatives are separated from each other. Accordingly, the first degree of family ties includes the closest relatives, between whom there is a direct consanguineous relationship. This degree includes parents and children.

In certain situations, persons who are not related to each other by blood ties may receive the status given to relatives classified as the first degree of kinship. This may occur in the case of the adoption of a child, when there are no blood ties with the adoptive parents, but has the full range of rights and responsibilities, on an equal basis with natural children.

What is meant by close and distant kinship?

There are two types of kinship relationships:

• the first is represented by close kinship;
• the second - distant relationship.

In various codified acts one can find different definitions of these concepts:

1. The Housing Code treats parents (mother and father), children (son, daughter) and the spouse of the owner of the residential premises as immediate relatives. The legislator also classifies as relatives those who live with the owners together in the same living space.
2. Family Code - includes among relatives those persons who are included in one ascending and descending line of kinship: grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, siblings and half-brothers and sisters.

In what cases is it necessary to establish kinship in court?

Establishing the existence of family ties is often required in the following situations:

• in order to determine biological parents (as a rule, in this situation they go to court with a claim to establish paternity);
• to obtain permission to travel abroad if there are relatives there;
• for the purpose of determining ;
• to assign a survivor's pension.

It is possible to establish the existence of family ties in the following ways:

1. Conducting DNA analysis based on the provided genetic material.
2. Based on documentary evidence and testimony.

What is the importance of establishing kinship in inheritance?

Depending on the degree of relationship is determined. This provision is established by the norms of civil legislation. But here consanguinity is not always of decisive importance: on equal rights with blood relatives (children and parents), relatives who were acquired as a result of marriage (the surviving spouse) are also called upon to inherit.

What documents are important for establishing family ties?

These documents include:

• family tree diagram;
• letters from relatives;
• copies of payment documents;
• certificates of birth, death, marriage, divorce.

These documents (or some of them) are provided by interested parties in order to prove the existence of family ties in the prescribed manner.

How is it possible to establish kinship?

Establishing the existence of family ties is possible only through the court. To do this, the interested person submits a statement of claim in the prescribed form and attaches all the necessary evidence to it.

My mother has a second cousin. He has a wife, but his wife has a sister. Who is she, sister, to me?
Come on

Hello, Anastasia! Despite the fact that family relationships are often very confusing, and understanding them, as they say “without a bottle,” is sometimes quite difficult, in your case, I think that the sister of your wife, your mother’s cousin, is not related to you. Because not only is she not your blood relative, but in general she is “the seventh water on jelly.” For example, your mother’s wife, her cousin, is probably, oddly enough, a “bro.” But no name has been invented for the “bro’s” sister. Perhaps, as a last resort, it would be appropriate to call such a distant relative “brother.” In general, a cousin or distant relative is called a brother. Or, I think, you can call such a relative an in-law. A relative is a person who is related to someone. Property is a relationship of closeness between people that arises not through kinship, but from a marriage union (the relationship between a spouse and the blood relatives of the other spouse, as well as between relatives of spouses).

If you want to understand family ties, I suggest you familiarize yourself with the following terms. Some of them are widely used in our modern life, while others are completely forgotten or are irrelevant for us now.

The husband's parents for the young wife are father-in-law and mother-in-law. The son's wife is his daughter-in-law, and she is also her daughter-in-law.

A woman will be a daughter-in-law in relation to her husband’s parents (father-in-law and mother-in-law), and her husband’s brother (brother-in-law) and his wife, and her husband’s sister (sister-in-law) and her husband. In addition, all relatives consider the wife of her brother-in-law to be a daughter-in-law. The wives of siblings are also daughters-in-law to each other.

sister-in-law - wife's full sister.

brother-in-law is her husband.

brothers-in-law are those men whose wives are sisters to each other.

Sister-in-law is the husband's sister.

A son-in-law is a daughter’s husband for the wife’s parents (father-in-law and mother-in-law), for her sister (sister-in-law), for her brother (brother-in-law) and for the latter’s wife. The wife's parents for the husband are father-in-law and mother-in-law.

If parents have children in previous or subsequent marriages, they are considered half-siblings. The mother's husband, but not the father of her child, is the stepfather. The father's wife, but not the child's own mother - the stepmother. The step-son of a husband or wife during the next marriage of his parent (parent) is a stepson, and a step-daughter is a stepdaughter.

When adopted, a child was called an adopted child. The new parents—the named mother and the named father—considered the girl to be the named daughter and the boy to be the named son.

The imprisoned mother and father became close, but not relatives - people who were invited to the wedding to replace the natural mother and father of the bride and groom.

And after a newborn appeared in the family, he might need a mother, a nurse, a milk mother. To feed her meant almost becoming related to the baby.

Godbrother is the son of the godfather.

Brother of the cross, brother of the cross, brother named - persons who exchanged pectoral crosses.

Bro, bro, bro, bro, bro - cousin.

Bratanich is a brother's nephew.

Bro - cousin's wife.

Bratanna is her brother’s daughter, brother’s niece.

Brother - a cousin or distant relative.

Bratova - brother's wife.

Bratych is a brother's son, brother's nephew.

A great aunt is a grandparent's sister (great aunt).

A great uncle is a brother of a grandfather or grandmother.

Branch - line of kinship.

A great-great-niece is the granddaughter of a first cousin.

Great-niece - granddaughter of a brother or sister (second cousin).

Grand-grandchild, great-grandson - being a relative in the third generation, second cousin.

Great-siblings are second cousins.

A great-great-nephew is the grandson of a first cousin.

A great-nephew is a grandson of a brother or sister.

Great-great-second cousin - grandson of a second cousin (second cousin).

Granddaughter, grandson - the daughter of a son or daughter, nephew or niece. A great-aunt is the sister of a grandmother or grandfather.

Great-great-grandmother is the sister of a great-grandmother or great-grandfather. A great-great-great-grandmother is the sister of a great-great-grandmother or great-great-grandfather.

A great niece is the daughter of a first cousin.

Cousin - daughter of an uncle or aunt.

A great aunt is a cousin of one's father or mother.

A great-uncle is a brother of a grandfather or grandmother.

A great uncle is a cousin of one's father or mother.

A first cousin is the son of a first cousin.

A great-great-grandfather is the brother of a great-grandfather or great-grandmother.

A great-great-great-grandfather is the brother of a great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother.

Brother-in-law is the husband's brother.

The godfather is the father of the godfather.

Dedina, grandfather - uncle's aunt.

Dedich is the direct heir of his grandfather.

The named daughter is an adopted child, a pupil.

Dsherich is his aunt's nephew.

Daughter's aunt's niece.

Half-blooded children (consanguineous) - children born from the same father (consanguineous father), but different mothers).

Single-uterine children (one-uterine) are children born by the same mother, but from different fathers.

Half-uterine - born of the same mother, but from a different father.

Zhenima, zhenishchka - unmarried fourth wife.

Sister-in-law, sister-in-law, sister-in-law - the husband’s sister, sometimes the brother’s wife.

Son-in-law is the husband of a daughter, sister.

Godfather is the godfather in relation to the godson's parents and the godmother.

Kuma is the godmother in relation to the godson's parents and to the godfather.

Little aunt - sister of father or mother (cousin).

Little uncle - brother of father or mother.

The named mother is the mother of the adopted child, the pupil.

Dairy mother - mother, nurse.

The planted mother is a woman who replaces the groom’s own mother at the wedding.

Stepmother is a stepmother, another wife of the father in relation to his children from a previous marriage.

A milk sister is a child (woman) nursed by someone else’s mother in relation to her children.

A foster brother is a child (male) raised by someone else's mother in relation to her children.

Daughter-in-law is the wife of a brother or the wife of a son, as well as the wife of one brother in relation to the wife of another brother.

Illegitimate - born from parents who are not in a church marriage.

Homogeneous (consanguineous) - descended from the same father.

Monotuterine (one-uterine) - originating from the same mother.

The named father is the father of the adopted child, the pupil.

The father is sociable, planted, dressed up - a man who replaces the groom's own father at the wedding.

Stepfather is a stepfather, another husband of the mother in relation to her children from a previous marriage.

The father is the eldest in the generation.

Fatherlander, stepfather - son, heir.

A stepdaughter is the stepdaughter of one of the spouses.

Nephew - relative, relative, fellow countryman.

Side (son, daughter) - a son or daughter who does not come from a legal marriage.

Generation - relatives of the same degree of kinship in relation to a common ancestor.

Fullbred - descended from the same parents.

Descendant is a person who comes by birth from some kind of family, a person in relation to his ancestors.

A great-great-great niece is the great-granddaughter of a first cousin.

A great-great-niece is the great-granddaughter of a brother or sister.

A great-great-great-great-second cousin is the great-granddaughter of a second cousin.

A great-great-great-great-nephew is the great-grandson of a first cousin.

A great-great-nephew is the great-grandson of a brother or sister.

A great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson of a second cousin.

A great-great-great-great-great niece is the great-great-great-granddaughter of a first cousin.

A great-great-great-niece is the great-great-great-granddaughter of a brother or sister.

A great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandniece

A great-great-great cousin is the great-great-grandson of a first cousin.

A great-great-great-nephew is a great-great-great-grandson of a brother or sister.

A great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson of a second cousin.

Progenitors are the first known pedigree couple from which the family originates.

Grandfather - parent of great-great-grandfather, great-great-grandmother.

An ancestor is an ancient predecessor in the family, as well as a compatriot from previous generations.

Married - descended from the same parents, but born before marriage, and then recognized in it.

Adopted daughter is an adopted child of someone else, a girl.

Adopted son is an adopted child of someone else, a boy.

Fifth cousin - a relative in the fifth generation (by great-great-grandfather).

Matchmaker (m.), matchmaker (f.) - the parent of one of the spouses in relation to the parents of the other spouse.

Father-in-law is the father of the husband.

Mother-in-law is the husband's mother.

Step-brothers are brothers and sisters descended from different parents.

Stepchildren are children who are brothers or sisters of their stepfather or stepmother.

Brother-in-law is the husband of a sister-in-law (wife's sister).

Brothers-in-law are persons married to two sisters.

Sister-in-law is the wife's sister.

Seventh cousin - being a relative in the seventh generation (by great-great-great-great-great-grandfather).

Family is a group of relatives living together.

Sister is the daughter of the same parents or one of them in relation to their other children.

Sister, sister, sister, sister - cousin.

Sister - cousin, daughter of mother's or father's sister.

Sister, sister, sister (Old Russian) - son of mother's sister (nephew by sister).

An orphan is a child or minor who has lost one or both parents.

A daughter-in-law is a son’s wife in relation to his parents, a daughter-in-law.

The wife of a brother-in-law, the wife of two brothers in relation to each other.

Spouse - husband.

Spouse - wife.

A son is a man, a boy in relation to his parents.

Godson (godson) is a male person in relation to the recipient.

The named son is an adopted son, a pupil.

Father-in-law is the wife's father.

Aunt, aunt - the sister of the father or mother, as well as the wife of the uncle.

Mother-in-law is the mother of the wife.

A second cousin is a cousin of a grandfather or grandmother.

A second cousin is the daughter of a second cousin.

A second great-grandmother is a cousin of a great-grandfather or great-grandmother.

A second great-great-grandmother is a cousin of a great-great-grandfather or great-grandmother.

Second cousin - daughter of a great uncle (aunt).

A second cousin is a second cousin of a father or mother.

Second cousin - who is a relative in the third generation (by great-grandfather) (see grandson).

Second cousin - the son of a great uncle (aunt).

A second cousin is a cousin of a grandfather or grandmother.

A second cousin is a second cousin of one's father or mother.

A second cousin is the son of a second cousin.

A second cousin is a cousin of a great-grandfather or great-grandmother.

A second cousin is a cousin of a great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother.

Adopted is a female person in relation to her adoptive parents.

An adoptee is a male person in relation to his adoptive parents.

Last name is the same as clan, family.

A fourth cousin is a second cousin of a grandfather or grandmother.

A fourth cousin is the daughter of a fourth cousin.

Fourth great-grandmother is the second cousin of a great-grandfather or great-grandmother.

Fourth great-great-grandmother is the second cousin of a great-great-grandfather or great-grandmother.

A fourth cousin is the daughter of a second cousin (aunt).

A fourth cousin is a fourth cousin of a father or mother.

Fourth cousin - a relative in the fourth generation through his great-grandfather.

A fourth cousin is the son of a second cousin (aunt).

A fourth cousin is a second cousin of a grandfather or grandmother.

A fourth cousin is a fourth cousin of one's father or mother.

A fourth cousin is the son of a fourth cousin.

A fourth cousin is a second cousin of a great-grandfather or great-grandmother.

A fourth great-great-grandfather is a second cousin of a great-great-grandfather.

Sixth cousin - a relative in the sixth generation (by great-great-great-great-grandfather).

Brother-in-law - wife's brother.

Shurich is the son of his brother-in-law (wife's brother).

Yatrov (yatrovka) - wife of brother-in-law (husband’s brother)

But I believe that in relations between relatives, whether they are blood, step-relatives, or those who became so after the wedding of close people, names are completely unimportant. The main thing is to always try to treat each other with respect, and as they say in the old Russian folk tale - “even if you call it a pot, just don’t put it in the oven”!

Additionally

Man is a social being: interpersonal connections and the unification of people into various types of groups speak about this. People get married, give birth to children, and enter into special relationships called kinship. There are blood and social types of kinship. Family ties can be close or distant. The distance between relatives determines the degree of relationship. Who is who and who is related to whom? How to build a family tree and understand the intricacies of family relationships? You will find answers to these and other questions in our article.

Who are blood relatives?

Consanguinity is otherwise called biological or natural. There are several options:

• Direct kinship is established between relatives descended from each other, this is a parent and a child, for example, a mother and daughter.
• If several people are united by a common ancestor, then such a relationship is recognized as lateral.
• Two common parents are a sign of a full-blooded relationship, that is, this is a family relationship between the children of one married couple.
• A person who has the same parent in common with you can be considered a half-blood relative. Unfortunately, sometimes families break up, but after a divorce, people can remarry, and new children may appear. For example, if you have a common mother, and her daughter will be your half-sister, and her son will be your half-brother.

Types of social kinship

When a man and woman get married, they create a new family. By registering their relationship, they bind themselves by marriage. If children are born to them, blood ties are established with them, but they remain socially related to each other. The relatives of the spouses have the same relationships among themselves: mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, daughter-in-law - all these are relatives of a social nature.

Another type of social kinship is adoption.

In Christian families, religious ties between godparents, godmothers and godchildren are also considered social kinship.

Relatives near and far

Why are some relatives considered close and others distant? What connections unite people in a family? In order to determine the distance between members of the same family, there is such a thing as the degree of relationship. This situation is difficult to explain with any scientific definition and is much easier to explain in a specific situation. In simple terms, this is the connection of one person with another through birth. The more births between these individuals, the greater the degree of relationship. Here are some examples:

• A woman and the boy born to her are connected by one birth, which means that mother and son are a primary connection.
• Grandmother and granddaughter are connected by two births, therefore, there is a second degree of relationship between them.

Related lines

People born from each other in a series of successive degrees are usually called a family line. If you draw a family tree, then the faces will go one after another, in a chain. For example, son, father, grandfather, great-grandfather will make up four degrees of the paternal line, and it will be ascending; in descending, the same relatives will be designated as father, son, grandson, great-grandson. In addition, the child also has a maternal branch, which will be drawn in a similar way.

How to find out related degree?

This is easy to do, you just need to count how many births separate you from the selected family member. By being born from a father and mother, you get two people who are related to you in the first degree, a brother or sister will become the second degree, and an aunt or uncle will become the third.

Proof of relationship upon allocation

A person can draw up a will, according to which the inheritance is transferred according to his will, and not only immediate relatives can be heirs. Such a will can be challenged, but to do this you need to have evidence of the degree of relationship with the testator. If you happen to be one of the heirs, then you should know that the order of inheritance is determined by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

By bequeathing property to direct heirs - children, you can be sure that they will not have problems with its registration. If the will is made in favor of a person who is not a relative, then blood ties do not need to be confirmed. A certificate confirming the right of inheritance is issued in this case without determining the degree of relationship.

Situations often arise when it is necessary to confirm blood relationship. According to the law, children are the primary heirs. Sometimes it turns out that the deceased has illegitimate children who also have priority inheritance rights. Evidence can be either documents, such as a birth certificate, or oral testimony. The notary checks documents on kinship and identifies the heir. In cases where there are no documents confirming the degree of relationship, children may be included in the certificate of inheritance with the consent of other persons who have such evidence.

It is much more difficult to prove the relationship of subsequent degrees. You can confirm that you are the brother or sister of the deceased on the basis of issued birth certificates, which indicate the first name, last name and patronymic of your common parents. Other relatives also have to seek confirmation in the registry office archives, making written requests, and collect testimony from common relatives.

Who's Who: Kinship Terminology

What do people become to each other when they acquire family ties? Let's try to figure it out, starting with the simplest. Who are the blood relatives?

When a man has children, he becomes their father, and a woman in this case acquires the status of a mother. Both of them can be called by the general term - parents. A male child born is a son for them, a girl is a daughter, both of them are children. A boy in relation to other children of his father and mother is called a brother, a girl in a similar case is called a sister. The parents of the father and mother are grandparents, and the children of the son or daughter are the grandson or granddaughter. To further generations the prefix “great-” is added, and relatives are called great-grandparents, great-grandmothers, great-grandchildren and great-granddaughters.

These connections are simple and understandable to every person. The situation is more complicated with blood relatives not in a direct line. Children of sisters and brothers are cousins ​​in relation to each other, children of cousins ​​are second cousins, and so on. Your mother's or father's brother will be your uncle, and your sister will be your aunt.

New family - new relatives

Even more confusion arises in relationships through marriage. By creating a family, a man and a woman become spouses, being husband and wife to each other. The husband's father and mother are called father-in-law and mother-in-law, and the wife's parents are called father-in-law and mother-in-law. In relation to the parents of the spouses, the married couple are called son-in-law and daughter-in-law (daughter-in-law). The parents of the husband and wife are each other's matchmakers.

In the person of her husband's brother and sister, a woman acquires a brother-in-law and sister-in-law, and the wife's brother and sister become a brother-in-law and sister-in-law for a man.

Tree of Life: From Branches to Roots

A family tree is a diagrammatic representation of a family tree. For whom is it compiled? Firstly, a person does this for himself, studying the history of his family, his relatives, living and long gone. Such a scheme will be interesting to children, as they will be able to understand who they came from and learn more about the generations of their ancestors.

How to make a pedigree chart?

First you need to collect as much information as possible about relatives and your family. It happens that people do not know who their grandfathers and great-grandfathers were. This situation arises when a newly created family arises far from the places where the ancestors lived. You can ask your parents or other older family members for this information. With the information you need, you can begin to create your family tree.

First of all, indicate your name. It is better to position it so that there is room for everyone else around it. It will be most convenient to occupy the top of the sheet approximately in the middle. If you have children and grandchildren, step back a little at the top, leaving room for them. By depicting relatives on the diagram, you will sink lower and lower to your roots - your ancestors. You can place your name at the bottom of the sheet, then the branches will diverge upward.

The second step is to locate the parents with whom you are first degree related in the family tree. Write their names above or below your cell, and connect them to yourself by drawing arrows or lines to them. These are your closest relatives. If you have more than two parents, enter them all. Your stepmother or stepfather will be reflected on the same level as your blood father and mother.

After this, place your blood and half-brothers and sisters next to you, on the same level as your name, also linking them to your parents. If they have wives, husbands or children, you can include them too. Spouses' names are placed next to each other, and children's names are placed above or below, depending on the direction you choose. Connect them with lines.

At the next level, indicate the parents of your father and mother, that is, your grandparents. From them, arrows will return to the previous level, leading to the names of the brothers or sisters of your mother or father, who are your aunts and uncles and are on the same level as your parents. Their wives and husbands will be listed next to them, and their children will be on the same level as you, since these are your cousins.

Continue filling out the tree, sequentially including relatives you know, until you have placed everyone.

Advantages of computer family tree

In our mobile age, filled with computers, it is not at all necessary to draw a family tree with pen and paper; you can entrust this to special programs for creating a family tree. There are many similar products, some of them are distributed completely free of charge.

Such a program is capable of attaching not only photos, but also video and audio recordings; it can search the Internet for matches by places, dates, events - your family tree may have data in common with other people’s patterns. A profile is added to each family member, where you can enter anything - from a description of appearance, contact information and documents to interesting facts from the biography. The programs are easy to use and understandable even for inexperienced users. In addition, they are equipped with prompts that help you fill out information correctly and enter data.

The pedigree can be displayed in the program as a table, in which the degree of relationship is reflected verbally, or as a diagram, where the connections are expressed graphically.

Almost all programs have a print option. It is needed in order to transfer your creation from an electronic version to a paper version. Some programs offer several design templates to choose from. By choosing one of them, you can make your family tree not only informative, but also visually attractive.

Among such programs, the most popular are products from foreign developers such as GenoPro, GRAMPS, RootsMagic, SimTree, Family Tree Builder. There is also a Russian analogue - the “Tree of Life” program.

This page examines the most common family relationships: who is who's uncle and aunt, niece, brother-in-law and daughter-in-law. The connection between relatives is the basis not only for building interpersonal relationships. Connections between relatives form the basis of family and inheritance law and determine many aspects of the life of a modern person. Further on the page you can learn about what family ties are called and what kind of relationship people have with each other.

Husband- a man in relation to the woman with whom he is married.

Wife- a woman in relation to the man she is married to.

Father-in-law- husband's father.

Mother in law- husband's mother.

Father-in-law- wife's father.

mother-in-law- wife's mother.

brother-in-law- Brother husband.

Brother-in-law- brother-in-law.

Sister-in-law- husband's sister.

sister-in-law- wife's sister.

Brother-in-law- sister-in-law's husband.

Son-in-law- daughter's husband, sister's husband, sister-in-law's husband.

Daughter-in-law- the son's wife in relation to the father.

Daughter-in-law- a brother’s wife, a son’s wife for his mother, one brother’s wife in relation to another brother’s wife; also used instead of “daughter-in-law”, “sister-in-law”, “sister-in-law”.

Matchmaker- the father of one of the spouses in relation to the parents of the other.

Matchmaking- the mother of one of the spouses in relation to the parents of the other.

Grandfather (grandfather)- father's father or mother's father.

Grandmother (grandmother)- mother's or father's mother.

great uncle- uncle of father or mother.

Great-aunt- father's or mother's aunt.

Grandson, granddaughter)- son (daughter) of a daughter or son in relation to a grandfather or grandmother. Accordingly, a cousin’s grandson (granddaughter) is the son (daughter) of a nephew or niece.

Nephew niece)- son (daughter) of a brother or sister (siblings, cousins, second cousins). Accordingly, the child of a cousin (sister) is a cousin nephew, and a child of a second cousin (sister) is a second cousin.

Great-nephew (niece)- grandson (granddaughter) of a brother or sister.

Uncle (uncle, uncle)- brother of father or mother, husband of aunt.

Auntie (auntie, auntie)- sister of father or mother in relation to nephews. An uncle's wife in relation to his nephews.

Fraternal (brother, sister)- having a common mother. Half-blooded (brother, sister) - having the same father, but different mothers. Step (brother, sister) - being a brother (sister) by stepfather or stepmother.

Cousin- related by grandfather or grandmother to the children of their sons and daughters.

Second cousin- son of a great uncle or great aunt.

Cousin- daughter of a native uncle or native aunt.

Second cousin- daughter of a great uncle or great aunt.

Godfather, godfather- godfather and mother in relation to the godson's parents and to each other.

Stepmother- the father’s wife in relation to his children from another marriage, step-mother.

Stepfather- the mother’s husband in relation to her children from another marriage, stepfather.

Stepson- a step-son of one of the spouses who is related to the other spouse.

Stepdaughter- a step-daughter of one of the spouses who becomes the natural daughter of the other spouse.

Adoptive father (mother)- adopted, adopted someone.

Adopted son (daughter)- adopted, adopted by someone.

Adoptive son-in-law (primak)- a son-in-law adopted into the wife's family, living in the wife's house.

The situation when many people related to each other lived in one house or in a neighborhood was standard until recently. But there may be times in life when it is necessary to have information about who blood relatives are, what the degree of relationship is and how to determine it.

Kinship is a biological connection between people, based on their descent from a common ancestor or arising as a result of marriage.

Degree of relationship - the number of births that separates people (relatives by blood).

The degree of relationship can be determined by constructing a family tree and counting the number of births among the subjects of interest. Genealogy is based on the rule that blood ties are determined through the male line.

There are six degrees of relationship:

• first degree of relationship - mother, father and children;
• second degree of relationship - grandparents and grandchildren;
• third - grandparents, great-grandchildren, uncles, aunts and nephews;
• fourth - cousins, grandfathers and nephews;
• fifth - cousins ​​and nephews;
• sixth - second cousins.

Line of kinship is the fundamental criterion by which kinship is determined.

The following types of kinship are distinguished:

• biological (a generation has a common ancestor);
• heterogeneous or lateral (due to marriage);
• characteristic (non-related relationships when there are adopted children).

Biological relationship is determined by the following options:

• direct - established between representatives of different generations of the same family, visible along vertical and horizontal lines (father-son, great-grandmother-great-grandson);
• lateral - the number of births separating descendants in the family tree (father's brother and nephew - joint relative, grandfather and father).

A situation may arise when you need to have information about who is considered a close relative and who is a distant relative.

The Family Code states that close relatives are vertical and horizontal relatives, and the concept of kinship between them is based on the principle of common blood. These include children, parents, parents of parents, brothers and sisters. Such close ones are similar in appearance, have similar character traits and DNA.

All other subjects are considered distant relatives: uncles, aunts, their children.

Based on Russian legislation, a married couple cannot act as relatives, since they have no blood connection. Such relationships are called properties or, relatively speaking, relationships under duress or necessity. These include:

• mother-in-law and father-in-law;
• mother-in-law and father-in-law;
• daughter-in-law, son-in-law;
• stepfather and stepmother.

Relatives of the same generation:

1. Relatives - have common parents, are divided:

• full siblings (blood brother and sister);
• half-parent (have only one common parent);
• half-blooded (born from the same father);
• monouterine (born from the same mother).

1. Stepchildren are children who do not have common parents.
2. Cousins ​​are the children of your parents' siblings.
3. Second cousins ​​are children's cousins ​​of their parents in relation to each other.
4. Fourth cousins ​​are the children of second cousins.

How to prove the degree of relationship

There are times in life when it is necessary to prove a family connection with a certain person. These include entering into inheritance rights, filling out a form when entering the civil service, filling out a personal card at an enterprise. This can be done in the following ways:

1. Upon provision of the necessary documents: passports with appropriate marks, marriage certificate, child’s birth certificate.
2. Proof in court of a blood connection: testimony of witnesses, persons close to the family, relatives, certificates of the family’s condition, certificates from the place of work.
3. Using DNA testing. The first degree of family relationship can be confirmed with the help of genetic testing, which is carried out in certain institutions, whose workers study the genetic code of a person by examining his biological material.

To draw up a diagram of family relationships, you need to collect as much information as possible about your relatives in order to understand who you are and who you are. Schematic representation of the degree of relationship:

The order of acceptance of inheritance is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Each subsequent group has the right to claim its rights to inheritance when there are no successors of the previous group.

There are several queues for the right of inheritance:

• first-degree heirs: children, husband or wife, parents of the testator and adopted children;
• heirs of the second stage: brothers and sisters, mothers and fathers of parents;
• third: uncles, aunts and cousins;
• the fourth includes ancestors;
• the fifth includes cousins ​​and grandparents;
• sixth: children of cousins;
• seventh: adoptive father, mother and children.

In order to receive legally due parts of the property, it is necessary to carry out a procedure for establishing kinship during inheritance.

The testator has the right to write a will in which he indicates how the inheritance will be distributed according to his will, or to draw up a document of donation of any property.

If you have questions related to inheritance, contact a specialized center, where a consultant will recommend you a lawyer specializing in inheritance matters. They will listen to you, fill out the necessary form, check your documents, conduct a general analysis and advise you on a legally sound option for your actions, supported by law.

In the era of technological progress, there are a lot of specialized sites with which you can create a family tree on a personal computer using templates at several levels. You can build a family tree in the form of a tree or in the form of a table. During the process of building a pedigree, you can change and edit information.

We can summarize: kinship is an important and integral part in the life of every person, which must be fully owned, since it can be useful at any moment.