Then the story about the Dyatlov Pass, of course, should be familiar to you. In this article, we will consider in detail all the facts related to the mysterious death of the Dyatlov group.
Despite the fact that the death of individual tourists and entire tourist groups is not a unique phenomenon (only at least 111 people died in ski trips from 1975 to 2004), the death of the Dyatlov group continues to attract the attention of researchers, journalists and politicians - up to the coverage of events more than half a century ago on the central TV channels of Russia.
So, before you is the mystery of the Dyatlov Pass.
The secret of the Dyatlov pass
On the border of Komi and the Sverdlovsk region, in the north of the Urals, Mount Holatchakhl is located. Until 1959, in translation from Mansi, its name was translated as "Dead Peak", but at a later time it began to be called the "Mountain of the Dead".
For unknown reasons, many people died on it under a variety of mystical circumstances. One of the most mysterious and mysterious tragedies occurred on the night of February 1, 1959.
Expedition Dyatlov
On this frosty and clear day, a group of tourists consisting of 10 people set off to conquer Kholatchakhl. Despite the fact that the skiers were still students, they already had sufficient experience in climbing mountain peaks.
The group leader was Igor Dyatlov.
Igor Dyatlov and two students from the tourist group - Zina Kolmogorova and Lyudmila Dubinina An interesting fact is that one of the participants, Yuri Yudin, was forced to return home at the start of the ascent.
His leg hurt a lot, so he would simply not physically be able to overcome a long distance with his comrades. As it turns out later, this sudden illness will save his life.
Dyatlov group
So, the expedition set off on a journey in the amount of 9 people. With the onset of darkness, on one of the slopes of the mountain, the Dyatlov group made a pass and set up tents. After that, the guys had dinner and went to bed.
It is worth noting here that according to the criminal case, the tent was set up correctly and with an acceptable degree of inclination. This suggests that no natural factors threatened the lives of the expedition members.
After studying the photographs subsequently discovered by the investigative team, it turned out that the tent was set up at approximately 6 pm.
The tent of the Dyatlov group, partially excavated from the snow And already at night something happened that led to the terrible death of the entire group, consisting of 9 people.
When it became clear that the expedition was gone, the search began.
mountain of the dead
In the third week of the search, pilot Gennady Patrushev noticed the Dyatlov Pass and the dead tourists from the cockpit. An interesting fact is that, by some chance, the pilot met the guys from the Dyatlov group on the eve of their fatal ascent.
This acquaintance happened in one of the local hotels. Patrushev knew and understood perfectly well the dangers fraught with the famous "Mountain of the Dead". That is why he repeatedly dissuaded climbers from climbing it.
Igor Dyatlov's group on the eve of the tragedy He even tried to interest them in other peaks, doing everything possible so that they abandoned the planned trip. However, all the efforts of Gennady were in vain, since the goal of the tourists was the "Mountain of the Dead".
When the rescue team ended up at the pass where the tragedy occurred, a terrible picture opened up before them. Two people were lying near the entrance to the tent, and another was inside it.
The tent itself was cut from the inside. Apparently, the students, driven by some kind of fear, were forced to cut it with a knife, and then run away half-naked up the side of the mountain.
Mystery of the pass
Special attention deserves the study of footprints that the dead guys left on the pass. When studying them, it turned out that for some unknown reason, the members of the Dyatlov group ran around the pass in zigzags for some time, but then again gathered in one place.
One got the impression that some supernatural force did not allow them to scatter in different sides from the impending danger.
Dyatlov Pass No foreign objects or alien traces were found on the pass. There were also no signs of a hurricane or avalanches.
Traces of the Dyatlov group are lost on the border with the forest.
Also, the investigation found that two students tried to make a fire near the pass. At the same time, for some reason, they were in the same underwear and, most likely, died from frostbite.
1.5 kilometers from the tent and 280 m down the slope, near a high cedar, the bodies of Yuri Doroshenko and Yuri Krivonischenko were found Igor Dyatlov himself lay in visible proximity to them. According to experts, he probably tried to crawl to the tent, but he did not have enough strength.
But this is not all the mysteries of the tragedy at the Dyatlov Pass.
The death of the Dyatlov group
No injuries were found on the bodies of 6 students, but the situation was different with the other three participants. They died as a result of multiple wounds with numerous hemorrhages.
Their heads were pierced through, some of the ribs were broken, and one of the girls had her tongue brutally torn out. An interesting fact is that the investigation team did not find any hematomas or even abrasions on the bodies of the dead.
The results of the autopsy raised even more questions. Cracks were found on the skull of one of the tourists, but the skin remained intact and intact, which, in principle, cannot be the case with such injuries.
Mystic
Since the death of the Dyatlov tourist group caused a serious commotion in society, forensic prosecutors arrived at the site of the tragic pass. They managed to discover some more inexplicable phenomena.
They noticed burnt marks on the trunks of fir trees growing on the outskirts of the forest, but no sources of ignition were identified. The experts concluded that some kind of heat beam was probably directed at the trees, damaging the fir trees in such a mysterious way.
This conclusion was also made because the rest of the trees remained intact, and the snow at their base had not even melted.
As a result detailed analysis of all the events that took place that night at the pass, the following picture emerged. After the tourists overcame about 500 m barefoot, they were overtaken and destroyed by some unknown force.
Radiation
During the investigation into the death of Dyatlov and his companions, internal organs and belongings of the dead for the presence of radioactive substances in them.
Here the investigators also expected inexplicable mystery. The fact is that experts found radioactive substances on the surface of the skin and directly on the things themselves, the appearance of which was impossible to explain.
After all, no nuclear tests were conducted on the territory of the Soviet Union at that time.
UFO
There was even a version put forward that UFO was guilty of the death of the Dyatlov tourist group. Perhaps this assumption was due to the fact that during the search operation, the rescuers saw some fireballs flying over their heads. Nobody could explain this phenomenon.
Moreover, on the last day of March 1959, for 20 minutes, local residents observed a terrible picture in the sky. A huge fiery ring was moving along it, which then disappeared behind the slope of one of the mountains.
Witnesses also said that a star suddenly appeared from the center of the ring, which slowly moved down until it completely disappeared from sight.
This mysterious incident left the already frightened locals in disarray. People turned to the authorities to engage scientists to carefully study the mysterious phenomenon and explain its nature.
Who killed the Dyatlov group
For some time, the investigation team assumed that representatives of the local Mansi people, who had already committed crimes of a similar nature, were guilty of the murder of the skiers.
Many suspects were detained and questioned by police officers, but in the end, all of them had to be released due to lack of evidence.
The criminal case on the fact of the death of Dyatlov's tourists at the tragic pass was closed.
Photo of members of the tour group on the monument (the initials and surname of Zolotarev are embossed with errors) The official wording was quite abstract and vague. It stated that the students died due to "a natural force that the tourists could not overcome".
The true cause of the death of the tour group on the "Mountain of the Dead" was never established.
Latest news about the Dyatlov group
From the moment of the tragedy and up to the present day, many different versions of the death of the Dyatlov group have been put forward. There are more than 60 of them in total.
Some believed that the cause of death of tourists was, others suggested that a man-made disaster was to blame.
The protocol stated that the skin of the dead was orange or purple, and, as mentioned earlier, a background radiation was found on the clothes.
The body of Igor Dyatlov with his right arm raised An interesting fact is that absolutely all the dead students from the Dyatlov group turned out to be gray-haired. This is possible only when people experience extremely strong fear or panic horror.
There is a version that the students died as a result of a rocket fall. This assumption appeared due to the fact that a ring belonging to one of the Soviet missiles was found near the site of the tragedy.
Explosion of a radioactive bomb
There is an opinion that the Dyatlov tour group died due to the “Vacuum Weapon”, which was allegedly tested in 1944. This is largely due to the fact that the skin of the dead had a reddish tint, and internal bleeding was also found.
Similar signs can be observed due to a vacuum explosion. But even in this case, everything is not so clear.
The fact is that the development of vacuum weapons began only at the end of the 60s of the last century, as a result of which this version cannot be taken seriously.
The Dyatlov group in 1959
On the film of the dead students, the investigators found the last frame, causing a lot of heated debate among the researchers. It depicts incomprehensible light spots on a dark background.
Some say that the picture was taken at the moment when the film was removed from the camera. According to another version, this shot was taken by one of the dead at the moment when they felt the approach of danger.
The Dyatlov group shortly before their tragic death Currently, there are 9 main versions of the death of the members of the Dyatlov expedition:
- avalanche;
- spy version about "controlled delivery";
- man-made disaster or weapons test;
- the killing of a group by the military;
- sound impact;
- conflict between skiers;
- attack by escaped prisoners;
- murder by robbers Mansi;
- paranormal activity.
Unfortunately, none of the nine hypotheses can fully explain why terrible tragedy, which occurred at the pass "Mountains of the Dead" in 1959.
And although this terrible story happened more than half a century ago, it is still shrouded in secrets and mysteries. Perhaps in the future, more advanced equipment will help experts solve the case of the terrible death of the Dyatlov tour group on the Mountain of the Dead.
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More than half a century ago, a mysterious and tragic event took place in the mountains of the Northern Urals. At the beginning of February 1959 for an unknown reason nine tourists died.
After this tragedy, three deputy chairmen of the KGB lost their posts at once, which was an unprecedented event in the history of the most powerful intelligence service in the world.
A FEAT ON A SCHEDULE
Ski trip to one of the peaks of the Poyasovyi Kamen ridge of the Subpolar Urals, Mount Otorten, was conceived by members of the tourist section of the Ural polytechnic institute them. S. M. Kirov in the autumn of 1958. The route was for the highest category difficulties.
The group had to overcome more than 350 km in severe winter conditions in 16 days and climb the Otorten and Oiko-Chakur mountains. The campaign was timed to coincide with the XXI Congress of the CPSU and was supported by the leadership of the Ural Polytechnic University.
The initial composition of the group consisted of twelve people, but in the end, on January 23, 1959, ten people set off from the Sverdlovsk railway station: Igor Dyatlov, Zina Kolmogorova, Rustem Slobodin, Yuri Doroshenko, Georgy (Yuri) Krivonischenko, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles, Lyudmila Dubinina, Semyon (Alexander) Zolotarev, Alexander Kolevatov and Yuri Yudin. It must be said that the group was only nominally considered a student group, since four of them were no longer students by that time, and some had nothing to do with UPI at all.
The composition of the group was diverse. The youngest was 20-year-old Dubinina. The instructor of the Kourovskaya camp site Zolotarev, who joined at the last moment, turned 37. The head of the group, Dyatlov, was 23. Despite his youth, Igor Dyatlov was already a very experienced tourist and had more than one route of varying difficulty behind him. And the rest were far from newcomers. In addition, they already had experience of joint campaigns and all of them, with the exception of Zolotarev, knew each other well and were a solid, friendly and proven team of like-minded people.
Each person was on the account, and it was all the more insulting to lose one of the participants in the very first days of the campaign. Due to aggravated sciatica, already after the first transition from the settlement of the 41st quarter to the non-residential settlement, the 2nd Northern mine was forced to leave the route of Yu. Yudin. A sharp pain did not allow him to move at the planned speed, even without a backpack.
The loss of one of the experienced male hikers forced the group leader to reconsider the schedule and postpone the date of the group's arrival back to Sverdlovsk in case of a successful completion of the trip from February 10 to February 12. However, no one doubted this outcome. And no one could have foreseen that this unfortunate absurdity would save Yuri Yudin's life - the only one of the whole group.
Based on diary entries, it is only possible to partially restore the picture of what happened: on the evening of February 1, 1959, a group led by Dyatlov set up a camp near Mount Otorten in order to climb to its summit the next morning. However, subsequent events did not allow the group to fulfill the intended ...
Neither on February 12 nor later did the group get in touch. Some delay did not particularly alarm the leadership of the institute. Relatives were the first to sound the alarm. At their request, a search and rescue operation was organized, which began only on February 22. Everyone took part in the search for the missing people: from students and tourists to army units and special services.
Moreover, all further events took place under the close control of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB. The level of what happened is evidenced by the fact that to investigate the tragedy near Mount Kholat-Syakhyl, a state commission was created, which included: Major General of the Ministry of Internal Affairs M.N. Shishkarev, Deputy Chairman of the Sverdlovsk Regional Executive Committee V.A. F. T. Yermash, prosecutor of Sverdlovsk N. I. Klinov and Major General of Aviation M. I. Gorlachenko.
Pay attention to the last figure in this list. It would seem, what is a military pilot to do here? Nevertheless, some data allow us to assert that the Major General of the Air Force was not included in the commission by chance. The case was under the personal control of the 1st Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU A.P. Kirilenko.
TERRIBLE FINDINGS
The official investigation on the question of the causes of the tragedy on the night of February 1 to 2 could not give an answer. Or didn't want to. The criminal case was closed on May 28, 1959. In a document compiled by an employee of the Ivdel procurator L. Ivanov, it was said: "... it should be considered that the cause of their death was an elemental force, which people were not able to overcome."
Nevertheless, enthusiasts continued the search. Today, there are several dozen versions of the reasons for the death of the Dyatlov group. Among them:
Unfavorable weather conditions;
Quarrel between tourists;
Death at the hands of the local population;
Attack by escaped prisoners;
Clash with special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
Paranormal phenomena (mysticism and UFOs);
Technogenic catastrophe (version by G. Tsygankova);
Avalanche (version by E. V. Buyanov);
Special operation of the KGB during the Cold War (A. I. Rakitin's version).
I must say that the investigations conducted by volunteers are respected, and some of them answer, if not all, then many questions.
On February 27, one and a half kilometers from a tent found half-buried and frozen in the snow, set up on the slope of Mount Kholat-Syahyl, the bodies of Yury Doroshenko and Yury Krivonischenko were found. Almost immediately, three hundred meters above, the body of Igor Dyatlov was found. Then, under a thin layer of dense snow, the body of Zina Kolmogorova was found, and on March 5, the body of Rustem Slobodin was found.
The next two months of searching yielded no results. And only after the warming, on May 4, they found the rest. The bodies were at the foot of the mountain under a layer of snow 2.5 m thick in the channel of a stream that had already begun to melt. First, the body of Lyudmila Dubinina was found, and the rest were found a little downstream: Alexander Kolevatov and Semyon Zolotarev were lying at the edge of the stream in an embrace “chest to back”, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles was downstream, in the water.
The first assumption was that the tourists were caught in severe bad weather. With a hurricane gust of wind, part of the group was blown down the mountainside, the rest immediately rushed to their aid. As a result, people were swept up the slope by a hurricane, and as a result, everyone froze. However, later the investigation abandoned this version, since subsequent findings did not fit into it.
There could be no question of psychological incompatibility. Who would go on such a difficult and dangerous route with untested or conflicting people? This should be known at least then in order to understand: all members of the group trusted each other, each of them deserved the right to be among the lucky ones, and everyone stood up for each other with a mountain. Thus, the version about the death of all members of the group as a result of a quarrel also did not stand up to criticism.
A careful examination of the camp revealed several signs pointing to a crime. At the same time, it cannot be said that it was like a robbery, as if the group was faced with some criminal elements. A rather large amount of money, as well as watches, cameras and even alcohol remained untouched. Only one camera disappeared, along with a refilled film. But at the same time, the tent was torn and beyond repair. The examination showed that it was disabled from the inside.
But by whom and for what purpose? However, valuables left behind and a damaged tent indicate that the criminal version is untenable. It is unlikely that fugitive criminals would have left themselves without a roof over their heads, when at night the thermometer could drop to the 50-degree mark.
It has been suggested that the group was mistakenly destroyed by a special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which confused tourists with criminals who had escaped from places of detention. But knowledgeable people say: in this case, small arms would definitely be used, and it would not have happened without gunshot wounds. And they were not on the bodies.
The idea was put forward that tourists went to the sacred slope of the prayer mountain and were killed by representatives of the local population (Mansi). However, as it turned out, there is no prayer mountain in these places, and all the witnesses described the indigenous population as calm and tourist-friendly people. As a result, the suspicion with Mansi was removed.
People who are prone to mysticism and sincerely believe in the other world, argue with fervor: everything happened because the group violated the boundaries of a sacred place guarded by spirits. Like, it’s not for nothing that they say: this zone is forbidden for a person, and the name of Mount Otorten (the Mansi call it Lunt-Khusap-Syahyl), where the group was going to move in the morning, is translated “Do not go there.”
However, A. Rakitin, who devoted several years to research, claims: in fact, "Lunt-Khusap" means "Goose's Nest", and it is connected with the lake of the same name Lunt-Khusap-Tur at the foot of the mountain. Fans of the other world insisted: the tourists recklessly set up their last camp on the slope of Mount Kholat-Syakhyl, which means “Mountain of the Dead” in the Mansi language. Confirmation is that even Mansi hunters do not enter these places.
Tourists were killed by something unknown and terrible. In particular, the nephew of Igor Dyatlov later testified: all the dead had gray hair. However, the lack of people in this area is also explained in a very prosaic way: these regions are too scarce in game, and there is simply nothing for hunters to do here. Yes, and the terrible name of the Mountain of the Dead, with a more accurate translation, turns into "Dead Mountain".
V. A. Varsanofyeva - geologist, doctor of sciences, who worked long time at the Institute of Geology of the Komi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, argued that the gloomy name was given to the mountain only because there was nothing on its slopes, not even vegetation - only scree and stones covered with lichen. Thus, the mystical version looks untenable.
Adding to the mysteries was the fact that all the bodies were found far from the camp, while most of the people found themselves on this extremely frosty night (up to -30°C) half-dressed and without hats, six were barefoot, on their feet were only socks. Some were not dressed in their clothes, two were only in their underwear. The version of E. Buyanov was seriously considered, who claimed that an unexpected avalanche had occurred, and it was this event that forced people to leave the camp in a hurry, half-dressed.
However, according to other experts, with a slope of only 15 degrees, the formation of an avalanche is unlikely. Although this does not rule out snow shifts, and with sufficient density, there is a possibility of serious compression injuries found on the bodies found. However, the skis stuck in the snow remained in a vertical position, which worked against this version.
Everyone agreed on one thing: some extraordinary circumstances forced the tourists in extreme haste to leave the sleeping bags and the tent for the sake of saving lives. But what hostile force made them do it? What could be stronger than the fear of death from the cold? The motives of the behavior of hardened and psychologically mature people at the moment when their fate was being decided have not yet been identified.
Unanswered questions multiplied. Some frozen bodies were in the position of defenders. But from whom or from what? It did not add clarity, and the fact that some of the bodies were found large burnt areas and traces of serious injuries, both intravital and post-mortem. Strong indentation of the sternum, numerous fractures of the ribs and other bones of the body were noted, which could be obtained as a result of compression, the powerful impact of external forces.
Y. Krivonischenko and L. Dubinina were damaged eyeballs, S. Zolotarev did not have them at all, and the girl also had no tongue. A. Kolevatov has a broken nose, deformed neck and damaged temporal bone. Tourists received all these injuries during their lifetime, as evidenced by hemorrhages in nearby organs. All the clothes had a strange purple tint, and experts found traces of gray foam in Y. Doroshenko's mouth.
It should be noted that already initial stage significant inconsistencies have been identified. Some experts claim that the holes in the tents were made by the tourists themselves for the fastest possible evacuation due to a sudden danger. Others insist that the tent was deliberately damaged by some hostile force in order to exclude the possibility of its use in the future, which, under the conditions of the Northern Urals frosts, which reached critical levels, would have guaranteed to lead to death of people.
And both of these statements are in direct contradiction with the statements of the third: the tent frozen in the snow was originally intact and damaged during an inept search operation. At the same time, they refer to the conclusions of the investigator of the prosecutor's office V. I. Tempalov, who in his detailed description the scene did not say a word about her damage.
ON GUARD OF THE HOMELAND, BUT NOT PERSON
The most popular version is associated with weapons testing, in particular with the launch of missiles. They talked about the components of rocket fuel, the impact of the blast wave, explaining the compression injuries. In confirmation, the excessive radioactivity of the clothes of tourists recorded by the investigation is given.
But this version looks strange. Weapon tests are usually carried out at special test sites with the appropriate infrastructure capable of recording the damaging effect. In addition, not a single document on the tests carried out in that area has been published since then. On the contrary, data have become available that refute this version.
At that time, there were no rockets in the USSR capable of flying from the launch site (Tyura-Tam, later Baikonur) to the site of the tragedy, and spacecraft carrier rockets were oriented to the northeast and, in principle, could not fly over the Northern Urals. And in the period from January 2 to February 17, 1959, there were no launches from Tyura-Tama.
Sea-based missiles, which were tested at that time in the Barents Sea area, had a flight range of no more than 150 km, while from the place of death to the coast was more than 600 km. Air defense missiles, adopted at that time, could fly at a distance of no more than 50 km, and the nearest launcher was deployed only a year later. However, we will return to air defense.
OIL FOR BLOOD
It is impossible not to take into account another serious version. She claims that the reason for the death of tourists is a man-made disaster caused by a tragic combination of circumstances. In part, this version echoes the version of the above-mentioned E. Buyanov about the avalanche.
The whole country was preparing for the opening of the XXI Congress of the CPSU. At that time, it was customary to report on new labor achievements. The discovery of a new oil and gas field and, most importantly, a timely report about it promised considerable privileges to all those involved.
But there was little time left. To carry out urgent reconnaissance work on the order of the government, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Protection of the USSR and the Ministry of Aviation, methanol was delivered by the world's largest An-8T aircraft, which was specially converted for the transport of dangerous goods.
Methanol is extremely toxic and, when exposed to humans, causes respiratory paralysis, swelling of the brain and lungs, and vascular collapse. In addition, the optic nerve and the retina of the eyeball are affected. An emergency situation that arose in flight forced the crew commander to get rid of the cargo and, loitering, merge it in hard-to-reach and deserted places. Unfortunately, the group's route passed in the An-8T flight area, and the tourists were exposed to a poisonous substance intended for completely different purposes.
Methanol has the ability to dissolve snow and ice, turning them into a fluid mass. It is used in gas and oil fields to prevent blockage of oil wells, underground gas storages and main gas pipelines by crystalline hydrates resembling ice. In addition, for geophysical work in special occasions The method of radioactive tracers was used. There is reason to believe that the An-8T was carrying radioactive methanol.
A large amount of matter deposited on the snow cover in highlands contributed to the liquefaction of huge masses of snow. And this is what provoked the formation of a heavy ice-snow landslide on a slope with a steepness of only 12-15 degrees. According to the version, it was precisely such a mass of liquefied snow that covered the tent with tourists on that February night. And it is the sprayed methanol that is the cause of the purple tint of the clothes.
Given the traces of radioactive contamination and the nature of the injuries, this version seems much more realistic than the UFO version. Although she does not answer the question why only part of the clothes of the dead
was radioactive. True, the author of the version explains this as follows: clothes soaked in a poisonous radioactive substance were removed from the corpses in order to hide the cause of the death of the group. And yet there were questions that this version could not answer.
KGB VS CIA
From a certain moment, testimonies about strange fireballs observed in the area where tourists died began to appear in the criminal case. They were repeatedly seen by residents of the Northern Urals, including search engines. According to eyewitnesses, a fireball larger than two lunar diameters grew in the sky. Then the ball faded, blurred across the sky and went out.
It is on the basis of this evidence that the supporters of the "Martian" version insist that the tragedy is connected with UFOs. But that was later, but for now, a decision is being made to conduct a radiological examination of the clothes of the dead. The results showed that there were traces of radioactive substances on the clothes of two participants in the campaign. In addition, it turned out that G. Krivoni-shchenko and R. Slobodin were the bearers of state secrets and worked at the secret enterprise Mailbox 10, which develops atomic weapons.
Things began to take a completely unexpected turn. The reason for the creation of the state commission with such a high status became clear. Subsequently, it turned out that a specialist in radioactive contamination, A. Kikoin, took part in the examination of the scene of the incident as a team leader, and even with unique equipment.
The international situation of that time should also be remembered: in the conditions of the escalating Cold War, the USSR hastily forged a nuclear shield. At the same time, the conclusions of the official investigation become more understandable, because everything that was connected with state secrets was carefully hushed up. Still would! After all, nothing that can carry radioactive traces of top-secret production should not leave the restricted area.
Because isotopic traces carry comprehensive information about what and how reactors produce. In those days, for foreign intelligence, there was nothing more valuable than this data. Especially since we are talking about the late 1950s, when the nuclear potential of the USSR for Western intelligence was a mystery behind seven seals. All this gave a completely unexpected direction for researchers.
Among the dead was another difficult figure: Semyon (Alexander) Zolotarev. He introduced himself as Alexander when meeting the rest of the group. A. Rakitin in his study claims: Zolotarev was a KGB agent and carried out an absolutely secret mission with Krivonischenko and Slobodin. His goal was to control the transfer of clothes with traces of radioactive substances to a group of American agents.
Based on their analysis, it was possible to establish what exactly was produced at the secret factory. The whole operation was developed by specialists from the Lubyanka and pursued one goal: disinformation of the main enemy. The campaign itself was only a cover for an operation of national importance, and the students were used in the dark.
Apparently, during the meeting of agents and couriers, something went wrong as planned by the special services, and the entire Dyatlov group was destroyed. Their death was staged in such a way that the tragedy looked as natural as possible. That is why everything was done without the use of firearms and even edged weapons.
It was not difficult for the elite fighters. According to the position of some of the bodies and the nature of the injuries, it can be assumed that the dead had to deal with masters of hand-to-hand combat, and burn marks indicate that the presence of signs of life in the victims was checked in this way.
But the question arises: how did foreign intelligence agents get into the deserted and hard-to-reach region of the Northern Urals? Unfortunately, there is a very simple answer to this: until the early 1960s, NATO planes flew into the territory of the USSR from the North Pole almost without hindrance, and throwing a group of paratroopers into deserted places was not particularly difficult.
It is no longer a secret that in the middle of the 20th century the USSR did not have an effective air defense system, and the presence of “strat jets” in NATO countries - RB-47 and U-2 aircraft capable of climbing to a height of more than 20 km - made it possible to achieve high efficiency carry out the deployment of agents and aerial reconnaissance of virtually any area of interest to them. The following facts testify to the impunity of the NATO Air Force: on April 29, 1954, a group of three reconnaissance aircraft made a daring raid along the route Novgorod - Smolensk - Kiev.
On Victory Day - May 9, 1954 - an American RB-47 flew over Murmansk and Severomorsk. On May 1, 1955, reconnaissance aircraft appeared over Kiev and Leningrad. May Day demonstrations of Soviet workers were photographed, who sincerely believed that "the Red Army was the strongest of all, and did not even suspect that spy planes were literally flying over their heads.
According to American aviation historians, in 1959 alone, the intelligence of the US Air Force and the CIA made more than 3 thousand flights! The situation looked absurd: the center was flooded with reports of foreign aircraft flying over the country, and domestic aviation experts declared that “this cannot be.” But this concerned not only the USSR. The technical superiority of the U-2 over the then existing air defense systems was so obvious that the CIA, with undisguised cynicism, used these aircraft around the world.
As it turned out, the fireballs had nothing to do with UFOs either. These are just huge flare bombs parachuted for lighting to photograph large areas and secret objects at night. Now the inclusion of the general of aviation in the composition of the commission becomes understandable.
However, another question arises: how could the CIA agents leave the scene? After all, without escape routes and evacuation, this operation lost all meaning.
And if the air defense forces were powerless, then you can’t say the same about the KGB. Blocking train stations, combing all possible places of appearance of strangers for the special services did not work. And to pass hundreds or even thousands of kilometers unnoticed in the winter in the conditions of the Subpolar Urals is beyond the power of anyone. And here a truly unique know-how comes to the fore.
HEAVEN HOOK
In the fall of 1958, the Americans, using parachutes, landed two scouts on the drifting Soviet polar station North Pole-5, which had been mothballed two years earlier. The Americans were interested in all the draft documentation related to meteorological observations in the Arctic and the means of communication used by Soviet polar explorers.
And here - attention! After completing the mission, the scouts were evacuated and taken on board the aircraft using a unique system developed by designer Robert Fulton and installed on the P2V-7 Neptune reconnaissance aircraft. This device was designed to pick up a person who is on the surface of the earth and deliver him on board an aircraft flying over him. The device was dubbed the "skyhook" and proved to be surprisingly simple, safe and effective to use.
The evacuee was dropped a container, which contained a warm overall with a special harness, a mini-aerostat and a balloon with compressed helium. All this was accompanied by a nylon cord about 150 m long. One end of the cord was attached to a mini balloon, and the other to a harness. Dressed in overalls and filling the balloon with helium, the passenger launched it into the sky. The evacuator aircraft, using a special device installed outside the fuselage, at a speed of about 220 km / h, cut a stretched nylon cord and, using a winch, lifted a person aboard the aircraft.
The first US Marine Corps Sergeant Levi Woods to be flown aboard an aircraft in this manner was. It happened on August 12, 1958. Subsequently, the "sky hook" was tested in various conditions of use: on the water, in the mountains, in a forest area. The reviews were the most positive. At least two such interceptors are known to have been based in Europe.
With a flight range of 7,000 km, the Neptunes could carry out an emergency evacuation of scouts from almost anywhere in the European part of the USSR. This version is indirectly indicated by the loss of a camera with refilled film. Perhaps he was taken as one of the evidence of the meeting of agents with couriers.
To date, many who are interested in this topic recognize that A. Rakitin's version looks the most realistic. However, opponents of such conspiracy theories retort: this is impossible, since the authorities did not prevent a wide range of civilians from participating in the search operation, from whom in this case it was necessary to hide real reasons tragedy.
Perhaps, over time, new data will appear that reveal the mystery of the death of nine tourists on a February night in 1959. However, the number of those who know the true causes of the tragic events more than half a century ago is steadily approaching zero. Will we ever know the truth? Unknown. Do we have a right to this? Undoubtedly. This would be a worthy manifestation of respect for the memory of the dead. Along with the Dyatlov Pass already existing in the Northern Urals and marked on the maps.
Alexander GUNKOVSKY
: lomov_andrey wrote - It is also interesting to read about the Dyatlov Pass. The topic is dark and I even wondered if you could find something that was previously unknown, it’s reluctant to wait a month, so if you can ask me a question: The Mystery of the Dyatlov Pass.
Having looked at how many of these versions, I decided so, let's collect here very briefly the maximum number of them. Where possible, references will lead to their more extended interpretation. And you are required in the comments (if you read this on infoglaz.rf) or by voting at the end of the post (if you read this on LiveJournal) to choose the most likely version in your opinion. In the meantime, I will briefly tell you what happened at the pass:
January 23, 1959 the group went on a ski trip in the north of the Sverdlovsk region. The group was headed by an experienced tourist Igor Dyatlov. The group went to the starting point of the route in full force, but Yuri Yudin was forced to return due to pain in his leg. On February 1, 1959, the group stopped for the night on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl (Kholat-Syakhl, translated from Mansi - "Mountain of the Dead") or peak "1079" (although on later maps its height is given as 1096.7 m.), not far from the nameless pass (later called the Dyatlov Pass).
On February 12, the group was supposed to reach the end point of the route - the village of Vizhay and send a telegram to the institute's sports club. There is a lot of testimonies from participants in search operations and tourists from the UPI that, with Yu. Yudin gone off the route, the group postponed the deadline to February 15. The telegram was not sent either on the 12th or the 15th of February.
An advanced search party was sent to Ivdel on 20 February to organize searches from the air. Search and rescue operations began on February 22, sending several search teams, formed from students and employees of the UPI, who had tourist and mountaineering experience. The young Sverdlovsk journalist Yu.E. also participated in the search. Yarovoy, who later published a story about these events. On February 26, a search group led by B. Slobtsov found an empty tent with a wall cut from the inside, facing down the slope. Equipment was left in the tent, as well as shoes and outerwear of some tourists.
This was seen by the Dyatlovites' tent during investigative actions.
On February 27, the day after the discovery of the tent, all forces were drawn into the search area, and a search headquarters was formed. Evgeny Polikarpovich Maslennikov, master of sports of the USSR in tourism, was appointed the head of the search, and Colonel Georgy Semyonovich Ortyukov, teacher of the military department of the UPI, was appointed chief of staff. On the same day, one and a half kilometers from the tent and 280 m down the slope, next to the traces of a fire, the bodies of Yuri Doroshenko and Yuri Krivonischenko were found. They were stripped down to their underwear. 300 meters from them, up the slope and in the direction of the tent, lay the body of Igor Dyatlov. 180 meters from him, up the slope, they found the corpse of Rustem Slobodin, and 150 meters from Slobodin, even higher, - Zina Kolmogorova. There were no signs of violence on the corpses, all people died from hypothermia. Slobodin had a traumatic brain injury, which could be accompanied by repeated loss of consciousness and contributed to freezing.
The search took place in several stages from February to May. On May 4, 75 meters from the fire, under a four-meter layer of snow, in the bed of a stream that had already begun to melt, the bodies of Lyudmila Dubinina, Alexander Zolotarev, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles and Alexander Kolevatov were found. Three had serious injuries: Dubinina and Zolotarev had rib fractures, Thibault-Brignolle had a severe head injury. Kolevatov did not have any serious injuries, except for damage to his head caused by an avalanche probe, with which they searched for bodies. Thus, the search work ended with the discovery of the bodies of all participants in the campaign.
It was found that the death of all members of the group occurred on the night of February 1-2. Despite the efforts of searchers, it was never established full picture incidents. It remains unclear what really happened to the group that night, why they left the tent, how they acted further, under what circumstances the four tourists were injured and how it happened that no one survived.
official investigation
The official investigation was opened by the prosecutor of the Ivdelsky district Tempalov on the fact of the discovery of the found corpses on February 28, 1959, was conducted for two months, then it was extended for another month and was closed on May 28, 1959. , apparently, faced some dangerous circumstances in which no signs of a crime are seen, and could not successfully resist them, as a result of which she died. The investigation, first of all, studied the circumstances of the case regarding the possibility of other people being in the area of the death of the group at the time of the events. Versions of a deliberate attack on the group were checked (by the Mansi, runaway prisoners or anyone else). The task of fully elucidating the circumstances of the death of the group, apparently, was not set at all, since from the point of view of the goals of the investigation (making a decision on the existence of a crime), this was not of decisive importance.
Based on the results of the investigation, organizational conclusions were made regarding a number of leaders of tourism in the UPI, since their actions were seen as insufficient attention to the organization and security of amateur (the term "sports" was not yet used at that time) tourism.
The full case file has never been published. To a limited extent, they were available to Anatoly Gushchin, a journalist from Regional Newspaper of Yekaterinburg, who quoted some of them in his documentary story The Price of State Secrets for 9 Lives. According to Gushchin, a young specialist Korotaev V. I. of the Ivdel prosecutor's office was appointed the first investigator. He began to develop a version of the murder of tourists and was removed from the case, as the management demanded that the event be presented as an accident. L.I. Ivanov, a forensic prosecutor of the Sverdlovsk Regional Prosecutor's Office, was appointed investigator. The materials of the investigation by V.I. Korotaev are absent from the archival criminal case, which consists of one volume, an album and a package labeled “Top Secret”. According to Yu. E. Yudin, who was acquainted with the case, it contains technical correspondence from the prosecutor's office of the Sverdlovsk region and the prosecutor's office of the RSFSR, which got acquainted with the case in the manner of prosecutorial supervision.
According to some commentators, the investigation did not study the facts fully enough to unequivocally classify the incident as a crime or an accident. In particular, the belonging of some of the found items and the reasons for their appearance in the area of the death of the group were not established (sheaths, soldier's windings and other items of unknown origin were found). Later it turned out that the ebonite sheath found near the cedar was suitable for the knife of A. Kolevatov (a number of sources mention the second sheath near the tent). It has not been determined with what tool the trunks of the flooring found near the stream were cut down or cut off; to apply these fractures and whether it was of artificial origin. The source of the radioactivity of some items of clothing is vaguely identified. It remains unclear whether a biochemical examination of the blood and bioassays of the bodies of tourists was carried out, which (according to Gushchin) were selected and packed by Korotaev in Ivdel. There are no decisions in the case on recognizing the relatives of the dead tourists as victims, and therefore their legal representatives cannot exercise their rights to participate in a new investigation of the criminal case, if there are legal grounds for such.
In 1990, Ivanov L.I., who was conducting the investigation, published an article in the newspaper “Kostanayskaya Pravda” in which he stated that the case was closed at the request of the authorities, and real reason the death of the group was hidden: “... Everyone was told that the tourists were in an extreme situation and froze ... ... However, this was not true. The true causes of death were hidden from the people, and only a few knew these reasons: the former first secretary of the regional committee A.P. Kirilenko, the second secretary of the regional committee A.F. Eshtokin, the prosecutor of the region N.I. Klimov and the author of these lines, who were investigating the case ... ". In the same article, L.I. Ivanov suggested that a UFO could be the cause of the death of tourists. Some researchers suggest that the mystical bias that prevailed in the press of the 90s, and references to such artifacts, indicate the impossibility of the investigation to clearly and in detail explain the causes of the tragedy due to the imperfection of knowledge, both on the part of the investigators and in the scientific community of that time.
There are more than twenty versions of why the Dyatlov group died, from everyday to fantastic
And now the versions:
1. Quarrel between tourists
This version was not taken as serious by any of the tourists who had experience close to the experience of the Dyatlov group, not to mention the greater one, which the vast majority of tourists have above the 1st category according to the modern classification. Due to the specifics of training in tourism as a sport, potential conflicts are eliminated already at the stage of preliminary training. The Dyatlov group was similar and well prepared by the standards of that time, so the conflict that led to the emergency development of events was excluded under any circumstances. It is possible to assume the development of events by analogy with what could happen in a group of young difficult-to-educate adolescents only from the position of an average person who has no idea about the traditions and specifics of sports tourism. Especially characteristic of the youth environment of the 1950s.
3. Avalanche.
The version suggests that an avalanche descended on the tent, the tent collapsed under a load of snow, the tourists cut the wall during the evacuation from it, after which it became impossible to stay in the tent until morning. Their further actions due to the onset of hypothermia were not quite adequate, which ultimately led to death. It was also suggested that the serious injuries received by some of the tourists were caused by the avalanche.
4. Influence of infrasound.
Infrasound can occur when an air object is flying low above the ground, as well as as a result of resonance in natural cavities or other natural objects under the action of wind, or when it flows around solid objects, due to the occurrence of aeroelastic oscillations. Under the influence of infrasound, tourists experienced an attack of uncontrollable fear, which explains the flight.
Some expeditions visiting the area have noted an unusual condition that may be due to the effects of infrasound. In the Mansi legends there are also references to oddities, which can also be interpreted in a similar way.
5. Ball lightning.
As a variant of a natural phenomenon that frightened tourists and thus initiated further events, ball lightning is no better or worse than any other assumption, but this version also suffers from a lack of direct evidence. As well as the absence of any statistics on the occurrence of BL in winter in the Northern latitudes.
6. Attack by escaped prisoners.
The investigation requested nearby ITUs and received an answer that no prisoners escaped during the period of interest. In winter, shoots in the Northern Urals are problematic due to the severity of natural conditions and the inability to move outside permanent roads. In addition, this version is opposed by the fact that all things, money, valuables, food and alcohol remained intact.
7. Death at the hands of Mansi
“Kholat-Syakhyl, a mountain (1079 m) on the watershed ridge between the upper reaches of the Lozva and its tributary, the Auspiya, 15 km southeast of Otorten. Mansi "Kholat" - "the dead", that is, Kholat-Syahyl - the mountain of the dead. There is a legend that nine Mansi once died on this peak. Sometimes it is added that this happened during global flood. According to another version, during the flood, hot water flooded everything around, except for a place on the top of the mountain, sufficient for a person to lie down. But Mansi, who found refuge here, died. Hence the name of the mountain ... "
However, despite this, neither Mount Otorten nor Kholat-Syakhyl are sacred to the Mansi.
Or a conflict with hunters:
The first suspects were local Mansi hunters. According to investigators, they quarreled with the tourists and attacked them. Some were seriously injured, others managed to escape and then died from hypothermia. Several Mansi were arrested, but they categorically denied their guilt. It is not known how their fate would have developed (the law enforcement agencies of those years were perfect in the art of gaining recognition), but the examination established that the cuts on the tourists' tent were made not from the outside, but from the inside. It was not the attackers who "burst" into the tent, but the tourists themselves tried to get out of it. In addition, no extraneous traces were found around the tent, supplies remained intact (and they were of considerable value to the Mansi). Therefore, the hunters had to be released.
8. Tests of secret weapons - one of the most popular versions.
It has been suggested that the hikers were hit by some kind of weapon being tested, the impact of which provoked the flight, and possibly directly contributed to the deaths. As damaging factors, such as vapors of rocket fuel components, a sodium cloud from a specially equipped rocket, blast wave, the action of which explains the injury. As confirmation, the excessive radioactivity of the clothes of some tourists recorded by the investigation is given.
Or, for example, testing a nuclear weapon:
Having dealt with the enemy's intrigues, let's consider the version of a secret nuclear test in the area where the Dyatlov group is located (this is how they try to explain the traces of radiation on the clothes of the dead). Alas, from October 1958 to September 1961, the USSR did not conduct any nuclear explosions, observing the Soviet-American agreement on a moratorium on such tests. Both we and the Americans carefully monitored the observance of "nuclear silence". In addition, with an atomic explosion, traces of radiation would have been on all members of the group, but the examination recorded radioactivity only on the clothes of three tourists. Some “experts” explain the unnatural orange-red color of the skin and clothes of the deceased by the fall of the Soviet ballistic missile R-7 in the area of the Dyatlov group’s parking lot: supposedly it scared the tourists, and fuel vapors, being on clothes and skin, caused such a strange reaction. But rocket fuel does not “color” a person, but instantly kills. Tourists would have died near their tent. In addition, as the investigation established, no rocket launches were carried out from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the period from January 25 to February 5, 1959.
9. UFO.
The version is purely speculative, it relies on observations made at other times of some luminous objects, but there is no evidence of a group meeting with such an object.
10. Bigfoot.
The version about the appearance of a “snowman” (relic hominoid) near the tent, at first glance, explains both the stampede of tourists and the nature of the injuries - according to Mikhail Trakhtengerts, a member of the board of the Russian association of cryptozoologists, “as if someone had already hugged them very tightly ". Traces, the edges of which by the time the search began would already be indistinct, could simply be mistaken for blowing or protruding stones sprinkled with snow. In addition, the search team was primarily looking for traces of people, and such atypical prints could simply be ignored.
11. Dwarfs from the mainland Arctida, Descendants of the ancient Aryans, and so on in the same vein.
The version is that the group stumbled upon some artifacts belonging to representatives of some legendary peoples, sects, carefully hiding from people, or met with them themselves and was destroyed to keep the secret. No unambiguously interpreted confirmation of this version (as well as evidence of the existence of these peoples or sects) is given.
12. Zolotarev's special service past (Yefim Saturday's version).
He was forced to move from place to place, hiding from those who had reason to take revenge on him (former colleagues or victims of SMERSH). Zolotarev could not turn to the authorities for help, because he had a "secret", which he did not want to share. This "secret" was the goal of Zolotarev's pursuers. Semyon moved farther and farther until he ended up in the Urals.
13. Version of Galka about the crash of a military transport aircraft
In a nutshell, the fuel carrier aircraft made an emergency release of cargo, presumably methanol (or itself collapsed in the air). The methanol caused sliding, unusually moving landslides, then possibly an avalanche.
14. This is the work of the KGB.
Many facts of hiding, evidence, correcting information and ignoring certain facts.
15. Military poachers
It is our military who have long been the most unpunished of all possible poachers. Try to catch up with a combat helicopter on a motorcycle or an ordinary motor boat. At the same time, often, shooting is carried out at everything “that moves”, and military personnel sometimes do not think about the problem of collecting their hunting trophies at all.
16. Crime, gold.
In the village of 2nd Severny (the last settlement), still with Yudin, who left the group, they visited a warehouse of geological samples. We took some stones with us. Yudin took some (or all?) of it with him in his backpack. From Kolmogorova's diary: “I took several samples. I saw this breed for the first time after drilling. There is a lot of chalcopyrite and pyrite here.” Several sources note that among the “locals” during the search and investigation there were rumors: “The guys’ backpacks were stuffed with gold.” In principle, some samples outwardly could resemble gold. And they could be radioactive to one degree or another. Maybe they were looking for these stones (even if they were taken by tourists by mistake?)
17. Political, anti-party and anti-Soviet overtones
ill-fated "magic power of a piece of paper", which gave official status to the Dyatlov group of tourists, with all the ensuing consequences, can be compared with a plane ticket doomed to inevitable death with all its passengers.
If the Dyatlovites had set off as ordinary wild tourists along with the Blinovites, then both episodes involving the police could seriously affect the behavior of Yura Krivonischenko, and in the village. Vizhay there would be no special need to stop, and if you had to spend the night there, then you would spend the night “in the same club where we were 2 years ago”. They would not have to communicate with the leadership of the colony, thereby worsening their living conditions in the village Vizhay. The Dyatlovites would not have had to advertise in the village of Vizhay the purpose of their campaign, timed to coincide with the beginning of the XXI Congress of the CPSU ...
18. Mysterious doom members of the Dyatlov group was associated with airborne electric discharge explosions of fragments of a small comet.
Quite quickly identified about a dozen witnesses who said that on the day of the murder of students, a balloon flew by. Witnesses: Mansi Anyamov, Sanbindalov, Kurikov - not only described him, but also drew him (these drawings were later removed from the file). All these materials were soon demanded by Moscow...
19. A slightly modified version of a thunderstorm, based on the fact that it is lightning discharges that are a direct consequence of the death of the group, and not temperature or a snowstorm.
20 Zeki fled, and they had to be either caught or destroyed.
Catch in the winter in forest thickets? It makes no sense. Destroy - than.
No, not cruise missiles, of course, and not vacuum bombs. Used gases. Most likely a nerve agent.
Or like this:
One of the versions of conspiracy theorists: the Dyatlov group was liquidated by the special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which pursued the escaped prisoners (I must say, there really were a lot of “zones” in the northern Urals). At night, the special forces collided with tourists in the forest, mistook them for "convicts" and killed them. At the same time, for some reason, the mysterious special forces did not use either cold or firearms: there were no stab or bullet wounds on the body of the dead. In addition, it is known that in the 50s. escaped prisoners at night in the wilderness of the forest were usually not pursued - too much risk. They passed orientations to the authorities in the nearest settlements and waited: you won’t last long in the forest without supplies, willy-nilly, the fugitives had to go to “civilization”. And most importantly! Investigators asked for information about the escapes of "convicts" from the surrounding "zones". It turned out that in late January - early February there were no shoots. Therefore, there was no one to catch the special forces on Kholat-Syahyl.
21. "Controlled delivery"
And here is the most “exotic” version: it turns out that the Dyatlov group was liquidated by ... foreign agents! Why? To disrupt the KGB operation: after all, the student hike was just a cover for the “controlled delivery” of radioactive clothing to enemy agents. The explanations for this amazing theory are not without wit. It is known that investigators found traces of a radioactive substance on the clothes of three dead tourists. Conspiracy theorists linked this fact with the biography of one of the dead - Georgy Krivonischenko. He worked in the closed city of atomic scientists Ozersk (Chelyabinsk-40), where plutonium was produced for atomic bombs. Samples of radioactive clothing provided invaluable information for foreign intelligence. Krivonischenko, who worked for the KGB, was supposed to meet with enemy agents at the Kholat-Syakhyl mountain and hand over radioactive “material” to them. But Krivonischenko "pierced" on something, and then the enemy agents, covering their tracks, destroyed the entire Dyatlov group. The killers acted subtly: threatening with weapons, but not using it (they didn’t want to leave traces), they drove the young people out of the tent into the cold without shoes, to certain death. For a while, the saboteurs waited, then followed in the footsteps of the group and brutally finished off those who did not freeze. Thriller, and more! And now - let's think. How could the KGB officers plan a "controlled delivery" in a remote area that they did not control? Where could they neither observe the operation nor secure their agent? Absurd. And where did the spies come from among the Ural forests, where was their base? Only the invisible man will not "light up" in small surrounding villages: their inhabitants know each other by sight and immediately pay attention to strangers. And why did the adversaries, who conceived a cunning staging of the death of tourists from hypothermia, suddenly seem to be distraught and began torturing their victims - breaking ribs, tearing out their tongues, eyes? And how did these invisible maniacs manage to get away from the persecution of the ubiquitous KGB? The conspiracy theorists do not have answers to all these questions.
Rakitin's version
22. Meteorite
The forensic medical examination, examining the nature of the injuries inflicted on the members of the group, came to the conclusion that they "very similar to the injury that occurred during an air blast wave." Examining the area, the investigators found traces of fire on some trees. It seemed as if some unknown force selectively affected both the dead people and the trees. In the late 1920s scientists were able to assess the consequences of the impact of such a natural phenomenon. It was in the area where the Tunguska meteorite fell. According to the memoirs of the participants of that expedition, badly burned trees in the epicenter of the explosion could be next to the survivors. Scientists could not logically explain such a strange "selectivity" of the flame. The investigators in the case of the "Dyatlovites" could not find out all the details either: on May 28, 1959, a command came from "above" - to close the case, classify all materials and hand them over to the special archive. The final conclusion of the investigation turned out to be very vague: "It should be considered that the cause of the death of tourists was an elemental force, which people were not able to overcome."
23. Methyl alcohol poisoning.
There were 2 flasks of ethyl alcohol in the group, which were found unopened. No other alcohol-containing objects or traces of them were found.
24. Meeting with a bear.
According to the recollections of people who knew Dyatlov, he had the experience of meeting wild animals on a campaign and knew how to act in similar situations, so it is unlikely that such an attack would have led to the flight of the group. In addition, there were no traces of a large predator in the area, no traces of its attack on the bodies of already frozen tourists. This version is also contradicted by the fact that several members of the group, judging by the position of the bodies, tried to return to the abandoned tent - no one would do this in the dark, when it is impossible to make sure that the beast had already left.
What other versions did I miss?
Which version do you think is more likely?
4 (3.5 % )
5 (4.4 % )
17 (14.9 % )
6 (5.3 % )
Almost everyone has heard of the Dyatlov Pass. About the terrible tragedy that happened in the Northern Urals in 1959 with a group of tourists led by Igor Dyatlov, many films were made and even more articles were written.
There are many versions of the death of the Dyatlov group. They talk about unusual natural phenomena, secret tests, and even UFOs... Unfortunately, as often happens, most of those who made films and wrote these same newspaper articles have never seen either the investigation materials or the results of the examinations of this case. We will try not to prejudice to talk about the death of the group, based solely on the investigative materials.
Tent under the snow
On February 1, 1959, a group of skiers (mostly students from Sverdlovsk) began to climb the mountain, marked on their map under No. 1079. These were Dyatlov Igor (23 years old), Kolmogorova Zinaida (22 years old), Doroshenko Yuri (21 years old), Krivonischenko Yuriy (23 years old), Dubinina Lyudmila (20 years old), Kolevatov Alexander (24 years old), Slobodin Rustem (23 years old) , Thibaut-Brignolles Nikolay (23 years old), Zolotarev Alexander (37 years old).
On February 12, the group was supposed to arrive in the village of Vizhay and send a telegram to the sports club about the completion of the route. They have not come. A search operation was launched in the mountains. On February 26, an abandoned tent was found on the eastern slope of that same mountain. She was cut from the inside.
The Dyatlovites' tent was found by search engines Boris Slobtsov and Mikhail Sharavin, UPI students. Examining the eastern slope of the ridge through binoculars, Sharavin noticed a hillock in the snow that looked like a littered tent. When the searchers came closer, they saw that the entire tent was covered with snow, from under which only the entrance was visible. Above the surface, only skis stuck in the snow stuck out. The tent itself was covered with a hard layer of snow 20 cm thick. Footprints in the snow, going into the forest, indicated that the tourists had hastily left the lodging for the night, cutting the canvas of the awning. After the discovery of the tent, a search for tourists was also organized.
Undressed corpses
The frozen and crippled bodies of all nine members of the group were found within a radius of one and a half kilometers from the tent.
So, at the very border of the forest, near the remains of a bonfire, the corpses of Yuri Doroshenko and Yuri Krivonischenko were found. The hands and feet of the guys were burned and cut. Moreover, both corpses were found in underwear without shoes. The children's clothes were cut off with a knife. Subsequently, these clothes were found on other members of the group. This indicated that both Yuris were practically the first to freeze ...
The examination found traces of leather and other tissues on the tree trunk. The guys climbed a tree to the last to break branches for a fire, while peeling their already frostbitten hands to the meat.
From the last strength
Soon, with the help of dogs, under a thin layer of snow, on the line from the tent to the cedar, they found the corpses of Igor Dyatlov and Zina Kolmogorova.
Igor Dyatlov was at a distance of about 300 meters from the cedar, and Zina Kolmogorova was about 750 meters from the tree. Igor Dyatlov's hand peeked out from under the snow. He froze in this position, as if he wanted to get up and go in search of his comrades again.
180 meters from the corpse of Dyatlov, towards the tent, they found the corpse of Rustem Slobodin. He was under a layer of snow on a slope: conditionally, between the corpse of Dyatlov and Kolmogorova. One of his legs was shod in felt boots. Rustem Slobodin was discovered by search engines in the classic “corpse bed”, which is observed in people frozen directly on the snow.
A later forensic medical examination found that Dyatlov, Doroshenko, Krivonischenko and Kolmogorova died from the effects of low temperature - no injuries were found on their bodies, with the exception of minor scratches and abrasions.
Rustem Slobodin's autopsy revealed a 6 cm long fracture of the skull, which he received during his lifetime. However, experts found that his death, like everyone else, came from hypothermia.
crippled bodies
On May 4, in the forest, 75 meters from the fire, under a four-meter layer of snow, the remaining corpses were found - Lyudmila Dubinina, Alexander Zolotarev, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles and Alexander Kolevatov.
There were no injuries on the corpse of Alexander Kolevatov, death came from hypothermia.
Alexander Zolotarev had broken ribs on the right. Nicholas Thibault-Brignolles had an extensive hemorrhage in the right temporal muscle and a depressed skull fracture.
Lyudmila Dubinina was found to have a symmetrical fracture of several ribs; she died from a massive hemorrhage in the heart within 15-20 minutes after the injury. The corpse had no tongue. On the bodies found and next to them were trousers and sweaters of Yury Krivonischenko and Yury Doroshenko who remained by the fire. This clothing had even traces of cuts ...
The criminal case on the fact of the death of the Dyatlov group was terminated with the following wording: “Given the absence of external bodily injuries and signs of a struggle on the corpses, the presence of all the values of the group, and also taking into account the conclusion of the forensic medical examination on the causes of death of tourists, it should be considered that the cause the death of tourists was an elemental force, which the tourists were not able to overcome.
Over the following years, numerous attempts were made to understand what happened on the slope of that ill-fated mountain. A variety of versions were put forward - from quite plausible to unlikely, and even delusional. At the same time, the existing facts were often forgotten ...
The events of that tragic night when the Dyatlov group died are recreated solely on the basis of the materials of the investigation and subsequent criminal examinations. So those who are waiting for aliens, fantastic anomalies and secret tests can read no further. There will be only fatal mistakes, hopelessness and the life-sucking bitter cold of the Northern Urals...
Warnings and Errors
From the testimony of the forester of the Vizhaysky forestry, I.D. Rempel: “On January 25, 1959, a group of tourists turned to me, showed me their route and asked for advice. I told them that it was dangerous to walk along the Ural Range in winter, because there are large gorges in which you can fall into, and there strong winds. To which they replied: "For us, this will be considered the first class of difficulty." Then I told them: “First you need to go through it ...”
From the materials of the criminal case: “... knowing about the difficult conditions of the relief of the 1079 height, where the ascent was supposed to be, Dyatlov, as the leader of the group, made a gross mistake, expressed in the fact that the group began the ascent only at 15.00.”
Literally an hour later it started to get dark. Twilight was approached by the beginning of a snowfall, which found the group on the mountainside. Before sunset, there was only time to set up a tent.
Those who went on winter hikes know that a cold night at minus twenty-five is a serious test. Moreover, it was their first stop for the night, when they decided not to heat the stove.
"At random"
Tourists set up the tent “in a corporate way”: stretch marks were pulled over ski poles. The Dyatlovites had a small tin stove with them, but it was not installed that day, as the roof of the tent sagged and a fire could start. There were no problems with the installation in the forest - guy wires are attached to trees, but there are no trees on the mountain. The central part of the tent could be additionally secured with braces on skis, but this was not done.
It would be reasonable to try to fix the center of the tent, not even in order to hang the stove, but in order to avoid sagging of the slopes of the tent under the mass of snow. But they didn't do that either. Already frozen.
What was the ridge on which the tourists ended up? Moving to the top, the Dyatlov group reached one of the main ridges of the Northern Urals - the so-called watershed. It is here that the largest snowfall occurs in winter and powerful winds blow.
In a snow sarcophagus
By nightfall, everyone got rid of the wet outerwear took off their shoes. All except Thibaut-Brignolle and Zolotarev. These two remained dressed and shod. Zolotarev, apparently, as an experienced tourist and instructor, did not relax. And Thibaut-Brignolles was on duty.
As the sun set, the weather changed a lot. The wind picked up and the snow began to fall. Heavy snow stuck to the slopes, stuck around and practically cemented the tent dug into the snow, making a sarcophagus out of it. Due to the lack of a central stretch, under a thick layer of snow, the tent caved in. The awning was old, sewn in many places. The accident did not take long. Fragile slopes burst in several places, and under the weight of snow, the tent collapsed right on the tourists. It all happened quickly, in complete darkness. It became dangerous to be in the tent. Tourists were lying, covered with an awning, under a thick layer of snow. The cold, ragged tent did not warm, did not give warmth. It turned into a source of obvious danger - it threatened to become a common grave. Dyatlov and Krivonischenko, who were at the end of the tent, began to cut the slopes.
In hope of salvation
Outside, more trouble awaited the tourists. Having got out of the tent, the guys faced a snowfall of incredible strength and density, with a wind that knocked them down. The emergency required a quick decision. The squall literally swept people off their feet, the tent was littered, and digging snow with bare hands under an icy wind was suicide.
Dyatlov decided to seek salvation in the forest below. Warmed up as best they could. Somehow they distributed the things obtained from the tent. They didn’t get shoes, they couldn’t. Wind, snow and cold interfered. Rustem Slobodin managed to put on one boot.
The wind almost itself drove the Dyatlovites down. The boys tried to keep up. However, it is unlikely that in such an environment everyone was able to stay within sight. A terrible cold pierced tourists, it was difficult to breathe, to think - even more difficult. Most likely, the group broke up. Testimony of one of the searchers, Boris Slobtsov: "... the traces at first went in a heap, next to each other, and then diverged."
First victim
On the way to the forest, tourists had to overcome several stone ridges. At the third ridge, misfortune befell the most athletic. Confidently walking on the snow - with one foot bare and the other shod in felt boots - did not work out, especially through the icy stones of the kurumnik. The felt boots glided strongly on a smooth surface. Rustem Slobodin lost his balance and fell extremely unsuccessfully, while hitting his head hard on a stone. Most likely, the rest of the Dyatlovites, busy overcoming the ridge, did not pay attention to his backlog at first. They realized it later, a little later: they began to search, shout, call.
Waking up, Rustem Slobodin crawled some distance down before losing consciousness. The injury was very serious - a crack in the skull ... He died first, froze in an unconscious state.
Fall and injury
Having reached the forest, the Dyatlovites made a fire near a tall cedar, in the only place found in the dark, where there was little snow underfoot. However, a fire in the wind is not salvation. We had to find a place to hide. Dyatlov sent the most well-equipped members of the group - Zolotarev, Thibault-Brignolle and Lyuda Dubinina - to search for shelter. The three of them wandered to the border of the forest, bypassing the ravine, at the bottom of which a stream flows. In the dark, the guys did not notice how they came to a steep seven-meter cliff and ended up on a small snow ledge. Such "overhanging banks" near the tributaries of the Northern Urals rivers are a common occurrence. One has only to step on them in the darkness of the night, and tragedy is inevitable...
A fall from a seven-meter height onto a rocky bottom of a stream did not pass without a trace for all three, they all received multiple bodily injuries, later described by a forensic expert: Thibaut-Brignolles - a severe head injury, Zolotarev and Dubinina - chest injuries, multiple fractures of the ribs. The boys could no longer move.
Fight for life
Now it is difficult to establish whether Sasha Kolevatov went with them to the place of the fall, or he and Igor Dyatlov found the guys later in a helpless state. Be that as it may, he did not abandon his comrades, he helped to drag his friends up the stream, closer to the fire. Then Dyatlov, Kolevatov and Kolmogorova built a fir flooring in a natural depression. It was very hard work. Everything was done with practically frozen hands, without mittens, without shoes, without warm outerwear. Ideally, it was necessary to move the wounded to the cedar, to the fire. But it was impossible. Between the wounded and the cedar was a high steep ravine. The only thing that could help comrades Sasha Kolevatov, Igor Dyatlov and Zina Kolmogorova was to build a second fire and maintain it. The group split up again. Walking between the fire and the deck was difficult. They were separated by a high snow wall. From the cedar to the flooring was 70 endless meters.
Yura Doroshenko and Yura Krivonischenko remained to support the bonfire near the cedar.
Stress Sel e
It was not easy to build a fire on a blown hillock, near the border of the forest, where the cedar was located. Skinning to meat, the guys broke the only combustible material in winter - cedar paws. The fire was their salvation. However, the fire and the first signs of heat played a trick on Yuriy. They began to fall asleep. Anyone who goes on a winter hike knows that sleeping in the cold is death. The guys began to deliberately inflict injuries on themselves so that the pain would return consciousness, so as not to freeze into unconsciousness. Traces of these injuries will then be described by a forensic expert: burns, bites on the palms, scratches.
Alas, the guys lost in this battle ... In psychology, there is such a thing as Selye's stress. As soon as a freezing person feels the first signs of heat, he relaxes, and in extreme conditions this is deadly. Especially if there is no one to help. Both Yuris died before everyone else.
Clothes on corpses
The condition of the wounded on the floor deteriorated rapidly. It was difficult to determine who was still alive. Apparently, Dyatlov instructed Kolevatov to keep the fire at the deck, and he himself decided to reach the first fire. He found Doroshenko and Krivonischenko already frozen there. Apparently, believing that it was necessary to insulate the wounded, Dyatlov cut off part of their clothes. Alas, their comrades no longer came to their senses. Their death made a depressing impression on those who remained.
Last push
Now it is difficult to say who was the first to go again to look for the lagging behind Slobodin - Igor Dyatlov or Zinaida Kolmogorova. Be that as it may, they went in search of him, not wanting to get used to the idea that finding something in this situation is completely unrealistic ...
So they were found later - frozen on the slope: Slobodin, Kolmogorov and Dyatlov. Dyatlov froze in a strong-willed position, not curled up in the fetal position, in which people are usually found frozen. Until his last breath, he tried to go forward in search of comrades.
white silence
Perhaps, without waiting for Dyatlov, Kolevatov went to the first fire, but found there only an extinct fire and the dead bodies of Doroshenko and Krivonischenko. Probably, at that moment the guy realized that Dyatlov and Zina were also already dead ...
Kolevatov wandered back to the deck where his dead friends lay. He knew perfectly well that there was no longer any chance of survival. It is hard to imagine the extent of this man's desperation.
Subsequently, on May 4, search engines found four corpses eaten by mice at this place. Someone had no eyes, someone had a tongue, someone had eaten cheeks.
P.S.
Before leaving the tent, Dyatlov stuck his skis in the snow as a guide. He hoped to return, but led the group to their deaths. Everything was predetermined in advance: fatigue, an old rotten tent set up at random, lack of firewood and the harsh climate of the Northern Urals. Even now, tourists go to Otorten along the channels of the tributaries of the Lozva, and not along the dangerous Ural Range, where only wild cold reigns.
More versions :
1. A UFO in the area of the Dyatlov Pass is waiting for researchers:
2. There could have been a big fight at the Dyatlov Pass:
3. The mystery of the Dyatlov Pass is solved:
The death of the Dyatlov tourist group is one of the most mysterious and terrible incidents of the 20th century, which happened on the night of February 1-2, 1959 in the Northern Urals, when a group of tourists led by Igor Dyatlov died under unclear circumstances. Here and below are photos taken by the participants of the trip:
At the moment when, having set up a tent on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl (translated from Mansi - “Mountain of the Dead”), the tourists were getting ready for bed, something happened that made them leave the shelter in a panic, setting off down the slope. All were later found dead, presumably from the cold. Several people had severe internal injuries, as if they had fallen from a height or been hit by a car at speed (no significant skin damage was found).
The group consisted of skiers from the tourist club of the Ural Polytechnic Institute (UPI, Sverdlovsk): five students, three engineers graduates of the UPI and an instructor of the camp site, veteran Semyon Zolotarev. The group leader was a 5th year student of UPI, an experienced tourist Igor Dyatlov. The other members of the group were also not beginners in sports tourism, having experience in difficult hikes.
One of the participants in the campaign, Yuri Yudin, dropped out of the group due to sciatica when entering the active part of the route, due to which the only one from the whole group survived. He was the first to identify the personal belongings of the dead, and he also identified the bodies of Slobodin and Dyatlov. In the 1990s, he was deputy head of Solikamsk for economics and forecasting, chairman of the Polyus city tourist club. Lyudmila Dubinina says goodbye to Yudin. On the left, Igor Dyatlov with bamboo ski poles (there were no metal ones then).
The first days of the hike along the active part of the route passed without any serious incidents. Tourists advanced on skis along the Lozva River, and then along its tributary Auspiya. On February 1, 1959, the group stopped for the night on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl (Kholat-Syakhl, translated from Mansi - "Mountain of the Dead") or peak "1079" (on later maps its height is given as 1096.7 m), not far from nameless pass (later called the Dyatlov Pass).
The first days of the hike along the active part of the route passed without any serious incidents. Tourists advanced on skis along the Lozva River, and then along its tributary Auspiya. On February 1, 1959, the group stopped for the night on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl or peak "1079" (on later maps its height is given as 1096.7 m), not far from the nameless pass (later called the Dyatlov Pass).
On February 12, the group was supposed to reach the end point of the route - the village of Vizhay, send a telegram to the institute's sports club, and return to Sverdlovsk on February 15. The first to express concern was Yuri Blinov, the head of the UPI tourist group, which drove up with the Dyatlov group from Sverdlovsk to the village of Vizhay and left from there to the west - to the Prayer Stone ridge and Mount Isherim (1331). Also, Sasha Kolevatov's sister Rimma, Dubinina and Slobodin's parents began to worry about the fate of their relatives. The head of the UPI sports club, Lev Semenovich Gordo, and the department of physical education of the UPI, A. M. Vishnevsky, were waiting for the group to return for another day or two, since earlier there had been delays on the route for various reasons. On February 16-17, they contacted Vizhay, trying to establish whether the group was returning from the campaign. The answer was no.
Search and rescue operations began on February 22, a detachment was sent along the route. Around for hundreds of kilometers there is not a single locality, completely deserted places. On February 26, a tent covered with snow was found on the slope of Mount Holatchakhl. The wall of the tent facing down the slope was cut. The tent was later dug up and examined. The entrance to the tent was opened, but the slope of the tent, facing the slope, was torn in several places. A fur coat stuck out in one of the holes. Moreover, as the examination showed, the tent was cut from the inside.
At the entrance inside the tent lay a stove, buckets, a little further cameras. In the far corner of the tent - a bag with maps and documents, Dyatlov's camera, Kolmogorova's diary, a bank of money. To the right of the entrance lay the products. To the right, next to the entrance, lay two pairs of boots. The remaining six pairs of shoes lay against the wall opposite. Backpacks are spread out at the bottom, they are wearing padded jackets and blankets. Part of the blankets are not spread out, warm clothes are on top of the blankets. An ice ax was found near the entrance, and a flashlight was thrown on the slope of the tent. The tent was completely empty, there were no people in it.
During the trip, the group members took pictures with several cameras, and also kept diaries. Neither photographs nor diaries, by the way, helped to establish the exact cause of the death of tourists.
Further, the search engines began to open a continuous series of terrible and cruel mysteries. Traces around the tent indicated that the entire Dyatlov group suddenly left the tent for some unknown reason, and presumably not through the exit, but through the cuts. Moreover, people ran out of the tent into the bitter cold without shoes and partially dressed. The group ran about 20 meters away from the entrance to the tent. Then the Dyatlovites in a tight group, almost a line, in socks through the snow and frost went down the slope. The tracks indicate that they walked side by side without losing sight of each other. Moreover, they did not run away, namely, with the usual step, they retreated down the slope.
After about 500 meters down the slope, the tracks were lost under a layer of snow. The next day, February 27, one and a half kilometers from the tent and 280 m down the slope, near the cedar, the bodies of Yuri Doroshenko and Yuri Krivonischenko were found. At the same time, it was recorded: Doroshenko had a burnt foot and hair on his right temple, Krivonischenko had a burn on his left leg and a burn on his left foot. Near the corpses, a fire was found, which had sunk into the snow.
Rescuers were struck by the fact that both bodies were stripped down to their underwear. Doroshenko was lying on his stomach. Below him is a broken branch of a tree, on which, apparently, he fell. Krivonischenko was lying on his back. All sorts of small things were scattered around the bodies. There were numerous injuries on the hands (bruises and abrasions), the internal organs were full of blood, Krivonischenko was missing the tip of his nose.
On the cedar itself, at a height of up to 5 meters, branches were broken off (some of them lay around the bodies). Moreover, branches up to 5 cm thick, at a height, were first filed with a knife, and then broken off with force, as if hanging on them with their whole body. There were traces of blood on the bark.
Nearby, cuts with a knife with broken young firs and cuts on birch trees were found. Cut tops of firs and a knife were not found. At the same time, there were no assumptions that they were used for a firebox. Firstly, they do not burn well, and secondly, there was a relatively large amount of dry material around. Almost simultaneously with them, 300 meters from the cedar up the slope in the direction of the tent, the body of Igor Dyatlov was found.
He was slightly covered with snow, reclining on his back, with his head towards the tent, his arm around the trunk of a birch. Dyatlov was wearing ski trousers, underpants, a sweater, a cowboy shirt, and a fur sleeveless jacket. On the right leg - a woolen sock, on the left - a cotton sock. The clock on my hand showed 5 hours and 31 minutes. There was an icy growth on his face, which meant that before he died, he breathed into the snow.
Numerous abrasions, scratches, deposits were revealed on the body; a superficial wound from the second to the fifth fingers was recorded on the palm of the left hand; internal organs are filled with blood. Approximately 330 meters from Dyatlov, up the slope under a layer of dense snow 10 cm, the body of Zina Kolmogorova was found.
She was warmly dressed, but without shoes. His face showed signs of nosebleeds. There are numerous abrasions on the hands and palms; wound with a scalped flap of skin on the hand right hand; encircling the right side, passing to the back of the skin; swelling of the meninges.
A few days later, on March 5, 180 meters from the place where Dyatlov's body was found and 150 meters from the location of Kolmogorova's body, the body of Rustem Slobodin was found under a layer of snow of 15-20 cm. He was also quite warmly dressed, while on his right leg he had a felt boot worn over 4 pairs of socks (the second felt boot was found in the tent). On the left hand of Slobodin, a watch was found that showed 8 hours 45 minutes. There was an ice build-up on his face and there were signs of nosebleeds. A characteristic feature of the last three found tourists was skin color: according to the recollections of rescuers - orange-red, in the documents of the forensic medical examination - reddish-crimson.
The search for the remaining tourists took place in several stages from February to May. And only after the snow began to melt, objects began to be found that indicated the rescuers in the right direction to search. The exposed branches and scraps of clothes led to the hollow of the stream about 70 m from the cedar, which was heavily covered with snow.
A large tent of the Dyatlov group, sewn from several small ones. Inside was a portable stove designed by Dyatlov.
The excavation made it possible to find at a depth of more than 2.5 m a flooring of 14 trunks of small firs and one birch up to 2 m long. On the flooring lay a spruce branch and several items of clothing. According to the position of these objects on the flooring, four spots were exposed, made as "seats" for four people. The bodies were found under a four-meter layer of snow, in the bed of a stream that had already begun to melt, below and slightly away from the flooring. First they found Lyudmila Dubinina - she froze, kneeling, facing the slope at the waterfall of the stream.
Mansi "runes". The traditional system of Mansi individual "marking". The signs are called "tamgi" ("tamga" in singular). Each Mansi has his own personal tamga. It's like a generic business card, a signature that is left in some memorable places - usually hunting or parking places. Let's say a hunter got an elk, butchered it and left it to take it out later. He makes a stes and marks it with his tamga.
The other three were found a little lower. Kolevatov and Zolotarev lay in an embrace "chest to back" at the edge of the stream, apparently warming each other to the end. Thibaut-Brignolles was the lowest, in the water of the stream. Krivonischenko and Doroshenko's clothes - trousers, sweaters - were found on the corpses, as well as a few meters from them. All clothes had traces of even cuts, as they had already been removed from the corpses of Krivonischenko and Doroshenko. The dead Thibault-Brignolles and Zolotarev were found well-dressed, Dubinina was worse dressed - her faux-fur jacket and cap ended up on Zolotarev, Dubinina's unbuttoned leg was wrapped in Krivonischenko's woolen trousers. Krivonischenko's knife was found near the corpses, with which young firs were cut near the fires. Two watches were found on Thibault-Brignolle's hand - one showed 8 hours 14 minutes, the second - 8 hours 39 minutes.
At the same time, all the bodies had terrible injuries received in their lifetime. Dubinina and Zolotarev had fractures of 12 ribs, Dubinina - both on the right and on the left side, Zolotarev - only on the right. Later, the examination determined that such injuries can only be obtained from hard hit similar to being hit by a car moving at high speed or falling from high altitude. It is impossible to inflict such injuries with a stone in a person’s hand. In addition, Dubinina and Zolotarev do not have eyeballs - they are squeezed out or removed. And Dubinina's tongue and part of her upper lip were torn out. Thibaut-Brignolles has a depressed fracture of the temporal bone. Very strange, but during the examination it was found that the clothes (sweater, trousers) contain applied radioactive substances with beta radiation.
According to experts, the start of climbing the mountain in bad weather was Dyatlov's mistake, which may have caused the tragedy.
One of recent photos. Tourists are clearing a place for a tent on a mountainside.
Last and Most mysterious photo. Some believe that this shot was taken by someone from the Dyatlov group when the danger began to approach. According to others, this shot was taken while the film was being removed from the camera for processing.
Here is a schematic picture of a hypothetical incident and the recovered bodies. Most of the group's bodies were found in the head-to-tent position, and all were located in a straight line from the cut side of the tent, for over 1.5 kilometers. Kolmogorova, Slobodin and Dyatlov did not die while leaving the tent, but on the contrary, on the way back to the tent.
The whole picture of the tragedy points to numerous mysteries and oddities in the behavior of the Dyatlovites, most of which are practically inexplicable.
- Why did they not run away from the tent, but retreated in a line, with the usual step?
“Why did they need to kindle a fire near a tall cedar in a windswept area?”
Why did they break cedar branches at a height of up to 5 meters when there were many small trees around for a fire?
“How could they get such terrible injuries on level ground?”
“Why didn’t those who reached the stream and built sun loungers there survive, because even in the cold it was possible to hold out until the morning?”
- And finally, the most important thing - what made the group leave the tent at the same time and in such a hurry with practically no clothes, no shoes and no equipment?
The tent discovered by the search group:
Initially, the local population of the northern Urals, the Mansi, was suspected of the murder. Mansi Anyamov, Sanbindalov, Kurikov and their relatives fell under suspicion. But none of them took the blame. They were more afraid of themselves. Mansi said that they saw strange "fireballs" over the place of death of tourists. They not only described this phenomenon, but also drew it. In the future, the drawings from the case disappeared or are still classified. "Fireballs" during the search period were observed by the rescuers themselves, as well as other residents of the Northern Urals.
And on March 31, a very remarkable event happened: all members of the search group who were in the camp in the Lozva valley saw a UFO. Valentin Yakimenko, a participant in those events, in his memoirs very succinctly described what happened: “It was still dark early in the morning. The orderly Viktor Meshcheryakov left the tent and saw a luminous ball moving across the sky. Woke everyone up. For 20 minutes we watched the movement of the ball (or disk) until it disappeared behind the mountainside. We saw him in the southeast of the tent. He moved in a northerly direction. This phenomenon shocked everyone. We were sure that the death of the Dyatlovites had something to do with him.” What they saw was reported to the headquarters of the search operation, located in Ivdel. The appearance of a UFO in the case gave the investigation an unexpected direction. Someone remembered that "fireballs" were observed in approximately the same area on February 17, 1959, about which there was even a publication in the Tagil Worker newspaper. And the investigation, resolutely rejecting the version of "malicious Mansi killers", began to work in a new direction. Well-preserved traces of the Dyatlovites:
The Mansi legends say that during the global flood on Mount Kholat-Syahyl, 9 hunters disappeared earlier - they “died of hunger”, “boiled in boiling water”, “disappeared in a terrible radiance”. Hence the name of this mountain - Kholatchakhl, in translation - the Mountain of the Dead. The mountain is not sacred place for the Mansi, rather the opposite - they always bypassed this peak. The discovery of a storage shed made by the Dyatlovites with supplies that they left here so as not to drag excess cargo up the mountain. One of the strange circumstances of the case is that, fleeing from an unknown danger, the tourists did not go to the storehouse, where there was food and warm clothes, but in the other direction, as if something was blocking the way to the storehouse.
There are many versions of what happened, which can be divided into 4 groups: natural (an avalanche descended on the tent, the tent collapsed under the weight of the attacking snow, the snow that attacked the tent made breathing difficult for tourists, which forced them to leave the tent, etc., the impact of infrasound formed in the mountains , ball lightning, this also includes versions with attacks by wild animals and accidental poisoning), criminal (attacks by Mansi, fugitive convicts, special services, military, foreign saboteurs, illegal gold miners, as well as a quarrel between tourists) and man-made (testing of secret weapons (for example , a vacuum bomb), hitting a tent with a snowmobile or other equipment, etc.) and, finally, fantastic ones (evil mountain spirits, UFOs, Bigfoot, air electric discharge explosions of comet fragments, toroidal tornado, etc.).
There is a version of A. I. Rakitin, according to which the group included secret KGB officers: Semyon Zolotarev, Alexander Kolevatov and, possibly, Yura Krivonischenko. One of them (Kolevatov or Krivonischenko), posing as an anti-Soviet young man, was “recruited” by foreign intelligence some time before the campaign and agreed to meet with foreign spies disguised as another tourist group under the cover of the campaign and transfer samples of radioactive materials from his enterprises in the form of clothing items containing radioactive dust (in reality, it was a “controlled delivery” under the supervision of the KGB). However, the spies revealed the group's connection with the KGB (perhaps when they tried to photograph them) or, conversely, they themselves made a mistake that allowed the uninitiated members of the group to suspect that they were not who they claim to be (they used the Russian idiom incorrectly, discovered ignorance of the well-known for the inhabitants of the USSR fact, etc.). Deciding to eliminate the witnesses, the spies forced the tourists to undress in the cold and leave the tent, threatening with firearms, but not using it, so that death looked natural (according to their calculations, the victims should have inevitably died at night from the cold). The corpse of Igor Dyatlov in socks:
It is worth noting that at all times a lot of tourists died. Mostly from the cold. Thus, the death of a group of tourists in the winter in itself was not something extraordinary. Out of the ordinary it was made by various mysterious circumstances. The peculiarity of the incident is that all "realistic" versions (such as the version about an avalanche) rest on these inexplicable nuances and inconsistencies, which suggests that the group encountered something from the category of "unknown". The official version read: “Given the absence of external bodily injuries and signs of a struggle on the corpses, the presence of all the values of the group, and also taking into account the conclusion of the forensic medical examination on the causes of death of tourists, it should be considered that the cause of their death was an elemental force, which people overcome were unable to."
The death of the Dyatlovites fell on last period existence old system support for amateur tourism, which had the organizational form of commissions under the Sports Committees and Unions of Sports Societies and Organizations (SSSO) of territorial entities. There were tourist sections at enterprises and universities, but these were disparate organizations that interacted poorly with each other. With the growing popularity of tourism, it became obvious that the existing system could not cope with the preparation, provision and support of tourist groups and could not provide a sufficient level of tourism security. In 1959, when the Dyatlov group died, the number of dead tourists did not exceed 50 people per year in the country. Already in the following year, 1960, the number of dead tourists almost doubled. The first reaction of the authorities was an attempt to ban amateur tourism, which was done by a decree of March 17, 1961. But it is impossible to forbid people to voluntarily go on a hike in quite accessible terrain - tourism turned into a “wild” state, when no one controlled the training or equipment of groups, the routes were not coordinated, only friends and relatives followed the deadlines. The effect followed immediately: in 1961, the number of dead tourists exceeded 200 people. Since the groups did not document the composition and route, sometimes there was no information either about the number of missing persons or about where to look for them. The corpse of Dubinina by the stream:
By the Decree of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of July 20, 1962, sports tourism again received official recognition, its structures were transferred to the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (trade unions), tourism councils were created, commissions under the SSOO were abolished, organizational work to support tourism was largely revised and reformed. The creation of tourist clubs on a territorial basis began, but work in organizations did not weaken, but intensified thanks to the broad information support that appeared due to the exchange of experience of amateur organizations. This made it possible to overcome the crisis and ensure the functioning of the sports tourism system for several decades. Igor Dyatlov's body:
Special agencies suggested that the relatives of the victims be buried in the village closest to the pass, but they insisted that the bodies be brought home. All children were buried in mass grave at the Mikhailovsky cemetery in Sverdlovsk. The first funeral took place on March 9, 1959 with a large crowd of people. According to eyewitnesses, the faces and skin of the dead guys had a purple-bluish tint. The bodies of four students (Dyatlov, Slobodin, Doroshenko, Kolmogorova) were buried in Sverdlovsk at the Mikhailovsky cemetery. Krivonischenko was buried by his parents at the Ivanovo cemetery in Sverdlovsk. The funeral of tourists found in early May took place on May 12, 1959. Three of them - Dubinina, Kolevatov and Thibaut-Brignolles - were buried next to the graves of their group mates at the Mikhailovsky cemetery. Zolotarev was buried at the Ivanovo cemetery, next to the grave of Krivonischenko. All four were buried in closed coffins. In the early 1960s, a memorial plaque with their names and the inscription "There were nine of them" was erected at the place where the tourists died. On the stone remnant on the Dyatlov Pass, an expedition in 1963 installed a memorial plaque in memory of the "Dyatlovites", then in 1989 another memorial plaque was installed there. In the summer of 2012, 3 plates were fixed on the remnant with the image of the pages of the magazine "Ural Pathfinder" with publications about the "Dyatlovites".
Later, a lot of articles and books were written on this topic, several documentaries were shot. In 2011, the British company Future Films took on the screen adaptation of Alan K. Barker's book "Dyatlov Pass" in the style of a "horror film", in February 2013 Renny Harlin's film "The Mystery of Dyatlov Pass" was released. Dyatlov Pass today:
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