Personalities. Foreign trade of the USSR People's Commissar of Light Industry of the USSR

The increase in food production naturally entailed many different issues related to the production and procurement of agricultural raw materials and the sale of food products to the population. Consumer cooperation played a big role in this. The question arose about the need to concentrate the leadership of all this under one person.

Stalin invited me to become Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, while remaining concurrently the People's Commissar of the food industry, so that I, as deputy chairman, would concentrate these issues in my hands. July 22, 1937 By resolution of the Central Executive Committee, I was confirmed in this position.

I worked as Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, and then of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, for a total of 27 years, including as First Deputy from February 1955 to July 1964. In the elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in December 1937, on the recommendation of Stalin, I was elected as a deputy to the Council Nationalities in the 126th district of Yerevan and was nominated from this district until 1974. I was elected to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR in Rostov-on-Don.

Within a few months after my appointment, it became clear that combining these two positions was difficult and, essentially, impractical. In January 1938, at the first session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the first convocation, I was approved as Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR with release from my duties as People's Commissar of the Food Industry.

In the spring of 1938, my functions as deputy chairman were clearly defined. In the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated April 14, it was written: “To oblige the Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, comrade. Mikoyan to focus on issues of trade turnover, on improving the work of the People's Commissariat of Trade and, in particular, the Tsentrosoyuz, on improving the work of the People's Commissariat of Light Industry of the USSR, the People's Commissariat of Food Industry of the USSR, the People's Commissariat of Transport and the People's Commissariat of Light Industry of the Union Republics, freeing him from other responsibilities." Foreign trade issues were beyond my control.

Rosengoltz and I had a normal relationship, but dry. He never turned to me for advice or information. I also avoided conversations with him.

Stalin ensured that issues of foreign trade were not considered in detail even in the State Planning Committee and the Council of People's Commissars. Rosengoltz alone went to Stalin with plans, mainly a currency plan and a plan for foreign currency savings. Stalin approved of this, and Rosengoltz strictly followed Stalin’s instructions and entered the State Planning Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars with his plan. Everything was decided in secret from them. Rosengoltz himself was very pleased with this situation. He worked well as an official. This suited him, he was happy with this way of resolving issues, because there was no criticism of these plans, because no one was present at their discussion. There were no complaints either. Stalin approved the plans drawn up by Rosengoltz himself.

Rosengoltz introduced an order of obedience and execution in the People's Commissariat, instead of using the method of discussing the issue at a board meeting with the activists of the People's Commissariat workers. The workers whom I knew well showed dissatisfaction that the style of work had become completely different, that the People's Commissar did not listen and did not tolerate objections.

And suddenly, at the end of 1937, Rosengoltz was arrested “as a former Trotskyist and now related to Trotskyist activities.” He actually once voted for Trotsky, but was devoted to Stalin and had no connection with the Trotskyist group for a long time. I was only surprised at what Stalin did to people who honestly worked for the Soviet government.

One autumn, in 1938, at 9 pm, when I was in the Council of People's Commissars, Poskrebyshev called and said that Stalin and Molotov were in the box of the Bolshoi Theater and Stalin asked me to go there. The opera “Ivan Susanin” was on. Stalin loved this opera very much, and he and I attended it eight or nine times. At first I liked it, but then I got tired of it.

I couldn’t guess why I was being invited. I must say, compared to what happened before, in 1938, Stalin rarely summoned me personally. He felt that I was having a hard time withstanding the repressions that he used against the leadership and in the country in general. Perhaps that is why he began to treat me a little colder. In addition, at this time they stopped holding regular Politburo meetings, as they used to (every Thursday from 12 to 5-6 pm). Instead, meetings of the narrow Politburo were held 2-3 times a month, as a rule, without a preliminary agenda. I participated in these meetings.

During the intermission, Stalin says to me: “You know that after Rosengoltz’s arrest, the duties of People’s Commissar were entrusted to Sudin, who previously held the position of Deputy Chairman of State Control. It turned out that he was also involved in sabotage. Then we decided to hire someone from outside and made an acting one. People's Commissar Chvyalev, who previously worked as director of the Institute of Foreign Trade in Leningrad. And we were very surprised - Chvyalev, whom we took, seemed to be an intelligent, honest man, young - he is also involved in a sabotage anti-Soviet group.” (I didn’t understand why he was informing me about this.) Stalin continued: “Chvyalev cannot be tolerated at the head of the People’s Commissariat. Merkalov, his deputy, is also a suspicious person. Perhaps he is also with them. Could you take on the duties of People's Commissar of Foreign Trade with the duties of deputy. Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars? Our reserves are exhausted, but you know the business and the people, and you can fix things quickly.”

I said that I have a lot of responsibilities and all of them must be fulfilled. Therefore, it is very difficult for me to give consent, although I do not object if the Central Committee considers it necessary. He said: “It is necessary. You can handle it. You don't have to get into details. You select people, you manage them, and things will go well. Just strictly accept the cases from Chvyalev, use the acceptance of the case for the necessary check of the state of affairs in the People's Commissariat, identify all the shortcomings and which people are doing harm in order to get rid of them. And then, after the cases are handed over, we will arrest Chvyalev, and after a while, perhaps Merkalov.”

After thinking, I said that if the Central Committee considers it necessary, I do not object, but I ask two things: to be freed from the leadership of the People's Commissariat of Food and Light Industry, Domestic Trade and Procurement, so that I can concentrate entirely on the work of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade, because business It's really ruined there; the second request is to stop arrests of Vneshtorg workers. I know from the words of the People's Commissariat workers that not only many managers, but also middle-level workers were arrested there. Many were overcome by fear. People are afraid to show initiative and activity, lest it be considered sabotage. The People's Commissariat is dominated by panic and reinsurance. In such conditions, it will be difficult for me to force people to work actively in the interests of the state. “In general,” I added, “it is impossible to arrest employees of the People’s Commissariat without coordinating this issue with the People’s Commissar.”

Stalin said: “On the first question, there is no need to relieve you of the responsibilities assigned to you as Deputy Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars: you know the work of these people’s commissariats so well, you have so much energy that you can easily combine this work and work in Foreign Trade. So this request of yours will not be granted. (I did not object to this, I remained silent.) As for your second request, Stalin continued, you are probably right. In order to create a good atmosphere for your work, we will instruct the NKVD to stop all arrests of Vneshtorg workers. “We’ll think about coordinating the issue of arresting people’s commissariat workers with the people’s commissars.”

Stalin could not help but understand that this question was important and in that situation absolutely necessary. On December 1, 1938, it was established that permission to arrest employees of the union and republican people's commissariats, as well as institutions equivalent to them, is given in agreement with the relevant people's commissar or the head of the institution.

I arrived at the People's Commissariat, formed subcommittees, and began listening to reports on the state of affairs. There were many shortcomings.

The state of affairs turned out to be worse than I could have imagined. In the People's Commissariat of 46 people who, since 1930, at various times were deputy people's commissars or members of the board, there was not a single one. All were repressed: most while working in the People's Commissariat itself, others after being promoted to other jobs. These were, as a rule, large, well-trained workers.

The situation in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade became especially difficult when Rosengoltz was removed from the post of People's Commissar on June 14, 1937. Of the deputy people's commissars, I found only Kusharov, and he came to the people's commissariat only three months before my appointment.

Of the 21 associations, ten had no chairmen; in many departments and departments, completely inexperienced workers were appointed to replace the removed personnel. In 15 of the 25 countries with which there were trade relations, trade representative positions were vacant due to the fact that personnel were removed. There were no trade representatives in Belgium, Greece, Denmark, Italy, Iran, China, Lithuania, Mongolia, Tuva, Turkey, Finland, France, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Japan.

The Commission for the Acceptance of Cases of the People's Commissariat identified many shortcomings. During her work, I ordered individual facts to be double-checked when they were disputed by staff members. I asked that the inspection be carried out strictly, but objectively, so that the facts are not distorted and that shortcomings are not used to defame the People's Commissariat employees.

Knowing that Chvyalev had been removed, the commission blamed all the shortcomings discovered on him. The tactics were clear, but, of course, the People's Commissar could not be responsible for everything. But they did this consciously, trying to save other workers, because the revealed shortcomings were not the consequence of some kind of sabotage, but were only the result of shying from one side to the other due to the prevailing abnormal conditions.

When confronted with the facts established by the commission, former People's Commissar Chvyalev explained them by saying that he was “an inexperienced worker in foreign trade.” He really had no practical experience, and a higher education was not enough.

The situation in the management of the People's Commissariat over these years was further aggravated by the fact that in 1934 the collegiums in the People's Commissariat were liquidated, as stated in the Resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, "in order to provide specific leadership." However, life soon showed the inconsistency and absurdity of the abolition of the boards, and they were restored. This fact alone shows how dictatorial Stalin sometimes was when it came to solving major organizational issues of building the state and economic apparatus in the country.

In less than a year, I managed to instill confidence in Vneshtorg employees in their position, that they would be protected, and that criticism would not cause reprisals. The People's Commissariat began to rise to its feet.

It must be said that Stalin kept his word and for ten years, until 1948-1949, there were no arrests in the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade. The only exception was the case started by Abakumov almost ten years later against the chairman of Exportles JSC Gerasimov, who during the war worked as a representative of Vneshtorg in Arkhangelsk for unloading and accepting, as well as dispatching cargo and weapons arriving from abroad. He worked energetically and well. In difficult times, I sometimes sent Papanin, a popular person in the country, to help him, so that with his authority he would intensify the work of the loaders in unloading goods and weapons in the most difficult conditions of the North. Papanin was a commissioner of the State Defense Committee, and his ability to find an approach to port people helped a lot in his work.

Stalin told me then that some material had been received on Gerasimov and that it was impossible to ignore this material. I asked him to give me the opportunity to look into this matter myself, and then report to him. I was convinced that there was nothing reprehensible or intentional in Gerasimov’s actions; there was some haste for which administrative responsibility could be held. In general, Gerasimov worked correctly and well. I reported this to Stalin. Stalin did not agree and gave instructions to arrest Gerasimov and try him.

After Stalin's death, Gerasimov's case was revised as contrived by Abakumov. Gerasimov was rehabilitated and released. Abakumov himself was arrested under Stalin.

Over the years of my work as People's Commissar of Foreign Trade, in the process of pursuing the general line of centralization of public administration, an absolute monopoly of foreign trade has developed. Subsequently, Stalin continued to adhere to this line, and I had no disputes with him on this issue. Even during the Great Patriotic War, all supplies from England and America, including a small number of tanks and aircraft in the first period of the war, were carried out by the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade.

The monopoly of foreign trade was preserved as it was bequeathed by Lenin. This is enshrined in our Constitution. Lenin, firmly adhering to the principle of the monopoly of foreign trade, did not view it dogmatically. It took into account the peculiarities of the stages of economic development and the requirements of the socialist economy, and provided for flexible forms of organization and methods of foreign trade work that meet these requirements.

Krasin, the conductor of Lenin’s line of development, understood that this would require the involvement of individual people’s commissariats and large enterprises in foreign trade. “All institutions, societies, firms and individuals,” Krasin wrote in 1924, “can engage in foreign trade only to the extent that the state allows them to do so, i.e. no other than with the special permission of special government bodies, and the very implementation of foreign trade operations occurs only under the control and supervision of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade and its bodies.”

Stalin's Deputy - * Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich
Minister of Foreign Affairs - * Finkelstein (Litvinov)
Internal Affairs - GPU - Yankel Yagoda
His deputy - * Agranov Yakov Saulovich
Deputy Supreme Prosecutor of the USSR and Supreme Prosecutor of the Red Army - * Rozovsky

Main Directorate of State Security

Head of the Housekeeping Department - * Mironov L. G. Head of the Special Department - * Gai M. I.
Head of the Foreign Department - A. A. Slutsky
Head of the Transport Department - * Shanin A.M.
Head of the Anti-Religious Department - * Ioffe I. L.
Head of the Main Police Department - * L. N. Velsky
Head of the Main Directorate of Internal Security - Mogilevsky B.I.

Main Directorate of Concentration Camps and Exile Points of the NKVD

Head of the Main Directorate - * Berman Yakov Moiseevich
His deputy - * Firin Samuil Yakovlevich
Head of concentration camps in Karelia - * Kogan Samuil Lvovich
Head of the State Scientific Institution of Soviet Ukraine - * Katsielson S. B.
Head of the concentration camps of the Northern region - * Finkelstein
Head of the camps of the Solovetsky Islands - * Serpukhovsky
Heads of regions in the Moscow region: * Rappoport, * Abrampolsky, * Fayvilovich, * Zelegman, * Shklyar

Commissariat of Internal Trade

* Ventser Israel N.I., Deputy People's Commissar of Domestic Trade of the USSR
* Levinson N.N., Deputy People's Commissar of Domestic Trade
* Aronshtam Grigory Naumovich, head of the state trade inspection
* Samuil V. Beddesky, head of state trade in educational aids
* Veshier Lazar Abramovich, head of the state trade in haberdashery
* Gapelnn Israel E., head of Svintrest and Moscow canteens
* Gittis Israel Abramovich, head of the association of Moscow canteens
* Goldmaya David M., head of the association of canteens of the Don region
* Gordon Lazar G., director of trade in manufactured goods of the Moscow region
* Gurevnch N. G., People's Commissar of Internal Trade of Belarus
* Gukhman Solomon Isaakovich, director of Mostorg
* Davidson Veniamin A., head of the main auction department
* Zelensky Isai Abramovich, chairman of consumer cooperation of the USSR and RSFSR
* Zyusman G. A., Head of Domestic Trade of the Odessa Region
* Kaganovich L.N., head of the Kyiv branch of Soyuzprodmag
* Kaplan Sofia, director of the canteen trust in Moscow
* Kremin L.I., Director of the Belarusian Trust for Trade in Edible Supplies
* Nodel Wolf Abramovich, editor of the newspaper “Soviet Trade”
* Efim Moiseevich Smorgonsky, head of internal trading in Baku
* Shalyamaizer X. L., director of city trade in Rostov-on-Don
* Shinkarevsky N.I., director of state trade in colonial goods
* Epstein Meyer Samuel, Head of the Moscow Department of Domestic Trade
* Rukhimovich A. D., head of the main department of metallurgy
* Gurevich A.D., head of the main department of the metallurgical industry
* Kagan I.B., head of the main department of the coal industry
* Izrailovich A.I., head of the main department of the gas industry
* Ginsburg S.S. Head of the Main Directorate of the Construction Industry
* Galperin E. I., chief engineer of the nitrogen industry
* G. S. Bitker, head of the main department of the rubber industry
* Buskin D. A., director of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
* Shman A.M., head of the main department of carriage building
* Alperovnch A.N., Head of the Main Department of Machine Tool Industry
* Figatner I. G., head of the working sector of heavy industry
* Fainberg V. G., head of the main department for the construction of mining machines
* Kagan B.D., head of the Prodmashina trust
* Frumkin M. L., head of the chemical trust "Soyuzkhimilastmass"
* Birentsweig M.D., head of the foreign trust of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry
* Izrailovich, chief engineer for the construction of agricultural machinery
* Slutsky S. B., Head of the Azerbaijan Oil Plant
* Rosenoer S.L., head of the oil trust and gas industry in Grozny
* Falkovich S.I., head of the machine-building plant in Kramatorsk
* Levenberg M. G., chief engineer of the Ordzhonikidze plant
* Sheiman I. B., director of the locomotive plant in Voroshilovgrad
* Itskahen I.I., director of the turbogenerator plant in Kharkov
* A. M. Frenkel, director of the aluminum smelter in Dnepropetrovsk
* Zlotchevsky I. E., director of Makeevka Metallurgical Plant
* Granberg L.I., head of workshops of the plant named after. Dzerzhinsky
* Ravyakovich E.M., head of workshops of the Tula Armory
* Bruskin A., second deputy people's commissar of heavy industry

People's Commissariat for Food

* Belenky M. N., Deputy People's Commissar of Food
* Dukor G.I., head of financial department
* Shagan, head of planning and economic department
* L. S. Strnkovsky, head of the main department of the meat industry
* Giber B.V., head of the main department of the oil industry
* G. A. Bronstein, head of the main department of the dairy industry
* Margolin G. S., head of the main department of margarine production
* Glinsky A.L., head of the distillery industry
* Zavodnik I. S., head of the main department of the pasta industry
* Kisin A. A., head of the main department for yeast production
* Zimin M.I., Commissioner of the Food Commissariat for Leningrad
* Nikolaevsky L. S., Commissioner of the Food Commissariat in Ukraine
* A. S. Breitman, manager of the Ukrainian Canning Trust

People's Commissariat of Defense

* Gamarnik Yankel, head of political control of the Armed Forces
* Shifris A.L., Head of the Military Quartermaster Academy
* Stern G.I., special representative of the military commissariat
* Gekeer S.A., head of the foreign relations department at the military commissariat
* Kazansky E. S., Head of the Main Directorate of Mobilization of the Red Army
* Fishmar Ya. M., head of the chemical department of the Red Army
* Ashley P.M., Head of Financial Department of NCC

* Rogovskyan N.I., Head of the Military Economic Directorate of the Red Army
* Laida M. M., editor-in-chief of the newspaper “Krasnaya Zaezda”
* Turovsky S. Ya., head of the political department of Vozdushny! Strength
* Germanovich M. Ya., deputy head of the political unit Se.” Caucasian Military District
* Uritsky S. B., head of the political department of the Transcaucasian Military District
* Tairov G. A., head of the political unit (Siberian Military District.
* Aronshtam L.N., head of the political unit of the Far Eastern Army.
* Rabinovich (Grishin) A. S., head of the political unit of the Baltic Fleet.

Foreign trade of the USSR

* Roselgolts A.P., People's Commissar of Foreign Trade of the USSR
With him, according to a report from Izvestia on May 8, 1936. An “advisory committee” was formed, which included 34 Jews as members. The most important of them:

* Barit Ya. M., chief accountant of the Foreign Trade Commissariat
* Geidin Ya. M.. Head of the import department of Vneshtorg
* Tanz M.I., head of the planning sector of Vneshtorg
* Rabinovich F. Ya., head of the export department of Vneshtorg
* Ievin M.I., head of the trade missions sector at Vneshtorg

COMMAND STAFF OF OGPU /NKVD/

People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR - Yagoda Genrikh Grigorievich
First Deputy - Agranov / Sorenzon / Yakov Saulovich

Main Directorate of Camps and Settlements of the NKVD

Head - Berman Yakov Matveevich
Head and Deputy of the Free Settlement Directorate of the NKVD - Samuil Yakovlevich Ferin
Head of camps and settlements on the territory of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, at the same time head of the White Sea political camp - Samuil Leonidovich Kogan
Head of camps and settlements of the Sverdlovsk region - Pogrebinsky
Head of camps and settlements of the Northern Territory - Finkelstein
Head of camps and settlements in Western Siberia - Sabo
Head of camps and settlements in Kazakhstan - Volin Head of SLON /Solovetsky special purpose camp/ - Serpukhovsky
Head of the Verkhne-Uralsky Special Purpose Political Detention Center - Mezner
Head of the camp in the Leningrad region - Vakovsky
Head of the camp in the Aeovo-Black Sea region - Friedberg
Head of the camp in the Saratov region - Pilyar
Head of the camp in the Stalingrad region - Raisky
Head of the camp in the Gorky region - Abrampolsky
Head of the camp in the North Caucasus - Aivilovich
Head of the camp in Bashkiria - Zeligman
Head of the camp in the East Siberian region - Troitsky
Head of the camp in the Central Asian region - Krukovsky
Head of the camp in Ukraine - Belitsky
Head of the camp in Belarus - Leplevsky

Foreign trade of the USSR

Rozengolts A.P., People's Commissar of Foreign Trade of the USSR. Under him, according to a report from Izvestia on May 8, 1936, an “advisory committee” was formed, which included 34 Jews as members. The most important of them:

Barite Ya. M., chief accountant of the Commissariat of Foreign Trade

Gendin Ya. M., Head of the Import Department of Vneshtorg

Taits M. I., head of the planning sector of Vneshtorg

Rabinovich F. Ya., head of the export department of Vneshtorg

Ievin M. I., head of the trade mission sector at Vneshtorg.

“In our time, when accusations against us, Russians, are heard from all sides that at all times and under all regimes we have “oppressed and oppressed” the Jews living on Russian soil - this list alone can refute all these accusations, and call those accusing slanderers, having every reason for this. No one can refute or challenge the accuracy of this list.”

It was from these Soviet dignitaries that a certain specific “set” of Gulag prisoners was formed in the late 1930s. “The set of 1937”, very talkative, with access to print and radio, created the “legend of the year 1937”, a legend of two points:

1) if they were imprisoned under Soviet rule, it was only in 1937, and only about 1937 should we speak and be indignant;

2) they imprisoned them in 1937 - only them.

Solomon Schwartz, who, although he served in the Red Army at one time, seemed to have “reforged” again and even left for the USA, readily agrees with this opinion of the “talkative set”: “The Soviet anti-Jewish policy does not have a sufficient rational basis at all, rational, of course, from the point of view of the communist dictatorship. Basically, this policy has to be explained by the inertia of hidden anti-Semitism, the roots of which live in Soviet society, and the inertia of anti-Semitic administrative practice, which became firmly established in everyday life during the Stalinist period of Soviet history.”

“...The hidden, creeping anti-Semitism of the Soviet bureaucracy, as it began to clearly emerge in the second half of the thirties, is, let’s call it conventionally, a new anti-Semitism, which finds its expression in relegating Jews to the background in all areas of life in the Soviet Union.”

Schwartz, it seems, does not even ask himself a basic question: why, in fact, should Jews be in the foreground? And this is exactly what he does: anti-Semitism consists in the fact that Jews are not in the foreground. Everything is said very clearly.

Series: Soviet holidays. Builder's Day

Builder's Day was first celebrated in the USSR on August 12, 1956. And it was like that. On September 6, 1955, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the establishment of the annual holiday “Builder’s Day” (on the second Sunday of August) was issued. The laconicism of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is proof that Builder's Day did not appear by chance, and that its appearance seemed to go without saying. Here's how the newspapers commented on it:
“A new manifestation of the party and government’s concern for builders is the Resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted on August 23, 1955 “On measures for further industrialization, improving the quality and reducing the cost of construction.” This resolution analyzes the state of construction with completeness and clarity and determines further paths for the broad industrialization of the construction business" ("Construction Newspaper", September 7, 1955).

“We builders have a big day! Newspapers and radio spread the message throughout the country that the party and government had adopted a resolution to radically improve the construction industry. At the same time, a Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was published on the annual holiday - “Builder's Day”.
A feeling of pride in our country, in our profession and warm gratitude to the party and government for caring about us, builders, filled our hearts...”

Builder's Day was celebrated on August 12. On this day, newspapers wrote: “Builder’s Day, celebrated today for the first time, will henceforth be included in the calendar as a national holiday,” and this was not an exaggeration. Today it’s hard to imagine, but in 1956 the country celebrated the builders’ holiday with considerable enthusiasm, including festivities in cultural and recreation parks. Newspaper reports again allow you to feel the atmosphere of those days:
“Moscow celebrated the holiday of builders with mass celebrations, exhibitions, reports and lectures. The Gorky Central Park of Culture and Leisure was especially crowded. A meeting of builders of the Leninsky district of the capital took place here, who built the architectural ensemble of the Moscow State University building, blocks of residential buildings in the southwest of the capital, and the stadium named after V.I. Lenin, where the flag of the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR is now raised. The builders of the district made a decision - to commission 210 thousand square meters by December 20. m of living space."
“On Sunday, the Chelyabinsk Park of Culture and Recreation was filled with about forty thousand construction workers. A rally took place here..."

"Baku. A solemn meeting of the Baku City Council of Workers' Deputies together with representatives of party, Soviet and public organizations dedicated to Builder's Day was held here. The meeting was attended by the parliamentary delegation of Uruguay visiting here...”

"Tbilisi. On August 11 and 12, folk festivities dedicated to Builder's Day took place in the capital of Georgia. Thousands of workers visited the Permanent Construction Exhibition that opened in the Ordzhonikidze Central Park of Culture and Leisure. It is developed according to a new thematic plan. The main idea of ​​the exhibition is to show elements of precast reinforced concrete, large-block construction and advanced industrial methods of construction and installation work.”

It is curious that many traditions laid down at the dawn of the celebration of Builder’s Day have survived to this day: awards for the holiday, ceremonial meetings with the participation of representatives of government agencies, and simply feasts, which the press of those years does not mention, but which, without a doubt, , took place. It’s just that specialized exhibitions are no longer dedicated to Builder’s Day. And maybe in vain...


Whether he is in a suit, with a new tie,
If he were in the lime, like a snow woman.
Each builder, in a phrase, in a word,
He recognizes the foreman by the interjection!
Here he stands up to his full height,
He makes a toast loudly:
To everyone who levels the wall
Spirit level-trowel,
Who pushes the work
With kind words and swear words,
Who had lunch in the change house,
I ate sausage with radishes,
Who hung with his feet in the sky
On the mounting belt,
To everyone who works in bad weather
With a crowbar, a drill and a saw,
We wish: build happiness!
And don't stand under the arrow!

25.11.2015

90 years ago, On November 18, 1925, the People's Commissariat for Foreign and Internal Trade of the USSR (Narkomtorg USSR) was created. The department was formed by merging the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of Internal Trade of the USSR.

In 1930, the People's Commissariat of Trade of the USSR was reorganized: the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of Supply of the USSR were separated from it.

The archival fund “People's Commissariat for Foreign and Internal Trade (Narkomtorg) of the USSR” (1925 - 1930, 11683 items) is stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics (F. 5240).

The history of the department is richly represented in the RSAE funds:

F. 413. “Ministry of Foreign Trade of the USSR (Ministry of Foreign Trade of the USSR)” (1917 - 1988, 18401 items)

F. 272. “All-Union Association for the Export of Animal Raw Materials and Waste (Raznoexport) of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1930, 7 items)

F. 4433. “All-Union Association for Trade with Foreigners (Torgsin) of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1931 - 1935, 177 items)

F. 8336. “All-Union Association for the Import of Non-Ferrous Metals into the USSR (Tsvetmetimport) of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1927 - 1931, 103 items)

F. 8340. “All-Union Association for the Import of Equipment, Raw Materials and Semi-finished Products for the Electrical Industry and Electrical Construction (Electroimport) of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1926 - 1934, 96 items)

F. 4079. “All-Union Association for the Import of Chemical Goods for Industries and Special Equipment for Chemical Production (Khimimport) of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1926 - 1932, 197 items)

F. 8345. “All-Union Association for the Export of Handicrafts and Carpets (Kovkustexport) of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1928 - 1936, 148 items)

F. 8397. “All-Union State Trust of Fur Farming (Soyuzzverovod) of the Main Directorate of Fur and Hunting Farm “Glavpushnina” of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1932 - 1936, 122 items)

F. 289. “Main Directorate of Fur Farming (Glavpushnina) of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1934 - 1936, 1939 - 1944, 149 items)

F. 4344. “All-Union Association for the Procurement of Secondary Export Agricultural Raw Materials and New Types of Export Goods (Soyuzzagotexport) of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1929 - 1933, 507 items)

F. 4039. “State import-export trade office (Gostorg RSFSR) of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the RSFSR and the office of the authorized People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the RSFSR for the reorganization of Gostorg of the RSFSR" (1922 - 1930, 7284 items of storage)

F. 6882. “State united board (association) for oil trade abroad (Neftexport) of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the RSFSR” (1922, 24 items).

F. 8151. “Commission on Internal Trade at the Service Station of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of Internal Trade of the USSR” (1922 - 1925, 1706 items)

F. 3600. “All-Union Council of Exchange Trade Congresses under the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1923 - 1930, 966 items)

F. 8197. “Office of the State Grain Inspectorate (GHI) of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the USSR” (1923 - 1930, 97 items)

Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Trade of the RSFSR in 1920 - 1922, People's Commissar of Internal Trade of the USSR in 1922 - 1924. A.M. Lezhavy (1870 - 1937) (RGAE. F. 92);

Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Trade of the RSFSR in 1921 - 1922. I.I. Radchenko (1874 - 1942) (RGAE. F. 9455);

Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign and Internal Trade of the USSR in 1927 - 1930, People's Commissar of Internal Trade of the RSFSR in 1934 - 1937. Khinchuk L.M. (1868 - 1939) (RGAE. F. 4269).